Добірка наукової літератури з теми "MPSP"

There has been a growing interest in constructing stationary measures with known multifractal properties. In an earlier paper, the authors introduced themultifractal products of stochastic processes(MPSP) and provided basic properties concerning convergence, nondegeneracy, and scaling of moments. This paper considers a subclass of MPSP which is determined by jump processes with i.i.d. exponentially distributed interjump times. Particularly, the information dimension and a multifractal spectrum of the MPSP are computed. As a side result it is shown that the random partitions imprinted naturally by a family of Poisson point processes are sufficient to determine the spectrum in this case.

To deal with the uncertainty and disturbance that exist in the tracking system of an aerospace vehicle, an adaptive trajectory-tracking method based on a novel tracking model predictive static programming (T-MPSP) is proposed. Firstly, to make the proposed method more adaptive to uncertain parameter deviations, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) parameter correction strategy is designed. Then, the control constraints are considered to form a novel T-MPSP algorithm. By combining the parameter correction strategy with the improved T-MPSP algorithm, a novel adaptive tracking guidance scheme is presented. Finally, simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

AbstractImprinted genes uniquely drive and support fetoplacental growth by controlling the allocation of maternal resources to the fetus and affecting the newborn’s growth. We previously showed that alterations of the placental imprinted gene expression are associated with suboptimal perinatal growth and respond to environmental stimuli including socio-economic determinants. At the same time, maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy (MPSP) has been shown to affect fetal growth. Here, we set out to test the hypothesis that placental imprinted gene expression mediates the effects of MPSP on fetal growth in a well-characterized birth cohort, the Stress in Pregnancy (SIP) Study. We observed that mothers experiencing high MPSP deliver infants with lower birthweight (P=0.047). Among the 109 imprinted genes tested, we detected panels of placental imprinted gene expression of 23 imprinted genes associated with MPSP and 26 with birthweight. Among these genes, five imprinted genes (CPXM2, glucosidase alpha acid (GAA), GPR1, SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 (SHANK2) and THSD7A) were common to the two panels. In multivariate analyses, controlling for maternal age and education and gestational age at birth and infant gender, two genes, GAA and SHANK2, each showed a 22% mediation of MPSP on fetal growth. These data provide new insights into the role that imprinted genes play in translating the maternal stress message into a fetoplacental growth pattern.

This paper proposes an improved Generalized Quasi-Spectral Model Predictive Static Programming (GS-MPSP) algorithm for the ascent trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicles in a complex flight environment. The proposed method guarantees the satisfaction of constraints related to the state and control vector while retaining its high computational efficiency. The spectral representation technique is used to describe the control variables, which reduces the number of decision variables and makes the control input smooth enough. Through Taylor expansion, the constraints are transformed into an inequality containing only decision variables, such that it can be added into GS-MPSP framework. By Gauss quadrature collocation method, only a few collocation points are needed to solve the sensitivity matrix, which greatly accelerates the calculation. Subsequently, the analytical expression is obtained by combining the static optimization with the penalty function method. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed improved GS-MPSP algorithm can achieve both high computational efficiency and high terminal precision under the constraints.

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi elemen konteks, input, proses, dan produk dari Program Public Speaking “Muhadharah” di SD-IT di kota Serang. Ini adalah studi evaluasi yang menggunakan (Stufflebeam, 2005) model, Observasi, wawancara, analisis dokumen, dan sumber daya audio visual yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Data dievaluasi menggunakan model aliran penelitian data kualitatif yang dikemukakan oleh (Miles, 1994) yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan, dan verifikasi. Dalam hal evaluasi produk, MPSP menunjukkan bahwa mereka dapat memperluas kosa kata mereka. Ini membantu mereka dalam belajar bahasa Inggris di kelas, khususnya dalam berbicara; mereka dapat berbicara bahasa Inggris dengan lancar dan percaya diri, dan mereka memahami cara mengucapkan kata dan intonasi kalimat dengan benar. Ini memiliki potensi untuk membuat orang berani berbicara. Namun, masih perlu dikembangkan karena siswa yang mengikuti MPSP hanya mematuhi aturan dan tidak menyadari pentingnya bahasa bagi diri mereka sendiri.Kata kunci: Evaluasi, Model CIPP, Muhadharah Public Speaking Program (MPSP)

Tick-borne pathogens cause economically significant diseases in cattle. Theileria spp. are parasitic protozoa and the causative agent of bovine theileriosis. Here we report the distribution and risk factors of bovine Theileria using blood samples taken between 2018 and 2019. Of 737 tested cattle, nine animals (1.2%) were positive for Theileria orientalis infection by 18S rRNA gene amplification. Further analysis of the infected samples using the T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene revealed five different genotypes circulating in the population: Types 1, 2, 3, 7, and N3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research to describe the existence of the T. orientalis MPSP genotype N3 in South Korea. Although the prevalence of bovine T. orientalis was low, our study offers data on the geographical distribution and prevalence of bovine Theileria spp. in South Korea. Further studies are warranted to determine the correlation of clinical symptoms with parasite MPSP genotypes. Our data provide epidemiological information to help control bovine theileriosis in South Korea.

This paper proposes a CKF-MPSP guidance method for hitting stationary targets with impact time and angle constraints for missiles in the presence of modeling errors. This innovative guidance scheme is composed of three parts: First, the model predictive static programming (MPSP) algorithm is used to design a nominal guidance method that simultaneously satisfies impact time and angle constraints. Second, the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is introduced to estimate values of the influence of the inevitable modeling errors. Finally, a one-step compensation scheme is proposed to eliminate the modeling errors’ influence. The proposed method uses a real missile dynamics model, instead of a simplified one with a constant-velocity assumption, and eliminates the effects of modeling errors with the compensation scheme; thus, it is more practical. Simulations in the presence of modeling errors are conducted, and the results illustrate that the CKF-MPSP guidance method can reach the target with a high accuracy of impact time and angles, which demonstrates the high precision and strong robustness of the method.

SUMMARYTo investigate the phylogeny of benignTheileriaparasites, we determined the complete major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene sequences for 6 benign theilerial organisms, including the first from tick. Sequences were analysed alongside published sequences for 39 benignTheileriaparasites, using Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony. All MPSP sequences were 852 nucleotides, except for Gansu, Wuchangbuf, VB01, and VB01; Gansu contained 873 nucleotides, and the other 3 had 855. Deduced amino acid sequences contained 284 residues, except for Gansu (291) and Wuchangbuf, VB01, and VB01 (285 each). Pairwise comparisons showed identities among 45 theilerial MPSP sequences ranging from 70·9 to 99·8% for nucleotide and 71·0 to 100% for amino acid sequences. Our results clearly indicate that all global parasites, excluding Brisbane, were classified into 1 of 8 types; 6 types ofTheileriaexist in Korea. Each type, excluding Type 6, has several type-specific amino acid sequences. The phylogenetic tree derived from the nucleotide sequences showed 2 sister-group relationships, Type 2+Type 7 and Type 3+Brisbane, with a new branching pattern: (Type 6 (Type 8 ((Type 2, Type 7), (Type 1, (Type 4, (Type 5, (Type 3, Brisbane))))))). Our sequence data showed no geographical influence on worldwideTheileriaparasite distribution.

When sample replicates are limited in a label-free proteomics experiment, selecting differentially regulated proteins with an assignment of statistical significance remains difficult for proteins with a single-peptide hit or a small fold-change. This paper aims to address this issue. An important component of the approach employed here is to utilize the rule of Minimum number of Permuted Significant Pairings (MPSP) to reduce false positives. The MPSP rule generates permuted sample pairings from limited analytical replicates and simply requires that a differentially regulated protein can be selected only when it is found significant in designated number of permuted sample pairings. Both a power law global error model with a signal-to-noise ratio statistic (PLGEM-STN) and a constant fold-change threshold were initially used to select differentially regulated proteins. But both methods were found not stringent enough to control the false discovery rate to 5% in this study. On the other hand, the combination of the MPSP rule with either of these two methods significantly reduces false positives with little effect on the sensitivity to select differentially regulated proteins including those with a single-peptide hit or with a <2-fold change.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A temática dos resíduos sólidos, especialmente os resíduos sólidos urbanos, é de fundamental importância para a ciência geográfica, visto que aborda variáveis pertinentes ao debate sociedade e natureza ao considerar as contradições entre o consumo, o descarte, a desigualdade social, as questões de ordem política e os impactos ao ambiente associado. Assim, demonstra-se como um campo interdisciplinar profícuo à análise ambiental dentro da Geografia. No entanto, avista-se um cenário preocupante, de ordem socioeconômica e ambiental, visto que o descarte em massa de resíduos ultrapassa 1kg.hab./dia, maior em países desenvolvidos, gerando anualmente bilhões de toneladas de resíduos em todo o mundo sendo que em grande parte dos países não há uma destinação final adequada. Tal cenário também é perceptível nos 57 municípios que fazem parte do acordo MPF/MPSP x CESP de 2009, área de análise desta pesquisa; a qual está permeada por literatura nacional e internacional, dados oficiais, produtos adquiridos por meio de geoprocessamento, trabalho de campo e entrevistas que serviram para validar ou invalidar alguns dados oficiais acerca da disposição final ambientalmente adequada. A partir de tais procedimentos, objetivou-se, de forma geral, demonstrar as falhas político-institucionais que impedem, a partir do estudo de caso regional, a implantação integral das metas e diretrizes da Lei Federal n. 12.305/2010, a qual instituiu a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). Essa política tem se mostrado fundamental para criar um novo cenário sobre a gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos no Brasil. No entanto, em razão da sua extensão territorial, características geográficas diferenciadas, desenvolvimento socioeconômico desigual e diversidade cultural brasileira, a implantação tanto da destinação quanto da disposição final ambientalmente adequada não tem sido observada, ainda mais que depende de esforços sociopolíticos em todas as esferas – executivo, legislativo e jurídico - e escalas de poder – municipal, estadual e federal. Nesse âmbito, a tese parte da hipótese de que tanto a implantação da destinação quanto à disposição final se mostra inviável, pois demonstra falhas de ordem político-institucionais na área de estudo. Assim, para desenvolver tais prerrogativas, analisou-se de forma teórica os mecanismos da sociedade de consumo que levam ao descarte em massa, bem como as diretrizes de gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil e no mundo. Já de modo qualitativo e quantitativo, discutiu-se a questão dos planos municipais de gestão e gerenciamento integrados e suas relações com o âmbito nacional, assim como a destinação e disposição final dos resíduos. A partir de tais leituras avistou de modo teórico um cenário de transformação de pessoas em mercadorias a partir do consumo e a evolução das diretrizes da gestão e gerenciamento, as quais visam a busca de uma destinação e disposição ambientalmente adequada para um cenário problemático em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Concluiu-se que para a região estudada houve o desenvolvimento de uma política pública em prol da implementação da destinação e disposição ambientalmente adequada aos municípios contemplados pelo Acordo MPF/MPSP x CESP de 2009. Todavia, detectou-se uma incompletude dos Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PMGIRS), levando a precarização do planejamento da atividade no âmbito municipal. Em relação a destinação final, observou-se ainda inviabilidade geografia, pois existe uma concentração espacial das industrias recicladoras. Por fim, os mapeamentos realizados indicaram uma série de irregularidades, que colocam em xeque os dados oficiais relacionados a disposição final na região. Assim, a partir desse conjunto de falhas demonstradas na pesquisa, é possível apontar que a implementação da PNRS não tem se mostrado viável, tanto na região quanto no restante do país.
The theme of solid waste, especially urban solid waste, is of fundamental importance for geographic science, since it addresses relevant variables to the debate on society and nature since it considers the contradictions between consumption, disposal, social inequality, issues of political order and the impacts on the associated environment. Therefore, an interdisciplinary field is shown to be useful for environmental analysis within geography. However, a worrisome scenario is observed, of the socio-economic and socio-environmental order, since the massive waste disposal exceeds 1kg.hab./day, higher in developed countries, generating annually billions of tons of waste around the world being that in a large part of the countries there is no adequate final destination. This scenario is also perceptible in the 57 municipalities that are part of the MPF / MPSP x CESP agreement of 2009, the area of analysis of this research; which is permeated by national and international literature, official data, products acquired through geoprocessing, field work and interviews that served to validate or to invalidate some official data about the environmentally appropriate final disposal. Based on these procedures, the general objective was to demonstrate the political-institutional failures that prevent, from the regional case study, the integral implementation of the goals and guidelines of Federal Law n. 12,305 / 2010, which instituted the National Policy on Solid Waste (PNRS). This policy has been fundamental to create a new scenario on waste management in Brazil. However, due to its territorial extension, different geographical characteristics, unequal socioeconomic development and Brazilian cultural diversity, the implementation of both destination and environmentally adequate final disposal has not been observed, being that it depends on sociopolitical efforts in all spheres - executive, legislative and juridical - and scales of power - municipal, state and federal. In this field, the thesis is based on the hypothesis that both the implementation of the destination and the final disposition are not viable, since it demonstrates political-institutional failures in the study area. Thus, to develop such prerogatives, the mechanisms of the consumer society leading to mass discarding were analyzed theoretically, as well as the guidelines for the management of solid urban waste in Brazil and in the world. In a qualitative and quantitative way, the question of integrated municipal management plans and their relations with the national scope was discussed, as well as the destination and final disposition of the waste. Based on these readings, it was theoretically observed a scenario of people's transformation into merchandise based on consumption and the evolution of management guidelines, which point to the search for an environmentally appropriate destination and disposition for a problematic scenario as observed in developing countries like Brazil. It was concluded that, for the studied region, a public policy development was achieved in favor of the implementation of the allocation of environmentally adequate disposition in the municipalities contemplated by the MPF / MPSP x CESP Agreement of 2009. However, an incompleteness of the Integrated Solid Waste Management Municipal Plans (PMGIRS) was detected, leading to precarization of activity planning at the municipal level. Regarding the final destination, the geographycally unviability was still observed, since there is a spatial concentration of the recycling industries. Finally, the mappings indicated a series of irregularities, which put in evidence the official data related to the final disposition in the region. Thus, from this set of failures demonstrated in the research, it is possible to point out that the implementation of the PNRS has not been shown to be viable, both in the region and in the rest of the country.
La temática de los residuos sólidos, especialmente los residuos sólidos urbanos, es de fundamental importancia para la ciencia geográfica, ya que aborda variables pertinentes al debate sociedad y naturaleza al considerar las contradicciones entre el consumo, el descarte, la desigualdad social, las cuestiones de orden político y los impactos al ambiente asociado. De esta forma se muestra un campo interdisciplinario provechoso al análisis ambiental dentro de la Geografía. Sin embargo, se observa un escenario preocupante, de orden socioeconómico como socio-ambiental, puesto que el descarte masivo de residuos sobrepasa 1kg.hab./dia, mayor en países desarrollados, generando anualmente miles de millones de toneladas de residuos en todo el mundo mundo siendo que en gran parte de los países no hay un destino final adecuado. Este escenario también es perceptible en los 57 municipios que forman parte del acuerdo MPF / MPSP x CESP de 2009, área de análisis de esta investigación; la cual está permeada por literatura nacional e internacional, datos oficiales, productos adquiridos por medio de geoprocesamiento, trabajo de campo y entrevistas que sirvieron para validar o invalidar algunos datos oficiales acerca de la disposición final ambientalmente adecuada. A partir de tales procedimientos, se trazó como objetivo general demostrar las fallas político-institucionales que impiden, a partir del estudio de caso regional, la implantación integral de las metas y directrices de la Ley Federal n. 12.305 / 2010, la cual instituyó la Política Nacional de Residuos Sólidos (PNRS). Esta política se ha mostrado fundamental para crear un nuevo escenario sobre la gestión de residuos en Brasil. Sin embargo, debido a su extensión territorial, características geográficas diferenciadas, desarrollo socioeconómico desigual y diversidad cultural brasileña, la implantación tanto del destino y de la disposición final ambientalmente adecuada no ha sido observada, aún más que depende de esfuerzos sociopolíticos en todas las esferas - ejecutivo, legislativo y jurídico - y escalas de poder - municipal, estatal y federal. En este ámbito, la tesis parte de la hipótesis de que tanto la implantación del destino como la disposición final se muestra inviable, pues demuestra fallas de orden político-institucionales en el área de estudio. Así, para desarrollar tales prerrogativas, se analizó de forma teórica los mecanismos de la sociedad de consumo que llevan al descarte masivo, así como las directrices de gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos en Brasil y en el mundo. De modo cualitativo y cuantitativo, se discutió la cuestión de los planes municipales de gestión integrados y sus relaciones con el ámbito nacional, así como el destino y disposición final de los residuos. A partir de tales lecturas, observó de modo teórico un escenario de transformación de personas en mercancías a partir del consumo y la evolución de las directrices de la gestión, las cuales apuntan a la búsqueda de un destino y disposición ambientalmente adecuada para un escenario problemático en países en desarrollo como Brasil. Se concluyó que para la región estudiada hubo desarrollo de una política pública en pro de la implementación de la asignación y disposición ambientalmente adecuada a los municipios contemplados por el Acuerdo MPF / MPSP x CESP de 2009. Sin embargo, se detectó una incompletitud de los Planes Municipales de Gestión Integrada de Residuos Sólidos (PMGIRS), llevando a la precarización de la planificación de la actividad en el ámbito municipal. En cuanto a la destinación final, se observó todavía la inviabilidad geografía, pues existe una concentración espacial de las industrias recicladoras. Por último, los mapeos realizados indicaron una serie de irregularidades, que ponen en jaque los datos oficiales relacionados con la disposición final en la región. Así, a partir de ese conjunto de fallas demostradas en la investigación, es posible apuntar que la implementación de la PNRS no se ha mostrado viable, tanto en la región como en el resto del país.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Bovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by one or more haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Theileria. In the past, Theileria infection in cattle in Australia was largely asymptomatic and recognized to be associated with Theileria buffeli. However, in the recent years, outbreaks of theileriosis have occurred in beef and dairy cattle in subtropical climatic regions (New South Wales) of Australia. There is also one published report of a recent theileriosis outbreak on a beef farm near Seymour in the south-eastern state of Victoria. In order to gain an improved insight into the genetic composition of Theileria populations following this outbreak, we undertook herein an integrated PCR-coupled mutation scanning-sequencing-phylogenetic analysis of sequence variation in part of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene within and among samples from cattle involved in the outbreak. Theileria DNA was detected in 89.4% of 94 cattle on the Seymour farm; the genetic analysis showed that the ikeda and chitose genotypes representing the Theileria orientalis complex were detected in 75% and 4.8% of 84 infected cattle, respectively, and that mixed populations of these two genotypes were found in 20.2% of infected cattle. Given unpublished reports of a significant increase in the number of outbreaks in Victoria, future investigations should focus sharply on elucidating the epidemiology of Theileria to subvert the economic impact on the cattle industry in this state. Although used here to explore genetic variation within the T. orientalis complex in Australia, a mutation scanning-based approach has broad applicability to other species of Theileria in other countries.
RESUMO - ANÁLISE GENÉTICA DE POPULAÇÕES DE THEILERIA ORIENTALIS, EM BOVINOS, APÓS UM SURTO DE THEILERIOSE EM VITORIA, AUSTRÁLIA - A teileriose é uma doença transmitida por carraças e causada por hemoprotozoários pertencentes a uma ou mais espécies do género Theileria. Historicamente, a infecção de gado na Austrália, com este parasita, é considerada assintomática e associada especificamente à espécie Theileria buffeli. Contudo, nos últimos anos, surtos de teileriose têm ocorrido tanto em explorações de carne como de leite em regiões de clima subtropical da Austrália (Nova Gales do Sul). Recentemente foi publicado um relatório, correspondente a um surto de teileriose perto de Seymour, Victoria, um estado a sudeste do país. A fim de obter uma melhor compreensão sobre a composição genética das populações de Theileria envolvidas neste surto, foi levado a cabo um sistema de análise integrada de PCR - análise de mutações – sequenciação– filogenia, das variações existentes na sequência de parte do gene codificador da principal proteína de superfície do piroplasma (major piroplasm surface protein – MPSP), dentro e entre diferentes amostras provenientes de animais residentes na exploração envolvida no surto. O ADN do parasita foi detectado em 89,4% de 94 bovinos testados, na exploração de Seymour e a subsequente análise genética mostrou que os genótipos Ikeda e Chitose, representativos do complexo formado por diferentes estirpes pertencentes à espécie Theileria orientalis, foram detectados em 75% e 4,8% de 84 animais infectados, respectivamente, e que populações mistas compostas por ambos os genótipos foram detectadas em 20,2% desses mesmos animais. Dado que, relatórios não publicados apontam para um aumento significativo do número de surtos de teileriose em Victoria, futuras investigações deverão centrar-se fortemente na elucidação da epidemiologia deste parasita, a fim de avaliar o impacto económico que este poderá ter sobre a indústria bovina neste Estado. Ademais, apesar de usados neste estudo para explorar a variação genética das populações de T. orientalis na Austrália, uma abordagem baseada na análise de mutações tem ampla aplicabilidade para outras espécies de Theileria presentes em outros países.

We investigate aspects, in various contexts, of entanglement and the wave particle duality. We show that the dynamics of tripartite systems which interact via one excitation exchange leads to a direct connection between entanglement sudden death and the appearance of genuine entanglement. We also show that this is valid (not with the same generality) also for a four partite system in the context of the double JaynesCummings model. Moreover we show that the entanglement dynamics in this case can be completely expressed in geometrical terms. Using the same system we show that by performing adequate Zeno like measurements it is possible to freeze, increase, or even revive the initial entanglement. This intriguing result is also associated to entanglement sudden death. As far as wave particle duality and entanglement are concerned we studied a particle going through an interferometer equipped with a whichway device. We quantified the quality of the probe and exhibit its connection with the availability of the whichway information provided by the probe system. When the probe system information is unaccessible only the particle character will be observed. We obtain limits for a good (quantum regime) and for a bad (classical regime) whichway detector (probe system). We used our results to interpret a recent experiment set up to test the quantumclassical border where the probe covers from the quantum to the classical limit. We showed that the experimental errors influenced the conclusion inferred form the data about having achieved the classical limit. Finally we analyze the Ramsey zones from the point of view of our findings and provide for a transparent physical interpretation. In this case the classical limit of the probe system is reached due to a source plus strong dissipation dynamics, which swaps whichway information to a system containing an infinite number of degrees of freedom, making thus sure that any whichway information becomes unavailable.
Nesta tese o emaranhamento e a dualidade ondapartida são os temas principais de estudo. Para examinar alguns dos aspectos e características do emaranhamento, analisamos sistemas de três e quatro partes constituídos por átomos e pelo campo eletromagnético. A interação átomocampo é dada pelo modelo de JaynesCummings. De início mostramos que existe uma ligação direta entre o emaranhamento residual e a morte súbita de emaranhamento quando a interação entre os sistemas é do tipo troca de excitações. Como extensão, estudamos um sistema dinâmico de quatro partes e mostramos que havendo morte súbita haverá um emaranhamento que não pode ser contabilizado apenas via o emaranhamento das bipartições. Estudamos ainda os aspectos geométricos relativos à dinâmica do emaranhamento e mostramos que existe uma manifestação geométrica da morte súbita. Na sequência, neste mesmo modelo de quatro partes, ao intervir na dinâmica com medidas tipo Zeno, mostramos que a dinâmica de emaranhamento é alterada e com isso tornase possível congelar, aumentar e reviver o emaranhamento. Contudo, a possibilidade de aumentar e reviver o emaranhamento está vinculada a existência de MSE em alguma partição. Fizemos ainda uma investigação sobre a dualidade ondapartícula considerando uma partícula quântica que atravessa um interferômetro equipado com um marcador de caminho. Neste trabalho, quantificamos a qualidade da ponta de prova e mostramos sua conexão com a quantidade de informação de quecaminho que ficou disponível. Percebemos que quando a ponta de prova é incapaz de disponibilizar a informação de quecaminho então será um sistema que possui apenas comportamento tipo corpúsculo. Encontramos limites para um bom (regime quântico) ou um mal (regime clássico) discriminador de quecaminho. Aplicamos nossos resultados a um experimento de complementaridade na borda quânticoclássico onde a ponta de prova transita do regime quântico ao clássico. Mostramos que as imperfeições experimentais influem na conclusão tirada acerca do limite clássico. Em seguida, analisamos as zonas de Ramsey onde nossos resultados fornecem uma simples interpretação. Neste caso, o limite clássico da ponta de prova é alcançado mediante a dinâmica fonte+dissipação que varre a informação de quecaminho e a leva para um sistema com infinitos graus de liberdade deixandoa completamente indisponível.

Much work has been done on design of efficient coded modulation schemes since the publication of [Ungerboeck, 1982] for trellis coded modulation and [Imai & Hirakawa, 1977] for block coded modulation. Recently, increasing interest in digital mobile radio and indoor wireless systems has led to the consideration of coded modulation designs for combating fading channels. In this research, it is intended to present results of an investigation of the construction of Reed Solomon coded MPSK modulation which is robust for the Gaussian channel and a Rayleigh fading channel. Two approaches have been applied to Reed Solomon coded modulation. First, a Reed Solomon code was combined with MPSK signal set using Gray code mapping; this was called Reed Solomon coded modulation not based on set partitioning. This approach was the baseline scheme which would be compared with the proposed approach, namely Reed Solomon coded modulation based on set partitioning. The second approach to coded MPSK with M = 2m was multilevel Reed Solomon coding. In this case, each of the m bits defining an MPSK symbol was coded and decoded by different Reed Solomon codecs. The set partitioning principle was applied to define subsets with distances Deltai,-, (i = 1 to m) that were nondecreasing with i. Each of the m bits defined a subset and was decoded in multistage decoding schemes. The novel idea here was that in the receiver, we used a rotated 2m+1-PSK detector if the transmitter used a 2m-PSK modulator. The designs of Reed Solomon coded modulation schemes for the Gaussian channel and a Rayleigh fading channel (i.e. choice of the code configurations which were suitable for this channel) have been studied. The performance of Reed Solomon coded modulation based on set partitioning was compared with Reed Solomon coded modulation not based on set-partitioning, then with multilevel Reed Solomon coded modulation using Gray mapping and finally with coded modulation schemes using binary codes, Reed Muller codes. It has been shown that over the Gaussian channel and a Rayleigh fading channel, Reed Solomon coded modulation based on set partitioning is better than several alternatives, such as schemes not based on set partitioning, multistage Reed Solomon coded modulation based on Gray mapping and Reed Muller coded modulation. It was found that good codes for a Rayleigh fading channel have configurations in which all component codes have the same minimum Hamming distance because the fading phase is uniformly distributed random process. Therefore, by matching configurations of component codes with the channel characteristics, it was shown that Reed Solomon coded modulation based on set partitioning was robust for the Gaussian and a Rayleigh fading channel. Reed Solomon coded modulation schemes were applied to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions. The main disadvantage of OFDM systems is that they have high Peak-to-Mean Envelope Power Ratio (PMEPR). A scheme for reducing the PMEPR of OFDM systems was investigated. Multiphase complementary code pairs of length 2 are proposed to reduce the PMEPR of MPSK and QAM OFDM. Concatenated codes with Reed Solomon coded modulation as an inner code and an RS(511, 443) code as an outer code are proposed as coding schemes for OFDM systems.

Mps1 est une protéine kinase à double spécificité impliquée dans le point de contrôle du fuseau mitotique et l'alignement des chromosomes. L'augmentation de l'activité de Mps1 est corrélée avec une augmentation de son niveau de phosphorylation lors de l'entrée en mitose. Cependant, les mécanismes contrôlant cette activation sont inconnus. Nous avons donc cherché à identifier les sites de phosphorylation de Mps1 afin d'étudier leur contribution à la régulation de Mps1. Par spectrométrie de masse, nous avons identifié jusqu'à 27 sites, et nous avons choisi de mutagéniser 11 d'entre eux individuellement en acides aminés non-phosphorylables (alanine), sur la base de leur conservation entre la protéine humaine et de xenope. Nous montrons que trois de ces sites de phosphorylation (S283, T697 et T707) sont essentiels pour l'activité kinase de Mps1, et pour son rôle dans le checkpoint mitotique. Deux de ces sites (T697 et T707) sont localisés dans la boucle d'activation du domaine kinase de Mps1 et sont des sites d'autophosphorylation. La phosphorylation sur le troisième site (S283) requiert une autre kinase. S283 est localisée dans le domaine non-catalytique de Mps1 qui est peu caractérisé et est impliqué dans le recrutement de Mps1 au kinétochore. Nous montrons par immunofluorescence que l'absence de phosphate sur le site S283 ne perturbe pas significativement le recrutement de Mad2 au kinétochore. Enfin, en utilisant des inhibiteurs et l'anticorps spécifique de la phosphorylation du site S283 que nous avons développé, nous montrons que le site S283 est phosphorylé en mitose par CDK, suggérant que les fonctions de Mps1 qui sont spécifiques de la mitose soient régulées par une phosphorylation dépendante des CDKs
Mps1 is a dual-specificity protein kinase involved in the spindle assembly checkpoint and chromosome alignment. Mps1 phosphorylation state and activity increase in mitosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. We therefore sought to identify Mps1 phosphorylation sites and to study their contribution to Mps1 regulation. By mass spectrometry we identified up to 27 phosphorylation sites on Mps1. We chose 11 sites that were conserved between Xenopus and human Mps1, and constructed 11 non-phosphorylatable single point mutants. We show that three phosphorylation sites (S283, T697 and T707) are essential for the kinase activity and the checkpoint signalling function of Mps1. Two of these sites (T697 and T707) are located in the activation loop of Mps1 kinase domain and are autophosphorylation sites. Phosphorylation on the third site (S283) results from the activity of an upstream kinase. S283 is located in the less characterized non-catalytic domain that is responsible for the kinetochore localization of Mps1. By immunofuorescence we show that the absence of the phosphate at S283 does not significantly perturb the kinetochore recruitment of the spindle assembly checkpoint component Mad2. Finally, using inhibitors and our developed phosphospecific antibody we demonstrate that Mps1 is phosphorylated at S283 in mitosis by cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), suggesting that mitosis specific functions of Mps1 kinase are regulated by Cdk-dependent phosphorylation

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a conserved surveillance system, ensures genomic stability by delaying anaphase entry until all sister chromatids are attached to the mitotic spindle. The SAC network is active at unattached kinetochores and a complex signalling cascade culminates in the production of a diffusible 'wait anaphase' signal. Regulation of protein:protein interactions by reversible phosphorylation is critical in this signalling pathway. The checkpoint kinase Mps1, a central regulator of the SAC, plays a positive role in enabling protein interactions. Mps1 builds the SAC network by phosphorylating multiple kinetochore targets and in doing so it coordinates mitotic exit with microtubule binding. Given the critical role Mps1 plays in SAC activation, precise regulation of the activity and localisation of Mps1 must be key in controlling the activation status of the SAC. Mps1 binds to unattached kinetochores and is activated by autophosphorylation of its T-loop. However, once chromosomes are attached to the spindle and the SAC is satisfied Mps1 is switched off. The mechanisms controlling the inactivation of Mps1 were unknown. Here, it is shown that phosphorylation of T676, located on the activation loop of Mps1, is important in controlling Mps1 activity and SAC signalling. A PP2A-B56 phosphatase complex opposes Mps1 activation by directly dephosphorylating its activation loop both in vitro and in vivo. The interaction of PP2A-B56 with BubR1 is essential for this dephosphorylation event. Moreover, preliminary results from experiments combining Mps1 immunoprecipitations with mass spectrometry indicate that phosphate groups are globally lost from Mps1 when the SAC is inactive. The binding of interaction partners is a common mechanism used by kinases to regulate their function. Knl1 is present in Mps1 complexes by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. While these results are still preliminary it is clear from siRNA depletion that Knl1 plays a previously unidentified role in regulating the localisation of Mps1. Together, these results signify an important advance in our knowledge of how the function of Mps1 is controlled.

AbstractIncreasing complex space missions require launch vehicles to be with greater load-carrying capacity, better orbit injection accuracy and higher reliability. Such demands also cause the increased complexity of the vehicle, leading to a higher probability of fault, especially for the propulsion system. To remedy this issue, an advanced and robust ascent guidance capable of fault-tolerant is critical for the success of mission. Iterative guidance method [1] (IGM) and powered explicit guidance [2] (PEG) are two commonly used methods for the ascent phase of launch vehicles. These two guidance methods work well in the nominal condition and can adapt to many off-nominal conditions [3]. However, they lack of strong adaptive capacity, which cannot guarantee the reliability when the dynamic model or parameters change significantly. Alternatively, numerical approaches based on the optimal control theory may be the better choice. The existing algorithms can be divided into direct methods and indirect methods. Using the indirect methods, the guidance problem is transformed into Hamilton two-point boundary value problems [4] (TPBVP), but the solving process of this Hamilton two-point boundary value problem is complicated and highly sensitive to the initial guess. Using the direct method, the guidance problem is transformed into a nonlinear programming problem [5] (NLP). However, solving such problem is extremely computational intensive, which is difficult to meet the real-time requirement for online application.