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Статті в журналах з теми "Mycorrhizas Physiology"

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Jones, Melanie D., and Sally E. Smith. "Exploring functional definitions of mycorrhizas: Are mycorrhizas always mutualisms?" Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1089–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-110.

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Mycorrhizas are considered to be classic mutualisms. Here, we define mutualism as a reciprocal increase in fitness of the symbionts, and we review the evidence for mycorrhizal mutualism at the community, whole-plant, and cellular scales. It is difficult to use results of most mycorrhizal studies because (i) fungal contribution to nutrient uptake is not accurately estimated, (ii) increased growth is not necessarily correlated with increased plant fecundity or survival, especially in communities, and (iii) benefits that occur only at certain times of year, or under specific extreme conditions, may not be detected. To produce the nonmycorrhizal controls required to study mutualism in the field, soil microflora and fauna must be severely perturbed; therefore, it is virtually impossible to evaluate effects of mycorrhizas on plant fitness under realistic conditions. Using the evidence available, we conclude that mycorrhizas can occupy various positions along the continuum from parasitism to mutualism, depending on the specific plant and fungal genotypes and their abiotic and biotic environments. Although we discuss the possibility of defining mycorrhizas by some physiological characteristic, we conclude that mycorrhizas should be defined on a structural or developmental basis and that any requirement to demonstrate mutualism be eliminated.Key words: mycorrhiza, mutualism, parasitism, physiology, fitness, community.
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Farias-Larios, J., S. Guzman-Gonzalez, and A. Michel-Rosales. "The Advances in the Study on Mycorrhizas of Fruit Trees in Dry Tropics of Mexico." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 684c—684. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.684c.

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The productivity of marginal soils frequently found in the arid tropics might be improved by using VAM fungi as “biofertilizer” and as a tool of sustainable agricultural systems. Study of mycorrhizas of fruit trees was performed in 1987 in western Mexico. More progress has been made in resources, taxonomy, anatomy and morphology, physiology, ecology, effects, and application of mycorrhizas in fruit trees and ornamental plants production. Currently, five genera has been identified and inoculated plants showed significant difference in respect to plants not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Citrus trees were highly dependent on mycorrhizae for normal growth and development, while the banana plants showed lower levels of root colonization by different strains of VAM fungi. The added endomycorrhizal inoculum significantly increased root fungal colonization in fruit trees and reduce the time in nursery. The current status and research trends in the study of fruit tree mycorrhizas in western Mexico are introduced, and the application prospects in sustainable agriculture also are discussed.
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Doré, Jeanne, Roland Marmeisse, Jean-Philippe Combier, and Gilles Gay. "A Fungal Conserved Gene from the Basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum Is Essential for Efficient Ectomycorrhiza Formation." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 27, no. 10 (October 2014): 1059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-03-14-0087-r.

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We used Agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis to identify genes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum that are essential for efficient mycorrhiza formation. One of the mutants presented a dramatically reduced ability to form ectomycorrhizas when grown in the presence of Pinus pinaster. It failed to form mycorrhizas in the presence of glucose at 0.5 g liter–1, a condition favorable for mycorrhiza formation by the wild-type strain. However, it formed few mycorrhizas when glucose was replaced by fructose or when glucose concentration was increased to 1 g liter–1. Scanning electron microscopy examination of these mycorrhizas revealed that this mutant was unable to differentiate true fungal sheath and Hartig net. Molecular analyses showed that the single-copy disrupting T-DNA was integrated 6,884 bp downstream from the start codon, of an open reading frame potentially encoding a 3,096-amino-acid-long protein. This gene, which we named HcMycE1, has orthologs in numerous fungi as well as different other eukaryotic microorganisms. RNAi inactivation of HcMycE1 in the wild-type strain also led to a mycorrhizal defect, demonstrating that the nonmycorrhizal phenotype of the mutant was due to mutagenic T-DNA integration in HcMycE1. In the wild-type strain colonizing P. pinaster roots, HcMycE1 was transiently upregulated before symbiotic structure differentiation. Together with the inability of the mutant to differentiate these structures, this suggests that HcMycE1 plays a crucial role upstream of the fungal sheath and Hartig net differentiation. This study provides the first characterization of a fungal mutant altered in mycorrhizal ability.
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Dodd, John C. "Arbuscular mycorrhizas: physiology and function." Geoderma 104, no. 3-4 (December 2001): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(01)00064-7.

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Smith, Sally. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 33, no. 11 (September 2001): 1575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(01)00097-9.

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Runjin, Liu, Xu Kun, and Liu Pengqi. "The Advances in the Study on Mycorrhizas of Fruit Trees in China." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 886C—886. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.886c.

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The study of mycorrhizas of fruit trees was carried out in the 1980s in China. More progress has been made in resources, taxonomy, anatomy and morphology, physiology, ecology, effects, and application of mycorrhizas in fruit trees. The present status and research trends in the study of fruit tree mycorrhizas in China were introduced, and the application prospects of mycorrhizas in fruit tree cultivation also were discussed.
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Maldonado-Mendoza, Ignacio E., Gary R. Dewbre, and Maria J. Harrison. "A Phosphate Transporter Gene from the Extra-Radical Mycelium of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices Is Regulated in Response to Phosphate in the Environment." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 14, no. 10 (October 2001): 1140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2001.14.10.1140.

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The majority of vascular flowering plants are able to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These symbioses, termed arbuscular mycorrhizas, are mutually beneficial, and the fungus delivers phosphate to the plant while receiving carbon. In these symbioses, phosphate uptake by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is the first step in the process of phosphate transport to the plant. Previously, we cloned a phosphate transporter gene involved in this process. Here, we analyze the expression and regulation of a phosphate transporter gene (GiPT) in the extra-radical mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices during mycorrhizal association with carrot or Medicago truncatula roots. These analyses reveal that GiPT expression is regulated in response to phosphate concentrations in the environment surrounding the extra-radical hyphae and modulated by the overall phosphate status of the mycorrhiza. Phosphate concentrations, typical of those found in the soil solution, result in expression of GiPT. These data imply that G. intraradices can perceive phosphate levels in the external environment but also suggest the presence of an internal phosphate sensing mechanism.
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Rillig, Matthias C., and Daniel L. Mummey. "Mycorrhizas and soil structure." New Phytologist 171, no. 1 (July 2006): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01750.x.

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Selosse, Marc-André. "Are liverworts imitating mycorrhizas?" New Phytologist 165, no. 2 (January 7, 2005): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01298.x.

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Ashford, Anne. "Tubular vacuoles in arbuscular mycorrhizas." New Phytologist 154, no. 3 (June 6, 2002): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00434_2.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Mycorrhizas Physiology"

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Cavagnaro, Timothy R. "Structure and physiology of Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc376.pdf.

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Sims, Karen. "Growth physiology and systematics of some S.E.Asian ectomycorrhizal fungi, with additional reference to isozyme interpretations." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296723.

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Snellgrove, Robert Charles. "Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on the carbon and phosphorus physiology of Allium species." Thesis, Rothamsted Research, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376110.

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Gruhn, Christine Mae. "Effect of a heavy metal on ecto- and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: the physiology, ultrastructure, and ecology of copper stress and tolerance." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54531.

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This work consists of an introduction, six chapters dealing with various aspects of the response of mycorrhizal fungi to copper, and a brief conclusion. The first chapter examines the enzyme tyrosinase in several ectomycorrhizal fungi and shows that its activity is altered in these fungi in response to copper. Polyamines are also examined in this chapter, and it is shown that their levels are altered in some ectomycorrhizal fungi due to copper stress but not in others. The second chapter uses transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate that copper is bound to the hyphae of ectomycorrhizal fungi grown on solid media, but the location of the binding varies between fungal species. In vitro copper tolerances of a number of ectomycorrhizal species are compared in this chapter and differences in tolerance are evident between species and between different isolates of the same species. In the third chapter, four ectomycorrhizal fungi and one nonmycorrhizal fungus are evaluated for their ability to improve the growth of Japanese Red Pine under conditions of copper stress. Improvement of pine seedling growth is not correlated with in vitro copper tolerance of the fungus, but is related to the degree of compatibility between host and fungus. Despite differences in in vitro tolerance between three isolates of the same species, there are no differences in the effect of the isolates on the tree host under conditions of copper stress. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were also inoculated in pairs on pine seedlings and the competitive abilities of the fungi are compared under stressed and nonstressed conditions. The fourth chapter discusses the results of inoculation of pine with a nonhost fungus which stimulates dichotomous branching of the root system. The compound responsible for the branching is demonstrated to be indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a plant growth hormone. The final two chapters deal with endomycorrhizal fungi. In the first of the two, inoculation of onion with an endomycorrhizal fungus demonstrates that the fungus probably plays no direct role in the response of the plant to heavy metals, based on biomass production, nutrient uptake, and photosynthetic rate. The last chapter demonstrates that the vascular plants found on abandoned mines in Virginia and North Carolina are well colonized by endomycorrhizal fungi; thus, an absence of these fungi is not a reason for the limited natural recolonization of the mine spoils.
Ph. D.
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Kosuta, Sonja A. "Movement of copper from in-ground root control fabrics." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21582.

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Copper hydroxide-treated surfaces are commonly used to control roots in horticultural production systems, although the particulars of Cu movement from the treated surface are largely unknown. The rate and temporal pattern of Cu mobility from in-ground Cu-treated growing baskets, and the fate of this Cu, was studied. In a field experiment involving Acer platanoides, an alternative Cu formulation consisting of Cu metal powder was determined to move slightly more slowly from the basket fabric than Cu(OH)2 over the first season while providing adequate root control. Addition of Glomus intraradices inoculum to the basket system increased the mobility of Cu metal and had no effect on Cu(OH) 2. This suggests that VAM fungi can actively solubilize Cu metal. These results also confirm that the chemistry of the Cu, possibly in addition to the chemistry of the resin, determines Cu movement from the treated surface. The fate of Cu from in-ground baskets planted with Acer jinnala was elucidated in a second field experiment. After one field season, the majority of Cu initially on the basket fabric had been deposited in the soil both in- and outside the basket. While Cu recovered in leachate represented only a tiny fraction of basket Cu, the concentration of Cu in leachate exceeded acceptable limits in the majority of samples. This indicates that the use of Cu(OH) 2-treated baskets in the field may have a negative impact on groundwater quality.
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Ingarfield, Patricia Jean. "Effect of water stress and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the plant growth and antioxidant potential of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis and Pelargonium sidoides DC." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2794.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Pelargoniums have been studied extensively for their medicinal properties. P. reniforme and P. sidoides in particular are proven to possess antimicrobial, antifungal and antibiotic abilities due to their high antioxidant potential from compounds isolated from their tuberous roots. These plants have now been added to the medicine trade market and this is now causing concern for conservationists and they are generally harvested from the wild populations. This study evaluated the effect of water stress alone and in conjunction with arbuscular mycorrhiza on two species of Pelargoniums grown in a soilless medium. The experiment consisted of five different watering regimes which were applied to one hundred plants of each species without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza and to one hundred plants of each species in conjunction with inoculation with AM. All the plants in the experiment were fed with a half-strength, standard Hoagland nutrient solution at varying rates viz. once daily to pot capacity, every three days to pot capacity, every six days to pot capacity, every twelve days to pot capacity and every twenty-four days to pot capacity. The objectives of the study were to measure the nutrient uptake, SPAD-502 levels (chlorophyll production) and metabolite (phenolics) formation of both species, grown under various rates of irrigation and water stress, as well with or without the addition of arbuscular mycorrhiza at planting out. Each treatment consisted of 10 replicates. SPAD-502 levels were measured weekly using a hand held SPAD-502 meter. Determination of nutrient uptake of macronutrients N, K, P, Ca, Mg and Na and micronutrients Cu, Zn, Mn, Al and B were measured from dry plant material at the end of the experiment by Bemlab, 16 Van Der Berg Crescent, Gants Centre, Strand. Plant growth in terms of wet and dry shoot and root weight were measured after harvest. Determination of concentrations of secondary metabolites (phenolic compounds) were assayed and measured spectrophotometrically at the end of the experiment. The highest significant reading of wet shoot weight for P. reniforme was taken in treatments 1 and 2 with and without mycorrhiza i.e. WF1, WF1M, WF2 and WF2M, with the highest mean found in WF1 with no mycorrhiza. This indicates that under high irrigation AM plays no part in plant growth, possibly due to leaching. More research is necessary in this regard. With regard to wet root weight, this was found to be not significant in any of the treatments, other than the longest roots being found in WF4. Measurements for dry root weight showed that WF1,2,3 and 5 were the most significant at P≤ 0.001 significance, with the highest weight found at treatment being WF3 and WF3M. The highest mean of shoot length of the plants was measured in treatment WF2 at moderate watering, but no statistical difference was found with water application and mycorrhiza addition. Nutrient uptake was increased in P. sidoides in all the different watering levels in the experiment except in the uptake of Mg. AM inoculation showed an increase in the uptake of Ca, while absorption of N occurred at higher water availability. K uptake was enhanced by the addition of AM in high water availability and K utilisation decreased as water stress increased. Medium to low watering resulted in higher leaf content in P. sidoides while the interaction between water availability and AM inoculation increased chlorophyll production towards the end of the experiment.
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Lintnaar, Melissa. "The physiological responses of salinity stressed tomato plants to mycorrhizal infection and variation in rhizosphere carbon dioxide concentration." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52002.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This investigation was undertaken to determine whether elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) supplied to plant roots could improve plant growth and alleviate the effects of salinity stress on tomato plants infected with arbuscular mycorrhizae. Lycopersicon esculentum cv. FI44 seedlings were grown in hydroponic culture (pH 5.8) with 0 and 75 mM NaCI and with or without infection with the fungus Glomus mosseae. The root solution was aerated with ambient CO2 (360 ppm) or elevated CO2 ( 5 000 ppm) concentrations. The arbuscular and hypha I components of mycorrhizal infection as well as the percentages total infection were decreased or increased according to the variation in seasons. The plant dry weight of mycorrhizal plants was increased by 30% compared to non-mycorrhizal plants at elevated concentrations of CO2, while the dry weight was decreased by 68% at ambient CO2 concentrations. Elevated CO2 also stimulated the growth of the mycorrhizal fungus. Elevated CO2 increased the plant dry weight and stimulated fungal growth of mycorrhizal plants possibly by the provision of carbon due to the incorporation of HCO)- by PEPc. Plant roots supplied with elevated concentrations of CO2 had a decreased CO2 release rate compared to roots at ambient CO2. This decrease in CO2 release rate at elevated CO2 was due to the increased incorporation of HC03- by PEPc activity. Under conditions of salinity stress plants had a higher ratio of N03-: reduced N in the xylem sap compared to plants supplied with 0 mM NaCI. Under salinity stress conditions, more N03- was transported in the xylem stream possibly because of the production of more organic acids instead of amino acids due to low P conditions under which the plants were grown. The N03· uptake rate of plants increased at elevated concentrations of CO2 in the absence of salinity because the HCO)- could be used for the production of amino acids. In the presence of salinity, carbon was possibly used for the production of organic acids that diverted carbon away from the synthesis of amino acids. It was concluded that mycorrhizas were beneficial for plant growth under conditions of salinity stress provided that there was an additional source of carbon. Arbuscular mycorrhizal infection did not improve the nutrient uptake of hydroponically grown plants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie was die effek van verhoogde konsentrasies opgeloste anorganiese koolstof wat aan plant wortels verskaf is, getoets om te bepaal of dit die groei van plante kan verbeter asook of sout stres verlig kon word in tamatie plante wat met arbuskulêre mikorrhizas geïnfekteer was. Lycorpersicon esculentum cv. FJ44 saailinge was in water kultuur gegroei (pH 5.8) met 0 en 75 mM NaCI asook met of sonder infeksie met die fungus Glomus mosseae. Die plant wortels was bespuit met normale CO2 (360 dele per miljoen (dpm)) sowel as verhoogde CO2 (5 000 dpm) konsentrasies. Die arbuskulere en hife komponente, sowel as die persentasie infeksie was vermeerder of verminder na gelang van die verandering in seisoen. Die plant droë massa van mikorrhiza geïnfekteerde plante by verhoogde CO2 konsentrasies was verhoog met 30% in vergelyking met plante wat nie geïnfekteer was nie, terwyl die droë massa met 68% afgeneem het by gewone CO2 konsentrasies. Verhoogde CO2 konsentrasies het moontlik die plant droë massa en die groei van die fungus verbeter deur koolstof te verskaf as gevolg van die vaslegging van HCO)- deur die werking van PEP karboksilase. Plant wortels wat met verhoogde CO2 konsentrasies bespuit was, het 'n verlaagde CO2 vrystelling getoon in vergelyking met die wortels by normale CO2 vlakke. Die vermindering in CO2 vrystelling van wortels by verhoogde CO2 was die gevolg van die vaslegging van HC03- deur PEPk aktiwiteit. Onder toestande van sout stres, het plante 'n groter hoeveelheid N03- gereduseerde N in die xileemsap bevat in vergelyking met plante wat onder geen sout stres was nie, asook meer NO)- was in die xileemsap vervoer moontlik omdat meer organiese sure geproduseer was ten koste van amino sure. Dit was die moontlike gevolg omdat die plante onder lae P toestande gegroei het. Die tempo van NO.; opname was verhoog onder verhoogde CO2 konsentrasies en in die afwesigheid van sout stres omdat die HCO)- vir die produksie van amino sure gebruik was. In die teenwoordigheid van sout was koolstof moontlik gebruik om organiese sure te vervaardig wat koolstof weggeneem het van die vervaardiging van amino sure. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat mikorrhizas voordelig is vir die groei van plante onder toestande van sout stres mits daar 'n addisionele bron van koolstof teenwoordig is. Arbuskulere mikorrhiza infeksie het 'n geringe invloed gehad op die opname van voedingstowwe van plante wat in waterkultuur gegroei was.
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Amerian, Mohammad Reza. "Effects of VA mycorrhizae and drought on the physiology of maize and bean grown singly and intercropped." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247833.

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Alarcon, Alejandro. "The physiology of mycorrhizal Lolium multiflorum in the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1800.

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Peterson, Kendra Leigh. "Effects of humic acids and soil symbionts on growth, physiology, and productivity of two crop species." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1501187076919492.

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Книги з теми "Mycorrhizas Physiology"

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Koltai, Hinanit, and Yoram Kapulnik. Arbuscular mycorrhizas: Physiology and function. 2nd ed. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, 2010.

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Koltai, Hinanit, and Yoram Kapulnik, eds. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6.

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Kapulnik, Yoram, and David D. Douds, eds. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0776-3.

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1939-, Varma A., ed. Mycorrhiza: State of the art, genetics and molecular biology, eco-function, biotechnology, eco-physiology, structure and systematics. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Varma, Ajit, Ram Prasad, and Narendra Tuteja, eds. Mycorrhiza - Eco-Physiology, Secondary Metabolites, Nanomaterials. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57849-1.

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Kapulnik, Yoram. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology And Function. Springer, 2010.

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(Editor), Y. Kapulnik, and David D. Douds Jr. (Editor), eds. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Springer, 2000.

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Yoram, Kapulnik, and Douds David D, eds. Arbuscular mycorrhizas: Physiology and function. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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Jr, David D. Douds, and Yoram Kapulnik. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Koltai, Hinanit, and Yoram Kapulnik. Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function. Springer, 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "Mycorrhizas Physiology"

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Nehl, David B., and Peter A. McGee. "Ecophysiology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in Cotton." In Physiology of Cotton, 206–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3195-2_19.

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Giovannetti, Manuela, Luciano Avio, and Cristiana Sbrana. "Fungal Spore Germination and Pre-symbiotic Mycelial Growth – Physiological and Genetic Aspects." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 3–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_1.

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Jansa, Jan, and Milan Gryndler. "Biotic Environment of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 209–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_10.

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Ruiz-Lozano, Juan Manuel, and Ricardo Aroca. "Host Response to Osmotic Stresses: Stomatal Behaviour and Water Use Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 239–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_11.

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Turnau, Katarzyna, Przemysław Ryszka, and Grzegorz Wojtczak. "Metal Tolerant Mycorrhizal Plants: A Review from the Perspective on Industrial Waste in Temperate Region." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 257–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_12.

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Estaún, Victoria, Cinta Calvet, and Amèlia Camprubí. "Effect of Differences Among Crop Species and Cultivars on the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 279–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_13.

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Koide, Roger T. "Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Plant Reproduction." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 297–320. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_14.

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Nagahashi, Gerald, David D. Douds, and Yurdagul Ferhatoglu. "Functional Categories of Root Exudate Compounds and their Relevance to AM Fungal Growth." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 33–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_2.

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Genre, Andrea, and Paola Bonfante. "The Making of Symbiotic Cells in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 57–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_3.

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Rochange, Soizic. "Strigolactones and Their Role in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis." In Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, 73–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9489-6_4.

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