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Статті в журналах з теми "National Water Initiative"
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Byrnes, Joel, Lin Crase, and Brian Dollery. "Regulation versus pricing in urban water policy: the case of the Australian National Water Initiative." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 50, no. 3 (September 2006): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2006.00332.x.
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Quiggin, John. "Repurchase of renewal rights: a policy option for the National Water Initiative." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 50, no. 3 (September 2006): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2006.00342.x.
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Mansoor, Osman David, Rukhsana Ali, and Ruth Richards. "Regional survey supports national initiative for ‘water-only’ schools in New Zealand." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 41, no. 5 (July 27, 2017): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12705.
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Aguilar-Barajas, Ismael, Nicholas P. Sisto, Víctor Magaña-Rueda, Aldo I. Ramírez, and Jürgen Mahlknecht. "Drought policy in Mexico: a long, slow march toward an integrated and preventive management model." Water Policy 18, S2 (December 1, 2016): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mexico is exposed to droughts and vulnerable to their impacts. Despite a history of serious economic and social consequences from drought, until recently national water policy did not acknowledge this type of natural disaster as a priority issue. This paper analyses how drought policy in Mexico has evolved since the creation of the National Water Commission in 1989 up to 2013, when the most specific initiative in that regard was introduced: the National Drought Program (Programa Nacional Contra la Sequía, PRONACOSE). Over that period of time drought has slowly but steadily gained importance in national water planning and management. Significant initiatives have been implemented, including a national drought early warning and monitoring system. Nevertheless, efforts still focus on compensating economic losses after the fact and little has been achieved in terms of reducing the country's vulnerability to drought. There is a great need to increase public awareness and boost the scientific knowledge necessary for the design of appropriate preventive measures. A long way remains to establish an effective, forward-looking, integrated and preventive drought management model.
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Vasiloff, Steven V., Dong-Jun Seo, Kenneth W. Howard, Jian Zhang, David H. Kitzmiller, Mary G. Mullusky, Witold F. Krajewski, et al. "Improving QPE and Very Short Term QPF: An Initiative for a Community-Wide Integrated Approach." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 88, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-88-12-1899.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accurate quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE) and very short term quantitative precipitation forecasts (VSTQPF) are critical to accurate monitoring and prediction of water-related hazards and water resources. While tremendous progress has been made in the last quarter-century in many areas of QPE and VSTQPF, significant gaps continue to exist in both knowledge and capabilities that are necessary to produce accurate high-resolution precipitation estimates at the national scale for a wide spectrum of users. Toward this goal, a national next-generation QPE and VSTQPF (Q2) workshop was held in Norman, Oklahoma, on 28–30 June 2005. Scientists, operational forecasters, water managers, and stakeholders from public and private sectors, including academia, presented and discussed a broad range of precipitation and forecasting topics and issues, and developed a list of science focus areas. To meet the nation's needs for the precipitation information effectively, the authors herein propose a community-wide integrated approach for precipitation information that fully capitalizes on recent advances in science and technology, and leverages the wide range of expertise and experience that exists in the research and operational communities. The concepts and recommendations from the workshop form the Q2 science plan and a suggested path to operations. Implementation of these concepts is expected to improve river forecasts and flood and flash flood watches and warnings, and to enhance various hydrologic and hydrometeorological services for a wide range of users and customers. In support of this initiative, the National Mosaic and Q2 (NMQ) system is being developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory to serve as a community test bed for QPE and VSTQPF research and to facilitate the transition to operations of research applications. The NMQ system provides a real-time, around-the-clock data infusion and applications development and evaluation environment, and thus offers a community-wide platform for development and testing of advances in the focus areas.
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Griffiths, James, Faith Ka Shun Chan, Michelle Shao, Fangfang Zhu, and David Laurence Higgitt. "Interpretation and application of Sponge City guidelines in China." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2168 (February 17, 2020): 20190222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0222.
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‘Sponge City’ is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.
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Kang, Dongwon, Hyunchul Park, and Miae Chae. "Water management strategies for desirable IWRM implementation and application to the initiative projects, Korea." E3S Web of Conferences 346 (2022): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234601010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
K-water has led national policymaking in South Korea through a master plan established in 2015 to raise national awareness on integrated water resources management (IWRM). It has promoted leading pilot projects as a short-term plan. Since the construction of the initial dam on the Seomjin River in 1928, inefficient water management has persisted. There was a jumble of agreements, treaties, regulations, and various institutions that could not keep up with the changing conditions in dam operation and water use caused by the construction of the new dam and auxiliary spillways on the river. Also, there were four agencies designated as dam usage rightholders: Two more were added to the original two dam licensees. Accordingly, the initiative project established a consensus on the need to streamline dam operations and promoted deriving social agreements through a council composed of the field-level departments of each water management agency. After government mediation, dam management regulations were revised to determine adjustments in the dam usage rights and the basic priorities in water use. This IWRM pilot model, which promotes the rational use of a dam by multiple users, successfully satisfied each stakeholder’s agreed-upon rights in 2019, the first project year.
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Ray, Phoebe Z., Matthew A. Tarr, Huan Chen, and Amy M. McKenna. "Effect of Dispersant on Molecular Composition and Fate of Oil Exposed to Sunlight in Seawater Systems." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 300069. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014-1-300069.1.
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Oil spilled in aquatic systems is exposed to sunlight, resulting in important photochemical processes. Photochemistry likely plays a major role in the fate of oil spilled in areas with sunlight exposure, especially since high molecular weight aromatics are readily photodegraded but are resistant to biodegradation. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the water soluble compounds that are produced as a result of photoegradation, a study was performed to identifiy the water soluble compounds produced from sunlight irradiated oil films. Macondo Well oil was used in this study. A dark and irradiated sample were compared. The irradiated water fraction showed a large amount of oxygenated compounds produced. We utilized FT-ICR MS to identify water soluble compounds from irradiated oil on water. These results will enhance understanding of what type of water soluble compounds are formed in the water as a result of photodegradation and photooxidation. Work performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory was supported by NSF Division of Materials Research through DMR-11-57490, BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative to the Deep-C Consortium, and the State of Florida. Work performed at the University of New Orleans was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (CHE-1111525) and BP/The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative.
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Main, D., L. Ng, and A. North. "The Canadian National Water and Wastewater Benchmarking Initiative. Using process to drive improvement: strategic management of water in urban areas." Water Supply 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.824.
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Earth Tech has been successfully benchmarking Canadian municipal water, wastewater and stormwater utility operations since 1997. While the fundamental purpose of this project was metric benchmarking for the purpose of making performance comparisons to guide continuous improvement, the project is now serving as a dynamic platform to consider, examine, and implement a broad range of utility best practices that have resulted in superior performance where they have been implemented. The keys to success, however, were based more on a process that emphasizes communication, teamwork, and collaboration rather than the trend to push computerized data management systems to their fullest potential, and most importantly, in recognizing the importance of ‘hard work’. With these success factors now well understood and documented, it is feasible to benchmark almost any public infrastructure amongst agencies that are willing, regardless of their level of technological development. Finally, by sharing this methodology, the performance measure descriptions and detailed definitions, it is also feasible to make international comparisons in a simple and cost effective manner, thus opening the door to the broad exchange of international best practices.
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Silva, C., P. Ramalho, S. Quadros, H. Alegre, and M. J. Rosa. "Results of ‘PASt21’ – the Portuguese initiative for performance assessment of water and wastewater treatment plants." Water Supply 12, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Performance assessment of water supply and wastewater services is today a major issue. Over the past six years, the National Civil Engineering Laboratory (Portugal) has been developing performance assessment systems for drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In 2009, a national field-test was launched in Portugal, ‘PASt21’, involving 27 plants (10 WTPs and 17 WWTPs). This paper presents an overview of the second generation of the performance indicator (PI) systems for the overall performance assessment of WTPs and WWTPs, the extent to which the systems were applied in the 5-year study period (2006–2010), and the aggregated results (average, median, percentiles 25 and 75, maximum and minimum) of representative PIs in each assessment group. It was concluded that all indicators are relevant, and the results show the ability of the proposed PI systems to assess the overall performance of a given treatment plant. The aggregated results are very important for the continuous improvement of the plant performance through benchmarking and periodic reassessment of targets.
Дисертації з теми "National Water Initiative"
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Van, der Walt Maria Magdalena. "The concept "beneficial use" in South African water law reform / by Maria Magdalena van der Walt." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept "beneficial use" plays a pivotal role in South African water law reform. It forms the foundation of the mechanism to make water use rights available for the reform of the allocation of water use entitlements. The mechanism involves that water use rights that were unexercised in the two years before the promulgation of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 are not defined as existing lawful water uses. Where the concept "beneficial use" is utilised to cancel unexercised water use rights, it can cause potential hardship. Some people whose rights have been cancelled believe that they should be able to rely on the property clause in section 25 of the Constitution of 1996 to either have the legislation declared unconstitutional or to demand compensation. Section 25 of the Constitution of 1996 prohibits the arbitrary deprivation of property and states that property may only be expropriated for a public purpose or in the public interest, subject to compensation. Section 25(4) states, however, that the public interest includes the nation's commitment to land reform and to reforms to bring about equitable access to all South Africa's natural resources. It is clear from this that reforms to bring about access to water are allowed by the property clause. One of the main questions discussed in this thesis was whether section 32 of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 that made more water available for distribution for reform purposes by cancelling unexercised water user rights, leads to an arbitrary deprivation or an expropriation of property. It should be noted that section 32 of the National Water Act did not constitute an arbitrary deprivation of property, as sufficient reason exists for water law reform. A possible constitutional challenge based on the lack of due process of law because of the retrospective operation of the section may possibly be averted because of the existence of section 33 of the National Water Act. Section 33 of the Act mitigates hardship by allowing unexercised water uses to be declared existing lawful water uses in certain circumstances where a good reason for the non–exercise of the water use right existed. Even in cases where section 33 does not prevent section 32 from being regarded as an arbitrary deprivation of property because there still was not a proper procedure, the government will probably be able to show that the limitation in section 32 is, in terms of section 36(1) of the Constitution of 1996, reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society.
Despite the fact that section 25(1) prohibits arbitrary deprivations, it does not prohibit the government from regulating competing rights to use water even though some people may be negatively affected by the regulation. Because the Minister merely acts as public trustee of the nation's water resources on behalf of the national government in terms section 3(1) of the National Water Act, it cannot be claimed that the government acquired the cancelled water use rights. A claim that compensation should be paid for an expropriation of property will therefore not succeed. Compensation is only payable in terms of section 22(6) and section 22(7) of the National Water Act 36 of 1998 for a loss of existing water entitlements, such as existing lawful water uses or existing licences. A court should thus consider interpreting section 25 by providing for compensation where an individual was unfairly burdened and was therefore denied the protection of the equality clause in section 9 of the Constitution when his unexercised water use rights were cancelled by section 32.
The concept "beneficial use" currently restricts the content of the water use entitlement existing in terms of section 4 of the National Water Act 36 of 1998. The loss of the entitlement when inter alia a licence for an existing lawful water use is refused, is not protected by the payment of compensation when water is used in an unfair or disproportionate manner, because such utilisation would not be regarded to be beneficial use. It became apparent that in terms of the current water law dispensation in South Africa, the possibility of compensation for an amendment of a water use licence and the refusal of a licence for an existing lawful water use implies that a water use entitlement is a right in property. The fact that section 22(7) of the National Water Act states that the amount of the compensation must be determined in accordance with section 25(3) of the Constitution implies that the legislature also recognises that a water use entitlement is constitutional property. Section 22(7) of the National Water Act underlines the basic premises of the National Water Act by subjecting the amount of the compensation that is payable to the same limitations that restrict the entitlement to use the water. The stipulations of section 22(7) draw the attention to the fact that the exercise of both existing lawful water uses and water use licences as rights in property is subject to basic principles of the National Water Act such as the Reserve and the concepts "public trusteeship" and "beneficial use" of the water resources.
The fact that compensation is only payable when there has been severe prejudice to the economic viability of an undertaking implies that water use entitlements have to be exercised at the time of the application for the compensation to be payable. The concept "beneficial use" – in the sense that a water use must not be wasteful or polluting and in the sense that only water use entitlements that are being exercised are protected – thus restricts the water use entitlement as a property right. During the research, American and Australian water law reform and their interpretation of their property clauses were compared to water law reform in South Africa and the South African property clause.
Furthermore, Australian policy to encourage more beneficial water use by the trade in water entitlements or allocations, was also discussed. South Africans will likely in future be encouraged to trade in water use entitlements or allocations. The objective with allowing the trade in water use entitlements or allocations is to encourage people to rather use water for uses with a high value instead of uses with a lower value. In this way the concept "beneficial use" may be broadened to include water allocation or entitlement trading. However, it was argued that a disproportionate impact on third parties would mean that water allocation or entitlement trading would in some cases not be regarded as beneficial use anymore.Thesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Connell, Daniel. "The Chariot Wheels of the Commonwealth." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/49407.
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This thesis examines the role of inter-judisdictional institutions in the Murray-Darling Basin and discusses the potential impact of the National Water Initiative approved by the Council of Australian Governments in June 2004. Over the last century there have been two periods during which decision makers attempted to craft or re-craft interjurisdictional water management arrangements to suit the priorities of their times. This thesis suggests that the early twenty-first century shuold be another, Central is the argument that despite attempts to introduce a form of coordinated basin-wide management in the early twentieth century and in the 1980s, the record since then has been dominated by efforts to maximise state autonomy at significant and growing environmental cost to the region as a whole. The issues involved will be examined in the context of the Australian federal system and a discussion about the nature of the changes needed to implement more environmentally sustainable management. ...
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Edwards, Jamie Joyce. "Building the capacity for watershed governance." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BC Hydro’s Water Use Planning (WUP) process is one of the world’s most comprehensive hydroelectric dam operational reviews and has served as a model to revise hydropower operating plans with the participation of an inclusive range of stakeholders, rights holders, and the use of up-to-date scientific information, that meets social and environmental goals alongside economic targets. In 2000, BC Hydro initiated a WUP process in the Jordan River watershed. This watershed hosts a wide diversity of water users, including active resource industry stakeholders (mining, forestry, and hydropower), Indigenous rights holders, and rural community citizens; which is representative of watersheds in British Columbia with established WUPs. BC Hydro finalized the Jordan River WUP in 2003, which focuses on establishing critical freshwater flows for fish habitat and achieving specific recreational values of the local community. However, numerous other issues still remain that were beyond the scope of the WUP process, including water quality concerns that were continually brought up by citizens during the consultative process of the WUP. In addition to these concerns, biological monitoring following the implementation of the WUP suggests that contamination from an inactive copper mine has affected and altered sensitive water quality parameters for a healthy Pacific salmon habitat in Jordan River. Yet, there has not been an extensive water quality study conducted that examines the spatial or seasonal water quality extents of the mining contamination in Jordan River, specifically copper. Consequently, fourteen years after the creation of the WUP, local advocates are still struggling to have their concerns heard by the entity responsible for freshwater flow, BC Hydro, alongside federal and provincial government agencies. Advocates are calling for the creation of a watershed-based group as a mechanism for having greater influence in water planning and governance processes. This study explores the research question: if and how has the WUP process contributed to creating watershed governance capacity? This social science thesis project employs a mixed-methods approach using both quantitative and qualitative data. The study includes a document review of relevant water governance literature and focuses on examining the freshwater quality of the Jordan River. Water quality samples were collected over a five-week period from five sites on the Jordan River beginning in September and concluding in October of 2015 during the most sensitive periods of salmon spawning activity in the lower reaches of the Jordan River. Spatial and seasonal water quality trends were identified, and analysis concluded that copper is the primary contaminate affecting the productivity of a healthy salmon habitat in the Jordan River. Acid mine drainage (AMD) processes were identified throughout the water quality data and are strongly influenced by the proximity of existing mine waste piles sourced from an abandoned copper mine, and unnatural anthropogenic flows from the three BC Hydro dams present in the Jordan River system. The final stage of the research project focuses on assessing the adaptive capacity in the watershed to address the issues of concern outlined in the WUP. There is a current movement to create watershed organizations that are formally supported through new legislation in British Columbia, but questions remain about the capacities of these watershed communities to sustain such a formal institution and if these watershed communities are ready to successfully implement a local watershed governance model. The Gupta et al. (2010) six adaptive capacity dimensions provide a logical framework to explore if these capacities are present such that it could be expected that local watershed organizations would be effective as society adapts to more watershed-based governance approaches. Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted from October 2016 to February 2017. Interviews and observational data focused on the WUP process and prospective and current members of the Jordan Watershed Round Table (JWRT). The research evaluated whether these six adaptive capacity dimensions are present in watershed communities that have been subjected to water management processes, specifically the WUP program. Overall, the research concluded that the WUP has contributed to some adaptive capacity for watershed governance in the Jordan River, specifically on building the adaptive capacity dimensions: variety, learning capacity, room for autonomous change, leadership, and resources within the JWRT.Graduate
Книги з теми "National Water Initiative"
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment. A national water initiative: Coordinating and improving federal research on water : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, July 23, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
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United States. General Accounting Office. Accounting and Information Management Division. Financial management: Financial reporting issues related to the Navy's Direct Vendor Delivery initiative. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2000.
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Woodhill, Jim. Guidance for initiating national and basin level dialogues. Colombo: Dialogue on Water, Food, and Environment, 2002.
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Brazeau, Stéphanie, and Nicholas H. Ogden, eds. Earth observation, public health and one health: activities, challenges and opportunities. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621183.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 4 chapters that discuss in the context of both the One Health concept and the SDG initiative, remote sensing can provide solutions to the priority of assessing and monitoring public health risks, and it can play an important role in supporting decision making to reduce health risks within our shared ecosystems. The growing awareness of complex but causal interactions among these realms has motivated professionals in a wide range of sectors to adopt the One Health approach, which promotes intersectoral collaboration to address health issues at the human-animal-environment interface. In its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the United Nations specifically identifies "strengthening the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks" as part of their Good Health and Well-being Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). As examples presented in this book reveal, the risk of infectious disease emergence increases with a wide range of conditions and variables, including those associated with humans, animals, climate, and the environment. This book examines several priority themes to which EO and geomatics can make important contributions: mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases; water-borne diseases; air quality and extreme heat effects; geospatial indicators of vulnerable human populations.
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Atelier préparatoire de la consultation nationale sur l'approvissionnement en eau saine et l'assainissement au Gabon (1998 Libreville, Gabon). Initiative Afrique 2.000 pour l'eau et l'assainissement: Lancement officiel et Atelier préparatoire de la consultation nationale sur l'approvisionnement en eau saine et l'assainissement au Gabon, Libreville, du 05 au 10 février 1998. [Libreville]: République gabonaise, Ministère de la santé publique et de la population, 1998.
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Committee on Science and Techno (house), United States House of Representatives, and United States United States Congress. National Water Initiative: Coordinating and Improving Federal Research on Water. Independently Published, 2019.
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Hussey, Karen, and Stephen Dovers. Managing Water for Australia. CSIRO Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098442.
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Australian water policy and management are undergoing rapid and immense change in response to drought, technological advances, climate change and demographic and economic shifts. The National Water Initiative and the 2007 Australian Government water policy statements propose a fundamental shift in how Australians will use and manage water in the future.
The implementation of the national water policy presents many challenges – the creation of water rights and markets, comprehensive water planning, new legislative settings, community participation in water management, linking urban and rural water management, and more. Managing Water for Australia brings together leading social sciences researchers and practitioners to identify the major challenges in achieving sustainable water management, to consolidate current knowledge, and to explore knowledge gaps in and opportunities for furthering water reform.
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John, Blake, Donald James, Magette W. L, and USDA Extension Service Water Quality National Initiative Team., eds. National livestock, poultry, and aquaculture waste management: Proceedings of the national workshop, 29-31 July 1991, Westin Crown Center Hotel, Kansas City, Missouri, sponsored by USDA Extension Service Water Quality National Initiative Team. St. Joseph, Mich., USA: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1992.
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Compendium of good initiatives: National urban water awards 2009. Hyderabad: Center for Urban Governance Administrative Staff College of India, 2009.
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National urban water awards, 2008: Compendium of good initiatives. Hyderabad: Administrative Staff College of India, 2008.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "National Water Initiative"
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Tabios, Guillermo Q., Rex Victor O. Cruz, Myra E. David, and Miriam R. Nguyen. "National and Local Initiatives in Addressing Water Supply Sustainability." In Global Issues in Water Policy, 209–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70969-7_10.
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Sevanthi, Amitha Mithra V., Prashant Kale, Chandra Prakash, M. K. Ramkumar, Neera Yadav, V. Sureshkumar, Yugandhar Poli, et al. "National repository of EMS induced mutants of an upland rice cultivar Nagina 22: progress update on characterization and utilization." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 290–302. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0030.
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Abstract The Indian initiative for creating mutant resources in rice has generated 87,000 mutants in the background of a popular drought- and heat-tolerant upland cultivar, Nagina 22 (N22), through EMS mutagenesis. So far, 541 macro-mutants from this resource have been identified, maintained in the mutant garden and characterized in detail based on 44 descriptors pertaining to distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of rice and other agronomic parameters. The similarity index of the mutants was more than 0.6 for nearly 90% of the mutants with respect to DUS descriptors, further establishing the validity of the mutants. The available high-quality sequence resource of N22 has been improved by reducing the gaps by 0.02% in the coding sequence (CDS) region. This was made possible using the newly synthesized whole-genome data of N22 which helped to remove 9006 'Ns' and replace 12,746 existing nucleotides with the accurate ones. These sequence and morphological details have been updated in the mutant database 'EMSgardeN22'. Further, 1058 mutants have been identified for low-P tolerance, tolerance to sheath blight, blast, drought, heat, higher photosynthetic efficiency and agronomic and root traits from this resource. A novel herbicide-tolerant (imazethapyr) mutant earlier identified and characterized from this resource is now being used in introgressing the herbicide-tolerant trait in eight major rice varieties in India. Further, robust and simpler screening systems have been tested for studying low-P tolerance of the mutants. A grain-size mutant, heat-tolerant mutant, drought-tolerant mutant, stay-green mutant and low-P tolerant and water-use efficient high-root-volume mutants have been characterized at morphological and molecular levels. A brief account of all these mutants, the entire mutant resource and the elaborate trait-based screenings is presented in this chapter.
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Zinzani, Andrea. "Development initiatives and transboundary water politics in the Talas waterscape (Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan)." In Water, Technology and the Nation-State, 147–66. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Earthscan studies in water resource management: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315192321-10.
Повний текст джерела
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Ikemi, Mayu. "Dissociation Between National Policy and Local Communities in Regard to Water Supply Management." In Global Environmental Studies, 47–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7711-3_4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractVarious governments and international organizations have made efforts to expand water supply and sanitation services in rural Africa. This study aimed to evaluate and elucidate the outcomes of national policies on improving water supply management in rural Africa through a case study of Senegal. This case study examined the actual conditions of water supply facilities and residents’ water use in villages. I also attempted to identify the remaining challenges for sustainable water management by local communities. In summary, despite improvement in access to safe drinking water resources for rural populations in Senegal, the national policies were not completely successful. My findings highlight that improving water quality is as crucial as expanding water supply facilities in rural Africa. Meanwhile, for the sustainable self-management of water resources in rural Africa, the case study suggested the importance of local people’s transparent management, information sharing, and mutual aid. Rural residents in Africa have great potential to improve their current water environment through their own initiatives. This potential should be considered as a key to achieving the goal of sustainable water supply management in local communities.
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Toledo López, Virginia. "Territorial Changes Around Biodiesel: A Case Study of North-Western Argentina." In Bioeconomy and Global Inequalities, 239–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68944-5_12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAs part of a recent global agrofuel boom, Argentina became one of the leading producers and exporters of biodiesel. To understand the socioecological implication of this growth, the first chapter considers the national context by exploring the legal framework and agrofuels initiatives. It then focuses on the territorial changes that occurred in north-western Argentina through a case study on the local impacts of the agroindustry. The research shows that biodiesel production in the north-western province of Santiago del Estero is associated with the expansion of monocropping and pesticides, forest destruction, the risk of water pollution and the appropriation of common goods. These processes contribute to the deterioration of the material basis of peasants and local communities and affect the ecological distribution of environmental costs. The research also shows that territorial changes involve symbolic dimensions that are connected to environmental appropriation as part of the process of accumulation.
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Machado, Cristian Rivera, and Hiroshan Hettiarachchi. "Composting as a Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategy: Lessons Learned from Cajicá, Colombia." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 17–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractMunicipal solid waste (MSW) generated in developing countries usually contains a high percentage of organic material. When not properly managed, organic waste is known for creating many environmental issues. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil and water contamination, and air pollution are a few examples. On the other hand, proper and sustainable management of organic waste can not only bring economic gains but also reduce the waste volume that is sent for final disposal. Composting is one such recovery method, in which the end product – compost – eventually helps the agricultural industry, and other sectors, making the process an excellent example of nexus thinking in integrated management of environmental resources. The aim of this chapter is to discuss how Cajicá, a small city in Colombia, approached this issue in a methodical way to eventually became one of the leading organic waste composting examples in the whole world, as recognised by the United Nations Environment Programme in 2017. Cajicá launched a source separation and composting initiative called Green Containers Program (GCP) in 2008, based on a successful pilot project conducted in 2005. The organic waste separated at source collected from households, commercial entities, schools, and universities are brought to a privately operated composting plant chosen by the city to produce compost. The compost plant sells compost to the agricultural sector. The participants in the GCP could also receive a bag of compost every 2 months as a token of appreciation. The Cajicá case presents us with many lessons of good practice, not only in the sustainable management of waste but also in stakeholder engagement. It specifically shows how stakeholders should be brought together for long-lasting collaboration and the benefits to society. Finding the correct business model for the project, efforts made in educating the future generation, and technology adaptation to local conditions are also seen as positive experiences that others can learn from in the case of Cajicá’s GCP. Some of the concerns and potential threats observed include the high dependency GCP has on two institutions: the programme financially depends completely on the municipality, and the composting operation depends completely on one private facility. GCP will benefit from having contingency plans to reduce the risk of having these high dependencies.
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Yiğit, Faruk. "ROKETSAN’s Technological Journey from Past to Present and its Place in Türkiye’s Future." In National Technology Initiative: Social Reflections and Türkiye's Future, 454–65. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-17-7.ch24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The trade wars and technological conflicts between countries that have emerged because of the globalization today play a key role in determining the balances in the world. In order to understand Roketsan’s place and its direct and indirect contributions, it is essential to know the history and development process of the company in the National Technology Initiative, which was initiated with the vision of ensuring the technological and economic independence of our country and becoming a global power. In the first years of the Turkish Republic, a technology and industry move were initiated in Türkiye, but it could not be sustained. In the following years, technological dependence on foreign countries increased and its negative effects were clearly seen in the problems experienced in Cyprus in the 1960s and 1970s. After the Cyprus Peace Operation, necessary decisions were taken to establish an independent and national defense industry. Founded in 1988 to meet the rocket and missile needs of our country, Roketsan is one of the important fruits of these decisions. The understanding of catching up with the competitors who had started the technology race long ago, the nationalization of rocket and missile technologies controlled by international restrictions, as well as the development of innovative technologies has been an important part of Roketsan’s corporate genes from the very beginning. In the light of the National Technology Initiative initiated for the technological and economic independence of our country at the beginning of the 2000s, Roketsan’s development journey has also accelerated, and innovative technologies and successful products have been introduced as a result of these investments in technological infrastructure, knowledge and qualified human resources. With the effect of globalization, countries’ becoming connected to each other in many dimensions has started a great change and transformation process in the world. However, the economic turmoil and inter-country trade wars triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic indicate that the world is entering a new era. Especially the bottlenecks in natural resources, the search for alternatives to hydrocarbon-based energy resources and the change in usage strategies, the risks of access to water and food resources, as well as the shrinkage or monopolization of critical raw material resources used in industries such as microelectronics industry, as global warming becomes more evident, causes tensions and conflicts in the global context, and can even lead to wars. In the future, in order to be ready for the effects that may arise in the event of the realization of these risks, and to manage the process effectively, Türkiye needs to create the necessary strategies and develop reflexes together with all its institutions. Roketsan, which is of critical importance for the security of our country’s future, continues its studies on the technologies and systems of the future, whilst developing flexible and adaptable corporate processes and systematic reflexes that will increase its resilience against unexpected crises and events. We believe that these strategies and activities put forward by Roketsan are of critical importance in our country’s technology move, both in military and civilian terms, will be of great benefit to many sectors, and beyond that, they will contribute to the social sense by increasing the self-confidence and technological awareness of our society.
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Abosede, Sinmi. "Impact of Water Availability on Rural Development in Nigeria." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 225–34. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7158-2.ch013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water is essential to life and is at the center of any sustainable development initiative. It is crucial for the economic development of a nation and for the alleviation of poverty and it is important for the livelihood of rural communities. Limited access to water and sanitation services adversely affects an individual's health, limits their access to educational and economic opportunities, and affects their ability to be productive and live full and secure lives. These impacts are more visible in rural poor communities and there is linkage between water availability and issues relating to health, poverty, and food security. This chapter reviews and assesses the current state of the water and sanitation sector in rural areas of Nigeria and analyses the impact of water availability on rural community health and agricultural productivity. The research will be conducted as a desk-top study utilizing information from literature, national and international data sources.
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Johnson, Chris W. "The Telecoms Inclusion Principle." In Critical Information Infrastructure Protection and Resilience in the ICT Sector, 277–303. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2964-6.ch014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Communications and information technologies play an increasingly important role both within and between national critical infrastructures. From the food that we eat to the water that we drink, to the energy that we use across all modes of transportation to the systems that protect us when we travel in those systems; we rely on information infrastructures. These interdependencies will increase rapidly in coming years. For instance, the European SESAR programme and the US NextGen initiative are using computational systems to increase the efficiency and maintain the safety of air traffic management with increasing numbers of flights. Similarly, a range of ‘smart grid’ initiatives depend upon computational infrastructures to coordinate the supply and demand of renewable and conventional power sources. The benefits that are provided by telecommunications and information technologies also creates new vulnerabilities, for instance, it is increasingly difficult for national critical infrastructures to recover and reorganise their service provision in the aftermath of computational failures. It is for these reasons that this chapter proposes a telecoms inclusion principle. This states that it order to assess the resilience of any national critical infrastructure we must consider the failure modes and resilience capabilities of telecommunications infrastructures. A consequence of this principle is that the failure of telecommunications infrastructures must be considered in all contingency plans, in drills and exercises, as well as the recovery strategies that are used to mitigate the consequences of an adverse event.
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Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza, and Andrea Pimenta Ambrozevicius. "Government initiative and policies on water conservation and wastewater treatment in Brazil." In Water Conservation and Wastewater Treatment in BRICS Nations, 215–31. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818339-7.00010-2.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "National Water Initiative"
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Yonebayashi, Hideharu. "Synergistic Cooperation with Energy Transition Initiatives of Oil Producing Countries and NOC from IOC Standpoint." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209680-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Decarbonizing initiatives are being advanced in the energy sector: not only international oil companies (IOC) and oil consuming nations but also national oil companies (NOC) and oil producing countries. The recent net zero initiatives, declared by several gulf coast countries (GCC), are expected accelerating the progress towards the decarbonized society. The study focuses on the UAE's decarbonization strategy, as a case example, because of the first country releasing the net zero initiative with the most concrete approaches among the GCCs. Each approach of the NOC, aligned with the national initiative, are carefully investigated to give a comprehensive perspective of the strategic grand design. This can bring us an insight of how each piece interacts with others and finally leads to having cooperative ideas from the IOC's viewpoints for achieving the NOC/IOC-common objective of net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emission society. As a NOC's approach, an electrification of oil fields can reduce CO2 emission with valualizing lower carbon intensity oil. To enhance the effort, IOC can support the future market trading low carbon intensity products as offtaker. From the aspect of expanding the existing technologies, CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can contribute not only reducing CO2 emission and/or carbon credit trading but also producing clean energy such as ammonia and/or hydrogen, too. To improve CO2 EOR project values, the IOC can provide an advanced CO2 mobility control technology. The study discusses further win-win cooperative potentials such as other CO2 intensity lowering technologies (ex. water shut off, production chemical optimization) and another opportunity of decarbonization (ex. CO2-methanation).
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Doudican, Brad, Wyatt Elbin, and Bethany Huelskamp. "Lead From Behind: Enabling Partnerships to Bring Clean Water to Caliche, Honduras." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The common model for engineers’ engagement in philanthropic development work is to find a community with a technical need, design the solution, raise funds for the solution, construct the solution, and hand the solution over to the community. While this approach has yielded many completed projects around the world, there are limits to the efficacy, sustainability, and long-term enabling potential to this approach. The Dayton Service Engineering Collaborative, or DSEC, takes an alternative approach to philanthropic community development which is demonstrated via a case study in bringing clean water for drinking and agricultural purposes to Caliche, Honduras. Caliche, an impoverished village of approximately 350 people located in central Honduras, had access to a mountain spring as a source of water until a 2009 earthquake sent the spring’s flow underground. As of late 2011, the village did not have a clean source of drinking water, utilizing collected rainwater and surface water ponds for all of their water needs. Waterborne illness and malady was prevalent, with severe consequences to the young and the elderly. After a survey of the geography, the resources of the local people, and partner institutions, a community-scale biosand filtration system with requisite delivery structures was proposed, accepted, and brought to design fruition. Design and implementation of a solution to the technical problem of water delivery and treatment, while rigorous and complex, is not out of the realm of practice for technical groups working in communities such as Caliche. The innovation in this project, however, was the “lead from behind” approach in the context of a best practice called asset-based community development. A multi-partner initiative led first and foremost by the community leadership, and through local institutions and power structures, was managed from distance. In addition to DSEC, partners in this project included a multi-national non-governmental organization (NGO), a financial investor, the Honduran government, several missionaries, the Caliche Water Council, a local landowner, the Caliche leadership known as the Patronado, and the local church. DSEC provided technical leadership and project oversight, ensuring that not only were the technical obstacles overcome, but that the community and local authorities were empowered to tackle future development projects with independent vision. It is through this enabling approach that impact beyond the immediate project is attained, and where DSEC believes the leadership potential of the engineer is fully realized.
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Schmaltz, Kevin. "ASME Open Source Project: Prototype Re-Design and Conclusion of a Human Powered Water Purification Device." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Western Kentucky University Mechanical Engineering program partnered with ASME to host an Open Source student design project to develop a prototype water purification device in 2008. The project was funded by an ASME grant and is part of a continuing initiative by ASME to extend the relevance of their annual Student Design Competitions (SDC) and link student projects to societal concerns. The Open Source Project extended the 2007 SDC which required students to design and construct human-powered devices to purify water. The design challenge was inspired by Hurricane Katrina-like temporary disasters, but also addresses one of the National Academy of Engineering’s Grand Challenges for Engineering: provide access to clean water. Affordable and practical solutions are needed to provide drinkable water to people who do not have the equipment, power or other resources necessary to assure safe water supplies. During the spring and early summer of 2008, five students from various SDC teams qualifying for the 2007 SDC finals used their competition experience to develop a new design for a human powered water purification system. Team members were distributed at universities from Sweden to Venezuela to New Mexico, and therefore interacted via internet and teleconferences to refine the design. Ongoing work was posted to the ASME website, allowing people external to the team a chance to critique or contribute to the design. The team met at WKU in May to construct and test a prototype of the design. The initial prototype was able to purify water at 10 times the rate of any SDC devices, using a combination of passive sand filtration, solar heat collection and mechanical friction heating. While this was a marked improvement, the reality is that the human effort to purify this water is still excessive. The second generation prototype was completed by faculty, staff and students at WKU during the 2009 summer with the information learned and experiences gained from the initial prototype of the distributed team. This paper will discuss the evolution of the project design from the SDC to through the second prototype and the impact of the open source approach to the design process. The project represents ASME’s first attempt at executing an “Open Source” project, providing a forum for mechanical engineers around the world to contribute to solutions of critical social, economic and environmental problems. If the final design proves technically feasible, the Open Source team will seek support from the ASME Center for Engineering Entrepreneurship and Innovation to commercialize the design.
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Mallawaarachchi, H., Y. G. Sandanayake, G. Karunasena, and C. Liu. "Beyond the reuse: Potentials and barriers for exchanging treated wastewater among the industries in Sri Lanka." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A major drawback in the present industrial system is that the industries are directly discharging industrial effluent to nearest waterbodies in a linear way. Even though, a few of industries have considered reusing treated and untreated wastewater in their industrial premises, it can be further extended towards ‘exchange’ among the multiple industries under the concept of Industrial Symbiosis (IS). Initiating IS-based treated wastewater exchange networks is a novel approach to Sri Lankan industries and there is a lack of a study on potentials and barriers of implementing the concept. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the potentials and barriers for exchanging treated wastewater among industries. In order to achieve the aim, 16 semi-structed interviews were conducted with industry experts in the field of Industrial Water Management (IWM) to collect the data. Code-based content analysis technique was used to analyse the data by applying QSR NVivo.12 software. Findings revealed geographical proximity of industries, willingness of industries to engage in water exchange and industry level water management initiatives as major potentials for initiating water exchange networks. Lack of expected water quality for industrial needs, outdated technologies used in water management and lack of expertise and awareness were identified as major barriers. Accordingly, strategies, such as introducing national policy enhancements, ensuring cultural adaptation, enhancing technology & infrastructure, and empowering research & development, were proposed to overcome the identified barriers to ensure a successful implementation of treated wastewater exchange networks targeting the socioeconomic development of the country.
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Oh, Chang H., and Richard L. Moore. "Parametric Investigation of Brayton Cycle for High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56576.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has investigated a Brayton cycle efficiency improvement on a high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) as part of Generation-IV nuclear engineering research initiative. In this study, we are investigating helium Brayton cycles for the secondary side of an indirect energy conversion system. Ultimately we will investigate the improvement of the Brayton cycle using other fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide. Prior to the cycle improvement study, we established a number of baseline cases for the helium indirect Brayton cycle. The baseline cases are based on a 250 MW thermal pebble bed HTGR. In this study, we used the HYSYS computer code for optimization of the helium Brayton cycle and the balance of plant (BOP). In addition to the HYSYS process optimization, we performed parametric study to see the effect of important parameters on the cycle efficiency. For these parametric calculations, we also used a cycle efficiency model that was developed using the Visual Basic computer language. The results from this study are applicable to other reactor concepts such as a very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR), fast gas-cooled reactor (FGR), supercritical water reactor (SWR), and others. As part of this study we are currently investigated single-shaft vs. multiple shaft arrangement for cycle efficiency and comparison, which will be published in the next paper. The ultimate goal of this study is to use supercritical carbon dioxide for the HTGR power conversion loop in order to improve the cycle efficiency to values great than that of the helium Brayton cycle. This paper includes preliminary calculations of the steady state overall Brayton cycle efficiency based on the pebble bed reactor reference design (helium used as the working fluid) and compares those results with an initial calculation of a CO2 Brayton cycle.
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Aranha, Pedro Esteves, Eduardo Schnitzler, Nelson Moreira, Luis Eduardo Duccini, André Leibsohn Martins, Alexandre Brambilla Falchetto, and Jorel Lopes Dos Anjos. "Field Life Extension: Real Time Well Integrity Management." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31816-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article aims to present the evolution of well design and well integrity monitoring throughout their life cycle and life extension analysis. The motivation comes from the need to make a decision to extend the life of wells, accounting both for Green and Brown Fields. PETROBRAS design practices were updated to meet the Well Integrity National Regulatory requirements and to support the life extension analysis. In order to assess the well integrity during production lifetime, a Digital Twin of the well was developed and is capable of modelling the physics of permanent and transient fluid flow and corresponding behavior of trapped annuli with thermo-structural coupling to the mechanical structure. Also, as part of the monitoring process, additional information will be provided by new sensors to be installed in the A and B annuli, aiming to improve monitoring capability. This paper will present the results of the new well design and life extension analysis practices for retrofit projects. Besides that, a discussion on new challenging scenarios faced by the company is included. The well integrity case study of a deep-water field in Brazilian offshore, through a real time digital twin approach, will highlight the main technological solutions developed to ensure well operation within the envelope during its lifetime. The adoption of this strategy allows the optimization of procedures with the goal of maximizing production or injection rates, still according to safety requirements. The availability of additional annuli sensors can improve the system capability. With the well integrity surveillance digital twin, PETROBRAS successfully implemented a unique monitoring integrity system for offshore production units in Brazil, increasing the understanding of the well structure behavior and, consequentially, the assets operational safety during its lifetime. In addition, this initiative aims to push the industry towards the development of wet X-mas tree according to API RP 17V requirements.
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Aranha, Pedro Esteves, Eduardo Schnitzler, Nelson Moreira, Luis Eduardo Duccini, André Leibsohn Martins, Alexandre Brambilla Falchetto, and Jorel Lopes Dos Anjos. "Field Life Extension: Real Time Well Integrity Management." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31816-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article aims to present the evolution of well design and well integrity monitoring throughout their life cycle and life extension analysis. The motivation comes from the need to make a decision to extend the life of wells, accounting both for Green and Brown Fields. PETROBRAS design practices were updated to meet the Well Integrity National Regulatory requirements and to support the life extension analysis. In order to assess the well integrity during production lifetime, a Digital Twin of the well was developed and is capable of modelling the physics of permanent and transient fluid flow and corresponding behavior of trapped annuli with thermo-structural coupling to the mechanical structure. Also, as part of the monitoring process, additional information will be provided by new sensors to be installed in the A and B annuli, aiming to improve monitoring capability. This paper will present the results of the new well design and life extension analysis practices for retrofit projects. Besides that, a discussion on new challenging scenarios faced by the company is included. The well integrity case study of a deep-water field in Brazilian offshore, through a real time digital twin approach, will highlight the main technological solutions developed to ensure well operation within the envelope during its lifetime. The adoption of this strategy allows the optimization of procedures with the goal of maximizing production or injection rates, still according to safety requirements. The availability of additional annuli sensors can improve the system capability. With the well integrity surveillance digital twin, PETROBRAS successfully implemented a unique monitoring integrity system for offshore production units in Brazil, increasing the understanding of the well structure behavior and, consequentially, the assets operational safety during its lifetime. In addition, this initiative aims to push the industry towards the development of wet X-mas tree according to API RP 17V requirements.
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Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.
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Keim, Elisabeth, Reinhard Langer, Hilmar Schnabel, and Hieronymus Hein. "Crack Initiation and Arrest of Irradiated RPV-Steels: A National Project on German RPV Weld and Base Materials." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Germany the procedure which has to be applied for the safety assessment of the reactor pressure vessel is based on the RTNDT concept. The Master Curve concept (based on T0) has the advantage compared to the RTNDT concept that the basic tests are fracture toughness tests instead of Charpy impact energy or Pellini tests. By means of the recently initiated German project CARISMA (Crack Initiation and Arrest of Irradiated Steel Materials), a data base will be created on pre-irradiated original materials of the four generations of German nuclear pressurized water reactors, which allows to examine the consequences if the Master Curve instead of the RTNDT concept will be applied.
10
Karunathilaka, R. W. I. S., H. Mallawaarachchi, and R. M. D. I. M. Rathnayake. "HYDROFLUOROCARBON (HFC) MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LOW CARBON INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES: MILK PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN SRI LANKA." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.29.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Milk processing industry consumes hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) at a great extent. Emission of HFC distresses the food security, water security and the future of healthy living beings. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to propose strategies to improve the HFC management practices in Sri Lankan milk processing industry. Case study method was involved under qualitative phenomenon. Thus, three case studies were selected based on the HFC handling process. Nine milk processing agencies representing three importers and distributors, three milk processors and three service providers were selected to collect the data. Case analysis technique was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that, lack of institutional and national level procedures, unstable governmental policies, and lack of technology have increased the unhealthy handling of HFC in milk processing industry in Sri Lanka. Initiating a national level mechanism for governing HFC importers and service providers, empowering inventers for creating sustainable applications over HFC use and improving awareness were identified as key strategies to eliminate the identified issues under organisational and national level. Accordingly, a framework was proposed, which provides a platform to investigate the status of HFC handling procedure of milk processing industry in Sri Lanka. Since there is a lack of national level concern on managing HFC use in milk processing industry, having a formal framework at national level to govern both national and institutional level procedures was determined as a vital step forward to be considered.
Звіти організацій з теми "National Water Initiative"
1
Tiefenthaler, Brigitte. Evaluierung der Nationalen Vernetzungsplattformen des BMBWF. Technopolis Group - Austria, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.507.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As part of the initiative "Strategic Networking Platforms in the Context of Major Societal Challenges", the BMBWF funded four networking platforms, starting in mid-2016: - Network Ageing - Ageing and Demographic Change as Challenge and Opportunity". - National networking platform for personalised medicine (ÖPPM) - National networking platform for "Sustainable Water Systems - National Networking Platform for "European and International Climate Agendas The three-year funding periods of these networking platforms will end in 2020 at the latest. Therefore, the EU and OECD Research Policy Division (Division V) responsible for the networking platforms OECD Research Policy (Department V/5) of the BMBWF commissioned Technopolis Group Austria to evaluate the National Networking Platforms of the BMBWF. The aim was to analyse what has been achieved so far and, on this basis, to develop recommendations for future work, both individually for each funded networking platform and for the design and management of the platform initiative itself by the BMBWF - with regard to the latter, the four funded networking platforms serve as pilot projects.
2
Mehrotra, Santosh. Monitoring India’s National Sanitation Campaign (2014–2020). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2011, India had more phone users (around 54 per cent of households) and television access (33 per cent) in rural areas than people with access to tap water (31 per cent) and toilet facilities (31 per cent), according to Census 2011. This clearly indicates the failure of government programmes to change the centuries-old practice of defecation in the open. This neglect of safe sanitation has had catastrophic outcomes in terms of human well-being. This case study is an analysis of the latest central government Swachch Bharat Mission - Gramin (Clean India Mission - Rural) (or SBM-G), which has achieved much greater success than any hitherto government effort in providing access to and use of toilets, especially in rural areas where the need is greatest. However, any conception of achieving ODF status, or free of open defecation, in a village (or any limited geography) is more than merely building toilets. The Sanitation Learning Hub commissioned case studies of sanitation campaigns in both India and Nepal, drawing out the lessons learnt for other countries wishing to implement similar initiatives. Both case studies focus on how target setting and feedback and reporting mechanisms can be used to increase the quality of campaigns.
3
Ozano, Kim, Andrew Roby, and Jacob Tompkins. Learning Journey on Water Security: UK Water Offer. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The overarching goals for the UK in relation to global water security are to; tackle and reverse growing water insecurity and its consequences caused by depletion and degradation of natural water sources; and address poor water management and increasing demand. To do this, the UK has a well-developed water ‘offer’ that together can help reach the goal of global water security. This note details some of that water offer: UK water leadership: The UK developed the concept of modern sanitation and water supply, with an early example being the Victorian Bazalgette London sewer; Ownership and regulation: The UK has four models of ownership: government department in Northern Ireland, GoCo in Scotland, Mutual in Wales, and private companies in England. But the common thread is strong and clear, regulation to deliver the right outcomes for society; Competition and markets: The UK set up the world’s first water retail markets for business customers, delivering savings and environmental benefits. Similar market mechanisms are being developed for sewage sludge, which will help drive circular economy solutions; Innovation: The UK has a huge number of water tech start-ups and most water companies have labs and pilot schemes to support these fledgling companies. At the same time, the English regulator, Ofwat, has established a huge innovation fund, which along with the Scottish Hydro Nation initiative has made the UK the best place in the world for water innovation and tech.
4
Poelina, Anne, J. Alexander, N. Samnakay, and I. Perdrisat. A Conservation and Management Plan for the National Heritage Listed Fitzroy River Catchment Estate (No. 1). Edited by A. Hayes and K. S. Taylor. Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council; Nulungu Research Institute, The University of Notre Dame Australia., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/nrp/2020.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council (Martuwarra Council) has prepared this document to engage widely and to articulate its ambitions and obligations to First Law, customary law and their guardianship authority and fiduciary duty to protect the Martuwarra’s natural and cultural heritage. This document outlines a strategic approach to Heritage Conservation and Management Planning, communicating to a wide audience, the planning principles, key initiatives, and aspirations of the Martuwarra Traditional Owners to protect their culture, identity and deep connection to living waters and land. Finer granularity of action items required to give effect to this Conservation and Management Plan for the National Heritage Listed Fitzroy River Catchment Estate are outlined in section 7 and which will be more fully explored by the Martuwarra Council in the coming months and years.