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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Musculoskeletal system Effect of estrogen on"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Musculoskeletal system Effect of estrogen on"

Panevin, Taras S., Anastasia O. Bobkova, Andrey E. Karateev, and Evgeniy G. Zotkin. "Endogenous estrogen deficiency and the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain: A review." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 94, no. 5 (June 17, 2022): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2022.05.201490.

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Sexual dimorphism of chronic diseases is a phenomenon determined by differences in the hormonal status of men and women. In this regard, estrogens, which have a complex effect on the body, are of great interest. In particular, estrogens play an important role in the natural control of pain and inflammation. A decrease in estrogen levels associated with menopause or iatrogenic effects (hysterectomy, use of aromotase inhibitors), as well as mutations of genes responsible for the synthesis of structural components of membrane estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2), can significantly reduce the positive effects of these hormones. Deficiency of estrogen can become one of the reasons for the development of serious pathological changes in particular, the formation of chronic pain associated with the pathology of the musculoskeletal system.

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Yoh, Kenta, Kazuhiro Ikeda, Kuniko Horie, and Satoshi Inoue. "Roles of Estrogen, Estrogen Receptors, and Estrogen-Related Receptors in Skeletal Muscle: Regulation of Mitochondrial Function." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031853.

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Estrogen is an essential sex steroid hormone that functions primarily in female reproductive system, as well as in a variety of tissues and organs with pleiotropic effects, such as in cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and musculoskeletal systems. Women with low estrogen, as exemplified by those in postmenopause, are therefore prone to suffer from various disorders, i.e., cardiovascular disease, dementia, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty, and so on. Estrogen regulates the expression of its target genes by binding to its cognate receptors, estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β. Notably, the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) α, β, and γ are originally identified as orphan receptors that share substantial structural homology and common transcriptional targets with ERs. Accumulating evidence suggests that ERs and ERRs play crucial roles in skeletal muscles, such as muscle mass maintenance, muscle exercise physiology, and muscle regeneration. In this article, we review potential regulatory roles of ERs and ERRs in muscle physiology, particularly with regard to mitochondrial function and metabolism.

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Taheri, Mohammad, Hamed Shoorei, Marcel E. Dinger, and Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard. "Perspectives on the Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of Expression and Function of the Estrogen Receptor." Cancers 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082162.

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Estrogen receptors (ERs) comprise several nuclear and membrane-bound receptors with different tissue-specific functions. ERα and ERβ are two nuclear members of this family, whereas G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), ER-X, and Gq-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (Gq-mER) are membrane-bound G protein-coupled proteins. ERα participates in the development and function of several body organs such as the reproductive system, brain, heart and musculoskeletal systems. ERβ has a highly tissue-specific expression pattern, particularly in the female reproductive system, and exerts tumor-suppressive roles in some tissues. Recent studies have revealed functional links between both nuclear and membrane-bound ERs and non-coding RNAs. Several oncogenic lncRNAs and miRNAs have been shown to exert their effects through the modulation of the expression of ERs. Moreover, treatment with estradiol has been shown to alter the malignant behavior of cancer cells through functional axes composed of non-coding RNAs and ERs. The interaction between ERs and non-coding RNAs has functional relevance in several human pathologies associated with estrogen regulation, such as cancers, intervertebral disc degeneration, coronary heart disease and diabetes. In the current review, we summarize scientific literature on the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs on ER-associated signaling and related disorders.

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Londzin, Piotr, Szymon Siudak, Urszula Cegieła, Maria Pytlik, Aleksandra Janas, Arkadiusz Waligóra, and Joanna Folwarczna. "Phloridzin, an Apple Polyphenol, Exerted Unfavorable Effects on Bone and Muscle in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes in Rats." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111701.

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It is believed that apple fruits contain components with health-promoting effects, including some antidiabetic activity. One of the most known apple compounds is phloridzin, a glucoside of phloretin. Phloridzin and phloretin were reported to exert some favorable skeletal effects in estrogen-deficient rats and mice. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of phloridzin on musculoskeletal system in rats with type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The experiments were performed on mature female Wistar rats, divided into control rats (fed a standard laboratory diet), HFD/STZ control rats, and HFD/STZ rats receiving phloridzin (20 or 50 mg/kg/day per os) for four weeks. Serum biochemical parameters, muscle mass and strength, bone mass, density, histomorphometric parameters and mechanical properties were determined. The HFD/STZ rats developed hyperglycemia, with decreases in the muscle mass and strength and profound osteoporotic changes. Phloridzin at 20 mg/kg markedly augmented the unfavorable effects of diabetes on the muscle mass and strength and decreased growth of bones, whereas, at 50 mg/kg, it did not affect most of the investigated musculoskeletal parameters. Results of the study indicate the possibility of unfavorable effects of phloridzin on the musculoskeletal system in conditions of hyperglycemia.

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Smahliuk, L. V., H. V. Voronkova, A. Ye Karasiunok, A. V. Liahovska, and V. I. Smahliuk. "INTERACTION BETWEEN DENTO-MAXILLOFACIAL ANOMALIES AND GENERAL-SOMATIC HUMAN CONDITION (LITERATURE REVIEW)." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.4.2019.08.

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The main task of modern orthodontics is to create a balanced and morphologically stable occlusion in harmony with facial aesthetics and functional adaptation. Over the last decade, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the prevalence of malocclusion, which reaches 80% according to current scientific literature and sometimes it exceeds this percentage. Researchers note a constant and statistically significant correlation between the permanent occlusion pathology and the state of somatic health in adolescence. On the other hand, the interdisciplinary approach is one of the most urgent tasks of modern orthodontics and a constant object of searching for new methods of diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between dento-facial anomalies and somatic pathology. Materials and methods. Literary sources were reviewed on the relationship of malocclusion with the general diseases and the obtained data were analysed. Discussion. The human body is a biological system consisting of interconnected and subordinate elements. The peculiarities of their structure and relations are subordinated to their functioning as part of a single integral mechanism. Most authors note the existence of a direct interconnection between the general somatic pathology and anomalies of the dento-facial system. When analysing the literature data, several major groups of diseases that have the greatest impact on the development of the dento-facial system are clearly distinguished: diseases of the ENT organs, the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine and musculoskeletal systems. At present the scientists have substantiated the concept of commonality of factors that shape both dental status and state of somatic health. An increase in the frequency of dento-facial anomalies and deformations in 1,6-2,3 times is noted in disorder of the musculoskeletal system. In this category of children, deep incisor occlusion, distal occlusion and neutral occlusion with anomalies of individual teeth predominate. In children with scoliosis, 72.9-84.3% of cases are diagnosed with dento-facial anomalies and deformations. The position of the jaws has an effect on the spatial orientation of the head and this in turn affects the position of other structures of the body. Some researchers point to the “anterior” position of the head of patients with dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints associated with the shortening of the extensors of the sternocleidomastoid muscles. Research showed that in 89,3% of cases, children with bronchial asthma have dento-facial anomalies. Adolescence is one of the critical periods of human life, since it is precisely in adolescence that the neuroendocrine system begins to function, and sex hormones which affect the development of many body systems and the formation of reproductive health are produced. Under the action of steroid hormones, an active development of the musculoskeletal system occurs, which is manifested by the acceleration of total body growth and dento-maxillofacial growth. Insufficient secretion of estrogen leads to impaired bone mineralization and may cause abnormalities in the maxillofacial area. Impaired growth and development of the dento-facial system was detected in case of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In juvenile idiopathic arthritis, one third of the patients were examined. The skeletal pathology of the Angle I class, as well as impaired functional state of the TMJ were diagnosed. Thyroid hormone and thyroxin stimulates growth in the sphenoid-occipital synchondrosis, nasal cartilage and the growth of the upper jaw in the area of bone sutures, thereby determining of the size and position of the upper jaw. As a result of a decrease in thyroxin level, there is a delay in craniofacial growth, disproportional development, retroposition of the upper jaw and decrease in the length of the mandible. Thus, the correlation of malocclusion in children and adolescents with common diseases arise. Therefore, the diagnosis, tactics of treatment and prevention of dental anomalies and deformities should be considered in the context of the integrity of the unformed organism of the child, the interdependence of the form and functions of its organs and systems.

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Mikheev, R. K., O. R. Grigoryan, E. V. Sheremetyeva, Yu S. Absatarova, Zh A. Uzhegova, M. O. Chernova, A. N. Kurinova, D. V. Sazonova, L. V. Nikankina, and E. N. Andreeva. "Women’s long-term health and longevity: telomere theory of aging in the management of menopause." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 21, no. 3 (2022): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2022-3-116-121.

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The concept of women’s long-term health and longevity implies maintaining the quality of life, including a discussion of the role of hormone replacement therapy within the ‘therapeutic window’. Aging is a complex multi-step process. It is believed that women begin to experience the effects of aging at the age of 40. The processes of age-related changes in the body are being actively studied these days and include markers, models, systems, but there is no unified concept yet. In recent decades, there has been an increase in life expectancy for women, hence there are more women in menopause, and an increase in the incidence of age-related diseases can be expected. With the onset of menopause and age-related changes, women may experience metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction, disorders of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, musculoskeletal disrders and mental health problems. Over past decades, attention has been paid to cellular markers of aging, and the telomere theory has been most developed. It is associated with shortening of telomeres – the end regions of chromosomes. Many studies in recent years have examined the mechanisms influencing the length of these regions, the activity of the telomerase enzyme, and the processes of reproductive aging associated with this theory. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the possible effect of exogenously administered estrogen on telomere length as part of hormone replacement therapy has been under active consideration. Key words: insulin resistance, menopause, telomeres, telomerase, type 2 diabetes, aging, hormone replacement therapy

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Khashukoeva, A. Z., A. V. Naumov, A. D. Meshkov, and O. V. Rassokhina. "Rheumatoid arthritis of menopause: there are more questions than answers." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 10 (August 12, 2021): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-10-140-146.

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The article is devoted to an urgent issue - rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The symptoms of arthritis appear in women during menopause. Literature data show that it is often during period of poor reproductive function that the disease first manifests itself in women. RA significantly affects the prognosis of women’s life expectancy and quality. The clinical and pathogenetic relationships between autoimmune diseases (one of which is RA) and the features of menopause remain poorly understood and require research. Basically, papers devoted to the problem present epidemiological studies and the study of the relationships between sex hormones levels and inflammatory mediators that are specific to RA.A literature review on the features of the onset and course of rheumatoid arthritis in menopausal women is presented. The most accepted in the literature explanations characterizing the relationship between changes during menopause and RA are arguments about the protective effect of estrogens on the cells of the musculoskeletal system and the ability of estrogens to influence the intensity of inflammation (systemic inflammation of low intensity associated with age). In the case of the development of rheumatoid arthritis in old age, higher levels of IL-6 and lower TNFa are revealed. This fact gives rise to the choice of basic therapy in favor of a humanized monoclonal antibody to the human interleukin-6 receptor - tocilizumab.The review may be of interest to both practising rheumatologists, neurologists, and gynecologists and general practitioners.

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Ho, Ming-Fen, Tim Bongartz, Mohan Liu, Krishna R. Kalari, Paul E. Goss, Lois E. Shepherd, Matthew P. Goetz, et al. "Estrogen, SNP-Dependent Chemokine Expression and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Regulation." Molecular Endocrinology 30, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 382–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2015-1267.

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Abstract We previously reported, on the basis of a genome-wide association study for aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms, that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1A (TCL1A) gene were associated with aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal pain and with estradiol (E2)-induced TCL1A expression. Furthermore, variation in TCL1A expression influenced the downstream expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors. Specifically, the top hit genome-wide association study SNP, rs11849538, created a functional estrogen response element (ERE) that displayed estrogen receptor (ER) binding and increased E2 induction of TCL1A expression only for the variant SNP genotype. In the present study, we pursued mechanisms underlying the E2-SNP-dependent regulation of TCL1A expression and, in parallel, our subsequent observations that SNPs at a distance from EREs can regulate ERα binding and that ER antagonists can reverse phenotypes associated with those SNPs. Specifically, we performed a series of functional genomic studies using a large panel of lymphoblastoid cell lines with dense genomic data that demonstrated that TCL1A SNPs at a distance from EREs can modulate ERα binding and expression of TCL1A as well as the expression of downstream immune mediators. Furthermore, 4-hydroxytamoxifen or fulvestrant could reverse these SNP-genotype effects. Similar results were found for SNPs in the IL17A cytokine and CCR6 chemokine receptor genes. These observations greatly expand our previous results and support the existence of a novel molecular mechanism that contributes to the complex interplay between estrogens and immune systems. They also raise the possibility of the pharmacological manipulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in a SNP genotype-dependent fashion.

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Manzi, Susan, Jorge Sánchez-Guerrero, Joan T. Merrill, Richard Furie, Dafna Gladman, Sandra V. Navarra, Ellen M. Ginzler, et al. "Effects of belimumab, a B lymphocyte stimulator-specific inhibitor, on disease activity across multiple organ domains in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: combined results from two phase III trials." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, no. 11 (May 1, 2012): 1833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200831.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of belimumab versus placebo, plus standard systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) therapy, on organ domain-specific SLE disease activity.MethodsData obtained after 52 weeks of treatment from two phase III trials (BLISS-52 and BLISS-76) comparing belimumab 1 and 10 mg/kg versus placebo, plus standard therapy, in 1684 autoantibody-positive patients were analysed post hoc for changes in British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) and Safety of Estrogens in Lupus National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA–SLEDAI) organ domain scores.ResultsAt baseline, the domains involved in the majority of patients were musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous by both BILAG and SELENA–SLEDAI, and immunological by SELENA–SLEDAI. At 52 weeks, significantly more patients treated with belimumab versus placebo had improvement in BILAG musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous domains (1 and 10 mg/kg), and in SELENA–SLEDAI mucocutaneous (10 mg/kg), musculoskeletal (1 mg/kg) and immunological (1 and 10 mg/kg) domains. Improvement was also observed in other organ systems with a low prevalence (≤16%) at baseline, including the SELENA–SLEDAI vasculitis and central nervous system domains. Significantly fewer patients treated with belimumab versus placebo had worsening in the BILAG haematological domain (1 mg/kg) and in the SELENA–SLEDAI immunological (10 mg/kg), haematological (10 mg/kg) and renal (1 mg/kg) domains.ConclusionsBelimumab treatment improved overall SLE disease activity in the most common musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous organ domains. Less worsening occurred in the haematological, immunological and renal domains.

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Collins, Brittany C., Eija K. Laakkonen, and Dawn A. Lowe. "Aging of the musculoskeletal system: How the loss of estrogen impacts muscle strength." Bone 123 (June 2019): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.033.

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Дисертації з теми "Musculoskeletal system Effect of estrogen on"

Yung, Stephanie C. "The Effect of Robotic Assistance on Human Musculoskeletal System for Reaching Tasks." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10603846.

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Due to the rising number of stroke victims, the demand for reduced cost and effective treatments for recovering patients increases. To offset this need, previous studies introduced robotic assistance to rehabilitation treatments. This study investigates how much robotic assistance affects the patient by analyzing the differences in muscle activity. From the collected experimental data of ten healthy subjects, the results initially inferred that the end position of the reaching movements affected the muscle activity in biceps and triceps only, while the deltoid was not affected. However, after applying ANOVA one-way analyses, robotic assistance was found to have an impact on the deltoid, triceps, and bicep muscles when subjects moved their hands along an indirect trajectory towards nine targets. Meanwhile, only the bicep was affected when subjects moved their arm in a direct path with assistance. Lastly, the impact that the trajectory of the hand movement had on muscle activity was undetermined.

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Maladen, Ryan D. "Effect of stimulation train characteristics on the dynamic performance of human skeletal muscle." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.38 Mb., 57 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435807.

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Kesar, Trisha. "Effect of stimulation frequency and intensity on skeletal muscle fatigue during repetitive electrical stimulation." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.62 Mb., 85 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1430768.

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Shah, Shridhar. "Musculoskeletal simulation of upper extremity motion effect of selective muscle weakness and application to rehabilitation /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 147 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1889099081&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Al, Rowas Sora. "The effect of «In utero» exposure to diethylstilbestrol on the musculoskeletal system of adult mice progeny." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104869.

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Introduction: Developmental exposure to estrogens has been shown to affect the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that environmental exposure to estrogen-like compounds is much higher than originally anticipated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES), a well-known estrogen agonist, on articular cartilage, intervertebral disc (IVD), and bone phenotype. Methods: C57Bl/6 pregnant mice were dosed orally with vehicle (peanut oil) or 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/kg/day of DES on gestational days 11-14. Male and female pups were allowed to mature without further treatment until 3 months of age, when swim and sedentary groups were formed. After euthanasia, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), and trabecular bone area (TBA) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur were measured using a PIXImus Bone Densitometer System (GE Medical Systems). Proteoglycan was measured by the DMMB assay. Histological analysis of proteoglycan was performed with Safranin O staining and degeneration parameters scored. Results The lumbar BMC, was significantly increased in female swims at both the highest and lowest dose of DES, while the femoral BMC was only increased at the highest. The males, on the other hand, showed a decreased BMC at the highest dose of DES for both lumbar and femoral bone. Female swim group had an increased BA at the highest dose of DES while the male swims showed a decreased BA for femoral bone. The TBA showed a similar pattern. Proteoglycan analysis of lumbar IVD's showed a decrease at the lowest doses but a significant increase at the highest doses for both males and females. Histology showed morphological changes of the IVD and articular cartilage for all doses of DES. Conclusion: DES significantly impacted the musculoskeletal system of adult mice. Results suggest that environmental estrogen contaminants might impact developmental lumbar bone growth and mineralization in mice. Further studies measuring the impact of environmental estrogen mimics, such as bisphenol A, are then warranted.
Introduction: Il a été démontré que l'exposition aux estrogènes durant le développement avait un effet direct sur le système musculo-squelettique. De plus, des études récentes ont montré que l'exposition environnementale aux estrogènes et autres substances analogues est bien plus importante que suggéré précédemment. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les effets potentiels du diéthylstilbestrol (DES), un modulateur estrogénique de synthèse du système endocrinien, sur le cartilage articulaire, les disques intervertébraux, ainsi que le phénotype osseux. Méthodologie: Une dose orale de vecteur (huile d'arachides, témoin) ou de 0.1, 1.0 et 10 μg/kg/jour de DES fut administrée à des souris enceintes durant les 11ièmes à 14ièmes journées gestationnelles. Les souris naissantes (mâles et femelles) ont poursuivi un développement normal, sans autre traitement, jusqu'à ce qu'ils atteignent l'âge de 3 mois, stade auquel des groupes de juvéniles nageurs ou sédentaires furent formés. Après euthanasie, la densité minérale osseuse (DMO), le contenu minéral osseux (CMO), l'aire osseuse et l'aire osseuse trabéculaire des vertèbres lombaires et du fémur furent mesurés en utilisant un système de densitomètre osseux PIXImus (GE Medical Systems). Les concentrations de protéoglycans furent déterminées par l'assai au DMMB. Une analyse histologique des protéoglycane fut produite par histologie en utilisant la safranin-O, et les paramètres de dégénération catégorisés et partitionnés. Résultats: Le CMO lombaire était significativemtn plus élevé dans les groupes nageurs femelles aux plus petites et plus hautes doses de DES, comparé au groupe témoin, tandis que le CMO fémoral n'était élevé qu'aux plus hautes doses. Les groupes mâles, par contre, ont présenté une diminution du CMO aux plus hautes et plus basses doses d'exposition au DES pour les os lombaires et fémoraux. Les groupes nageurs femelles ont exhibé une aire osseuse augmentée pour la plus haute dose de DES, tandis que les groupes nageurs mâles montraient une aire osseuse diminuée pour les os fémoraux. Les mesures d'aire osseuse trabéculaire suivaient une tendance similaire. Une baisse du contenu en protéoglycans des disques intervertébraux fut observée aux plus petites doses d'exposition,alors qu'une hausse significative fut observée aux plus hautes doses pour les groupes mâles et femelles. L'analyse histologique démontrait des changements de morphologie des disques intervertébraux et du cartilage articulaire pour toutes les doses de DES. Conclusion: Le DES administré à des souris enceintes affecte le système squeletto-musculaire des souris à naitre jusqu'à l'âge adulte. Ces résultats suggèrent que la pollution environnementale par des substances estrogéniques pourrait avoir un impact sur le développement des os lombaires et la minéralisation chez les souris. De études mesurant l'impact de pseudo-estrogènes présents dans notre environnement immédiat (tels que le Bisphénol A), seraient donc on ne peut plus pertinentes.

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Dahrouj, Ahmad Sami. "The development of a novel system to assess the effect of sudden foot and ankle inversion/supination on the musculoskeletal system." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/dffc0272-143a-41cc-98d2-a00160606e65.

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Ankle sprains are one of the most common type of sports injury. They occur most frequently when the foot is in a supine or inverted position. Recovery from an ankle sprain can take from one and up to 26 weeks depending on the severity of the injury. During that period the individual will be unable to participate in any meaningful sports activity and as such it is important to be able to prevent the occurrence of such injuries. Prevention of ankle sprain injuries would require a better understanding of the risk factors of this injury. Several studies attempted to assess such risk actors by inducing foot inversion or supination however the platforms used in these studies were shown to be limited. Hence the main aim of this project is to develop a system that can be used to assess the effect of sudden foot and ankle inversion/supination on the musculoskeletal system of dynamic subjects (e.g. walking, running, jumping, etc.). For this purpose a three degrees of freedom (DOF) rotating platform has been designed, manufactured and installed in the Institute of Motion Analysis and Research (IMAR) Sports Laboratory. The platform rotates around 3 different axes allowing inversion or supination of the foot and ankle of dynamic subjects. The degree of rotation around each axis can easily be set by the researcher/operator. A strain gauge was used to detect foot strike to the platform. As a safety measure laser emitter/receivers check that the entire foot is on the footplate before the platform rotates. Optical encoders provide essential feedback of rotation angles, speed and acceleration. The necessary software and user interface for controlling the platform were also written and tested. The platform was synchronised with a bilateral four-channel EMG (electromyography) system and a 12 camera Vicon® MX-13 system thus allowing measurement of muscle activity and kinematic data during the supination of the foot. A set of software modules were written to allow automated management and processing of the data generated by the new system. The new system was then implemented in a study to validate it and to assess the role of shoes in ankle sprains. In this study, subjects would walk in three different foot conditions: barefoot, and with two different types of sports shoes, along the walkway of the Sports Laboratory where the platform was fitted. When a subject steps on the embedded platform, it rotates causing the subject's foot to supinate. At the same time, the EMG data from the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles are recorded, along with the kinematics of the subject's whole body. The obtained results demonstrated the validity of the newly developed system. Data from the validation study also revealed increased muscle activity following induced foot supination in shod conditions compared to barefoot. Muscle activity of the rotating platform step was found to be significantly higher than the steps before and after. The platform rotation was also found to have an observable effect on body kinematics. The newly developed system is hoped to help provide a better understanding of the risk factors of ankle sprain injury and how to prevent this injury. The system can be used to help improve the design of current footwear and identify which footwear provides better protection against ankle sprain injury. The system can also be used to assess the effectiveness of different ankle injury rehabilitation schemes and different training programs that aim to reduce ankle sprain injuries. The new system can be utilised to identify individuals who are at risk of sustaining an ankle sprain injury. The system can also be utilised in studies outside the scope of ankle sprain injuries.

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Genes, Nicholas G. "Chondrocyte Adhesion to RGD-bonded Alginate: Effect on Mechanotransduction and Matrix Metabolism: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/89.

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The mechanism of mechanotransduction in chondrocyte matrix metabolism is not well understood, in part because of the density of cartilage and in part because of limitations in in vitroculture systems. Using alginate covalently modified to include the integrin adhesion ligand R-G-D (arginine-glycine-aspartate) represents a unique approach to studying mechanotransduction in that it allows for exploration of the role of integrin adhesion in mediating changes to chondrocyte behavior. The hypothesis of this research was that chondrocytes will form a cytoskeletal adhesion to RGD-alginate mediated integrins, that this attachment will enable chondrocyte sensation of mechanical signals, and this signaling will alter chondrocyte matrix metabolism. The first aim of this research was to characterize chondrocyte attachment to RGD-alginate, and assess the role of substrate mechanics on chondrocyte attachment kinetics and morphology. Secondly, the effect of chondrocyte attachment to RGD-alginate in 3D culture on matrix biosynthesis was assessed, as were changes in substrate mechanics. Finally, this research aimed to determine the metabolic response of chondrocytes to changes in intrinsic and extrinsic mechanics. It was found that the RGD ligand functionalized the alginate scaffold, enabling chondrocytes to sense the mechanical environment. Attachment kinetics, morphology, and proteoglycan metabolism were found to adapt to hydrogel matrix stiffness when an integrin adhesion was present. Externally applied compression was transmitted through this integrin attachment, causing changes in proteoglycan synthesis. Components of media serum were found to modulate the effects of integrin mechanotransduction. These results were obtained by analyzing a novel approach with established techniques, such as the DMB dye assay for sulfated GAG content. The conclusions conform to diverse data from cartilage explant loading and monolayer culture studies, yet were accomplished using one versatile system in a straightforward manner. The potential of this system extends further, into identification of intracellular signaling pathways and extracellular modulation of matrix components. Seeded RGD-alginate is well suited for studying consequences of integrin attachment.

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Smith, Leone. "Computer-related musculoskeletal dysfunction among adolescent school learners in the Cape Metropolitan region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1545.

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Thesis (MScPhysio (Physiotherapy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
INTRODUCTION Computer use has been identified as a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal dysfunction among children and adolescents internationally. Computer exposure has increased in the Western Cape since 2002, with the inception of a project to install computer laboratories in all schools in the province. As musculoskeletal dysfunction experienced during adolescence is predictive of musculoskeletal disorders in adulthood, it is essential to identify all risk and/or associative factors. METHODOLOGY A descriptive study was conducted with the aim to investigate whether the musculoskeletal dysfunction of high school learners in the Cape Metropolitan region was related to their computer use. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 of the study entailed the completion of a new questionnaire, the Computer Usage Questionnaire, by grade 10-12 learners. The learner sample was divided in a computer and a non-computer group depending on their exposure to the school computer. Phase 2 of the study involved the assessment of the ergonomic design of the computer laboratories at randomly selected high schools within the Cape Metropolitan region. RESULTS A total of 1073 learners (65% girls & 35% boys), aged 14-18 years, completed the CUQ in phase 1 of the study. The results indicated that learners in the computer group had greater weekly exposure to computers than the non-computer group. The prevalence of musculoskeletal dysfunction among this learner sample was 74%. The most common body areas of dysfunction were the head, low back and neck. The female gender, playing sport and using the school computer for more than three years were associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction. Weekly computer use of more than seven hours was predictive of general musculoskeletal dysfunction, low back pain and neck pain. Twenty nine computer laboratories within 16 selected high schools were assessed by means of the Computer Workstation Design Assessment (CWDA). Out of a total score of 40, the computer laboratories obtained average scores of less than 45%, indicating compliance with less than half of the standard ergonomic requirements. The average scores for the workspace environment was less than 40%. The design of the desk, chair and computer screen had the poorest compliance to ergonomic guidelines. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The prevalence of musculoskeletal dysfunction among this sample was higher than among other similar samples on the same study topic. The higher prevalence may be attributed to the poor ergonomic design of the computer laboratories in the Cape Metropolitan region. Learners’ reduced participation in activities such as sport and working on a computer due to their musculoskeletal dysfunction, may impact on their choice of a future career. The tendency of learners not to seek medical advice for their musculoskeletal dysfunction may predispose the development of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Education of related parties on safe computing habits as well as advice on the ergonomic design of computer laboratories is recommended to prevent the progression of adolescent musculoskeletal dysfunction into chronic disorders in adulthood.

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Akinci, Yasin. "Effect Of Visual, Verbal, Visual+ Verbal Feedback On Learning Of Dribbling And Lay Up Skill." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605691/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study was to examine how different feedback conditions effect the skill learning in basketball. Two task were selected and participants were randomly grouped and assigned to the verbal, visual + verbal, and visual feedback groups. In task one, a continuos skill of basketball, dribbling and in task two a discrete skill of basketball lay up skill were used. Two experts evaluated performances of the participants. In the study first a pre test applied to the subjects to form the groups than a day later subjects performed both task 15 times (5 trails in 3 sets) and get relevant feedback after every 5 trails for three consequent days. 72 hours later a retention test was applied to the subjects to test learning. A 3 ´
2 (Group ´
Condition) ANOVA was used to calculate the differences between the groups in the pre test and post test conditions. The results indicated no significant difference between the groups for the two skills in the pre test but the post-test results indicated significant difference among the verbal to visual + verbal group, visual to visual + verbal group and verbal and visual group. The total difference scores of the groups were also significant where visual + verbal condition indicated the highest improvement whereas the visual condition indicated the least improvement in the two selected basketball skills. The study indicated that the verbal feedback for novice group caused better improvement and retention of the dribbling and lay-up basketball skills compared to the visual feedback group. This watermark does not appear in the registered version -

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Schabort, Elske Jeanne. "The effect of TGF-[beta] isoforms on progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation into cardiac and skeletal muscle /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1295.

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Книги з теми "Musculoskeletal system Effect of estrogen on"

Interdisciplinary Workshop (1st 1996 Tübingen, Germany). Sex steroids and the cardiovascular system: The proceedings of the 1st Interdisciplinary Workshop, Tuebingen, Germany, October 1996. New York: Parthenon Pub., 1998.

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Jean, Ginsburg, Lippert T. H, and Mueck A. O, eds. Sex steroids and the cardiovascular system: The proceedings of the 1st Interdisciplinary Workshop, Tubingen, Germany, October 1996. New York: Parthenon Pub., 1997.

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Leon, Bradlow H., Carruba Giuseppe, and New York Academy of Sciences, eds. Estrogens and human diseases. Boston: Blackwell Pub. on behalf of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006.

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M, Forte Trudy, ed. Hormonal, metabolic, and cellular influences on cardiovascular disease in women. Armonk, NY: Futura Pub., 1997.

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Rasgon, Natalie L. Effects of Estrogen on Brain Function. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

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L, Rasgon Natalie, ed. The effects of estrogen on brain function. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

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The effects of estrogen on brain function. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

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H, Fitts R., ed. Effect of hindlimb unloading on rat soleus fiber force, stiffness and calcium sensitivity. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1997.

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H, Fitts R., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Effect of hindlimb unloading on rat soleus fiber force, stiffness and calcium sensitivity. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Lawler, John M. Free radical related biochemical alterations in locomotor and respiratory muscles following acute exercise in young adult and senescent female Fischer-344 rats. 1991.

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Частини книг з теми "Musculoskeletal system Effect of estrogen on"

Santoro, Nanette F., and Peter Kovacs. "SERMs’ Effect on the Neuroendocrine System and the Reproductive Organs." In Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, 191–206. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-157-2_10.

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Okazaki, T., T. Yonezawa, T. Onomura, M. Abe, T. Goto, K. Sano, and M. Nakai. "Bactericidal Effect of Argon Laser Irradiation with Dyes." In Lasers in the Musculoskeletal System, 65–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56420-8_9.

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Sahu, Padmini, Bikesh Kumar Singh, and Neelamshobha Nirala. "Effect of Various Standing Poses of Yoga on the Musculoskeletal System Using EMG." In Computer-aided Design and Diagnosis Methods for Biomedical Applications, 89–112. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003121152-4.

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"Musculoskeletal system." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Medical Sciences, edited by Jade Chow, John Patterson, Kathy Boursicot, and David Sales. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199605071.003.0020.

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The functions of the musculoskeletal system are to protect internal organs, to provide support, and to enable locomotion and movement. In addition, bone is the store of calcium in the body, and thereby plays a role in calcium homeostasis. Muscles, through contractions and their origins from, and insertions on to, specific points of bony surfaces, exert particular actions. In turn, each muscle has its own innervation by specific nerves and its own blood supply. Understanding the actions of muscles depends on knowing the names of muscles and their locations, origins, and insertions. Knowing the nerve and blood supply of the muscles helps one work out logically the effect of weakness or lack of action of the muscles following damage to their innervation or blood supply. Knowing the names of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels allows one to communicate effectively with other healthcare colleagues. But such knowledge in itself is insufficient, and learning the function of specific muscles is important, as is familiarity with the causes and consequences of their lack of function. The questions in this chapter start with basic knowledge that provides the groundwork of future learning, and then progress to test applied knowledge using clinical scenarios. We hope that this approach will not only emphasize the structure–function relationship of the complex components of the musculoskeletal system, but will also help students realize the clinical importance of learning seemingly long and tedious names and make the learning more interesting. It is customary to include the skin with the musculoskeletal system because of its close association with muscles, bones, and joints which together produce the surface landmarks of the body. The skin’s functions include protection, prevention of water loss, and thermoregulation.

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Calleja-Agius, Jean, and Mark P. Brincat. "The Effect of Menopause on the Musculoskeletal System." In Managing the Menopause, 124–34. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108869102.014.

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Mar, Winnie A. "Medication-Induced Musculoskeletal Changes." In Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 2, edited by Mihra S. Taljanovic and Tyson S. Chadaz, 322–26. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938178.003.0118.

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Chapter 117 discusses common medication-induced changes of the musculoskeletal system. The effect of corticosteroids on the musculoskeletal system, including osteoporosis and osteonecrosis, is discussed. Corticosteroids decrease osteoblastic activity, stimulate bone resorption, and decrease intestinal absorption of calcium. Complications of bisphosphonate therapy such as atypical femoral fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw are reviewed. Myopathies and tendon pathologies are briefly discussed, as well as bony changes potentially seen with long-term voriconazole treatment. For osteoporosis, DXA scan is the gold standard, whereas radiography is usually the first imaging modality performed in patients on voriconazole therapy who present with pain.

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Malik Aubead, Nassrin. "Role of Sex Hormones in Human Body." In Reproductive Hormones. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95778.

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Gonadal Steroids hormones play an important role in the reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Estrogen has important rule in cardiovascular system as it has vasodilator effect and reduces or prevents platelet activation. In addition, it improves the profile of circulating lipoproteins. All of which may explain why women at premenopausal age are less likely to have heart disease than menopause women or men. E2 play a grate effect on the skeletal system as it is one of the strongest regulators of osteoblast and osteoclast function, and it is responsible for the reduction of adipose tissue and regulation of the body weight, and also has dermatological effect,hence it stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes and prevents their apoptosis, in addition to the progesterone which increases collagen synthesis. Estrogen is necessary for the functioning and integrity of the tissues of the urinary system specially of the lower urinary tract. Sex steroid are crucial for nervous system, as progesterone is important for production of neurosteroid, and estrogen is currently used in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease because of its effects on mental health. The androgens also have a crucial biological effects on neural, muscle, bone, adipose tissue,prostate, cardiovascular, haemopoietic, and the reproductive systems. The gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in immune system and regulating the immune response against different viral or bacterial infections.

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Aw, Tar-Ching. "Vibration." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Jon G. Ayres, 1673–76. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0203.

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Various occupations can lead to exposure to vibration, which can be transmitted to the whole body or localized to the hands. The main clinical effect of whole-body vibration exposure is low back pain. Effects from hand-transmitted vibration can be (1) vascular, with manifestations of secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon; (2) neurological, often presenting as paraesthesia and reduced sensory perception; and (3) musculoskeletal, including reduced grip strength and loss of manual dexterity. In tropical countries, as opposed to temperate climates, the clinical manifestations are predominantly neurological and musculoskeletal, instead of vascular. Management requires exclusion of differential diagnoses, and the identification and reduction of exposure to vibration at source. Diagnosis of an index case should prompt further investigation and where possible, modification of the system of work to prevent other cases from occurring.

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Brosche, Justus, Hannes Wackerle, Peter Augat, and Hermann Lödding. "A Learning Assistance System for the Ergonomic Behavioural Prevention in Production." In Competence development and learning assistance systems for the data-driven future, 93–108. Goto Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30844/wgab_2021_6.

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Musculoskeletal disorders are the major cause for incapacity for work in the Ger-man production industry. Accordingly, ergonomic work processes are particularly important in order to protect the health of employees and to reduce the high follow-up costs for companies and society. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to make workplaces more ergonomic (so-called organisational prevention). On the other hand, employees need to be trained how to carry out work processes as ergonomically as possible and thus optimise their individual behav-iour at the workplace (so-called behavioural prevention). The article presents a learning assistance system for ergonomic be-havioural prevention in production that uses modern motion capture systems to record and analyse the movements of employees. With the help of digital human models, it is possible to visualise overload on the body comprehensively. The learning assistance system ena-bles the employee to perform two primary analyses: A capability analysis allows to measure and assess a worker’s individ-ual mobility with 14 standardised movement exercises and to esti-mate his or her strength with a grip strength measurement. The as-sessment of the results strengthens health literacy in the way that the worker becomes aware of possible physical limitations and can initiate general countermeasures, such as strength or mobility train-ing. An analysis of the specific work processes at the workplace makes it possible to record the workplace-induced stress of a worker and compare it with the worker’s capabilities. This comparison leads to the workplace-specific strain and shows which movements are par-ticularly critical for the health of the individual worker. It enables the worker to recognise the critical work processes and postures of his or her work spectrum, to initiate work-specific measures to in-crease the capabilities and to ergonomically improve the working posture. The latter is the main purpose of the learning assistance system. The use of a motion capture system permits to repeat critical work steps effortlessly in order to show the effect of a more ergo-nomic working posture. These short learning cycles can be repeated until the strain is not critical anymore.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Musculoskeletal system Effect of estrogen on"

Okabe, Eduardo P., Daniel L. Miletto, Milton S. Misuta, and José Luiz P. Brittes. "Simulation of a Pole Saw Assisted by a Gyroscopic Effect Device." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70112.

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Abstract Linemen performing pruning activity on vegetation entangled with overhead lines and handling a pole saw is a physically strenuous and risky job. It is a major cause of linemen musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and others injuries, with more than one type of accumulative musculoskeletal injury like backbone, shoulder, neck and wrists. Although assisted robotic tools could reduce ergonomic issues, it also impairs the quality of work; efficiency and quality require human direct cutting due to a huge imponderability of each particular action on each particular job due different kind of vegetation and shapes. The best approach should be to aid linemen handling the pole saw during pruning. So, as a first step to develop and implement a gyroscopic platform for pruning pole saw, this paper compares and presents a simulation of a regular pole saw with a pole saw assisted by a gyroscopic device using kinematic data obtained by the motion capture system. Kinematic data obtained connects to dynamic simulation, which makes available pole saw control and kickback analysis. Simulation outcome shows that gyroscopic assistance on pole saw has great potential to mitigate harmful pruning dynamic forces for lineman, with no impact on productivity and work quality.

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Gardner, Thomas R., Ryan T. Cassilly, Brian Jin, Anuli N. Mkparu, Christoper S. Ahmad, Louis U. Bigliani, and William N. Levine. "Effect of Estrogen on Viscoelastic Properties of the Anterior Pouch of the Macaque Animal Model of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206835.

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The effect of hormone treatment on the material properties of ligaments has been extensively studied for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, there have been very few studies on the effects of hormones on the material properties of the shoulder. These shoulder ligaments contribute to overall shoulder stability, and a change in ligament properties could contribute to a change in overall shoulder laxity. This study uses female cynomologus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys as an animal model of the human shoulder to determine if estrogen has an effect on the viscoelastic properties of the anterior pouch of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL). Cynomolgus monkeys have served as nonhuman primate models in several studies, including monkey models of menopause, the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system, reproductive support organs, and the knee joint. The cynomolgus macaques are commonly used for studies involving hormone replacement therapy because they have 28-day menstrual cycles with very similar hormonal patterns to that of women.

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Farag, A. M., S. F. Bottoms, E. F. Mammen, M. Hosni, and A. Ali. "EFFECT OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES ON HEMOSTASIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644283.

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Retrospective statistical epidemiological studies have suggested a possible association between the ingestion of oral contraceptives (OC) and thromboembolic disease. Past analyses of the coagulation system have yielded controversial informationWe studied a cross section of 131 women taking different kinds of OC and 36 controls for changes in hemostasis. No significant differences were noted in the levels of fibrino- peptide A (RIA), platelet factor 4, 8 thromboglobulin (RIA), fibrinogen (Multistat III (MCA), clottable), antithrombin III (MCA, S-2238), α2 antiplasmin (MCA, S-2251), pre-kallikrein (MCA, S-2302) and fibronectin (MCA, immune turbi-dometric). However, plasminogen (MCA, S-2251) and protein C antigen (Laurell) levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01), respectively)Canonical correlation analysis was used to examine correlations between hemostasis parameters measured and clinical risk factors, such as age, parity, weight, smoking, family history for thromboembolic diseases and estrogen-progesterone dose. There was a significantly negative correlation between family history for thromboembolisms and antithrombin III levels (p < 0.01). A positive correlation existed between obesity and fibrinogen and fibronectin levels (p < 0.001 for both). The hemostasis data seem to suggest that OC use does not introduce an imbalance in the hemostasis system which fosters "hypercoagulability", and that, if at all, possibly other risk factors determine the incidence of thromboembolisms in OC users. It is suggested that caution be exercised in the use of OCs in patients with a history of thromboembolic diseases and with obesity

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Bunting, Haley A., Ryan T. Cassilly, Brian Jin, Christopher S. Ahmad, Louis U. Bigliani, William N. Levine, and Thomas R. Gardner. "Effect of Hormone Therapy on Tensile Strain of the Macaque Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53531.

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The effect of hormone treatment on the material properties of ligaments has been extensively studied for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, there have been few studies on the effects of hormones on the material properties of the shoulder. Shoulder ligaments contribute to overall shoulder stability, and a change in ligament properties could contribute to a change in overall shoulder laxity. Cynomolgus monkeys have served as nonhuman primate models in studies examining the effects of hormone replacement therapy on the cardiovascular system, as well as serving as a model for menopause, reproductive support structures, the knee joint and shoulder joint. The cynomolgus macaques are commonly used for studies involving hormone replacement therapy because they have 28-day menstrual cycles with very similar hormonal patterns to that of women. This study uses female cynomologus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys as an animal model of the human shoulder to determine if estrogen has an effect on the strain distribution of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL).

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Pattnaik, Shrikant, and Jay Kim. "A Lumped Parameter Vibration Model Developed Based on a Realistic Kinematic Description of the Hand-Arm System." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40466.

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Prolonged exposure of hand to vibration causes vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal abnormalities, which are collectively known as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). A significant number of construction workers, miners and even dentists are affected by HAVS. The precise mechanism or pathogenesis of the syndrome is still not clearly understood. Accurate analysis of hand-arm vibration response is very difficult due to the complexity of the hand-arm structure such as redundancy of the musculo-tendon unit, active participation from central nervous system, inherent non-linearity and heavy damping effect. Various types of lumped parameter models have been developed, typically by matching response characteristics of the model with the measurement. Not being based on the actual physics of the hand-arm, such a model has limited applications such as qualitative, relative analysis of the hand-arm response. A new lumped parameter model is developed in this work retaining as much actual kinematic characteristics of the hand and arm system as possible. The model includes descriptions of relevant musculo-tendon systems and the effect of the gripping force to enable calculation of the forces transmitted through the musculo-tendon system and joints.

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Yakusheva, A. N. "INFLUENCE OF THE POST-ISOMETRIC RELAXATION METHOD ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH KNEE ARTHROSIS." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/73.

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The article presents the results of the study to identify the effect of the method of post-isometric relaxation in the correction of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system by patients with arthrosis of the knee joint. The study showed the importance of using additional rehabilitation means by persons with arthrosis.

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Ainsworth, Stephen D., and Robert A. Latour. "Design Optimization of a Composite Splint Material for Strength and Thermoformability." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0332.

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Abstract The development of a short fiber reinforced, low temperature thermoplastic splint material has potential to improve the ease, cost and efficiency of splinting and casting musculoskeletal problems. Design optimization of the fiber/matrix system is a key step in the development process of this new material. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and elastic moduli were found for 2-D randomly oriented short E-glass fiber reinforced polycaprolactone at both room temperature and at 170°F. The effect of fiber length and fiber volume fraction on the previously mentioned properties were studied by testing a range of fiber volume fractions (0.0 to 0.10) with fiber lengths of 3 mm and 7 mm. The results of this study show potential for increasing strength and rigidity of the low temperature thermoplastic through fiber reinforcement, while maintaining some degree of thermoformability.

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Shukla, Amit, and Amit Bhattacharya. "Nonlinear Effects of Bone Damping on Human Postural Balance." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46886.

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Анотація:

Osteoporosis is a common disease in women over the age of 50. The detection of this disease is done by an expensive bone mineral density test using dual energy x-ray absorpiometry. Osteoporosis patients are at a high risk of bone fracture under daily living conditions. Previous studies have shown that natural shock absorption capability of human body suffering from osteoporosis is significantly impaired. This study is to develop an understanding of nonlinear effects of osteoporosis on human postural balance via computational models developed to capture changes in the shock absorption capabilities of human musculoskeletal system in osteoporosis patients. This paper uses a previously published, time delayed model of human postural balance by simulating the effect of osteoporosis via changes in damping factor. Numerical studies are presented and results interpreted to capture and highlight the nonlinear effects of osteoporosis on the dynamics postural balance response. This approach, upon further clinical evaluation can result in utilization of human postural balance test and the corresponding non-invasive Bone Shock Absorption test and measurement techniques for detection of osteoporosis.

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Patel, Harshil, Gerald O’Neill, and Panagiotis Artemiadis. "Regulation of 3D Human Arm Impedance Through Muscle Co-Contraction." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3942.

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Анотація:

Humans have the inherent ability of performing highly dexterous and skillful tasks with their arms, involving maintenance of posture, movement, and interaction with the environment. The latter requires the human to control the dynamic characteristics of the upper limb musculoskeletal system. These characteristics are quantitatively represented by inertia, damping, and stiffness, which are measures of mechanical impedance. Many previous studies have shown that arm posture is a dominant factor in determining the end point impedance on a horizontal (transverse) plane. This paper presents the characterization of the end point impedance of the human arm in three-dimensional space. Moreover, it models the regulation of the arm impedance with respect to various levels of muscle co-contraction. The characterization is made by route of experimental trials where human subjects maintained arm posture while their arms were perturbed by a robot arm. Furthermore, the subjects were asked to control the level of their arm muscles’ co-contraction, using visual feedback of their muscles’ activation, in order to investigate the effect of this muscle co-contraction on the arm impedance. The results of this study show a very interesting, anisotropic increase of arm stiffness due to muscle co-contraction. These results could lead to very useful conclusions about the human’s arm biomechanics, as well as many implications for human motor control-specifically the control of arm impedance through muscle co-contraction.

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Shirazi-Fard, Y., E. Gonzalez, D. S. Morgan, J. M. Davis, K. L. Shimkus, R. D. Boudreaux, S. A. Bloomfield, and H. A. Hogan. "Bone Response to Exercise During Recovery Between Unloading Bouts in Adult Male Rats." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80922.

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Анотація:

Mechanical unloading has deleterious effects on the musculoskeletal system, and exercise offers a way to reduce or reverse these effects. Studies of crew members from the International Space Station have documented bone losses that do not fully recover even years after returning to Earth [1,2], and this raises concerns with repeated missions. We have used the adult hindlimb unloaded (HU) rat model [3] to simulate repeated exposure to microgravity, and to study densitometric and mechanical properties at multiple bone sites. This study focuses on mixed bone sites including proximal tibia metaphysis (PTM), and femoral neck (FN) region which also has a significant clinical relevance. Surprisingly, losses for the 2nd HU were milder than those for the 1st HU for bone mineral content (BMC) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), suggesting a possible protective effect of the 1st HU [4]. Comparison to a separate group exposed to a single period of HU initiated at the same age as the 2nd HU group ruled out age effects contributing to the smaller deficit. BMC and vBMD values returned to baseline but remained below aging cage control (CC) values, raising the question of whether the milder losses for the 2nd HU might be attributable, wholly or partially, to lower levels at the start of the 2nd HU. The goal of the current study was to determine if adding a resistance exercise regimen during recovery from the 1st HU would restore bone properties to CC levels and/or significantly affect the response to the 2nd HU.

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