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Статті в журналах з теми "Minorities in Turkey"

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Merdjanova, Ina. "Secularism, Nationalism, and Minorities in Turkey." Journal of Religion in Europe 7, no. 3-4 (December 4, 2014): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00704006.

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The vivid interest in the philosophical and legal premises of secularism in Turkey, as well as in its workings in the public and private life of Turkish citizens resonates with an ongoing questioning in Western academia of the validity of established theories of secularization. More importantly, the political and social transformations in Turkey itself, and the growing role and visibility of Islam in the public sphere, especially during the last decade marked by the rule of the Islamic-oriented Justice and Development Party (jdp), have triggered a search for new explanatory frameworks and reconceptualization of Turkish secularism.The four books discussed in this article tackle the interrelated issues of secularism, nationalism and minorities in Turkey from a variety of disciplinary and methodological perspectives.
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Oran, Baskın. "Minorities in Turkey II: Ideology and Discrimination." Commentaries 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tc.v1i1.1997.

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This article focuses on the ideological roots of the repressive and discriminatory mentality/philosophy that has shaped democracy and minority policies in Turkey. My aim is to analyze the consequences of this mentality, with an emphasis on hate speech and discrimination. To this end, I summarize the consequences of the issues and policies discussed in the previous article, and discuss their future implications for both the state and the people of Turkey. I conclude that it is necessary to refer to citizens not through the ethno-religious term Turk, and still less as Muslims, but through the thoroughly territorial term Türkiyeli (of Turkey), and to do all that is necessary to ensure such a transformation in mentality.
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Dashyan, Mariam Ashotovna, and Andrey A. Kudelin. "The Ethnic Minority Policy of Turkey." RUDN Journal of World History 12, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2020-12-3-274-285.

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This article is an overview of the state stance and attitude towards minorities throughout history of the republic of Turkey. It represents the official approach of the republic towards ethnic and religious groups. Though due to actions of the Ottoman Empire, the number of non-Turks in the republic of Turkey already was incomparably small, however their existence could not be ignored. Still Turkey recognizes only three minorities (Greeks, Armenians, and Jews) and for decades adopted the strategy of regarding all minority persons other than Greeks, Armenians, and Jews as Turks. Ethnic variety was considered a threat to territorial integrity of Turkey. Every action was directed to create a unitary nation-state suppressing ethnic identities of non-Turks. In this article state policy towards ethnic groups in the republic of Turkey is examined from the perspective of the Lausanne Treaty provisions and legislative regulations regarding the status and rights of minorities showing to what extent authorities have followed them and rising the controversial points minority representatives face in exercising their rights.
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Oran, Baskın. "Minorities in Turkey I: Law and Reform." Commentaries 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tc.v1i1.1996.

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Here I uncover the relationship between the term “Turk” (an ethno-religious term that, in some usages covertly, in some overtly, avers that Turkey is the land of ethnic Turks, and that only Muslims are considered Turk), and the concepts of race and religion. A critical period for the advancement of human rights and minority rights in Turkey occurred in the early 2000s, when the parliament adopted a series of reform packages in order to harmonize the country’s laws with those of the European Union (EU). I propose to examine a case of these most radical democratic reforms carried out since the establishment of the republic, in order to understand how these reforms have been put into practice. I also trace the deviation from these reforms after 2005, by examining the subsequent laws and practices that undo or undermine them, and discuss their implications, particularly for Kurds in case of the deterioration under the state of emergency (Olağanüstü Hal, or OHAL), declared in response to the July 15, 2016 coup attempt.
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Maltby, Kate. "Bordering isolation: Attitudes to minorities in Turkey." Index on Censorship 43, no. 2 (June 2014): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422014536301.

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Hughes, Edel. "The European Union Accession Process: Ensuring the Protection of Turkey's Minorities?" International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 17, no. 4 (2010): 561–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181110x531448.

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AbstractThe potential accession of Turkey to the European Union is an issue that has provoked widespread debate both within and without the Union and indeed Turkey. Opinions as to whether Turkey is 'ready' for membership or if in fact the Union can 'absorb' the addition of Turkey vary but what is uncontested is the fact that the accession process has prompted wide ranging reforms in Turkey, particularly in relation to the protection of fundamental human rights. This article outlines the prevailing legislation pertaining to minority rights in Turkey and assesses the extent to which the reform process on the path to EU accession has impacted on those rights.
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Tasch, Laman. "Defining Nation and Religious Minorities in Russia and Turkey: A Comparative Analysis." Politics and Religion 3, no. 2 (April 23, 2010): 327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048310000076.

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AbstractMany countries today face the challenges posed by their ethnic and religious diversity. This article comparatively analyzes how defining nation in Russia and Turkey affects what groups constitute religious minorities and what their prospects of integration into the Russian and Turkish societies are. It conceptualizes religious minorities as those religious groups that are excluded from the prevailing and institutionalized definitions of nation. This article studies what role religion, comprising Orthodox Christianity, and Sunni Islam, respectively, has played historically and until nowadays in Russia and Turkey in the definitions of their national identities and what kind of religious minorities each of these definitions created. It argues that a position of religious minorities depends not only on the informal association of national identity of the majority with certain religion, but also on the institutionalized support for the dominant religion by the ruling political forces.
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Aydin, Erhan, and Emir Ozeren. "Inclusion and exclusion of sexual minorities at organisations." Journal of Organizational Change Management 33, no. 3 (January 15, 2020): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2019-0025.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the inclusion and exclusion of LGBT individuals at organisations towards providing evidence from LGBT non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Turkey and the UK. Design/methodology/approach In order to achieve this aim, 40 semi-structured qualitative in-depth interviews (20 in each country) were conducted. The empirical dimension of this study was invigorated by thematic analysis of interviews that composed of the individuals and members who work in LGBT organisations in Turkey and the UK. Findings The significance and the role of context in shaping public discourse, policies and practices of LGBT organisations in Turkey and the UK were explored in greater details. Based on the coding and thematic analysis of the interviews, three main findings were presented, which are “inclusion and exclusion at work”, “inclusion and exclusion in politics” and “inclusion in LGBT organisations”. Originality/value The originality of this research comes from its unique nature with a comparative approach on the contrary of current LGBT research that mostly focusses on an individual level of analysis and workplace discrimination. Research evidence demonstrates that there are a number of complexities, contradictions and tensions based on the specific characteristics of each country setting where various cultural, societal, political and legislative/regulative forces come into play in LGBT inclusion at organisations. Consequently, this research provides valuable insights for the inclusion of sexual minorities drawing on the evidence from LGBT NGOs in Turkey and the UK.
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Oran, Baskin. "National sovereignty concept : Turkey and its internal minorities." CEMOTI 36, no. 1 (2003): 33–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cemot.2003.1702.

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Conrad-Bradshaw, Jared. "Turkish Nationalism and the Incorporation of Migrants and Minorities into the Turkish State: a Study in the Civic and Ethnic Contours of Turkish Nationalism." BORDER CROSSING 8, no. 2SI (December 11, 2018): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i2si.616.

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This article uses the integration of immigrants and minorities into Turkey as a lever to investigate the boundaries of Turkish nationalism. Turkish nationalism is often treated as an ethnic nationalism, and that’s indeed how it was thought of by many of its Ottoman founders. However, the legal system is constructed in a largely civic way, such that ethnic heritage—in theory—does not matter for citizenship. Immigrants and domestic minorities provide a useful lens to look at who is included within the category of “Turk”. This article uses the integration of immigrants and minorities into Turkey as a lever to investigate the boundaries of Turkish nationalism. Turkish nationalism is often treated as an ethnic nationalism, and that’s indeed how it was thought of by many of its Ottoman founders. However, the legal system is constructed in a largely civic way, such that ethnic heritage—in theory—does not matter for citizenship. Immigrants and domestic minorities provide a useful lens to look at who is included within the category of “Turk”.
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Дисертації з теми "Minorities in Turkey"

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Karaosmanoglu, Keram. "Beyond the nation : minorities and identities in urban Turkey." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427812.

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Ongur, Hakan Ovunc. "An Analysis Of The Minorities Issue In Turkey-european Union Relations." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607346/index.pdf.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyze the minorities issue within the Turkey-European Union relations. In the study, international, European and Turkish perspectives in minority understanding will be explored, respectively. The main argument will read: &ldquo
Minorities issue is a highly politicized matter upon which neither legal nor academic standards are reached commonly in international, European or Turkish perspectives
thus, it must not constitute one of the focal points in Turkey-EU relations&rdquo
. The analyses of historical development, legal background, political influence as well as a conceptual analysis will be followed for all three perspectives. A textual and descriptive research method will be employed throughout the thesis. The conclusion will be drawn with regards to the controversial position of the minorities issue, overall, and specifically for the membership negotiations between Turkey and European Union. This road of approach would contribute to the perception of those reluctant to the political intervention of the European Union towards candidate states, as well as would help locate Turkey&rsquo
s future position regarding Protection of Minorities and minority rights.
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Emen, Gozde. "Turkey And Turkish/muslim Minorities In Greece And Bulgaria (1923-1938)." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613673/index.pdf.

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This thesis examined how Turkish perception of insecurity, which was based on its suspicions about Greek and Bulgarian intentions and politics towards its territorial integrity and stability of its regime, shaped its view of Turkish/Muslim minorities living in these two states in the early Republican period. Using a wealth of archival material and newspapers, it questioned to what extent these physical and ideological concerns of the Turkish Republic played a role in its approach to these minorities in the period between 1923 and 1938. Turkey perceived the Greek and Bulgarian maltreatment of these minorities as a part of these states&rsquo
hostile intentions regarding the new Turkish state. Thus, what this thesis argued is that Turkey responded to pressure on Turkish/Muslim minorities in these two states not only because of humanitarian concerns but according to its security concern, which became an important factor to determine Turkish interventionist approach to the minority issues in Greece and Bulgaria in this period.
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Soykan, Taskin Tankut. "The implications of the Copenhagen political criteria on the language rights of the Kurds in Turkey /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81236.

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In recent years, the attention is being increasingly drawn to the role of the European Union on the development of minority rights in the candidate countries. The adoption of the Copenhagen political criteria, which also require "respect for and protection of minorities," as preconditions that applicants must have met before they could join the Union has inevitably led to some policy changes to the minorities in Eastern Europe. This policy shift is particularly directed at minority language rights, because one of the most important aspects of the protection of minorities is the recognition of their linguistic identity. The aim of this study is to explore to what extent this development has influenced the situation of language rights of the Kurds in Turkey. In order to answer this question, it first examines the relationship between the Copenhagen criteria and international and European standards protecting minority language rights. Secondly, considering those standards, it assesses the achievements and failures of the recent legislative amendments which are directed to bring the language rights of the Kurds within the line of the Copenhagen criteria. The case of Turkey reveals the vast potential of the European enlargement process on the development of minority language rights, but also its limits in situations where there is a lack of political will to respect and protect diversity.
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Aydinli, Ersel. "Political globalization versus anarchy : an operationalization of the transformationalist approach through the Turkish case." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82825.

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This study asks how national power capacity and state structures are reconfigured when faced simultaneously with the power diffusion impact of political globalization---defined as a consensus of ideas and subsequent pressure on states for further democratization and liberalization---and the power maximization demands of internal and external security dilemmas. Hypothesizing a resulting bifurcation of such state structures, this study identifies and explores the transformation dynamics of states being pressured by these two forces through an in-depth analysis of the Turkish case. First, the roots of the two pressures are explored from the late Ottoman and early Republican eras, and a pendulum period is observed, in which the incompatibility of the two drives becomes accepted. As the inevitability of the transformation from more authoritarian to more liberal regimes is realized, a resulting gradual development and institutionalization of a dual state structure into hard and soft agendas and, eventually, realms is shown. Within such a structure, a compromised governance system emerges, in which both a form of democracy and democratization is maintained for legitimacy purposes, and a strong power-holding mechanism, unaccountable to the public, is preserved as an ultimate guard to maintain control over the transformation process. An analysis of changes in the Turkish constitutions is used to reveal traceable reflections of the gradual expansion and consolidation of the hard realm. The actual workings of a dual state structure, revealing the realms' actors, their domestic and external allies, their positions, arguments and rhetoric, is provided by focusing on the clash in the Turkish case over the issue of minority rights in relation with the country's application process for European Union membership. The study identifies the new security dilemma of these countries as being the challenge of securing the inevitable transformation, including the
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Helicke, James C. ""Armed Minorities": The Cold War, Human Rights, and Ethnicity in U.S.-Turkish Relations." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420159586.

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Niarchos, Georgios. "Between ethnicity, religion and politics : foreign policy and the treatment of minorities in Greece and Turkey, 1923-1974." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418178.

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Yener-Roderburg, Inci Oyku. "Defined on the edge of power: the Alevi identity through centuries of transition in Turkey." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12543.

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This thesis will argue that one of the main challenges Alevis experience in Turkey is the lack of adequate historical credit afforded to them within Modern Turkish society. Though Alevis have a much older history than the Republic of Turkey, having occupied the region for centuries before the inception the modern Turkish nation-state, they still have a very specific relationship with the development of the secular Kemalist-Turkish identity. In fact, Alevis began to develop a novel and unique political identity, which embraced secularism in spite of deeply rooted religious convictions, during Turkey's National transition from the late Ottoman Empire (early 1900s) to the early multi-party era (late 1950s). Existing scholarship on Alevi identity often exclusively focuses on how they were perceived as a religious group during the Ottoman Era or on their increasingly marginalized political identity after the 1970s. However, this thesis will argue that these approaches fail to appreciate the "transition period" of Alevi identity, and how the transformation from being considered a strictly religious/ethnic identity within the Ottoman Empire to becoming viewed as vocal and political advocates of secularism from the early Republic is crucial to understanding contemporary Alevi identity. It will argue that past research has not paid enough attention to this transition, casting Alevi cultural and political identity as fragmented, rigid and impermeable rather than fluid and constantly evolving. To this end, this thesis will seek to demonstrate that Alevism has in fact evolved politically since the sixteenth century of the Ottoman Era, and validate why most Alevis became secular Kemalists during the early twentieth century Republican era of modern Turkey, with the Alevi identity maintaining a dedicated Kemalist ideology since then society at large.
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ASLAN, JOHANNA. "The Zazas in Crisis: A qualitative study on the influence of the Turkish political discourse on the Zaza Identity." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23176.

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Författaren till denna uppsats har under en fältresa till Turkiet gjort en undersökning om Zazas, en mellangrupp människor som ofta faller i den etniska kategorin kurder eller turk, och som där samlade essensiellt akademiskt innehåll och individuella åsikter från lokalbefolkningen som intervjuades. Skälen bakom försummelsen av Zazas och förtrycket mot dem orsakade av Turkiets nationalistiska diskurs utforskas och det lärs ut att när Zazas försummades sitt språk, hade de officiellt uteslutits från hela nationens samhällsstrukturer. Deras språk är nu mycket hotat, på väg att glömmas bort. Denna forskning presenterar Zazas och deras hotade ställning på grund av en stor identitetsförlust orsakad av ett nationalistiskt statligt beslut, vilket främst har påverkat Zazas genom de språkbegränsningar som påtvingats dem.
The author of this essay has during a field trip to Turkey done research about the Zazas, an inbetweener group of people who often fall into the ethnic category of Kurds or Turks, gathering essential academic content and individual views from locals who were interviewed. The reasons behind the neglection of Zazas and the oppression against them caused by the nationalist discourse of Turkey are explored and it is taught that when the Zazas were neglected their language, they officially became excluded from all the nation’s societal structures. Their language is now highly endangered, on a path to be forgotten. This research presents the Zazas and their endangered position due to a great identity loss caused by a nationalist state ruling, which has mainly affected the Zazas by the language restrictions forced upon them.
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Melville, Edmund Christopher. "The role of EFL educators in Turkey in the era of globalisation : an analytical auto-ethnography of an EFL educator turned administrator at IPRIS." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54471/.

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Globalisation, a major aspect of English foreign language (EFL) education in the twenty-first century, can be described as the worldwide circulation of goods, services, and capital as well as information, ideas, and people. EFL educators encounter relentless demands to shift their positions, perspectives, and identities, and to assume many roles because they must accommodate new cultures and people in order to teach in their chosen field. We also have to accommodate differences in ideologically constructed representations of our roles as educators in terms of culture, class, gender, race, and religion within their various contexts. Thus, it can be difficult to determine exactly what one's role is in the context of globalisation. Using an analytic, auto-ethnographic, and naturalistic research design, I purposefully selected five EFL educators (six, including me) and investigated how we fit/belong at IPRIS, what our perceived roles as EFL educators are, and how our roles as EFL educators in full relate to globalisation. Bourdieu's experiences in Algeria, his theories arising from them, and Bhabha's notion of the third space, which is synchronistic with postcolonial theory, formed my theoretical framework. I collected data through interviews, reflexive journal, and critical incidents that were member checked to ensure trustworthiness. The inductively oriented data analysis yielded the themes and categories that are the foundation of this research. The emergent findings in this research were key in showing how the backgrounds of the participants positioned each of us so differently one from another as EFL educators. The varied ways in which the participants have discerned their roles as individuals and as EFL educators unfolded. The explicit commentary of all the participants in this study (including me) reflected a deep commitment to the needs of the students at IPRIS as we expressed our views on our roles. This research revealed the knowledge that I have built concerning myself, both in my context and in relation to others, by investigating the spaces in between coming and going, participant and researcher, educator and administrator; it has helped to reveal the fault-line spaces that shift in perspective and has thus helped me find my fit/belonging. The flipped researcher-participant roles allowed me to explain and further interrogate my own views of my role at IPRIS, as the primary participant, in relation to the secondary participants' perceptions of their roles. This research has also revealed both the positioning of the EFL educator and the space that English occupies globally, in which it has an opposing logic that sometimes results in hybridisation. The secondary participants' comments in this study reflected their perception that they needed to bring information from their prior experiences, both as educators and as people living in the world, to bear on their primary role of teaching English to Turkish students. Thus, none of the participants felt that they were enabled in their role, as all reported that they needed to add old experiences with the new in order to teach their assigned students and to navigate the terrain at IPRIS. Drawing from the definition of globalisation in the literature, I was also able to use the participants' current perceptions of the role of English as a global language to reveal their relationship to globalisation. As a result of my thesis research, I can recommend the use of analytic auto-ethnography as a form of professional development and evaluation. The degree of reflexivity involved can enable EFL educators at IPRIS and elsewhere to raise their own awareness of other people and of their institutional and cultural contexts.
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Книги з теми "Minorities in Turkey"

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. Religious Minorities in Turkey. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9.

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Baum, Wilhelm. The Christian minorities in Turkey. Klagenfurt: Kitab, 2006.

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Hacikyan, A. J. My ethnic quest: Minorities in Turkey. London: Gomidas Institute, 2012.

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4

International, Minority Rights Group, ed. A quest for equality: Minorities in Turkey. London: Minority Rights Group International, 2007.

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5

Andrews, Peter Alford. Ethnic groups in the Republic of Turkey. Wiesbaden: Reichert, 2002.

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1959-, Greene Molly, ed. Minorities in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton, N.J: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2003.

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Destani, Bejtullah D. Minorities in the Middle East, Christian minorities 1838-1967: The Treatment of Armenians in Turkey and the Levant. Slough, England: Archive Editions, Ltd., 2007.

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Dönmez, Rasim Özgür. Societal peace and ideal citizenship for Turkey. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2011.

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9

Süphandağ, Kemal. Büyük Osmanlı entrikası: Hamidiye alayları. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Komal Basım Yayın Dağıtım, 2006.

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Büyük Osmanlı entrikası: Hamidiye alayları. Beyoğlu, İstanbul: Komal Basım Yayın Dağıtım, 2006.

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Частини книг з теми "Minorities in Turkey"

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Taştan, Osman. "Religion and [Religious] Minorities." In Turkey since 1970, 137–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333977804_6.

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "Introduction." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 1–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_1.

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "European Integration and Minority Rights." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 25–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_2.

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "Securitization and Desecuritization of Minority Rights." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 55–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_3.

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "The Alevi, the AKP Government and the Alevi Initiative." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 97–131. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_4.

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "The Ambivalent Situation of Turkey’s Armenians: Between Collective Historical Trauma and Psychological Repression, Loyal Citizenship and Minority Status, Social Integration and Discrimination, Assimilation and Self-assertion." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 133–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_5.

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "Like a Drop in the Ocean: The Last Syriacs in Turkey in a Maelstrom of Nationalism, Islamism, Assimilation, and Diverging Socio-political Interests." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 165–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_6.

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "General and Comparative Analysis." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 193–230. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_7.

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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "Conclusions." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 231–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_8.

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Çarkoğlu, Ali, and Ezgi Elçi. "Alevis in Turkey." In Routledge Handbook of Minorities in the Middle East, 212–24. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626031-16.

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