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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Muscle strength"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 30 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Muscle strength"

Bohannon, Richard W. "Muscle strength." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 18, no. 5 (September 2015): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mco.0000000000000202.

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Orr, Ann. "Muscle Strength." Physiotherapy 80, no. 7 (July 1994): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)60805-x.

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Henderson, Adrienne D., A. Wayne Johnson, Lindsey G. Rasmussen, Weston P. Peine, Sydney H. Symons, Kade A. Scoresby, Sarah T. Ridge, and Dustin A. Bruening. "Early-Stage Diabetic Neuropathy Reduces Foot Strength and Intrinsic but Not Extrinsic Foot Muscle Size." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (March 12, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9536362.

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Background. Tracking progression of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) is usually focused on sensory nerves and subjective testing methods. Recent studies have suggested that distal muscle atrophy may precede sensation loss. Methods to objectively measure distal muscle size and strength are needed to help understand how neuropathy affects muscle function. Purpose. To evaluate individual intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle sizes and functional foot strength in participants with DPN. Methods. Thirty individuals participated in this cross-sectional study (15 DPN and 15 matched controls). Sizes of 10 separate muscles of the lower leg and foot were measured using ultrasound imaging. Functional foot strength was also quantified using custom great toe and lateral toe flexion tests along with a doming test. Muscle size and strength metrics were compared between groups using ANOVAs and paired t-tests (α=0.05). Correlations between strength and relevant muscle sizes were also evaluated. Results. The sizes of all four intrinsic foot muscles were smaller in individuals with DPN (p≤0.03), while only one (toe extensor) of the six extrinsic muscles was smaller (p<0.01). Great toe flexion (p=0.03) and lateral toe flexion (p<0.01) strengths were decreased between groups and showed moderate to strong correlations (0.43≤r≤0.80) with several corresponding intrinsic muscle sizes. The doming strength test did not show any difference between groups and was moderately correlated with one muscle size (r=0.59). Conclusion. Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy affects intrinsic muscles before extrinsics. Ultrasound imaging of individual muscles and functional toe flexion tests can be used clinically to monitor DPN progression and foot function. Participants need to be trained in the doming test before a relationship can be established between this test and DPN foot function. Future studies should include muscle quality measurements to better understand characteristics of affected muscles.

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Ryabov, Sergey N., and Georgy V. Funtikov. "Strength work and strength endurance Part 1." Physical Education and University Sport 2, no. 4 (November 22, 2023): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2782-4594-2023-2-4-414-419.

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The purpose of the research is to study the possibilities of increasing the physical strength of an athlete through special exercises. An increase in endurance during physical exertion in relation to strength sports and martial arts is also separately considered. The physiological aspects of the work of human muscles are analyzed, on which the power traction of the muscle and the possibility of prolonged work under load depend. Myofibrils and mitochondria located in muscle fibers are chosen as the main object of the study. Since the fibers inside the muscle are divided into two main types – i.e. “fast” and “slow” – and it is believed that fast fibers are much stronger than slow ones, and slow ones are more enduring than fast ones, different training methods are offered for those and others. The directions of the training process for increasing physical strength and strength endurance are determined.

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Zuša, Anna, Jānis Lanka, Lenīds Čupriks, and Irēna Dravniece. "A DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF ISOMETRIC MUSCLE STRENGTH AND MUSCLE STRENGTH IMBALANCE IN YOUNG TENNIS PLAYERS." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 4, no. 99 (2015): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v4i99.103.

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Background. Tennis is assumed as asymmetric sport, prolonged training practice could affect muscle strength imbalance. Muscle strength functional ratio imbalance could be a reason for poor posture, physical weakness and increased risk of injury. The purpose of the research was to evaluate young tennis players’ main muscle group strength topography and to investigate the level of different muscles groups’ bi-lateral and contra-lateral imbalance. Methods. The participants of the study were six young right handed competitive tennis players (girls, age 11.4 ± 0.5 years, tennis experience 4.7 ± 0.6 years). Examination of main muscles groups was performed with an isokinetic dynamometer. Results. Young tennis players have pronounced bi-lateral imbalance between shoulder joint extensors and flexors (25%), internal and external rotators (36%), left elbow flexors and extensors (58%), wrist pronator and supinator (the right hand 17%, left 48%), hip flexors and extensors (35%); knee joint flexors and extensors (60%); ankle dorsal flexors and plantar flexors (59%); spine and abdominal muscles (48%). It was detected that young tennis players have pronounced contra-lateral imbalance between right and left internal rotators of the shoulder joint (27%) and external rotators (26%), wrist joint supinators (41%). Conclusions. To avoid the increase in muscle bi-lateral imbalance it is highly recommended to pay more attention to shoulder adductors and shoulder external rotators, elbow flexors and extensors, wrist supinators and extensors, knee extensors, ankle plantar flexors and spine flexors. For contra-lateral imbalance prevention in addition to train non-dominant upper extremity muscles: shoulder internal and external rotators, wrist supinators.

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Hara, Koji, Haruka Tohara, Kobayashi Kenichiro, Kohei Yamaguchi, Chantaramanee Ariya, Kanako Yoshimi, Ayako Nakane, and Shunsuke Minakuchi. "Association between tongue muscle strength and masticatory muscle strength." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 46, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joor.12737.

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Maciejewska-Skrendo, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Leźnicka, Agata Leońska-Duniec, Michal Wilk, Aleksandra Filip, Paweł Cięszczyk, and Marek Sawczuk. "Genetics of Muscle Stiffness, Muscle Elasticity and Explosive Strength." Journal of Human Kinetics 74, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0027.

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Abstract Muscle stiffness, muscle elasticity and explosive strength are the main components of athletes’ performance and they show a sex-based as well as ethnicity variation. Muscle stiffness is thought to be one of the risk factors associated with sports injuries and is less common in females than in males. These observations may be explained by circulating levels of sex hormones and their specific receptors. It has been shown that higher levels of estrogen are associated with lower muscle stiffness responsible for suppression of collagen synthesis. It is thought that these properties, at least in part, depend on genetic factors. Particularly, the gene encoding estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) is one of the candidates that may be associated with muscle stiffness. Muscle elasticity increases with aging and there is evidence suggesting that titin (encoded by the TTN gene), a protein that is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles, is one of the factors responsible for elastic properties of the muscles. Mutations in the TTN gene result in some types of muscular dystrophy or cardiomyopathy. In this context, TTN may be regarded as a promising candidate for studying the elastic properties of muscles in athletes. The physiological background of explosive strength depends not only on the muscle architecture and muscle fiber composition, but also on the central nervous system and functionality of neuromuscular units. These properties are, at least partly, genetically determined. In this context, the ACTN3 gene code for α-actinin 3 has been widely researched.

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Kristensen, Otto H., Egon Stenager, and Ulrik Dalgas. "Muscle Strength and Poststroke Hemiplegia: A Systematic Review of Muscle Strength Assessment and Muscle Strength Impairment." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 98, no. 2 (February 2017): 368–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.05.023.

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Marchant, J. N., and D. M. Broom. "Effects of dry sow housing conditions on muscle weight and bone strength." Animal Science 62, no. 1 (February 1996): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014387.

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AbstractConfinement has been shown to affect bone strenth in poultry but this weakness has not been documented in other species housed in confinement. The objectives of this experiment were to compare muscle weight and bone strength in non-pregnant sows, of similar age and parity, housed throughout eight or nine pregnancies in two different dry sow systems: (1) individually in stalls and (2) communally in a large group. Following slaughter, the left thoracic and pelvic limbs were dissected and 14 locomotor muscles removed and c. ???lied. A proportional muscle weight was then calculated by dividing individual muscle weight (g) by total body weight (kg). Where there were significant differences, stall-housed sows had lower absolute and proportional muscle weights than group-housed sows. The left humerus and femur were also removed. The bones were broken by a three-point bend test using an Instron Universal Tester. Both bones from stall-housed sows had breaking strengths that were about two-thirds those of group-housed sows. The results indicate that confinement of sows, with a consequent lack of exercise, results in reduction of muscle weight and considerable reduction of bone strength.

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Bhattacharjya, Jolly, Reeta Baishya, and Bijit Dutta. "Analysis of muscle strength and endurance in healthy young adults and association of muscle strength with muscle endurance." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191694.

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Background: Muscle strength has been studied as a predictor of general health and many diseases. Data on muscle strength of healthy adults are scarce in Assam. Aim of the study was to describe normative data for hand grip muscle strength and endurance among healthy young males and females of age group 18-21. Also, to find out any correlation between muscles strength and endurance.Methods: We have selected 79 healthy volunteers of both sexes of age group 18-21 years. We have measured muscle strength by hand grip dynamometer. Muscle endurance was calculated by asking the subjects to hold the dynamometer at one third of their muscle strength as long as they can.Results: In this study there were 46 males and 33 females. Mean muscle strength among the males is 27.09(SD7.05) and among the females is 10.76(SD6.19). Similarly mean endurance among males is 41.78(SD31.72) and among females is 16.15(SD9.81). These higher values of muscle strength and endurance in males are statistically significant. We have also found positive correlation between muscle strength and endurance in both the sexes.Conclusions: In this study we have seen that muscle strength and endurance of healthy young males are more than that of females. And also, muscle endurance increases with increase in muscle strength.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Muscle strength"

Gerber, Aimee. "Determination of strength imbalance of the lower extremities." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231347.

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Fourteen college softball players were recruited to participate in this study to determine if a strength imbalance between the lower extremities, how significant this difference this may be and of any correlations existed among all the functional tests. Subjects took part in isokinetic flexion and extension at 60 and 240 deg/sec, parallel squats, 2-legged vertical jump, single leg vertical jump, and a five-hop test. Peak and average torque was recorded for isokinetic testing and revealed significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant limbs (13.00%- 16.00%). Peak and average force was analyzed for squats and all vertical jumps. Significance was found among all activities between dominant and non-dominant legs, other than average force for single leg vertical jump. A significant difference was also exhibited for the five-hop test between the lower extremities. Significant correlations were also found at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels amongst the various functional tests. Overall findings revealed a significant strength imbalance between the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Further research needs to be conducted in determining how detrimental these differences could be in daily performance for athletes.
School of Physical Education

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Gordon, Debra Anne. "Analysis of force parameters used to assess the fatigability of mammalian motor units." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184368.

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The investigation of motor-unit fatigability in reduced-animal models has been dominated by a single fatigue test, one fatigue index, and an emphasis on changes in the magnitude of (usually peak) force. Although the standard fatigue test has been reported to elicit changes in the dynamic phases of an isometric tetanus, this has not been systematically studied in single motor units. Furthermore, changes in the profile of individual tetani during the fatigue test have led some investigators to suggest that other force parameters (i.e., integrated force) or fatigue indices may provide additional information about motor-unit performance during the test. The purposes of this project were to: (1) evaluate the time courses of a variety of force parameters characterizing both the magnitude of force and the dynamic aspects of force during a 4-min fatigue test of functionally isolated cat, tibialis posterior motor units; and (2) determine if motor units could be classified into the conventional motor-unit types based on these new parameters. There was considerable variability in the average time course of the magnitude of force during the fatigue test. The variability within the type FR and F(int) motor-unit groups resulted in several units whose characteristics bordered those which, by definition, separate unit types. The classification of these units depended on the force parameter and fatigue index used to quantify their fatigability. The time course of the magnitude of force also revealed differences in the behavior of potentiating and non-potentiating groups. There were many differences between motor-unit types in terms of dynamic-force parameters before, during and after the fatigue test. Comparison of initial and 2-min values revealed a preferential effect of stimulation on force development in type S and FR units (i.e., increased rate) and on force decay in type F(int) and FF units (i.e., prolonged duration and decreased rate). The time courses of these effects further revealed qualitative differences between different combinations of motor-unit types. Groups of units (or lack thereof) revealed by dynamic-force parameters were compared to conventional motor-unit types by discriminant analysis. The results were not always consistent with conventional types.

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Hamby, Derek Grady. "Chronic effects of creatine monohydrate on strength and power." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074541.

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The use of creative monohydrate (CM) supplementation by athletes to increase strength and lean body mass has great anecdotal support. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to document the chronic effects of CM supplementation on resistance trained athletes. Sixteen collegiate football players were randomly separated into a CM and placebo (P) group. Supplementation in capsule form consisted of 5 g CM or P per day throughout a 10 week resistance training program. Pre- and Post-testing consisted of 1) Weight. 2) Body fat estimation. 3) One repetition maximal bench press, squat, and power clean. 4) Cybex testing was also included. Results revealed the CM group was able to significantly increase measures of strength and power, as well as increase body mass without a change in body fat %, while the P group showed no significant changes. Data was analyzed using a paired t-test and ANCOVA (p < 0.05). CM PPrePostPrePostBody Wt (lbs)234.5 + 34.41237.37 + 31.34*215.57 ± 55.12213.0 ± 48.897-site fat %15.37+5.5116.68+6.5813.52 + 10.0913.58+8.33Bench Press (lbs)328.75 + 27.87- 340.0 + 27.65*287.14 + 58.94283.57 + 48.71Squats (lbs)532.86 + 130.92592.14 + 123.86*489.17 + 149.81512.50 ± 161.89Power Cleans271.88 + 47.73288.75 + 45.34*246.00 + 33.99241.00 + 64.65* Denotes significant measureThe data from this study supports the anecdotal claims. Further, contrary to what would be expected with long term resistance training alone, the placebo group failed to increase strength and power measures. This suggests that the resistance program lacked sufficient stimuli or that overtraining might have occurred. However, subjects ingesting CM were able to increase strength and power measures. Thus, it appears that CM may also serve as a buffer to overtraining.
School of Physical Education

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Weernink, Corinne M. "Heart failure and respiratory muscle strength." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/MQ42222.pdf.

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Kaya, Ryan D. "Muscle Strength, Motor Units, and Aging." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1365769270.

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Short, Kevin R. "Histochemical and biochemical changes in human muscle following 17 days of unilateral lower limb suspension." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063203.

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The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between perinatal complications and subsequent development of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other behavioral characteristics. The biological mothers of 74 children diagnosed with ADHD and 77 children displaying no characteristics of the disorder completed the Maternal Perinatal Scale (MPS), the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Parent Rating Scales (BASC-PRS), and a demographic survey. In addition, the biological mothers of 120 children with no characteristics of ADHD or any other behavior disorders completed only the MPS so that exploratory factor analysis of the MPS could be completed.Following factor analysis, stepwise discriminant analysis of the resulting five factors was utilized to explore the nature of the relationship between such perinatal factors and ADHD. Results of this analysis indicated that emotional factors, or the amount of stress encountered during pregnancy and the degree to Relationship Between Perinatal Complications 3 was planned, were the items that maximized the separation between the ADHD and Non-ADHD groups. Additional discrimination between the groups was attributed to the extent of insult or trauma to the developing fetus and the outcome of prior pregnancies. ADHD children were also found to have experienced twice as many behavioral, social, or medical problems, and were more likely to reach developmental milestones with delays.Stepwise discriminant analysis also revealed the Attention Problems and Hyperactivity scales of the BASC-PRS were most significant in differentiating between the ADHD and Non-ADHD subjects. Using the BASC-PRS resulted in approximately 90% of the total sample being correctly classified as ADHD or Non-ADHD. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that emotional factors and the general health of both the mother and the developing fetus were the best predictors of later behavioral patterns reported on the BASC-PRS.
Human Performance Laboratory

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Byrne, Christopher. "Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/muscle-function-after-exerciseinduced-muscle-damage(2bbf5fe1-f35b-4b7b-9790-ff3a04b86875).html.

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Muscle function after exercise-induced muscle damage has traditionally been evaluated by measures of isometric strength at a single joint angle or muscle length. The thesis investigates the effect of muscle damage on other muscle function parameters such as, isometric strength as a function of muscle length, concentric strength as a function of angular velocity, strength across muscle actions, the stretch-shortening cycle, power output, and fatigability. Study 1 The first part of this study aimed to determine how the muscle length at which strength is measured affects reductions in isometric strength following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. The damaging exercise protocol consisted of 100 maximal voluntary eccentric actions of the knee extensors, performed in the prone position through a range of motion from 40° to 140° (0° = full extension) at an angular velocity of 90 deg's-1. Isometric strength of the knee extensors was measured at short muscle length (10° knee flexion) and optimal length (80°). A significantly greater relative loss of strength was observed at short versus optimal muscle length (76.3 ± 2.5% vs. 82.1 ± 2.7% of pre-exercise values, P<0.05) over the seven day testing period following eccentric exercise. The second part of the study investigated isometric strength at optimal length and concentric strength at slow (30 deg's 1) and fast (180 deg's 1) angular velocities of movement. No differences were apparent in the magnitude and rate of recovery of strength across isometric (82.1 ± 2.7%) and slow (86.6 ± 2.0%) and fast (84.3 ± 1.5%) concentric muscle actions. Both the popping sarcomere hypothesis of 2 muscle damage and a failure in excitation-contraction coupling are possible explanations for the reduction in strength being affected by the muscle length at which it is measured. Both would be expected to affect strength to a greater extent at short versus optimal muscle lengths. Study 2 The second study investigated knee extensor muscle strength during isometric, concentric and eccentric muscle actions and vertical jump performance under conditions of squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ). These measures were taken before, 1 hour after, and on days 1,2,3,4 and 7 following a damaging exercise protocol consisting of 100 barbell squats (10 sets x 10 reps @ 70% body mass load). Strength was significantly reduced for four days, however, no differences were observed in the magnitude or rate of recovery of isometric strength at 80° knee flexion and concentric and eccentric strength at 90 deg's'. Vertical jump performance was significantly reduced for three days and was dependent on the type of jump being performed. The relative decline in SJ performance was significantly greater than that in CMJ performance (91.6 ± 1.1% vs. 95.2 ± 1.3% of pre-exercise values, P<0.05) and the relative decline in SJ was significantly greater than that in DJ performance (91.6 ± 1.1% vs. 95.2 ± 1.4%, P<0.05). No differences were observed in the relative decline in CMJ and DJ performance (95.2 ± 1.3% vs. 95.2 ± 1.4%, P> 0.05). The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) of muscle function is utilised in CMJ and DJ but not in SJ. The SSC has a clear purpose: to allow the final phase (concentric action) to take place with greater force or power output, as compared to the condition where the movement is initiated by a concentric action alone. 3 Utilisation of the SSC in performance seems to attenuate the detrimental performance effects of exercise-induced muscle damage. Study 3 The third and final study investigated the effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on maximal power output and knee extensor fatigability under isometric and dynamic conditions. Under isometric conditions, strength was assessed at 40° and 80° knee flexion and fatigability was assessed by a sustained 60s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) at each joint angle. For dynamic conditions, maximum power output and fatigue were assessed during a maximal 30s cycle ergometer test. These measures were taken before, 1 hour after, and on days 1,2,3, and 7 following a damaging exercise protocol consisting of 100 eccentric squats (10 sets x 10 reps @ 80% concentric 1 RM). Isometric strength was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) for seven days but no significant differences were observed in the magnitude of strength loss and the pattern of recovery between the two joint angles. Fatigability was quantified as the slope (b) of a linear regression line fitted to the torque and power decay during the 60s MVC and the 30s cycle test, respectively. Prior to muscle damage, subjects were significantly less fatigable (P < 0.05) at 40° (b = -2.39 ± 0.26) versus 80° (b = -5.50 ± 0.72). After muscle damage, subjects became significantly less fatigable at both 40° and 80° with recovery taking three days at 401 and seven days at 80°. Before damaging exercise, a greater rate of fatigue was observed under dynamic (b = -12.75 ± 2.3) versus isometric (80°) conditions (b = -5.50 ± 0.72). Isometric and dynamic fatigue 4 followed a similar temporal pattern after damaging exercise. When the effects of muscle damage on strength at 801 and maximal power output were compared, differences in the extent of performance loss and the time course of recovery were observed. At 1 hour post-exercise, strength was affected to a greater extent (30% reduction) than power (13% reduction) and whereas strength followed a linear recovery pattern, power suffered further decrements at day 1 (18%) and day 2 (16%) before starting to recover. The results indicate that under conditions of voluntary activation muscle becomes weaker but less fatigable under isometric and dynamic conditions following exercise-induced muscle damage. The lower starting torque / power output and the slower rate of decline in torque / power output observed in post-damage fatigue curves may be a phenomenon of selective type II fibre damage. Evidence suggests that type II fibres are selectively damaged during eccentric exercise and therefore post-damage fatigue curves may be missing their contribution to performance. The different recovery patterns observed for isometric and dynamic performance may indicate an inability to maintain central motor drive during complex dynamic tasks when damage is present.

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Kim, Jeong-Su. "The relationship of growth factor and muscle soreness to muscle hypertrophy." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1101585.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between exercise induced muscle damage and growth factors during two different modes of exercise. Nine healthy untrained male subjects participated in this study and performed two separate single bouts of isokinetic concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) leg extension exercise on the CYBEX NORMT°". The workload was maintained at 75% of 1 RM for each trial, respectively. The maximum sets of 10 repetitions were performed during the Con trial, and the number was also duplicated during the Ecc trial, with 40 seconds of rest between sets. Serum levels of hGH, creatine kinase (CK), and lactic acid were measured, and the CK level was used to determine the degree of muscle tissue damage. A muscle soreness questionnaire was provided to the subjects to assess the degree of quadriceps muscle soreness following each trial. The EMG activity of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles was recorded during each trial. The results of the present study demonstrated no significant differences in hGH output and CK activity between the exercise trials, although there was a significant different lactic acid response (P < 0.05). However, the Con trial produced significant increases (P < 0.05) in hGH and CK levels above the resting value at the post-exercise times. In fact, the 75% Con trial conducted in this study induced an increase in hGH release (peak: 8.23 ± 3.21 ng/ml) that was 2 X higher than a 120% Ecc trial (peak: 3.8 ± 1.2 ng/mI) of the prior study. The results of the present study demonstrate that a single bout of Con resistance exercise at the same intensity (75% of 1 RM), angular velocity, and ROM as a single bout of Ecc exercise can produce greater increases in hGH output and CK response than its Ecc counterpart. This finding does not support the previous results from this laboratory, showing that Ecc exercise is a stronger promoter of hGH output. However, it suggests that the amount of work performed is an important factor for hGH release because the exercise volume applied in the present study was greater than that of the prior study. The CK response of the subjects in this study, as well as the previous work indicate that hGH output is also dependent on exercise that elicits muscle damage. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that the mode of exercise, Con vs. Ecc, is not as important as the stress placed on the exercising muscle in order to induce optimal muscle hypertrophy.
School of Physical Education

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Sundén, Jakob. "Associations between dolphin kick performance and lower extremity muscle strength, abdominal muscle strength and foot length in active competitive swimmers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42351.

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Background: Maximal muscle strength and body proportions are some of the key attributes to be a fast swimmer. Even though dolphin kick (DK) has become essential to be a fast swimmer little is known of its associations to muscle strength and body proportions. Moreover, the effect of feet size has been stated to be a primary contributor to dolphin kick thrust production, but scientific evidence is still scarce. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between lower extremity muscle strength, abdominal strength and feet length with dolphin kick performance over 15 meters in active competitive swimmers 15-20 years old Method: Twelve Test subjects (six male and six female) participated. Test subjects performed four 15 meters dolphin kick trials. Lower extremity muscle strength was tested with a three repetition maximum strength test and abdominal strength with brutal bench test. The muscles tested were rectus femoris, biceps femoris and rectus abdominis. Feet length was measured with a measuring tape. The correlations between lower extremity strength, abdominal strength and feet length with dolphin kick performance were calculated with spearman’s correlation. Results: Twelve test subjects between ages 15-20 years old participated. Spearman correlation test showed that lower extremity strength (rectus femoris: rs=-0.57 and biceps femoris: rs=-0.66) had a large association with dolphin kick performance. Abdominal strength (rs=-0.46) and feet length (rs=-0.35) had a moderate association with dolphin kick performance. Conclusion: The present study conclude that lower extremity strength is important for DK performance over 15 meters and that abdominal strength and feet length also is important but is less associated to it. The finding from this study can be used for making training programs for improving DK performance and for scouting swimmers with beneficial traits for specific swimming technique.

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Trezise, Joanne C. "Relative importance and plasticity of anatomical and neuromuscular factors affecting joint torque production." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1407.

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The present research aimed to determine (i) the relative influence anatomical and neuromuscular variables on maximal isometric, concentric and eccentric knee extensor torque (Study 1); (ii) whether the change in strength following a 10-week strength training program is associated with changes in specific anatomical and neuromuscular variables (Study 2a); (iii) whether anatomical and neuromuscular adaptations are dependent on their pre-training magnitudes; and (iv) whether it is possible to ‘predict’ an individual’s adaptation to strength training based on their anatomical and neuromuscular pre-training magnitudes (Study 2b). The variables assessed throughout the studies include muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), fascicle length and angle from the proximal, middle and distal regions of the four quadriceps components; agonist (EMG:Mwave) and antagonist (EMG normalised to MVC) muscle activity, percent voluntary activation (%VA; interpolated twitch technique); maximum isometric and slow speed concentric and eccentric (60°/s), unpotentiated and potentiated twitch torques; and patella tendon moment arm distance. Using a cross-sectional (observational) study design (Study 1; n = 56) models incorporating CSA, fascicle angle and muscle activity and activation were found to best predict both maximum isometric and eccentric torque (R2 = 0.72 and 0.62). Maximum concentric torque was best predicted by a model incorporating CSA, fascicle angle and moment arm (R2 = 0.64) making it suitable for predicting maximal torque in clinical/rehabilitation populations. Proximal CSA was included in the strongest models rather than the traditionally used mid-muscle CSA, indicating its potential functional importance. The strong predictive ability of models incorporating both CSA and fascicle angle indicate that the quantity of contractile tissue strongly influences inter-individual differences in strength expression. Following 10 weeks of heavy lower-limb heavy strength training (Study 2a; n = 36), the change in isometric torque was best (although weakly; R2 = 0.27) predicted by models incorporating the change in proximal-region vastus lateralis CSA and fascicle angle, and changes in concentric and eccentric torque were best predicted by average quadriceps muscle activity, proximal-region CSA (either vastus lateralis or whole quadriceps) and vastus intermedius fascicle angle (R2 = 0.40 and 0.41). Changes in fascicle angle were weakly correlated with the change in strength despite its inclusion in the strongest models, highlighting the requirement to examine interactions between variables when assessing their influence on strength change. Furthermore, the weak relationships observed between the change in strength and the change in neuromuscular variables (Study 2a) indicate that the assumption that simultaneous changes observed in strength, anatomical structure and neuromuscular function following training indicate potential causal association may need to be reconsidered. While muscle activation measured pre-training during isometric contractions was moderately and negatively correlated with the strength change following training (Study 2b), there was no correlation for proximal-region CSA. This indicated limited scope for improvement in activation isometrically in individuals with greater levels of activation prior to training, but that all individuals had similar scope for hypertrophy. It was not possible to predict the strength change elicited by training from the measurements obtained before training (R2 = 0.06 to 0.27). A comparative data set presented in Study 1 provides clinicians with a tool to evaluate an individual’s maximum torque capacity, anatomical structure and neuromuscular function. While accurate prediction of strength change following training cannot be made based on pre-training testing using the current protocols (Study 2b), strength training programs targeted to improve muscle activation (Study 2a) might elicit the greatest improvements in concentric and eccentric knee extensor strength.

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Книги з теми "Muscle strength"

Karin, Harms-Ringdahl, ed. Muscle strength. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1993.

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Goodheart, George J. Muscle testing: Lower extremity. Atlanta, GA]: International College of Applied Kinesiology, 2009.

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Schoenfeld, Brad. The max muscle plan. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2012.

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Hatfield, Frederick C. Strength and nutrition. Woodland Hills, CA: Weider Health & Fitness, 1990.

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Bompa, Tudor O. Serious strength training. 2nd ed. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics, 2003.

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Bompa, Tudor O. Serious strength training. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2012.

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Nicolaus, Jürgen. Kraftausdauer als Erscheinungsform des Kraftverhaltens: Dimensionsanalytische, mechanische und trainingswissenschaftliche Untersuchung. Köln: Sport und Buch Strauss, 1995.

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Darden, Ellington. High-intensity strength training. New York, NY: Perigee Books, 1992.

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Michael, Gundill, ed. Delavier's anatomy for bigger, stronger arms. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2012.

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Delavier, Frédéric. Delavier's stretching anatomy. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Muscle strength"

Sexauer, W. P., G. J. Criner, and S. G. Kelsen. "Assessment of Respiratory Muscle Strength." In Ventilatory Failure, 97–124. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84554-3_7.

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Barberio, Matthew D., Emidio E. Pistilli, and Monica J. Hubal. "Genetic Contributions to Muscle Strength." In Routledge Handbook of Sport and Exercise Systems Genetics, 264–76. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315146287-24.

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McMahon, John J. "Stretch-shortening cycle and muscle–tendon stiffness." In Advanced Strength and Conditioning, 40–54. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044734-5.

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Manini, Todd M., David W. Russ, and Brian C. Clark. "The Complex Relation between Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength." In Sarcopenia, 74–103. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118338032.ch6.

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Drey, Michael, and Jürgen M. Bauer. "Measurement of Muscle Strength and Power." In Sarcopenia, 226–37. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118338032.ch16.

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Ponce-González, Jesús G., and Cristina Casals. "Muscle Strength Determinants and Physiological Adaptations." In Resistance Training Methods, 29–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81989-7_2.

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Roth, Stephen M., and Henning Wackerhage. "Genetics of muscle mass and strength." In Molecular Exercise Physiology, 89–104. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315110752-4.

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Mu, Huiling, Ruoyong Wang, Xichen Geng, Yan Xu, Shuang Bai, Ximeng Chen, Longmei Fang, et al. "Effect of Different Muscle-Enhancing Supplement Programs on Muscle Strength." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 94–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5963-8_13.

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Kappus, Matthew R., and Pranab Barman. "Muscle Mass Versus Muscle Strength and Performance: Is Muscle Mass Measurement Alone Enough?" In Frailty and Sarcopenia in Cirrhosis, 127–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26226-6_9.

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Bermejo-García, Javier, Daniel Rodríguez-Jorge, Ashwin Jayakumar, Rafael Agujetas Ortiz, Francisco Romero-Sánchez, and Francisco Javier Alonso-Sánchez. "Assessment of Lower Limb Muscle Activation During Gait Assisted by a Cable-Actuated Exoskeleton." In Proceedings of the XV Ibero-American Congress of Mechanical Engineering, 112–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38563-6_17.

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AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the modifications that occur in the neuromuscular system during a walking assistance device through a wearable exoskeleton or exosuit. We propose to study the muscle activations and forces obtained by inverse dynamic analysis at different levels of exosuit actuation and anchor points, with the aim of obtaining an actuation map that will allow us to optimize both the design and the actuation of the exosuit. In addition, metabolic probes were calculated to estimate the influence of the exosuit on energy consumption. The results suggest a reduction in the muscle activations and forces exerted by the hamstring muscles of the actuated leg, especially the semitendinosus muscle and biceps femoris, compared to a non-actuated gait. In contrast, the muscle strength of the other muscles remains unchanged. Our results suggest that the configuration at 70% of femur length shows better results in reducing metabolic cost compared to the other configurations.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Muscle strength"

Funk, James R., Richard A. Watson, Joseph M. Cormier, Charles E. Bain, Herb Guzman, and Enrique Bonugli. "Neck Muscle Strength Measured During Vigorous Head Shaking." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53193.

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Neck muscle activation is believed to generally protect against whiplash and head injury in automotive impacts and sports activities. When the torso is struck, active tensing of the neck muscles may prevent the neck from rotating excessively due to the inertia of the head. In this scenario, neck muscle tension may also reduce the severity of a secondary head impact occurring after the primary impact with the body. In a direct impact to the head, it has been hypothesized that active neck muscle tension may reduce the acceleration experienced by the head by increasing its effective mass.

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Das, Biman. "Advances in Human Strength Measurement and Modeling in Workspace." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/10034.

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Advances made in human strength measurement and modeling in three dimensional workspace are reported. A comprehensive experimental research was conducted to determine isometric and isokinetic push, pull, push-up and pull-down strengths in the workspace and the corresponding muscle activity during exertions. Data were obtained from able-bodied adult male and female participants in the normal, maximum and extreme reach envelopes at various horizontal and vertical angles/heights in both seated and standing positions. A three dimensional isometric strength measurement system was designed and constructed. The Kin-Com dynamometer was used to measure isokinetic strength. The Flex-Com system recorded electromyography (EMG) of four muscles: biceps, triceps, anterior deltoid and erector spiane. Strength profiles or data for isometric and isokinetic strengths were highlighted. Spatial factors affecting isometric and isokinetic strengths were analyzed. Muscle activity of the selected muscles during force exertions were investigated. Predictive models or equations were developed for isometric pull strengths in maximum reach of standing men by applying multiple regression analysis.

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Anderson, Dennis E., Alexander G. Bruno, Brett T. Allaire, and Mary L. Bouxsein. "CT-Based Muscle Attenuation May be Able to Account for Age- and Muscle-Specific Differences in Maximum Muscle Stress." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80330.

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In musculoskeletal modeling, isometric muscle strength has been primarily determined based on muscle size. Specifically, the maximum force a muscle can produce may be calculated as: (1)FMAX=MMS×PCSA where FMAX is maximum isometric muscle force, MMS is maximum muscle stress, and PCSA is muscle physiological cross-sectional area. In general, modeling studies have selected a constant value of MMS, and applied it to all muscles in the model. However, the values reported in the literature for MMS vary widely [1, 2], from as little as 23 N/cm2 up to 137 N/cm2. Furthermore, MMS is likely lower in older adults than young adults, as age-related declines in muscle strength are significantly greater than declines in muscle mass [3], and the specific tension of gastrocnemius fascicles is 30% lower in elderly men than young men [4]. In addition, MMS is not constant between muscle groups. For example, the MMS of the elbow flexors is much greater than that of the elbow extensors [1], while the MMS of the ankle dorsiflexors is more than twice that of the ankle plantar flexors [5]. Thus, the use of a single constant for MMS in musculoskeletal models does not account for differences between individuals or muscle groups, and there is a need for a quantitative approach to assign different values of MMS to muscles in musculoskeletal models.

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Merola, Pietro, Ricardo Gass, Rui Gustavo Paulus Dorneles, Marcelo Gazzana, Fernando Gazzoni, Bruno Hochhegger, Samuel Vergés, and Danilo Berton. "Pectoralis muscle area and skeletal muscle strength in patients with ILD." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa5035.

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Melian, Natasha, Joaquim Branco, Dayane Montemezzo, Renata Gonçalves, Alexandro Andrade, Marlus Karsten, and Darlan Matte. "Relationship between handgrip strength, peripheral muscle strength and respiratory muscle endurance in patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)?" In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2578.

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Odegard, G. M., T. L. Haut Donahue, D. A. Morrow, and K. R. Kaufman. "Constitutive Modeling of Skeletal Muscle Tissue." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175848.

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The main functions of the human musculoskeletal system are to sustain loads and provide mobility. Bones and joints themselves cannot produce movement; skeletal muscles provide the ability to move. Knowledge of muscle forces during given activities can provide insight into muscle mechanics, muscle physiology, musculoskeletal mechanics, neurophysiology, and motor control. However, clinical examinations or instrumented strength testing only provides information regarding muscle groups. Musculoskeletal models are typically needed to calculate individual muscle forces.

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Abbate, Kaitlin, Thomas Franklin, Morgan Rosenberger, Eugene Chabot, and Ying Sun. "Determining Strength of Muscle Contraction Using Electromyogram." In 2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2013.17.

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Talib, Nidhal, Erol Gaillard, Maria Viskaduraki, and Caroline Beardsmore. "Does physical activity affect respiratory muscle strength?" In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa1219.

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Bianzeno, Guilherme, José William Zucchi, Luiz Henrique Soares Machado, Amanda Lais Peralta, Laura Miranda De Oliveira Caram, Suzana Erico Tanni, Irma Godoy, and Renata Ferrari. "Peripheral muscle strength and COPD assessment test." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa4057.

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Arvind, DK, and Debadri Mukherjee. "Muscle Strength Testing using Wearable Wireless Sensors." In 10th EAI International Conference on Body Area Networks. ICST, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-9-2015.2261461.

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Corscadden, Louise, and Anjali Singh. Grip Strength Test In Rodents. ConductScience, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs2023109.

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The grip strength test is one of the most commonly applied tests in animal laboratories to measure neuromuscular functions or disorders. It was first developed in the 1970s. Today a wide range of techniques are available to study muscle strength in rodents. These methods are categorized into two categories:[2] Invasive method: In situ and in vitro measurements of muscle force are invasive methods. Non-invasive method: This method only includes in vivo measurement tests to analyze muscle force such as treadmill tests, wire hang tests, swimming endurance, vertical pole test, and grip strength tests. The most convenient technique of all tests is the grip strength test. It’s most convenient and causes less stress to animals. The grip test has been widely used in order to investigate the phenotypes of transgenic mice with neuromuscular disease and evaluate potential compounds involved in the motor functioning of organisms. The tests have been serving the purpose for 30 years either alone or in combination with other tests.

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Currier, Brad, Jonathan Mcleod, and Stuart Phillips. The Influence of Resistance Exercise Training Prescription Variables on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Healthy Adults: An Umbrella Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0028.

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Review question / Objective: To determine how resistance training prescription variables (load, sets, frequency, time under tension, etc) affect muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function in healthy adults. Condition being studied: To determine how resistance training prescription variables (load, sets, frequency, time under tension, etc) affect muscle mass (hypertrophy), muscle strength, and physical function in healthy adults. Information sources: OVID MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science.

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Kraemer, William J. Strategies for Optimizing Strength, Power, and Muscle Hypertrophy in Women. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada348669.

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Zhao, Qingying, Wenxin Sun, Mingxuan Yu, and Xing Wang. A meta-analysis of the effects of vibration training on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical function in elderly with muscle attenuation syndrome. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0014.

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Losa, Jose Alfonso Morcillo, María del Pilar Díaz Martínez Martínez, Halil Ibrahim Ceylan, Beatriz Moreno Vecino, Francisco Tomás González Fernández, and Juan Parraga Montilla. EFFECTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON MUSCLE STRENGTH FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF SARCOPENIA IN ELDERLY ADULTS. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0069.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aimed to: (1) summarize the studies that have examined the determine the effects of high intensity interval training on muscle strength in older adults as an element of prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Summarize the studies that have examined the determine the effects of high intensity interval training on muscle strength in older adults as an element of prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Condition being studied: Physical performance of older adults exposed to high intensity interval training on muscle strength.

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Jimenez, Cristina, Andrés Felipe Villaquiran Hurtado, and Daniel Jerez Mayorga. Reliability of Dynamometric Measurements for Ankle Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.5.0068.

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Ubaku, Collins, Sam Ibeneme, and Ebuka Anieto. Effectiveness of exercise in the management of motor impairments, muscle atrophy and muscle strength in PLWH: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.10.0099.

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Jalil, Yorschua, and Ruvistay Gutierrez. Myokines secretion and their role in critically ill patients. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0048.

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Review question / Objective: 1-How and by which means stimulated muscle from critically ill patients can liberate myokines?, 2-Which are the main characteristics of the critically ill population studied and if some of these influenced myokine´s secretion?, 5-Can myokines exert local or distant effects in critically ill patients?, 5-Which are the potential effects of myokines in critically ill patients? Eligibility criteria: Participants and context: We will include primary studies (randomized or non-randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case report) that consider hospitalized critically ill adult patients (18 years or older) in risk for developing some degree of neuromuscular disorders such as ICU-AW, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or muscle weakness, therefore the specific setting will be critical care. Concept: This review will be focused on studies regarding the secretion or measure of myokines or similar (exerkines, cytokines or interleukin) by any mean of muscle activation or muscle contraction such as physical activity, exercise or NMES, among others. The latter strategies must be understood as any mean by which muscle, and there for myocytes, are stimulated as result of muscle contraction, regardless of the frequency, intensity, time of application and muscle to be stimulated (upper limb, lower limb, thoracic or abdominal muscles). We also will consider myokine´s effects, local or systemic, over different tissues in terms of their structure or function, such as myocytes function, skeletal muscle mass and strength, degree of muscle wasting or myopathies, among others.

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Li, Yao, Shuang Hu, Hongyu Chen, Minyi Zhang, and Yan Liu. Effect of multicomponent exercise on muscle strength, muscle endurance, and balance of frail older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0103.

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Phillips, Stuart, Kyle Lau, Alysha D'Souza та Everson Nunes. An umbrella review of systematic reviews of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation in promoting skeletal muscle mass and function in aging and clinical practice. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, жовтень 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0072.

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Review question / Objective: An umbrella review of systematic reviews of the use of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation in promoting skeletal muscle mass and function in aging and clinical practice. Condition being studied: Muscle mass (and various proxies thereof), strength, and physical function. Information sources: Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase.

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