Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Molecular separation"

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Статті в журналах з теми "Molecular separation":

1

Zhang, Ruike, and Jiong Zhou. "Ultrafast-adsorption-kinetics molecular sieving of propylene from propane." Clean Energy Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (March 20, 2024): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/cest.v2i2.126.

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The separation of propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) is very costly due to similar physical-chemical properties and has been listed as one of the seven chemical separations to change the world. High-purity C3H6 is an important raw material to produce polypropylene and acrylonitrile. However, C3H8 is produced as a by-product in the production process of C3H6, which has a similar structure and boiling point as those of C3H6. Traditionally, the separation of C3H6 and C3H8 by distillation has high energy consumption and an unremarkable separation effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more energy-saving and efficient methods for the separation of C3H6 and C3H8.
2

Wang, Wenhui, Zheng Li, Chunli Song, Jie Yang, and Yingwei Yang. "Separation of Low-Molecular-Weight Organics by Water-Soluble Macrocyclic Arenes." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 8554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238554.

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In this study, we fabricate a series of water-soluble anionic macrocyclic arenes, including pillar[5]arene (WP5), pillar[6]arene (WP6), leaning pillar[6]arene (WLT6), and biphenyl-extended pillar[6]arene (WBpP6), which show different separation capabilities toward low-molecular-weight organics, such as short chain haloalkanes, cyclic aliphatics, and aromatics, in water. The liquid–liquid distribution experiments are carried out at room temperature. The separation factor for low-molecular-weight organics is evaluated in the extraction of equimolar mixtures. WP6 demonstrates a high extraction efficiency of up to 89% in separating toluene/methylcyclohexane mixtures. These adsorbents also have the advantages of rapid adsorption, high separation efficiency, remarkable selectivity, and good recyclability. This work not only expands the application scope of macrocyclic chemistry, but also has practical research value for organics separation and water purification.
3

Bashmmakh, Bandar J., Xiaoyu Wang, Cynthia J. Jameson, and Sohail Murad. "Understanding Separation Mechanisms of Monoatomic Gases, Such as Kr and Xe, via DD3R Zeolite Membrane Using Molecular Dynamics." Thermo 2, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/thermo2010005.

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Noble gas fission byproducts, such as Kr and Xe, are generated within nuclear power reactors are currently being discharged into the atmosphere. This practice has a major economic drawback because of the high value associated with some of these gases. The separations of these gases are economically prohibitive because of the high energy requirement associated with cryogenic distillation. Zeolites, nanoporous materials suitable for gas separation processes, have exhibited high selectivity for such separations. We have used nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) to investigate the separation performance of DD3R framework zeolitic membrane. The effects of pressure, temperature, and pure vs. mixture gas feed conditions are studied in this work to understand and explain, at the molecular level, the mechanisms of these (Kr/Xe) separations. Our studies have shown that the DD3R membrane shows promise for high selectivity ratios of Kr over Xe. MD runs show agreement with experimental trends of the permeation of Kr/Xe pure and mixed gases using DD3R zeolite with high separation factor. Despite the absence of Xe complete permeation through the membrane because of MD timescale limitations, our results are sufficient to describe the mechanisms of these separations.
4

Yuan, Lixia, Ji Yang, Fujun Du, Xunchuan Liu, Yang Su, Qing-Zeng Yan, Xuepeng Chen, et al. "On the Spatial Distribution of 13CO Structures within 12CO Molecular Clouds." Astrophysical Journal 944, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acac26.

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Abstract We look into the 2851 12CO molecular clouds harboring 13CO structures to reveal the distribution of the projected angular separations and radial velocity separations between their internal 13CO structures. The projected angular separations are determined using the minimal spanning tree algorithm. We find that ∼50% of the angular separations fall in a narrow range of ∼3′–7′ with a median of ∼5′, and the corresponding radial velocity separations mainly range from ∼0.3 to 2.5 km s−1. The mean and standard deviation of the angular separations of the internal 13CO structures within 12CO clouds appear to be universal, independent of the 12CO cloud angular areas and the counts of their internal 13CO structures. We also reveal a scaling relation between the 12CO cloud angular area and its harbored 13CO structure count. These results suggest there is a preferred angular separation between 13CO structures in these 12CO clouds, considering the distance effects. According to that, we propose an alternative picture for the assembly and destruction of molecular clouds: there is a fundamental separation for the internal structures of molecular clouds, the build-up and destruction of molecular clouds proceeds under this fundamental unit.
5

Sun, Na, Shi-Qiang Wang, Ruqiang Zou, Wen-Gang Cui, Anqi Zhang, Tianzhen Zhang, Qi Li, et al. "Benchmark selectivity p-xylene separation by a non-porous molecular solid through liquid or vapor extraction." Chemical Science 10, no. 38 (2019): 8850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc02621e.

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Solid–liquid separation of similarly sized organic molecules utilizing sorbents offers the potential for new energy-efficient approaches to a number of important industrial separations such as xylenes (C8) separations.
6

Lin, J. Y. S. "Molecular sieves for gas separation." Science 353, no. 6295 (July 7, 2016): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2267.

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7

Arash, Behrouz, and Quan Wang. "Molecular separation with carbon nanotubes." Computational Materials Science 90 (July 2014): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.04.012.

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8

Greibrokk, Tyge, and Börje Sellergren. "Molecular imprinting in Separation Science." Journal of Separation Science 32, no. 19 (September 23, 2009): 3263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200990072.

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9

Greibrokk, Tyge. "Molecular Imprinting in Separation Science." Journal of Separation Science 39, no. 5 (March 2016): 815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201670054.

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10

Parvin, P., B. Sajad, K. Silakhori, M. Hooshvar, and Z. Zamanipour. "Molecular laser isotope separation versus atomic vapor laser isotope separation." Progress in Nuclear Energy 44, no. 4 (January 2004): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnueene.2004.07.002.

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Дисертації з теми "Molecular separation":

1

Chagger, Harnit Kaur. "Carbon molecular sieves for air separation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/851.

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Carbon is one of the naturally occurring elements and has an atomic weight 12.01 atomic mass units (amu) and atomic number 6. It has six electrons and has an electronic configuration of: ls2 2S2 1p2 in the ground state. This element exists in different crystalline forms-diamond, graphite, buckminsterfullerene1 and carbyne2. Carbon also has the ability of catenation via formation of σ and π bonds.
2

Briceño, Mejías Kelly Cristina. "Carbon molecular sieve membranes for gas separation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145378.

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Membrane separations are simple, energy efficient processes, which can be economically competitive with traditional separation technologies. In the case of gas separation both dense and porous materials have been developed for different application where hydrogen production is one of the most important niches of development. Hydrogen is being one of the most important vectors to develop alternative clean power generation sources. Nowadays, a lot of processes require the fabrication of pure hydrogen for efficiency and better performance. Different materials have been reported as gas separation membranes but still numerous problems related to stability, cost and fabrication must be overcome. The actual goal is to achieve materials that report good separation properties in new type of configuration facing industrial applications. Carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSM) achieve high separation factors and permeance values than polymeric membranes. During the last 30 years they have gained importance due to their excellent performance as gas separation membranes. However, most research work has been focused on flat or hollow fiber configurations and minor attention has been done to supported CMSM. The main reason is due the difficulties associated to fabricate a defect free membrane using a highly reproducible fabrication method that allow to obtain a carbon layer after one polymer precursor coating step. In tubular configuration, these hybrid membranes are suitable for scaling up towards industrial applications, being more competitive than commercial unsupported hollow fiber membranes and films, especially under high pressure and temperature. The main objective of this work was to explore alternative fabrication methods for the fabrication of supported CMSM. In order to achieve this objective polyimide was coated over inorganic supports using two different approaches. The two methods reported in this thesis were spinning-coating and dip-coating. The idea of spinning¬coating was adapted from fabrication of supported carbon planar film. In this work it was developed the same idea coating TiO2 tubular supports under rotation with polyimide (Matrimid®). The thickness of the carbon membranes was controlled adjusting the viscosity of the polymeric solution, and after an exhaustive solvent i elimination it was possible to obtain a defect free carbon membrane. The influence of methanol washing, pyrolysis temperature (550-700ºC), and presence of the support allowed to extracting conclusions about the characteristics of the carbon material. Single gas permeance of H2, CO, CO2, N2, CH4 were obtained and ideal selectivity computed from this measurements indicated the presence of pinholes on the carbon membrane. However, the characterization of this carbon obtained after 550º and 700º C by adsorption-desorption analysis allowed to confirm the microporosity of the carbon layer. As an important contribution of this work the influence of the support as pore modifier of the carbon structure is presented after analysis of supported and unsupported samples. Different characterization techniques are presented and integrated in this work to analyze the microporous character of the carbon layer (immersion calorimetry, AFM) and to evaluate the mesoporous characteristics of the asymmetric membrane (liquid-liquid displacement porosimetry). An additional coating procedure with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was performed to decrease the influence of pinholes which caused a permeance decrease but increase on ideal selectivity values over Knudsen theoretical index. As a second fabrication technique, the modification of Al2O3 inorganic support allowed to achieve microporosity in the support that allowed the fabrication of CMSM by dip¬coating procedure. Similarly to the dip-coating method, viscosity and polymer concentration were optimized in order to achieve high ideal separation factors for hydrogen pairs. For the type of membranes obtained by this method single gas permeance of H2, He, CO2, O2, N2, CH4, Propane, n-butane, 1-butene, SF6 was performed. Influence of pyrolysis temperature, aging, non-solvent immersion, and support were also studied as pore modifier of the carbon membrane. However, for these membranes the characterization was focused on the effect on permeance and selectivity more than in the characterization of the material. The findings described in this PhD thesis open new perspectives for alternative fabrication techniques of CMSM. This work reports not only the permeance and selective properties of CMSM as the traditional approaches rule. Moreover, brings how each fabrication variable could affect the final properties of the membrane. Integration of structure and properties are presented as an alternative strategy to design new pore architecture on CMSM.
3

Klimczyk, Malgorzata. "Separation of hexane isomers using molecular sieves." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697435.

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4

Luo, H. "A molecular dynamic study of molecular gas separation for clean energy applications." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1532033/.

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Gaseous molecular separation is crucial for carbon dioxide capture and storage, hydrogen purification, and natural gas processing. Graphene-based membranes are promising candidates for such purposes, where their performance can be enhanced by the tunable pathways consisting of the nanopore, interlayers and inter-edge spacing. However, there is a lack of understanding of the molecular behaviours within the versatile pathways, due to the practical complexity of the process and the limitation of experimental techniques. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations can offer significant insights into the mechanisms of molecular transport characteristics inside graphene-based nanostructures, and hence predict the membrane performance and optimisation for gas separations. A newly proposed monolayer porous graphene membrane was first evaluated as a primary step for the separation of H2 from CH4, N2, or CO2 impurities. The membrane showed high performance for the H2/CH4 separation under various pressure gradients; with the selectivity-permeance relationship far surpassing the upper bound for conventional polymer membranes. For H2/N2 separation, the selectivity-permeance relationship closely approached the upper bound. For H2/CO2 separation, CO2 molecules can be strongly adsorbed at the centre of the porous membrane, implying that the membrane can also function as a highly selective sorbent for CO2 removal. Furthermore, the characteristics of CO2 and N2 diffusion inside different interlayer spaces of graphene-based membranes were investigated under both dry and iii wet conditions. Based on the solution-diffusion mechanism, the predicted selectivity of CO2/N2 separation was improved 42 times by the presence of water, as a result of the single-file diffusion of CO2 through the interlayers of graphenebased structures; this could help explain the experimental observations in the literature. An in-depth investigation into the mechanism of the enhancement on the selectivity of CO2/N2 separation showed that water formed hydrogen bond networks with rich oxygen-containing groups of graphene-based membranes and restricted the diffusion of CO2 and N2, leading to the self-diffusivity of CO2 and N2 approximating to that of H2O. Under the confinement of graphene-based interlayer spaces, the solubility of both CO2 and N2 were improved, with the solubility of CO2 being larger than that of N2 due to the stronger binding between oxygen-containing groups and CO2 than N2. Finally, the diffusion of H2, CH4, CO2 and CO through the inter-edge spacing of graphene-based membranes was investigated. The results showed that high selectivity and permeance for CO2 removal from H2, CH4, CO impurities were achieved by modifying the chemistry of the inter-edge spacing of the graphene-based membrane. The highest enhancement is 136% for H2/CO2, 208% for CH4/CO2, and 180% for CO/CO2 separations when the edges were enriched with carboxyl groups. Much of the enhancement was due to the presence of carboxyl and amide groups which forced gases to diffuse in a larger distance from the edges of graphene-based structures, where H2, CH4, CO showed higher mobility, except for CO2 due to its strong binding with various functional groups. This study provides a fundamental understanding of gas transport characteristics through the complex pathways of graphene-based nanostructures and is of great significance to practical design and development of membranes for gas separations.
5

Kulkarni, Amit. "Reaction induced phase-separation controlled by molecular topology.*." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1108001435.

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6

Triebe, Robert W. "Separation and purification of gases with molecular sieves." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9657.

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Equilibrium adsorption constants were determined for CO, CO$\sb2$, NO, N$\sb2$, CH$\sb4$, C$\sb2$H$\sb4$, and C$\sb2$H$\sb6$ on various molecular sieves between 233 and 523 K. The molecular sieves tested for adsorption of these gases were 4A and 5A zeolite, 13X and a CaX zeolite, H-mordenite, a natural clinoptilolite and a carbon molecular sieve. The gas chromatographic method was used for all equilibrium measurements. Upon choosing the promising CO/N$\sb2$/clinoptilolite system for further studies, kinetic (diffusion) characteristics of each of these pure gases in the clinoptilolite ports was examined between 323 and 423 K using the gas chromatographic method. Pure gas and binary gas adsorption isotherms for the CO/N$\sb2$/clinoptilolite system were determined up to 1 atmosphere pressure at 303 K using the gas chromatographic method. Pure isotherms were fit with the Lanpmuir and Vacancy Solution Theory models. Pure gas modelling results were used to predict and compared to the experimentally determined binary gas isotherms. Separation of polar compounds from non-polar compounds was facilitated by inclusion of divalent cations in the zeolite micropores. Clinoptilolite showed great promise for various separations. The chromatographic method for measuring adsorption isotherms is limited in the measurement of rectangular isotherms, yielding errors dependant upon the accuracy of the gas blending system. The Wilson form of the VST accurately predicts the binary adsorption data.
7

Khajavi, Sheida, Freek Kapteijn, and Johannes Carolus Jansen. "Separation based on molecular level using zeolitic membranes." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-194860.

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8

Khajavi, Sheida, Freek Kapteijn, and Johannes Carolus Jansen. "Separation based on molecular level using zeolitic membranes." Diffusion fundamentals 3 (2005) 22, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14313.

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9

KULKARNI, AMIT S. "REACTION INDUCED PHASE-SEPARATION CONTROLLED BY MOLECULAR TOPOLOGY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1108001435.

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10

Ning, Xue. "Carbon molecular sieve membranes for nitrogen/methane separation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53986.

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Nitrogen-selective Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS) membranes were developed for nitrogen/methane separation. Effects of pyrolysis conditions including pyrolysis temperature protocol and pyrolysis atmosphere were studied for Matrimid® and 6FDA:BPDA-DAM precursors. It was revealed that high pyrolysis temperature is essential to achieve attractive nitrogen/methane selectivity due to the subtle size difference between the two gas penetrants. Detailed study on one of the best performing CMS membranes showed that diffusion selection, more specifically, the entropic factor responsible for diffusion selection provides a significant contribution to the high selectivity. The effect of precursor was studied by considering nine carefully selected polymers. The structures and properties of these polymer precursors were compared and correlated with the separation performance of resulting CMS membranes. The translation of intrinsic CMS transport properties into the hollow fiber morphology was also explored. Substructure collapse and asymmetry lost during pyrolysis were observed, which resulted in significant increases of separation layer thickness and decreases in permeance. Vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS)-treatment was applied to polymer hollow fiber before pyrolysis to overcome the problem of substructure collapse. The effects of VTMS-treatment on both the substructure and skin layer are discussed.

Книги з теми "Molecular separation":

1

Forgács, Esther. Molecular basis of chromatographic separation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1997.

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2

Klimczyk, Malgorzata. Separation of hexane isomers using molecular sieves. Leicester: De Montfort University, 1994.

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3

Sarkar, Sisir K. Molecular laser isotope separation programme at BARC. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2007.

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4

1944-, Ngo T. T., ed. Molecular interactions in bioseparations. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.

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5

Berthod, Alain. Chiral recognition in separation methods: Mechanisms and applications. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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6

A, Bokhan P., ed. Laser isotope separation in atomic vapor. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2006.

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7

NATO, Advanced Research Workshop on Signals for Cell Separation in Plants (1988 Turin Italy). Cell separation in plants: Physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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8

Berthod, Alain. Chiral recognition in separation methods: Mechanisms and applications. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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9

Harry, Walter, Brooks Donald E, and Srere Paul A, eds. Microcompartmentation and phase separation in cytoplasm. San Diego, Calif: Academic Press, 2000.

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10

1945-, Jinno Kiyokatsu, ed. Chromatographic separations based on molecular recognition. New York: Wiley-VCH, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Molecular separation":

1

Bosnes, Marie, Arne Deggerdal, Anne Rian, Lars Korsnes, and Frank Larsen. "Magnetic Separation in Molecular Biology." In Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers, 269–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6482-6_19.

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2

Czugler, Mátyás, Edwin Weber, and Petros P. Korkas. "Success Rate in a Chiral Separation: Towards a Better Separation Machinery." In Molecular Recognition and Inclusion, 305–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5288-4_45.

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3

Barker, Christopher J., Christopher Illies, and Per-Olof Berggren. "HPLC Separation of Inositol Polyphosphates." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 21–46. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-175-2_2.

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4

Jian, Liyan, Yu Cao, and Ying Zou. "Dermal-Epidermal Separation by Chemical." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 31–33. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2019_266.

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5

Jian, Liyan, Yu Cao, and Ying Zou. "Dermal-Epidermal Separation by Enzyme." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 27–30. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2019_267.

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6

Jian, Liyan, Yu Cao, and Ying Zou. "Dermal-Epidermal Separation by Heat." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 23–25. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2019_270.

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7

Da Costa, Leandro Silva, and Damien Arnoult. "Organelle Separation and Cell Signaling." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 111–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6780-3_11.

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8

Ward, Timothy J., Aprile Gilmore, Karen Ward, and Courtney Vowell. "Vancomycin Molecular Interactions: Antibiotic and Enantioselective Mechanisms." In Chiral Recognition in Separation Methods, 223–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12445-7_8.

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9

Park, Ho Bum, Hee Wook Yoon, and Young Hoon Cho. "Graphene Oxide Membrane for Molecular Separation." In Graphene Oxide, 296–313. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119069447.ch9.

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Vahey, Michael D., and Joel Voldman. "Isodielectric Separation and Analysis of Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 53–63. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-567-1_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Molecular separation":

1

Chen, Shui-li. "Separation Axioms in ω-Molecular Lattices." In 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2006.258984.

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2

Ju, Cheng-Wei, Zhou Lin, Alexander Kohn, Nadav Geva, and Ethan French. "STACKED ENSEMBLE LEARNING FOR RANGE-SEPARATION PARAMETERS." In 2021 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2021.we01.

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3

Stoll, Wolfgang. "Isotope separation by laser technology." In International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Pulsed Lasers IV, edited by Victor F. Tarasenko, Georgy V. Mayer, and Gueorgii G. Petrash. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.460136.

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4

MOTA, J. P. B. "MOLECULAR SIMULATION OF GAS SEPARATION BY ADSORPTION PROCESSES." In Proceedings of the Third Pacific Basin Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704320_0051.

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5

LEI, JIAN-DU, and TIAN-WEI TAN. "ENANTIOSELECTIVE SEPARATION OF RACEMIC KETOPROFEN USING MOLECULAR IMPRINTING." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702623_0143.

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6

Meng, Zhaomei, Zhongjun Fu, and Zhendong Fan. "Separation of waste lubricating oil by molecular distillation." In 2016 5th International Conference on Environment, Materials, Chemistry and Power Electronics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcpe-16.2016.65.

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7

Ohara, T., and A. Majumdar. "Ratcheting Electrophoresis Microchip (REM) for Programmable Transport and Separation of Macromolecules." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/mems-23888.

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Abstract This paper introduces the concept of a ratcheting electrophoresis microchip (REM), a microfluidic device for electrophoretic separation of macromolecules such as DNA and proteins in aqueous solution using low applied voltages (∼ 1 V). The device consists of several thousands of parallel linear electrodes with a constant pitch of about 10 μm. A spatial saw-tooth like potential distribution generated by the electrode array causes local electrophoretic migration of charged molecules between adjacent electrodes. By cycling the potential distribution in a certain pattern, the spatio-temporal electrophoretic ratchet can be used to separate and manipulate macromolecules at speeds much faster than thermal ratchets or more traditional techniques such as capillary or gel electrophoresis. This paper describes results of two simulations: First, using a simple one-dimensional potential distribution for the ratchet, the basic device function is examined using a probabilistic approach that simulates the interplay between electrophoretic mobility and molecular diffusion. The results suggest that the REM can function as a molecular filter through which only molecules having mobility larger than a threshold can pass. The REM can also be programmed to separate molecules to create a molecular profile, much like conventional electrophoresis. Second, two-dimensional stochastic simulations based on molecular diffusion and transient Debye screening by mobile ions are used to demonstrate the feasibility of the REM. The results suggest that biomolecular separation can indeed be achieved within time and length scales much shorter than capillary and gel electrophoresis.
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Beaudoin, Y., D. Strickland, and P. B. Corkum. "Coulomb Explosions of Molecular Iodine With Ultrashort Pulses." In Short Wavelength Coherent Radiation: Generation and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/swcr.1991.mb3.

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Femtosecond pulses offer the possibility of producing and studying highly transient molecular species. We report the formation of highly charged molecules that are nearly instantly produced with a nuclear separation of the uncharged precursor. We have chosen iodine since the atoms are massive, the vibrational period in the ground electronic state is low, and the equilibrium internuclear separation is large.
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Ma, Lianying, Songqing Zhou, Chao Huang, Hongwei Cheng, and Feng Zhu. "Molecular sieve separation of ground state HF molecules in a non-chain HF laser." In Third International Symposium on Laser Interaction with Matter, edited by Yury M. Andreev, Zunqi Lin, Xiaowu Ni, and Xisheng Ye. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2183282.

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Asako, Yutaka. "Oxygen Separation/Enrichment From Atmospheric Air Using Magnetizing Force." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61073.

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The possibility of oxygen separation/enrichment from atmospheric air using a magnetizing force was investigated numerically. Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method was utilized to obtain distribution of oxygen concentration in a capsule under a strong magnetic field gradient. The molecular movement was calculated by taking into account the magnetizing force on the molecules. The computations were performed for a wide range of pressure and magnetic flux density gradient. The simulation results showed that there is a possibility of oxygen separation/enrichment from atmospheric air under a strong magnetic field gradient.

Звіти організацій з теми "Molecular separation":

1

Baker, Frederick S., Cristian I. Contescu, Nidia C. Gallego, and Timothy D. Burchell. Use of Carbon Fiber Composite Molecular Sieves for Air Separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/929340.

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2

Bocarsly, A. B. (Photoinduced charge separation in solid-state and molecular systems: Year three progress report). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5730107.

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3

Bocarsly, A. B. [Photoinduced charge separation in solid-state and molecular systems: Year three progress report]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10132347.

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4

Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung, and Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.

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Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.
5

Arenson, D. R., and C. J. King. Separation of low molecular weight alcohols from dilute aqueous solutions by reversible chemical complexation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6094599.

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6

Ford, Katherine H. Demonstration of Removal, Separation, and Recovery of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastestreams Using Molecular Recognition Technology (MRT). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada409943.

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7

Grimes, R. W. Natural gas cleanup: Evaluation of a molecular sieve carbon as a pressure swing adsorbent for the separation of methane/nitrogen mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170816.

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8

Meir, Shimon, Michael S. Reid, Cai-Zhong Jiang, Amnon Lers, and Sonia Philosoph-Hadas. Molecular Studies of Postharvest Leaf and Flower Senescence. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592657.bard.

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Original objectives: To understand the regulation of abscission by exploring the nature of changes of auxin-related gene expression in tomato (Lycopersicon esculatumMill) abscission zones (AZs) following organ removal, and by analyzing the function of these genes. Our specific goals were: 1) To complete the microarray analyses in tomato flower and leaf AZs, for identifying genes whose expression changes early in response to auxin depletion; 2) To examine, using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the effect of silencing target genes on ethylene sensitivity and abscission competence of the leaf and flower AZs; 3) To isolate and characterize promoters from AZ-specific genes to be used in functional analysis; 4) To generate stable transgenic tomato plants with selected genes silenced with RNAi, under the control of an AZ-specific promoter, for further characterization of their abscission phenotypes. Background: Abscission, the separation of organs from the parent plant, results in postharvest quality loss in many ornamentals and other fresh produce. The process is initiated by changes in the auxin gradient across the AZ, and is triggered by ethylene. Although changes in gene expression have been correlated with the ethylene-mediated execution of abscission, there is almost no information on the initiation of the abscission process, as the AZ becomes sensitized to ethylene. The present project was focused on elucidating these early molecular regulatory events, in order to gain a better control of the abscission process for agricultural manipulations. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Microarray analyses, using the Affymetrix Tomato GeneChip®, revealed changes in expression, occurring early in abscission, of many genes with possible regulatory functions. These included a range of auxin- and ethylene-related transcription factors (TFs), other TFs that are transiently induced just after flower removal, and a set of novel AZ-specific genes. We also identified four different defense-related genes, including: Cysteine-type endopeptidase, α- DOX1, WIN2, and SDF2, that are newly-associated with the late stage of the abscission process. This supports the activation of different defense responses and strategies at the late abscission stages, which may enable efficient protection of the exposed tissue toward different environmental stresses. To facilitate functional studies we implemented an efficient VIGS system in tomato, and isolated two abscission-specific promoters (pTAPG1 and pTAPG4) for gene silencing in stable transformation. Using the VIGS system we could demonstrate the importance of TAPGs in abscission of tomato leaf petioles, and evaluated the importance of more than 45 genes in abscission. Among them we identified few critical genes involved in leaf and flower abscission. These included: PTRP-F1, PRP, TKN4, KNOTTED-like homeobox TF, KD1, and KNOX-like homeodomain protein genes, the silencing of which caused a striking retardation of pedicel abscission, and ERF1, ERF4, Clavata-like3 protein, Sucrose transporter protein, and IAA10 genes, the silencing of which delayed petiole abscission. The importance of PRPand KD1 genes in abscission was confirmed also by antisense–silencing using pTAPG4. Experiments testing the effects of RNAi silencing of few other genes are still in progress, The analysis of the microarray results of flower and leaf AZs allowed us to establish a clear sequence of events occurring during acquisition of tissue sensitivity to ethylene, and to confirm our hypothesis that acquisition of ethylene sensitivity in the AZ is associated with altered expression of auxin-regulated genes in both AZs. Implication, both scientific and agricultural: Our studies had provided new insights into the regulation of the abscission process, and shaded light on the molecular mechanisms that drive the acquisition of abscission competence in the AZ. We pointed out some critical genes involved in regulation of abscission, and further expanded our knowledge of auxin-ethylene cross talk during the abscission process. This permits the development of novel techniques for manipulating abscission, and thereby improving the postharvest performance of ornamentals and other crops.
9

Foley, Henry C. Carbogenic molecular sieves for reaction and separation by design: A novel approach to shape selective super base, super acid and catalytic membranes. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/771357.

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10

Toney, Michael F. Nanoscale Phase Separation in Fe3O4(111) Films on Sapphire(0001) and Phase Stability of Fe3O4(001) Films on MgO(001) Grown by Oxygen-Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813273.

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