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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "MOx sensor"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 21 червня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "MOx sensor"

Yurko, Gabriel, Javad Roostaei, Timothy Dittrich, Lanyu Xu, Michael Ewing, Yongli Zhang, and Gina Shreve. "Real-Time Sensor Response Characteristics of 3 Commercial Metal Oxide Sensors for Detection of BTEX and Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Organic Vapors." Chemosensors 7, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7030040.

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Анотація:

The objective of this study was to examine the sensor response characteristics of three commercial Internet of Things (IoT) compatible metal oxide (MOx) sensors in preparation for the development of field-scale sensor networks for the real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor environments located in proximity to brownfield sites. Currently, there is limited examination of such sensor responses to relevant mixtures of target VOCs, such as the common petrochemicals benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), as well as chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon (CAH) contaminants such as tetrachloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) which are frequently associated with deterioration of indoor air quality. To address this, a study of three commercial metal oxide (MOx) sensors (SGP30, BME680, and CCS811) was undertaken to examine the sensor response characteristics of individual components as well as mixtures of each of the target BTEX and CAH chemicals over relevant indoor air concentrations within the operating range of the MOx sensors (0–6000 ppb). Our investigation revealed similar response patterns to those previously reported for the thick film MOx sensor to most individual target VOCs, however, response trends for mixtures were more difficult to discern. In general, the MOx sensors we examined demonstrated similar magnitude responses to the CAHs as BTEX compounds indicating reliable detection of CAHs.

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Abdullah, Abdulnasser Nabil, Kamarulzaman Kamarudin, Latifah Munirah Kamarudin, Abdul Hamid Adom, Syed Muhammad Mamduh, Zaffry Hadi Mohd Juffry, and Victor Hernandez Bennetts. "Correction Model for Metal Oxide Sensor Drift Caused by Ambient Temperature and Humidity." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093301.

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Анотація:

For decades, Metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors have been commercially available and used in various applications such as the Smart City, gas monitoring, and safety due to advantages such as high sensitivity, a high detection range, fast reaction time, and cost-effectiveness. However, several factors affect the sensing ability of MOX gas sensors. This article presents the results of a study on the cross-sensitivity of MOX gas sensors toward ambient temperature and humidity. A gas sensor array consisting of temperature and humidity sensors and four different MOX gas sensors (MiCS-5524, GM-402B, GM-502B, and MiCS-6814) was developed. The sensors were subjected to various relative gas concentrations, temperatures (from 16 °C to 30 °C), and humidity levels (from 75% to 45%), representing a typical indoor environment. The results proved that the gas sensor responses were significantly affected by the temperature and humidity. The increased temperature and humidity levels led to a decreased response for all sensors, except for MiCS-6814, which showed the opposite response. Hence, this work proposed regression models for each sensor, which can correct the gas sensor response drift caused by the ambient temperature and humidity variations. The models were validated, and the standard deviations of the corrected sensor response were found to be 1.66 kΩ, 13.17 kΩ, 29.67 kΩ, and 0.12 kΩ, respectively. These values are much smaller compared to the raw sensor response (i.e., 18.22, 24.33 kΩ, 95.18 kΩ, and 2.99 kΩ), indicating that the model provided a more stable output and minimised the drift. Overall, the results also proved that the models can be used for MOX gas sensors employed in the training process, as well as for other sets of gas sensors.

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Müller, Gerhard, and Giorgio Sberveglieri. "Origin of Baseline Drift in Metal Oxide Gas Sensors: Effects of Bulk Equilibration." Chemosensors 10, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10050171.

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Анотація:

Metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors and gas sensor arrays are widely used to detect toxic, combustible, and corrosive gases and gas mixtures inside ambient air. Important but poorly researched effects counteracting reliable detection are the phenomena of sensor baseline drift and changes in gas response upon long-term operation of MOX gas sensors. In this paper, it is shown that baseline drift is not limited to materials with poor crystallinity, but that this phenomenon principally also occurs in materials with almost perfect crystalline order. Building on this result, a theoretical framework for the analysis of such phenomena is developed. This analysis indicates that sensor drift is caused by the slow annealing of quenched-in non-equilibrium oxygen-vacancy donors as MOX gas sensors are operated at moderate temperatures for prolonged periods of time. Most interestingly, our analysis predicts that sensor drift in n-type MOX materials can potentially be mitigated or even suppressed by doping with metal impurities with chemical valences higher than those of the core metal constituents of the host crystals.

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Martinez, Burgués, and Marco. "Fast Measurements with MOX Sensors: A Least-Squares Approach to Blind Deconvolution." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 4029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19184029.

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Анотація:

Metal oxide (MOX) sensors are widely used for chemical sensing due to their low cost, miniaturization, low power consumption and durability. Yet, getting instantaneous measurements of fluctuating gas concentration in turbulent plumes is not possible due to their slow response time. In this paper, we show that the slow response of MOX sensors can be compensated by deconvolution, provided that an invertible, parametrized, sensor model is available. We consider a nonlinear, first-order dynamic model that is mathematically tractable for MOX identification and deconvolution. By transforming the sensor signal in the log-domain, the system becomes linear in the parameters and these can be estimated by the least-squares techniques. Moreover, we use the MOX diversity in a sensor array to avoid training with a supervised signal. The information provided by two (or more) sensors, exposed to the same flow but responding with different dynamics, is exploited to recover the ground truth signal (gas input). This approach is known as blind deconvolution. We demonstrate its efficiency on MOX sensors recorded in turbulent plumes. The reconstructed signal is similar to the one obtained with a fast photo-ionization detector (PID). The technique is thus relevant to track a fast-changing gas concentration with MOX sensors, resulting in a compensated response time comparable to that of a PID.

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Samotaev, Nikolay, Konstantin Oblov, Anastasia Ivanova, Boris Podlepetsky, Nikolay Volkov, and Nazar Zibilyuk. "Technology for SMD Packaging MOX Gas Sensors." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 30, 2018): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130934.

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The perspective combination of laser micromilling technology and jet (aerosol) printing technologies for ceramic MEMS producing of microhotplate in the surface mounted device (SMD) package for the metal oxide (MOX) sensor is describing. There are discusses technological and economic aspects of small-scale production of gas MOX sensors. Experiments with laser micromilling of Al2O3 ceramics confirmed possibility to produce MEMS microhotplate for MOX gas sensor in SMD package with form-factor SOT-23. Developed technology process is close to 3D prototype philosophy—rapid, simple and cheap.

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Samotaev, Nikolay, Konstantin Oblov, and Anastasia Ivanova. "Laser Micromilling Technology as a Key for Rapid Prototyping SMD ceramic MEMS devices." MATEC Web of Conferences 207 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820704003.

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Анотація:

The flexible laser micromilling technology for ceramic MEMS producing of microhotplate in the surface mounted device (SMD) package for the metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors is describing. There are discusses technological and economic aspects of small-scale production of gas MOX sensors in comparison with classical clean room technologies using for mass production MEMS devices. The main technical factors affecting on using MOX sensors in various applications are presented. Current results demonstrate that using described technology possible to manufacturing all parts of MOX gas sensor in the SMD form-factor SOT-23 package type.

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Jaeschke, Carsten, Oriol Gonzalez, Johannes J. Glöckler, Leila T. Hagemann, Kaylen E. Richardson, Francesc Adrover, Marta Padilla, Jan Mitrovics, and Boris Mizaikoff. "A Novel Modular eNose System Based on Commercial MOX Sensors to Detect Low Concentrations of VOCs for Breath Gas Analysis." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 30, 2018): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130993.

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In this work, a new generation of eNose systems particularly suited for exhaled breath gas analysis is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact modular, low volume, temperature controlled sensing chamber explicitly tested for the detection of acetone, isoprene, pentane and isopropanol. The eNose system sensing chamber consists of three compartments, each of which can contain 8 analog Metal Oxide (MOX) sensors or 10 digital MOX sensors. Additional sensors within the digital compartment allow for pressure, humidity and temperature measurements. The presented eNose system contains a sensor array with up to 30 physical sensors and provides the ability to discriminate between low VOC concentrations under dry and humid conditions. The MOX sensor signals were analyzed by pattern recognition methods.

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Wen, Wei-Chih, Ting-I. Chou, and Kea-Tiong Tang. "A Gas Mixture Prediction Model Based on the Dynamic Response of a Metal-Oxide Sensor." Micromachines 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090598.

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Анотація:

Metal-oxide (MOX) gas sensors are widely used for gas concentration estimation and gas identification due to their low cost, high sensitivity, and stability. However, MOX sensors have low selectivity to different gases, which leads to the problem of classification for mixtures and pure gases. In this study, a square wave was applied as the heater waveform to generate a dynamic response on the sensor. The information of the dynamic response, which includes different characteristics for different gases due to temperature changes, enhanced the selectivity of the MOX sensor. Moreover, a polynomial interaction term mixture model with a dynamic response is proposed to predict the concentration of the binary mixtures and pure gases. The proposed method improved the classification accuracy to 100%. Moreover, the relative error of quantification decreased to 1.4% for pure gases and 13.0% for mixtures.

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Palacín, Jordi, Eduard Clotet, and Elena Rubies. "Assessing over Time Performance of an eNose Composed of 16 Single-Type MOX Gas Sensors Applied to Classify Two Volatiles." Chemosensors 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10030118.

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Анотація:

This paper assesses the over time performance of a custom electronic nose (eNose) composed of an array of commercial low-cost and single-type miniature metal-oxide (MOX) semiconductor gas sensors. The eNose uses 16 BME680 versatile sensor devices, each including an embedded non-selective MOX gas sensor that was originally proposed to measure the total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) in the air. This custom eNose has been used previously to detect ethanol and acetone, obtaining initial promising classification results that worsened over time because of sensor drift. The current paper assesses the over time performance of different classification methods applied to process the information gathered from the eNose. The best classification results have been obtained when applying a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to the normalized conductance of the sensing layer of the 16 MOX gas sensors available in the eNose. The LDA procedure by itself has reduced the influence of drift in the classification performance of this single-type eNose during an evaluation period of three months.

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Francioso, Luca, Pasquale Creti, Maria Concetta Martucci, Simonetta Capone, Antonietta Taurino, Pietro Siciliano, and Chiara De Pascali. "100 nm-Gap Fingers Dielectrophoresis Functionalized MOX Gas Sensor Array for Low Temperature VOCs Detection." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 13, 2018): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131027.

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Анотація:

Present work reports the fabrication process and functional gas sensing tests of a 100 nm-gap fingers DiElectroPhoresis (DEP) functionalized MOX (Metal OXide) gas sensor array for VOCs detection at low temperature. The Internet of Things (IoT) scenario applications of the chemical sensing-enabled mobiles or connected devices are many ranging from indoor air quality to novel breath analyser for personal healthcare monitoring. However, the commercial MOX gas sensors operate at moderate temperatures (200–400 °C) [1], and this limits the mobile and wearable gadgets market penetration. Nanogap devices may represent the alternative devices with enhanced sensitivity even at low or room temperature. A nanogap electrodes MOX gas sensor array functionalized with 5 nm average size SnO2 nanocrystals with positive dielectrophoresis technique is presented. The single sensor active area is 4 × 4 µm2. The devices exhibited about 1 order of magnitude response at 100 °C to 150 ppm of acetone.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "MOx sensor"

Priščák, Juraj. "Charakterizace senzitivních nanomateriálů pro MOX senzory plynů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442521.

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Анотація:

This thesis deals with one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional nanomaterials (2D) in terms of their utilization for new types of gas sensors. Thesis focuses on study of sensing elements for gas sensors based on semiconductor metal oxide materials (MOX) and their manufacturing technology. The objective of the thesis is the design and implementation of a sensing elements formed by selected nanomaterials based on the structure of interdigital electrodes. The result of the practical part of the thesis is the characterization and comparison of materials in terms of their detection parameters in the presence of selected test gases. The first part of thesis hierarchically defines chemoresistive gas sensor, characterizes and explains its operation principle. Second part studies 1D and 2D nanomaterials of sensing elements for MOX chemoresistive gas sensors, contains a research of their properties and describes their methods of manufacturing and implementation. The last part deals with the implementation of the sensitive layer of the sensor with selected nanomaterials, characterizes and compares their detection properties.

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Bertero, Christophe. "Perception de l'environnement urbain à l'aide d'une flotte de capteurs sur des vélos : application à la pollution de l'air." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30321.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte des « villes intelligentes », où le traitement de l'information améliore la qualité de vie. Elle étudie la perception de l'environnement, et plus particulièrement la perception de la pollution de l'air en ville, à l'aide de capteurs sur vélos. Le premier chapitre introduit les défis techniques et scientifiques, en terme de collecte de l'information et de modélisation, appliqués au domaine de l'aérologie. Le deuxième chapitre s'intéresse à la conception d'une flotte d'instruments mobiles de mesure de la pollution de l'air. Nous caractérisons la forme du réseau de capteurs nécessaire à la modélisation, d'une part à l'aide de la littérature et d'autre part via une simulation. Le troisième chapitre expose notre réalisation d'un tel instrument. Nous l'avons articulé autour d'un micro-capteur à métal-oxyde semi-conducteur (capteur MOx) de NO2 et CO, le MiCS-4514, et évalué ses performances en milieux contrôlés. Le quatrième chapitre présente les deux déploiements de cet instrument dans la ville de Toulouse, d'abord auprès d'une association de location de vélos puis avec des « vélo-taffeurs » de notre laboratoire, et le jeu de données collecté. Enfin, nous estimons les niveaux de pollution en NO2 et en CO dans la ville
This thesis takes place in the context of "smart cities", where the information processing improves the quality of life. It studies the perception of the environment and especially the perception of air pollution in the city using sensors on bikes. The first chapter introduces the technical and scientific challenges in terms of information collection and modeling applied to aerology. The second chapter presents the design of a fleet of mobile instruments for measuring air pollution. We characterize the shape of the sensor network needed for modeling, on the one hand using the literature and on the other hand using a simulation. The third chapter deals with the development of such an instrument. We have built our instrument around a semiconductor metal oxide micro-sensor (MOx sensor) of NO2 and CO, the MiCS-4514, and evaluated its performance in controlled environments. The fourth chapter presents the two deployments of this instrument in the city of Toulouse in France, first with a bicycle rental association and then with bikers from our laboratory, and the dataset collected. Finally, we estimate the pollution levels in NO2 and CO in the city

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Silva, Gilvaldo Gentil Da. "Métodos de síntese de estruturas metal-orgânicos de [Cu3(BTC)2.(H2O)3]n e Derivados e Aplicações para Sensores Eletroquímicos." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15775.

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Анотація:

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-08T18:36:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 06-10-2015-Tese(FINAL) Beate.pdf: 6575678 bytes, checksum: cdc2b377e45a971cafecf1f7f6a889b1 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T18:36:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 06-10-2015-Tese(FINAL) Beate.pdf: 6575678 bytes, checksum: cdc2b377e45a971cafecf1f7f6a889b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19
CNPQ E CAPES
Na elaboração de sínteses para estrutura metal-orgânica (Cu3BTC2), conhecido como MOE-199, ou HKUST-1, uma rota e dois métodos foram desenvolvidos: Eletroquímica em temperatura ambiente (TA) e moderada (TM), sonoeletroquímica e ablação de laser em líquido, a qual proporcionou um material desejado com moderado rendimento. Muitas técnicas de caracterização (XRD, FT–IR, SEM, e TGA) mostraram que o HKUST-1 foi obtido em muitos métodos. No entanto, foram encontradas diferenças interessantes em funcionalização, dependendo das condições de síntese que produziram a mesma estrutura de [Cu3(BTC)2] com hospedeiros, mas com diferentes espécies hóspedes coordenada em geral. Por análise de padrão de DRX foi possível identificar os picos característicos de CuO no método EQ do material obtido com fase secundária, mostrando que esta metodologia é bastante versátil dando lugar a este produto, embora o complexo [Cu3(BTC)2] tenha obtido bons rendimentos. Indepen- dentemente da fonte de energia aplicada, em todos os processos, a desejada MOE [Cu3(BTC)2] foi obtida. A fim de determinar se o método de síntese teve impacto diretamente sobre o comportamento eletroquímico do material, foi aplicada a voltametria cíclica (CV), para investigação. Os resultados eletroquímicos demonstraram que a resistência à contribuição farádica, aumenta na seguinte ordem: Cu-MOFSEQ < Cu-MOFEQ(TA) < Cu-MOFEQ(TM) e Cu-MOFLAL. Este comportamento pode ser associado com a presença de CuO em Cu-MOFEQ(TM) e de cobre em Cu-MOFLAL. No entanto, a MOE sintetizada à temperatura ambiente mostrou um teor menor de cobre, o que pode ser eletroquimicamente transformada, bem como a pureza, em comparação com os obtidos por método eletroquímico em temperatura moderada (TM) e a ablação a laser no estado líquido (LAL). Igual procedimento foi usado para os derivados de Cu-MOFEQ(RT): Cu(TFP)-MOF, and Cu(TPP).DMF-MOF. Eles apresentaram a seguinte ordem de crescimento: Cu(TFP)-MOF < Cu(TFP)DMF-MOF < Cu-MOF < Cu(DMF)-MOF. Este comportamento pode ser associado à presença da tetrafenilporfirina em Cu(TPP)-MOFEQ e Cu(TPP).DMF–MOFEQ. Seus comportamentos eletroquímicos apresentaram uma grande resistência faradáica mostrando o porquê dos seus efeitos de métodos.
In the elaboration of syntheses for metal-organic framework [Cu3(BTC)2] (commonly known as MOF-199 or HKUST-1), one route and two methods were developed: Electrochemical in room temperature (RT) and upper (HT), sonoelectrochemical and Laser ablation in Liquid (LAL); which afforded the desired material in moderate yields. Several characterization techniques (XRD, FT–IR, SEM and TGA) showed that HKUST-1 was obtained in every method. However, were found interesting differences in functionalization depending on the electrochemical synthesis conditions which produced the same [Cu3(BTC)2] host network but with different coordinative and bulk molecular guests. By XRD pattern analysis, it was possible to identify characteristic peaks of CuO and DMF in the EQ, obtained material as secondary phase, showing that this methodology is quite harsh giving place to this product, although the [Cu3(BTC)2] complex was obtained in good yield. Regardless the energy source applied, in all three cases the desired [Cu3(BTC)2] MOF was obtained. In order to determine if the method of synthesis had impacts directly on the electrochemical behavior of the material was applied cyclic voltammetry (CV), for investigation. The electrochemical results have shown that the resistance to the faradic contribution, increase in the following order: Cu–MOFSEQ < Cu–MOFEQ(RT) < Cu-MOFEQ(HT) < Cu–MOFLAL. This behavior can be associated to the presence of CuO in Cu-MOFEQ(HT) and Copper in Cu–MOFLAL. However, the synthesized MOF at room temperature showed a smaller content of copper, which could be electrochemically transformed, as well as purity, in comparison with those obtained by electrochemical (HT) and Laser ablation in Liquid (LAL) methods. The same procedure was used for derived of Cu-MOFEQ(RT): Cu(TFP)-MOF, and Cu(TPP).DMF-MOF. They presented the following growing order: Cu(TFP)-MOFEQ < Cu(TFP)DMF-MOFEQ < Cu-MOFEQ

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Magalhães, Filipe Bento. "Capacitor MOS aplicado em sensor de imagem química." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-06072014-230841/.

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Анотація:

O desenvolvimento de sensores em sistemas para controle ambiental tem-se mostrado uma área de elevado interesse científico e técnico. Os principais desafios nesta área estão relacionados ao desenvolvimento de sensores com capacidade de detecção de várias substâncias. Neste contexto, os capacitores MOS apresentam-se como dispositivos versáteis para a geração de imagens químicas com potencial de detecção e classificação de diferentes substâncias a partir de apenas um único sensor. No presente trabalho, foi proposto um sensor MOS com um perfil geométrico de porta em forma de cata-vento composta por Pd, Au e Pt. A resposta do sensor mostrou ter alta sensibilidade a moléculas ricas em átomos de H, como os gases H2 e NH3. As medidas de capacitância mostraram que o sensor tem uma resposta não linear para H2 e NH3 obedecendo à lei da isoterma de Langmuir. O sensor MOS mostrou-se eficiente na geração de imagens químicas através da técnica de escaneamento por luz pulsada. As imagens químicas correspondentes aos gases H2 e NH3 mostraram diferentes padrões quando o N2 foi utilizado como gás transportador. A diferença entre os padrões aconteceu principalmente devido ao perfil geométrico da porta metálica. A sensibilidade do sensor mostrou dependência com o potencial de polarização. Nas medidas de capacitância, a maior sensibilidade foi observada para potenciais próximos da tensão de banda plana. Já para as imagens químicas, a maior sensibilidade foi observada para potenciais inteiramente na região de depleção. A sensibilidade do sensor também se mostrou dependente do gás transporta- dor. O sensor mostrou ser mais sensível com N2 como gás transportador do que com ar seco. No entanto, o processo de dessorção dos íons H+ resultou ser mais eficiente em ar seco. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho sugerem a possibilidade de fabricação de um nariz optoeletrônico utilizando apenas um único sensor MOS.
The development of sensors and systems for environmental control has been shown to be an area of high scientific and technical interest. The main challenges in this area are related to the development of sensors capable of detecting many different substances. In this context, the MOS devices present themselves as versatile devices for chemical imaging with potential for detection and classification of different substances only using one single sensor. In the present work, was proposed a MOS sensor with a wing-vane geometric profile of its gate constituted of Pd, Au and Pt metals. The sensor\'s response showed to have high sensitivity to molecules rich on H atoms, such as H2 and NH3 gases. Capacitance measurements showed that the sensor has a nonlinear response for H2 and NH3 obeying the Langmuir isotherm law. The MOS sensor proved to be efficient in Chemical Imaging generation through the scanned light pulse technique. The chemical images of the H2 and NH3 gases showed different patterns when the N2 was used as carrier gas. The different patterns responses happened mainly due to geometric profile of the metallic gate. The sensor sensitivity showed dependence on the bias potential. In the capacitance measures, greater sensitivity was observed for potential near the flat-band voltage. In the chemical images, the greater sensitivity was observed for bias potential within depletion region. The sensor sensitivity was also dependent on the carrier gas. The sensor showed to be more sensitive with N2 as carrier gas than to dry air. However the desorption process of H+ have been more efficient in dry air. The results obtained in the present work suggest the possibility of manufacturing an optoelectronic nose using only a single MOS sensor.

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Neri, Hipolito Javier. "DESARROLLO DE UN SENSOR FLUORESCENTE PARA SOLUCIONES DE DOPAMINA A PARTIR DE LA INCORPORACIÓN DE UNA MOLÉCULA SENSOR EN CRISTALES DE BIOMOF-1." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/95105.

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Анотація:

Preparación de un sensor reutilizable para dopamina
La síntesis y obtención de la molécula sensor (DAP) y la estructura que la almacena (BioMOF-1) así como la inclusión de la molécula en los poros del cristal, fue exitosa y en ambos casos, siendo corroborados minuciosamente por técnicas como microscopia óptica y electrónica, difracción de rayos X de polvos y monocristal, espectroscopia infrarrroja, análisis termogravimétricos, análisis de adsorción de gases de tipo Langmuir, espectroscopia UV-vis y espectroscopia de emisión fluorescente. La disposición del complejo DAP-BioMOF-1 en películas de PVC flexibles permitió una fácil manipulación del material al ser analizado y utilizado en diversas pruebas evitando de este modo una pérdida de material tanto de BioMOF-1 como DAP al ser manipulado. Una característica fundamental que se consiguió al tener el sensor en esta configuración fue la eficiente, prolongada y controlada liberación de DAP en medios acuosos evitando el uso innecesario de grandes cantidades de 2, 3 diaminofenazina, por tanto, una reducción de material desperdiciado y de esta forma bajando los costos económicos del ensayo. La alta sensibilidad de la molécula sensor ha sido corroborada al detectar soluciones de dopamina con concentraciones nanomolares teniendo un comportamiento predecible que lo hace reproducible, es importante destacar que las concentraciones de DA son similares a las presentes en tejidos biológicos, además la inocuidad del cristal de BioMOF-1 así como su alta capacidad de modular la liberación del sensor hacen de este sistema una opción a tener en cuenta en la detección de dopamina in vivo.
NA

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Nickerl, Georg, Irena Senkoska, and Stefan Kaskel. "Tetrazine functionalized zirconium MOF as an optical sensor for oxidizing gases." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36053.

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Dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate was introduced into the chemically stable UiO-66 structure by a postsynthetic linker exchange reaction to create an optical sensor material for the detection of oxidative agents such as nitrous gases. The incorporated tetrazine unit can be reversibly oxidized and reduced, which is accompanied by a drastic colour change from yellow to pink and vice versa. The high stability of the framework during redox reaction was proven by powder X-ray diffraction and nitrogen physisorption measurements.

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Preisová, Martina. "Marketingový mix výrobku určeného pro seniory." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11131.

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Lababidi, Ahmad Montaser. "Measuring Stress in Thin Films by a Multi-beam Optical Sensor (MOS)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439565.

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Alolaywi, Haidar. "Electrochemical MoOx/Carbon Nanocomposite Gas Sensor for Formaldehyde Detection at Room Temperature." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1596821142716346.

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Braga, Mauro Sergio. "Sensor de imagem para detecção de gases." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-28032008-175311/.

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O objetivo do presente trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo MOS como sensor de imagem química para a detecção e classificação de gases de hidrogênio e amônia através da técnica de escaneamento de luz pulsada (TELP). O dispositivo MOS foi fabricado sobre substrato de silício (100) e resistividade de 10 -cm. A porta do dispositivo foi constituída de um eletrodo bimetálico de Au-Pd com espessura nanométrica. Foi proposto um sistema automático de posicionamento X Y para o escaneamento do feixe de luz pulsada baseado no controle PID e no software Labview®. O processo de aquisição de dados foi também automatizado via instrumentação virtual definida pelo software Labview®. A partir das curvas CxV dos capacitores MOS foram extraídos os parâmetros estruturais dos dispositivos mostrando-se estes valores concordantes com os valores definidos no projeto inicial. Adicionalmente foi determinada a largura máxima da camada de depleção sendo este parâmetro importante na sensibilidade da resposta do sensor. O dispositivo MOS em ambiente inerte (N2) apresentou máxima sensibilidade de fotocorrente para polarização de 0,6 V correspondente à máxima largura de depleção. Em ambientes de H2 e NH3, o máximo de sensibilidade foi deslocado para tensões menores a 0,6 V atribuindo-se este fato à adsorção de átomos de Hidrogênio na interface metal/SiO2. As imagens químicas obtidas a partir da resposta do sensor MOS em modo de operação TELP para ambientes de H2 e NH3, respectivamente, apresentaram padrões característicos a cada tipo de gás independentemente da concentração utilizada permitindo a classificação plena destes gases. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho sugerem a possibilidade de implementação de um sistema de nariz eletrônico apenas utilizando um único sensor.
The aim of the present work is the development of a MOS device as a sensor of chemical image, for the detection and classification of hydrogen and ammonia gases, through the Scanning Light Pulse Technique (SLPT). The MOS device was fabricated onto silicon bulk (100) and resistivity of 10 -cm. The gate of the device was built from an Au-Pd bimetallic electrode, with nanometric thickness. It was proposed an X Y automatic position system for scanning the light pulsed beam, based on the PID control and on the Labview® software. The data acquisition process was also automated via virtual instrumentation defined by the Labview® software. From the C x V characteristic curves of the MOS capacitors, the device structural parameters were extracted, showing accordance with values defined in the initial project. Furthermore, it was determined the maximum depletion layer width. This parameter is important for the sensibility response of the sensor. The MOS device, in inert environment (N2), has shown photocurrent maximum sensibility for 0,6 V polarization, corresponding to the maximum depletion layer width. In H2 and NH3 environments, the maximum sensibility was dislocated for voltages lower than 0,6V, attributing it to the hydrogen atom adsorption at the metal/SiO2 interface. The chemical images obtained from the MOS sensor response, in SLPT operation mode for H2 and NH3 environments, respectively, showed characteristic patterns to each kind of gas, independent of the concentration used, allowing the complete classification of these gases. The results obtained in the present work suggest the possibility of implementing an electronic nose system, using only one sensor.

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Книги з теми "MOx sensor"

Derval, Diana. The Right Sensory Mix. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12093-0.

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Derval, Diana. The Right Sensory Mix. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63795-1.

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Simone, Antonio De. Senso e razionalità: Max Weber e il nostro tempo. Urbino: QuattroVenti, 1999.

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Auditor, Missouri State. Audit report: Department of Health and Senior Services Office of the Director. Jefferson City, Mo.]: Missouri State Auditor, 2003.

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Cayetano, Pia S. My daily race: My life as a senator, mom and triathlete. Makati City: Compañero Rene Cayetano Foundation, 2011.

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Bakker, Anton. High-accuracy CMOS smart temperature sensors. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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"Ianfu mondai" wa Kankoku to Asahi no netsuzō da: 100-mon 100-tō. Tōkyō: WAC, 2012.

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Xin xing gao ji can mou ren cai yan jiu: Research on the new-type senior staff talents. Beijing: Guo fang da xue chu ban she, 2003.

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Bill, Martin. Ours brun, dis-moi--. 2nd ed. Namur: Mijade, 2004.

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Pironon, Jean. Le luth et le blason: Les sens, la sensation et le moi lyrique de Thomas Wyatt à Edmund Spenser (1527-1595). Berne: Peter Lang, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "MOx sensor"

Censor-Hillel, Keren, Rina Levy, and Hadas Shachnai. "Fast Distributed Approximation for Max-Cut." In Algorithms for Sensor Systems, 41–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72751-6_4.

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Derval, Diana. "The Right Sensory Mix." In The Right Sensory Mix, 77–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12093-0_4.

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Derval, Diana. "Coming to Our Senses." In The Right Sensory Mix, 1–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12093-0_1.

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Derval, Diana. "Detecting Profitable Markets." In The Right Sensory Mix, 23–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12093-0_2.

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Derval, Diana. "Predicting Consumers’ Behavior." In The Right Sensory Mix, 49–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12093-0_3.

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Derval, Diana. "Increasing the Innovation Hit Rate." In The Right Sensory Mix, 103–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12093-0_5.

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Derval, Diana. "Sense of Status, Serious Gaming, and the Future of Work." In The Right Sensory Mix, 213–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63795-1_8.

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Derval, Diana. "Polarized Light, Space Exploration, and the Future of Luxury." In The Right Sensory Mix, 59–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63795-1_3.

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Derval, Diana. "Colors, the Microbiome, and the Future of Beauty." In The Right Sensory Mix, 89–120. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63795-1_4.

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Derval, Diana. "Magnetic Sense, AI, and the Future of Mobility." In The Right Sensory Mix, 1–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63795-1_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "MOx sensor"

Briand, D., L. Guillot, S. Raible, J. Kappler, and N. F. de Rooij. "Highly Integrated Wafer Level Packaged MOX Gas Sensors." In TRANSDUCERS '07 & Eurosensors XXI. 2007 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2007.4300654.

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Geyik, U., U. Weimar, and N. Barsan. "P2.08 - Der Einfluss von PtOx auf WO3 MOx-Gassensoren." In 14. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium 2019. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/14dss2019/p2.08.

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Bicelli, S., A. Flammini, A. Depari, D. Marioli, A. Ponzoni, G. Sberveglieri, and A. Taroni. "Low-Power Carbon Monoxide MOX Sensors for Wireless Distributed Sensor Networks." In 2007 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference IMTC 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2007.379025.

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Jeong-Ho Park, Kwang-Min Park, Tae-Wan Kim, Chong-Ook Park, and Hyung-Joun Yoo. "Interface circuit for three-electrode metal-oxide (MOX) gas sensor." In 2015 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2015.7370505.

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Reimringer, W., T. Rachel, T. Conrad, and A. Schütze. "12 - MOX Sensor Platform in Outdoor Odor Nuisance Monitoring." In Fourth Scientific Meeting EuNetAir. COST Association, Avenue Louise 149, 1050 Brussels, Belgium, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/4eunetair2015/12.

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Fonollosa, J., L. Fernandez, A. Gutierrez-Galvez, and S. Marco. "P2.0.11 Temperature optimization of MOX sensor arrays for odorant discrimination." In 14th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2012. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2012/p2.0.11.

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Jelicic, Vana, Dinko Oletic, Tomislav Sever, and Vedran Bilas. "Evaluation of MOX gas sensor transient response for low-power operation." In 2015 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas.2015.7133584.

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Oletic, Dinko, Vana Jelicic, Dario Antolovic, and Vedran Bilas. "Energy-efficient atmospheric CO concentration sensing with on-demand operating MOX gas sensor." In 2014 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2014.6985119.

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Madrolle, S., P. Grangeat, and Ch Jutten. "Dual-temperature mode for quantitative analysis of gas mixtures with MOX sensor." In 2017 ISOCS/IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isoen.2017.7968886.

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Leonardi, S. G., D. Aloisio, N. Donato, M. Latino, P. Russo, N. Pinna, and G. Neri. "Development of an amperometric H2O2 sensor based on MOx/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites." In 2013 Transducers & Eurosensors XXVII: The 17th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXVII). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2013.6626978.

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Звіти організацій з теми "MOx sensor"

Matzke, Brett D. Compensating For Changes in MOS Sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1089110.

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Day, Christopher, Stanley Young, Darcy Bullock, and Dennis So Ting Fong. Sensor Fusion and MOE Development for Off-Line Traffic Analysis of Real Time Data. Purdue University, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284316556.

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Luo, Jing, Chen Zhang, Mengjie Xia, and Yuelian Chen. Acupoint catgut embedding reduces postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0021.

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Review question / Objective: Can acupoint catgut embedding alleviate postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids? Condition being studied: Mixed hemorrhoids. Information sources: Two authors (JL and CZ) will examine the publications independently and extract data according to predefined criteria. RCTs will be assessed for the methodology, study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and outcome measures. The methodological quality of each RCT will be recorded for method of randomization, blinding, protocol violation, and allocation concealment Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus discussions with the senior member of the review team (MJX and YLC). Data to collect includes intervention and control measures, measured outcomes and statistical significant difference with regards to chewing gum.

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Warkander, Dan E. Unmanned Test and Evaluation of the Teledyne Analytical Instruments R-10DN Oxygen Sensor for Use in the MK 16 Mod 1 Underwater Breathing Apparatus. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448759.

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Stanek, S. J., and C. S. Hedricks. Evaluation of Analytical Industries Inc. Model Number PSR-11-33-NM Oxygen Sensors for Use With the MK 16 MOD 1 Underwater Breathing Apparatus. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443585.

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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffrey Roesler, M. Ley, Shinhyu Kang, Loren Emerson, Zane Lloyd, Braden Boyd, and Marllon Cook. High-volume Fly Ash Concrete for Pavements Findings: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-030.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) has improved durability and sustainability properties at a lower cost than conventional concrete, but its early-age properties like strength gain, setting time, and air entrainment can present challenges for application to concrete pavements. This research report helps with the implementation of HVFAC for pavement applications by providing guidelines for HVFAC mix design, testing protocols, and new tools for better quality control of HVFAC properties. Calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate the effects of fly ash sources, cement–fly ash interactions, chemical admixtures, and limestone replacement on the setting times and hydration reaction of HVFAC. To better target the initial air-entraining agent dosage for HVFAC, a calibration curve between air-entraining dosage for achieving 6% air content and fly ash foam index test has been developed. Further, a digital foam index test was developed to make this test more consistent across different labs and operators. For a more rapid prediction of hardened HVFAC properties, such as compressive strength, resistivity, and diffusion coefficient, an oxide-based particle model was developed. An HVFAC field test section was also constructed to demonstrate the implementation of a noncontact ultrasonic device for determining the final set time and ideal time to initiate saw cutting. Additionally, a maturity method was successfully implemented that estimates the in-place compressive strength of HVFAC through wireless thermal sensors. An HVFAC mix design procedure using the tools developed in this project such as the calorimeter test, foam index test, and particle-based model was proposed to assist engineers in implementing HVFAC pavements.

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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emma Ambrogi, Lee Moores, Stephen Newman, and Jonathon Brame. Leveraging chemical actinometry and optical radiometry to reduce uncertainty in photochemical research. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42080.

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Subtle aspects of illumination sources and their characterization methods can introduce significant uncertainty into the data gathered from light-activated experiments, limiting their reproducibility and technology transition. Degradation kinetics of methyl orange (MO) and carbamazepine (CM) under illumination with TiO₂ were used as a case study for investigating the role of incident photon flux on photocatalytic degradation rates. Valerophenone and ferrioxalate actinometry were paired with optical radiometry in three different illumination systems: xenon arc (XE), tungsten halogen (W-H), and UV fluorescent (UV-F). Degradation rate constants for MO and CM varied similarly among the three light systems as k W-H < kiv-F < kXE, implying the same relative photon flux emission by each light. However, the apparent relative photon flux emitted by the different lights varied depending on the light characterization method. This discrepancy is shown to be caused by the spectral distribution present in light emission profiles, as well as absorption behavior of chemical actinometers and optical sensors. Data and calculations for the determination of photon flux from chemical and calibrated optical light characterization is presented, allowing us to interpret photo-degradation rate constants as a function of incident photon flux. This approach enabled the derivation of a calibrated ‘rate-flux’ metric for evaluating and translating data from photocatalysis studies.

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Yilmaz, Ihsan, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism and Vigilantism: The Case of the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0001.

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Religious populism and radicalism are hardly new to Pakistan. Since its birth in 1947, the country has suffered through an ongoing identity crisis. Under turbulent political conditions, religion has served as a surrogate identity for Pakistan, masking the country’s evident plurality, and over the years has come to dominate politics. Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) is the latest face of religious extremism merged with populist politics. Nevertheless, its sporadic rise from a national movement defending Pakistan’s notorious blasphemy laws to a “pious” party is little understood. This paper draws on a collection of primary and secondary sources to piece together an account of the party’s evolution that sheds light on its appeal to “the people” and its marginalization and targeting of the “other.” The analysis reveals that the TLP has evolved from a proxy backed by the establishment against the mainstream parties to a full-fledged political force in its own right. Its ability to relate to voters via its pious narrative hinges on exploiting the emotional insecurities of the largely disenfranchised masses. With violence legitimized under the guise of religion, “the people” are afforded a new sense of empowerment. Moreover, the party’s rhetoric has given rise to a vigilante-style mob culture so much so that individuals inspired by this narrative have killed in plain sight without remorse. To make matters worse, the incumbent government of Imran Khan — itself a champion of Islamist rhetoric — has made repeated concessions and efforts to appease the TLP that have only emboldened the party. Today, the TLP poses serious challenges to Pakistan’s long-standing, if fragile, pluralistic social norms and risks tipping the country into an even deadlier cycle of political radicalization.

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Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.

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The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.

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Harman, Gary E., and Ilan Chet. Enhancement of plant disease resistance and productivity through use of root symbiotic fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695588.bard.

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The objectives of the project were to (a) compare effects ofT22 and T-203 on growth promotion and induced resistance of maize inbred line Mol7; (b) follow induced resistance of pathogenesis-related proteins through changes in gene expression with a root and foliar pathogen in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203 and (c) to follow changes in the proteome of Mol? over time in roots and leaves in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203. The research built changes in our concepts regarding the effects of Trichoderma on plants; we hypothesized that there would be major changes in the physiology of plants and these would be reflected in changes in the plant proteome as a consequence of root infection by Trichoderma spp. Further, Trichoderma spp. differ in their effects on plants and these changes are largely a consequence of the production of different elicitors of elicitor mixtures that are produced in the zone of communication that is established by root infection by Trichoderma spp. In this work, we demonstrated that both T22 and T-203 increase growth and induce resistance to pathogens in maize. In Israel, it was shown that a hydrophobin is critical for root colonization by Trichoderma strains, and that peptaibols and an expansin-like protein from Ttrichoderma probably act as elicitors of induced resistance in plants. Further, this fungus induces the jasmonate/ethylene pathway of disease resistance and a specific cucumber MAPK is required for transduction of the resistance signal. This is the first such gene known to be induced by fungal systems. In the USA, extensive proteomic analyses of maize demonstrated a number of proteins are differentially regulated by T. harzianum strain T22. The pattern of up-regulation strongly supports the contention that this fungus induces increases in plant disease resistance, respiratory rates and photosynthesis. These are all very consistent with the observations of effects of the fungus on plants in the greenhouse and field. In addition, the chitinolytic complex of maize was examined. The numbers of maize genes encoding these enzymes was increased about 3-fold and their locations on maize chromosomes determined by sequence identification in specific BAC libraries on the web. One of the chitinolytic enzymes was determined to be a heterodimer between a specific exochitinase and different endochitinases dependent upon tissue differences (shoot or root) and the presence or absence of T. harzianum. These heterodimers, which were discovered in this work, are very strongly antifungal, especially the one from shoots in the presence of the biocontrol fungus. Finally, RNA was isolated from plants at Cornell and sent to Israel for transcriptome assessment using Affymetrix chips (the chips became available for maize at the end of the project). The data was sent back to Cornell for bioinformatic analyses and found, in large sense, to be consistent with the proteomic data. The final assessment of this data is just now possible since the full annotation of the sequences in the maize Affy chips is just now available. This work is already being used to discover more effective strains of Trichoderma. It also is expected to elucidate how we may be able to manipulate and breed plants for greater disease resistance, enhanced growth and yield and similar goals. This will be possible since the changes in gene and protein expression that lead to better plant performance can be elucidated by following changes induced by Trichoderma strains. The work was in, some parts, collaborative but in others, most specifically transcriptome analyses, fully synergistic.

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