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Статті в журналах з теми "Mining remains":
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Jelen, Jakub. "Mining Heritage and Mining Tourism." Czech Journal of Tourism 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjot-2018-0005.
Анотація:
Abstract The mining industry leaves behind a large number of tangible or intangible remains. A part of them can be used by different actors as a mining heritage. Specific cultural or social values and meanings, which remind of the importance of mining in the past and today, are represented through this mining heritage. To preserve them, the heritage must be passed to future generations. One of the ways is mining tourism. However, the relation between the mining heritage and tourism is not simple as the complex mining heritage has many specific features that differ from the traditional tourist attractions and conceal many pitfalls. The aspects of authenticity or approaches to heritage interpretation are also important.
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Scarisbrick, D. "Response to Dr Gibson's article; mining remains a hazardous occupation." Occupational Medicine 62, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs019.
3
Gündem, Can Yümni. "Earliest Mule Remains from Early Bronze Age Central Anatolia." Animals 14, no. 10 (May 7, 2024): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14101397.
Анотація:
This paper discusses the discoveries of early donkey and the earliest mule remains in Central Anatolia from the site Derekutuğun. This site represents the remains of a village dating back to the Early Bronze Age and Assyrian Trade Colonies period, associated with mining. The archaeofaunal assemblage was studied by the author and his team using classical archaeozoological methods. The dental remains of the Equidae found at Derekutuğun have been re-examined and are described in this article. The dental evidence indicates that donkeys, and possibly the earliest mules ever found in Central Anatolia, were kept at this site. Although the paper is based on the archaeozoological remains, written sources from the period also support the faunal identification. Derekutuğun was a small settlement that specialized in processing copper ore, and which was an important hub for a trade network because of its extensive mining and extraction operations.
4
Myazin, VP, II Petukhova, LV Shumilova, and AA Balagurov. "Development of the resource conservation concept of non-metallic minerals and remains of tailings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 991, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/991/1/012042.
Анотація:
Abstract High technological loss of valuable ingredient during sand washing and low efficiency of waste use as the secondary raw materials reduces value for alluvial gold mining. It is proposed to improve the efficiency of combined low-waste technological schemes for free fine gold particles extraction and non-metallic clay and pebble products separation during mineral processing of hard- cleaning metalliferous sands. It is technological assessment of dump integrated use schemes for resource-saving technologies development which are used in gold mining objects. The purpose of using such technologies is producing construction materials and articles, road building, impervious screens making.
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Pawełczyk, Fatima, Agnieszka Bolik, Bartłomiej Błachut, Anna Kamińska, Magdalena Opała-Owczarek, Ireneusz Malik, Michał Wojcik, Zofia Zakrzewska, Zbigniew Pawlak, and Grzegorz Poręba. "Development of Chronology for Historical Mining Shaft Remains in the Vicinity of Tarnowskie Góry Based on Radiocarbon, Luminescence and Dendrochronological Dating." Geochronometria 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2023-0004.
Анотація:
Abstract This study focused on determining the age of sediments found in the remains of historical mining in the post-exploitation field in Tarnowskie Góry, Poland. The limited historical sources indicated that lead ore and silver were mined there from the 12th to 20th centuries. The research utilised radiocarbon dating, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and fallout radioisotopes analysis to establish a chronology of the mining remains. Excavations were conducted on three historical mining shafts. In one of them, remains of old construction wood were found. Radiocarbon dating yielded 12 results, with the majority falling within the range of 1435 cal AD to 1645 cal AD. Two results were significantly older and covered the period of the beginnings of the Polish State. OSL dating provided results ranging from 2.5 ka BP to 216 ka BP, a time range much older than that indicated by radiocarbon dates. The OSL ages were found to be greatly overestimated, indicating that the luminescence signal was not reset during the redeposition of sediments. While the obtained results provided a preliminary chronology of the study site, further detailed research, especially regarding the older samples, is necessary to enhance our understanding of the mining history in the area.
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Kondratiev, V. B. "Covid-19 and Mining industry." Mining Industry (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 5/2020 (October 20, 2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2020-5-10-18.
Анотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the commodity markets and mining industry around the world in different ways. Mining company’s operations have been hit by coronavirus outbreaks and government-mandated production stops. Demand for many commodities remains low. This paper examines the potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future commodity demand, mining prospects, as well as tactical and strategic steps by mining companies to overcome the current crisis quickly and effectively.
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Hermis, Hermis, Sri Mulyati, M. Prayogie Aulia, Ichwana Ichwana, Silmina Simina, and Nasrul Arahman. "Remediation of Remains Place Gold Mining Land Using Boiler Ash and Sludge from Palm Oil Liquid Waste Processing." BIO Web of Conferences 89 (2024): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248901008.
Анотація:
The activity of placer gold mining has ruined the ecosystem by disturbing the upper soil layers, contaminating waterways, and leading to sedimentation downstream. This study is being carried out in order to improve soil quality in Tanoh Mirah Village, Sungai Mas Subdistrict, West Aceh Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The main objective is to explore the impact of applying boiler ash and sludge from the palm oil liquid waste processing on enhancing the fertility of soil in areas previously used for mining activites. Infertile soil samples from the remains mining site were treated with a specific composition of boiler ash and sludge, placed in 5 kg plastic containers, and stored for 15 days. Subsequently, soil pH, accessible phosphorus (P), organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and exchangeable potassium (K) analyses were performed. The research findings demonstrate that after the remediation treatment, soil quality improved significantly. The soil's organic carbon content increased from 0.42% to 2.92% after applying 1,500 grams of sludge. The total nitrogen level increased from 0.02%. to 0.2% after treated with 1,500 grams of sludge, and 500 grams of boiler ash. The phosphorus content of the soil increased up to 123.13 mg/kg from original condition of 1.3 mg/kg, when 1,500 grams of boiler ash were added. In summary, boiler ash and sludge remain from the palm oil industry’s waste processing activities have the potential to be used for enhacing the quality of soil damaged by placer gold mining processes.
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Xu, Gang, Yaping Hou, Hongwei Jin, and Zhongwei Wang. "Study on Source Identification of Mixed Gas Emission and Law of Gas Emission Based on Isotope Method." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031225.
Анотація:
It is of great significance to obtain the source of mixed gas emission from the working face and the law of gas emission from each coal seam for the targeted implementation of gas control measures. Based on the principle that the hydrocarbon isotope values of gas in different coal seams have significant variability, a hydrocarbon isotope method for identifying the source of gas emission is proposed. Taking Pingmei No. 6 Coal Mine as the study area, the distribution characteristics of each value were obtained by testing the values of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in the gas of mined coal seams and adjacent coal seams; by testing the hydrocarbon isotope value of CH4 in the mixed gas of coal seam, the proportion of gas emission in each coal seam is determined and the law of gas emission in each coal seam is studied. The results show that the variation law of the proportion of gas emission in each coal seam can be divided into three stages: the dominant stage of gas emission in the mining layer (stage I), the stage of gas emission in the long-distance adjacent coal seam (stage II), and the dynamic equilibrium stage of gas emission in each coal seam (stage III). In the process of working face mining, the amount of gas emission in the mining layer remains in a small fluctuation state, and the proportion of gas emission decreases rapidly in stage I and stage II, and remains stable in stage III; the amount of gas emission and the proportion of gas emission in adjacent coal seams increase rapidly in stage I and stage II, and remain stable in stage III; the mixed gas emission of the working face increases rapidly in stage I and stage II, and remains stable in stage III. The calculation formula of the gas emission rate of the adjacent coal seam is established; during the development of the height of the mining fractured zone, the gas emission rate of the adjacent coal seam increases exponentially, and the gas emission ratio and gas emission amount of the adjacent coal seam increase; after the height of mining fracture zone tends to be stable, the gas emission rate, the proportion of gas emission, and the amount of gas emission remain of adjacent coal seams remain in a small fluctuation state.
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Álvarez López, Laura. "The dialect of São João da Chapada: Possible remains of a mining language in Minas Gerais, Brazil." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2019, no. 258 (August 27, 2019): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2019-2032.
Анотація:
Abstract This article focuses on the analysis of a specific vocabulary, possibly the remains of a mining language spoken by descendants of Africans. It analyzes 149 lexical items that were registered in the 1920s in a rural region of Minas Gerais, near the city of Diamantina. Based on earlier historical and linguistic studies, as well as on dictionaries of relevant African languages, the lexical study aims to analyze 149 words and expressions in order to verify the etymologies, and determine whether they fit the demographic data available on the origins of the slave population in this area. The second aim is to analyze the distribution of the lexical items in different semantic domains and word classes and compare the observed tendencies, as well as other linguistic characteristics and social functions, with other mining languages and/or similar Afro-Brazilian and Afro-European varieties. The results indicate that Umbundu maintained a high status in the area, and that this variety was not limited to mining activities, but was probably used in everyday life as a secret code that was part of the strategies of resistance among slaves.
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Kawiecka, R., A. Krawczyk, P. Lewińska, K. Pargieła, Stanisław Szombara, A. Tama, K. Adamek, and M. Lupa. "Mining Activity and its Remains - The Possibilities of Obtaining, Analysing and Disseminating of Various Data on the Example of Miedzianka, Lower Silesia, Poland." Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2018-0020.
Анотація:
Abstract The article presents comprehensive documentation of the situation of post-mining Miedzianka village (former town), which is located in Lower Silesia, in south-western Poland. Due to the long-term expansive mining exploitation since the 14th century, over time Miedzianka was completely destroyed and depopulated, thus nowadays, only a few inhabitants live there. The basis for the conducted research area were changes in land and urban structure that have been occurring for centuries in connection with mining operation of copper and uranium. The authors focused on presenting the changes using archival cartographic documentation, land surveying measurements and 3D modelling. That data allowed to determine on the ground specific sites related to mining operations, discover old urban buildings, performing their 3D models and finding places potentially threatened by continuous and discontinuous deformations. The combination of all the data allowed to present the full situation that occurred in Miedzianka.
Дисертації з теми "Mining remains":
1
Rockman, Marcia Helen 1971. "Investigation of faunal remains and social perspectives on natural resource use in an 1867 Wyoming gold mining town." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278493.
Анотація:
This project is an investigation into the role of wild game in the subsistence modes of the miners of the 1867 Wyoming Gold Rush. It is a preliminary step toward understanding both the dynamics of food procurement during the settlement of the American West and the place of those dynamics in a larger model of the history of American relations to and use of natural resources. Three faunal assemblages from different locales within the historic gold-mining town of South Pass City, Wyoming are analyzed and compared in terms of the presence and use of wild and domestic taxa. Historical sources are assessed for evidence of game procurement and perceptions of natural resources. Although the studied assemblages do not empirically represent the wild game depletion suggested by documentary sources, they do reflect cultural preferences of the time, and may represent a situation of depletion and ultimately a shift in utilized game resources.
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Dahlin, Johanna. "Kriget är inte över förrän den sista soldaten är begraven : Minnesarbete och gemenskap kring andra världskriget i S:t Petersburg med omnejd." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Kultur och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-85028.
Анотація:
Avhandlingen undersöker minnespraktiker kring andra världskriget i S:t Petersburg med omnejd, en stad som under namnet Leningrad 1941–44 var belägrad av tyskarna i över två år. På fronterna runt den omringade staden rasade under drygt två år hårda strider. Skogarna och myrarna där är fortfarande fulla av spår av kriget och marken gömmer kvarlevor av de soldater som fick sätta livet till under striderna. Avhandlingens empiriska fokus är den rörelse som arbetar för att dessa soldater till slut ska få en begravning och kunna identifieras. I avhandlingen speglas olika aspekter av verksamheten: vikten av ett namn, begravningarna, gemensamhetsskapandet, platsen och krigets spår i landskapet. Sökandet sätts också in i en större samhällelig kontext. Minnet av kriget är en viktig källa till stolthet i Ryssland, och segerdagen 9 maj har hög officiell status och stor folklig uppslutning. Det stora lidandet och uppoffringen bidrar till att göra kriget heligt, både då och nu. Det finns en föreställning om att de nu levande har skyldigheter mot det förflutna – en plikt att minnas. Sökarbetet är en komplex kamp mellan identifikation med och kritik av bärande nationella myter. Avhandlingen utforskar spänningsfältet minne och glömska och undersöker hur minnet av andra världskriget får bestående och ritualiserad mening, samt hur meningsskapandet förändras över tid och i olika sammanhang.In this dissertation commemorative practices in St Petersburg and Leningrad oblast relating to the Second World War are investigated. The city of Leningrad was besieged by the Germans for more than two years 1941–44 and on the fronts around the city raged fierce battles. The woods and bogs here are still full of traces from the war, and the ground hides the remains of fallen soldiers. The empirical focus of the dissertation is the Russian voluntary movement working to find, bury, and if possible identify these soldiers. Different aspects of the activity are investigated: the importance of a name, the funerals, community building, the place, and the traces of war in the landscape. The search for fallen soldiers is related to a wider societal context. The war is an important source of national pride in Russia, and Victory Day May 9th is a holiday with high official status as well as popular enthusiasm. The suffering and sacrifice from the war contributes to making it sacred, both then and now. There is a widespread idea that the now living have obligations to the past – a duty to remember. The search activity is a complex struggle between identification with and critique of national myths. The dissertation explores the tension between memory and forgetting, and investigates how the memory of the Second World War is imbued with lasting and ritualised meaning, and how meaning is changed over time and in different contexts.
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Van, der Merwe Alie Emily. "Human skeletal remains from Kimberley an assessment of health in a 19th century mining community /." Diss., 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07102007-151337.
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Meyer, Anja. "An assessment of metabolic bone disease in the skeletal remains of Chinese indentured mine labourers from the Witwatersrand." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33240.
Анотація:
An essential part of bioarchaeology is the study of diet and nutrition and its effects on the general health of a person. Interpretation of nutritional and metabolic disease related pathologies often provide additional insight into the daily social and cultural practices of people. It is therefore also an essential part of understanding differences amongst past populations from archaeological contexts and provides an alternative means for cross referencing historical accounts.
In this study the skeletal remains of 36 Chinese indentured mine labourers, who worked and died on the Witwatersrand mines during the period AD 1904-1910, were assessed for any signs of metabolic or nutritionally related signs of disease. Historical information suggests that these indentured Chinese labourers came from poverty stricken communities in China where disease and malnutrition were often encountered. Once in South Africa they were again subjected to the harsh living and working conditions associated with mining. Analyses suggest that all 36 individuals were males between the ages of 16 and 45 years, with the majority being of young adult age (20-34 years). Pathology that could be observed included a high prevalence of nutrition-related changes and linear enamel hypoplasia which suggests that the Chinese miners had been subjected to long periods of malnutrition and illness throughout childhood continuing into adulthood. Nevertheless, a large proportion of lesions associated with malnutrition showed some degree of healing. A high frequency of traumatic lesions, specifically peri-mortem fractures, was observed and may have contributed to the death of many of the Chinese miners. It therefore seems that even though the healing of pathological lesions associated with malnutrition indicated a period of improved nutritional intake, possibly during their time on the Witwatersrand mines, the high prevalence of peri-mortem fractures attests to the hazardous working conditions associated with deep-level mining.
In order to aid in the interpretation of skeletal pathology associated with metabolic and nutritional diseases non-specific signs of disease observed in a cadaver skeletal sample with known causes of death (related to specific metabolic or nutritional diseases) were compared to pathology observed in the Chinese miners. This provided pathological patterns which enabled a better interpretation of the pathology observed in the Chinese skeletal remains.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
am2014
Anatomy
unrestricted
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Velásquez, Teresa Angélica. "Going green : sustainable mining, water, and the remaking of social protest in post-neoliberal Ecuador." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19460.
Анотація:
This dissertation examines the reconfiguration of popular environmental politics in the context of so-called sustainable mining development in Ecuador. Progressive governments in Latin America herald sustainable mining initiatives as the lynchpin to development capable of generating revenues to finance social welfare programs and protecting the environment. If this is so, my dissertation asks, then why has a proposed sustainable gold mine provoked such bitter opposition from dairy farmers in the parish of Victoria del Portete?
My dissertation follows a group of indigenous and mestizo dairy farmers in the southern Ecuadorian Andes to understand why they oppose gold mining in their watershed and traces the cultural and political transformations that followed from their activism.
I make four key arguments in this dissertation. First, I argue that sustainable mining plans place a premium on local water resources and have the effect of rearticulating local water disputes. Whereas owners of small and large dairy farms have historically disputed local access to water resources now they have created a unified movement against the proposed gold mine project. Second, I argue that knowledge practices and political discourses enabled farmers with varying claims to ethnic ancestry and socio-economic standing to establish connections with each other and with national indigenous leaders, Catholic priests, artists, and urban ecologists. Together they have formed a movement in defense of life. My analysis extends common understandings of the nature of human agency and political life by examining the role that non-human entities play in shaping contemporary environmental politics. Third, as a result of the mobilizations, new socio-environmental formations have emerged. The watershed has become a sacred place called Kimsacocha, which is venerated by farmers through new cultural practices as the source of life. Finally, the mobilizations in defense of life have re-centered indigeneity in unexpected ways. Farmers with and without indigenous ancestry as well as their urban allies are now claiming an indigenous identity. Unlike previous understandings of identity in the region, indigeneity does not denote a shared racial, cultural, or class position but refers to a particular way of understanding and relation to the environment.text
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Chen, Shu-Wei, and 陳樹衛. "Formation of Technical Manpower in China’s Industry and Mining and its Historical Meaning—A Focus on Remained Japanese Technologists in Northeast China in the primary of the Post-World War II." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24m832.
Анотація:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
資訊管理研究所在職專班
97
High-quality human resource is a major momentum for large-scale economic growth of a nation. Thus, technical manpower in Northeast China has always been a focus of domestic and foreign researchers. In the post-war industrial and mining development of Northeast China, Japanese technologists played an extremely important role. After the Russo-Japanese War ended in 1905, Japan successfully extended its power to Northeast China and transferred many industrial and mining technicians to this area. However, the existence and functions of these Japanese technologists have seemingly been neglected in existing literature associated with post-war industrial and mining development in Northeast China. Therefore, this study was focused on Japanese technologists retained for construction and development of industry and mining in Northeast China in the early post-war stage to make a comprehensive analysis of the historical background, transfer of techniques, subsequent development, and the influence of this foreign workforce. Based on the above-mentioned direction, this study was designed to (1) discuss the research method, procedure, and expected results; (2) analyze the influence of Japanese technologists on the industrial and mining development in Northeast China; (3) investigate the post-war industrial and mining development in Northeast China and its subsequent development; (4) explore studies of the influence of the remained Japanese technologists on the industrial and mining development in Northeast China; and (5) propose conclusions of this research. The main objective of this study was to investigate the gap of historical research on the formation of technical manpower in industrial and mining development in Northeast China in the primary of post-war and find out the meaning and historical status of this Japanese workforce. Results showed that Japanese technologists who were after the war, joined various industrial and mining reconstruction projects and helped resolve the Chinese Nationalist Party’s (KMT) and Communist Party’s imminent needs for technical workforce at that time. Besides, they also made undeniable contribution to transfer of related techniques, which helped laid the foundation of modern industrial and mining development in Northeast China.
Книги з теми "Mining remains":
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Dobson, Robert D. We're going to the 1845 Jackson Mine, Negaunee, Michigan: Including the Mather "B" Mine, removal of homes and buildings, the remains of "Old Town," and the New Heritage Trail. Negaunee, Michigan: Dobson Publications, 2012.
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Chudek, Mirosław. Loads and stress occuring in the orogen, in the vicinity of wall headings, remains of coal seams, and barrier pillars in underground mines. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1985.
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Humphreys, David. The Remaking of the Mining Industry. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137442017.
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Humphreys, David. The remaking of the mining industry. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
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Gwosdz, W. Remarks on zircon. Zomba [Malawi]: Republic of Malawi, Ministry of Forestry and Natural Resources, Geological Survey Dept., 1992.
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Bush), United States President (2001-2009 :. Waiver concerning the Clean Diamond Trade Act: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting notification of his determination that an applicable waiver has retroactive effect to January 1, 2003 and will remain in effect until December 31, 2006, as consistent with "The Clean Diamond Trade Act", pursuant to Pub. L. 108-19. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.
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United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush). Waiver concerning the Clean Diamond Trade Act: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting notification of his determination that an applicable waiver has retroactive effect to January 1, 2003 and will remain in effect until December 31, 2006, as consistent with "The Clean Diamond Trade Act", pursuant to Pub. L. 108-19. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.
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United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush). Waiver concerning the Clean Diamond Trade Act: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting notification of his determination that an applicable waiver has retroactive effect to January 1, 2003 and will remain in effect until December 31, 2006, as consistent with "The Clean Diamond Trade Act", pursuant to Pub. L. 108-19. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.
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Teather, Anne M. Mining and Materiality: Neolithic Chalk Artefacts and Their Depositional Contexts in Southern Britain. Archaeopress, 2016.
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Humphreys, D. Remaking of the Mining Industry. Palgrave Macmillan Limited, 2015.
Частини книг з теми "Mining remains":
1
Barbieri, Luciana, Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira, Kleber Stroeh, and Wil M. P. van der Aalst. "Towards a Natural Language Conversational Interface for Process Mining." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 268–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98581-3_20.
Анотація:
AbstractDespite all the recent advances in process mining, making it accessible to non-technical users remains a challenge. In order to democratize this technology and make process mining ubiquitous, we propose a conversational interface that allows non-technical professionals to retrieve relevant information about their processes and operations by simply asking questions in their own language. In this work, we propose a reference architecture to support a conversational, process mining oriented interface to existing process mining tools. We combine classic natural language processing techniques (such as entity recognition and semantic parsing) with an abstract logical representation for process mining queries. We also provide a compilation of real natural language questions (aiming to form a dataset of that sort) and an implementation of the architecture that interfaces to an existing commercial tool: Everflow. Last but not least, we analyze the performance of this implementation and point out directions for future work.
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Darnell, Amy L., and Ahoo Tabatabai. "The Werk That Remains: Drag and the Mining of the Idealized Female Form." In RuPaul’s Drag Race and the Shifting Visibility of Drag Culture, 91–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50618-0_7.
3
Muhamed, Aashiq, Sriram Srinivasan, Choon-Hui Teo, Qingjun Cui, Belinda Zeng, Trishul Chilimbi, and S. V. N. Vishwanathan. "Web-Scale Semantic Product Search with Large Language Models." In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 73–85. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33380-4_6.
Анотація:
AbstractDense embedding-based semantic matching is widely used in e-commerce product search to address the shortcomings of lexical matching such as sensitivity to spelling variants. The recent advances in BERT-like language model encoders, have however, not found their way to realtime search due to the strict inference latency requirement imposed on e-commerce websites. While bi-encoder BERT architectures enable fast approximate nearest neighbor search, training them effectively on query-product data remains a challenge due to training instabilities and the persistent generalization gap with cross-encoders. In this work, we propose a four-stage training procedure to leverage large BERT-like models for product search while preserving low inference latency. We introduce query-product interaction pre-finetuning to effectively pretrain BERT bi-encoders for matching and improve generalization. Through offline experiments on an e-commerce product dataset, we show that a distilled small BERT-based model (75M params) trained using our approach improves the search relevance metric by up to 23% over a baseline DSSM-based model with similar inference latency. The small model only suffers a 3% drop in relevance metric compared to the 20x larger teacher. We also show using online A/B tests at scale, that our approach improves over the production model in exact and substitute products retrieved.
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Kowasch, Matthias, and Julien Merlin. "Conflicts and Legitimacy of Environmental Organisations Facing Mining Projects in New Caledonia-Kanaky." In Geographies of New Caledonia-Kanaky, 85–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49140-5_8.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter deals with conflicts and the legitimacy of environmental associations in conflict with, or holding to account, recent nickel projects in New Caledonia-Kanaky – Goro Nickel in the South and Koniambo in the North. Based on the concepts of environmental justice and resource conflicts, and on environmental management provisions, we discuss how environmental associations dealing with mining impacts raise their voice, gain legitimacy and intervene in environmental monitoring. The organisations CEK/Environord, ŒIL, CCCE and Rhéébù Nùù pursue different approaches and strategies. CEK was internal to the mining company KNS (Koniambo Nickel SAS) before becoming more “independent” under the label “Environord” (despite continuing financing from KNS). Rhéébù Nùù aimed to fight against the Goro Nickel project in the South before signing a pact with the Brazilian group Vale, with royalties and community benefits. ŒIL is advised by an independent scientific committee which gives it broader legitimacy. Its environmental monitoring allows it some participation in the project, but decision-making remains with the mining operators. Despite the important actions of these NGOs, the pro-independence party FLNKS and the upheavals in 2020 around the selling of the Goro Nickel smelter show that political authorities in New Caledonia-Kanaky are trying to obtain greater control over nickel extraction, processing and exportation themselves.
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Batterbury, Simon P. J., and Matthias Kowasch. "Introduction: Geographical Understanding and “Listening” in New Caledonia-Kanaky." In Geographies of New Caledonia-Kanaky, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49140-5_1.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter is an introduction to “Geographies of New Caledonia-Kanaky”, edited by Matthias Kowasch and Simon Batterbury. The archipelago is a “biodiversity hotspot” with high species endemism, ultramafic soils and nickel resources that have been mined extensively for nearly 150 years. It remains a territory of France, and after three referendums on independence, decolonisation is an unfinished and ongoing process that still divides communities in their interpretation of history and their aspirations for the future. The 21 chapters of the book, including this introduction and the conclusion, reflect different themes and offer cultural, political, social and ecological perspectives. New Caledonia-Kanaky (NC-K) is a “window on the world” in terms of decolonisation paths, environmental and social justice, racial inequality, biodiversity and the impacts of mining. The book has seven parts: (1) biodiversity, environmental protection and policies; (2) fisheries and agriculture; (3) extractive industries, mining development and waste management; (4) land reform and urban development; (5) cultural heritage, languages and education; (6) small-scale politics and gender questions; and lastly (7) decolonisation and political independence.
6
Veland, Siri, Leticia Antunes Nogueira, and Vida Marie Daae Steiro. "Tipping Away from Coal?: Exploring Narratives and Tipping Dynamics in the Phaseout of Coal on Svalbard." In Springer Climate, 259–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50762-5_13.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter explores societal tipping points in energy transitions in the Arctic through the case of the phasing out of coal mining on Svalbard. The economy of the region, which has high geopolitical importance in the Arctic, was founded based on extractivism. More than a century ago, coal mining not only consolidated as Svalbard’s main industrial activity, but also crystalized in the region’s identity and in Norway’s strategy for sustaining its presence on the archipelago. International agreements and debates concerning green transitions, in combination with fluctuating coal prices and ageing infrastructure, have provoked the emergence of various narratives concerning the future of the archipelago. These narratives entail both low-carbon alternatives for the local economy, and alternative energy sources to power human life on Svalbard. This chapter examines these narratives, focusing on the interplay between demographic and socio-economic developments of the past 20 years. Several kinds of societal tipping points can be observed, from politico-economic to demographic and socio-cultural tipping points. The question remains, however, whether the Svalbard case also exemplifies tipping points in the biophysical dimensions of social-ecological systems. This will in large part depend on the ability to find viable energy alternatives that harmonize with regional geopolitical security.
7
Hidalgo, Luciano, and Jorge Munoz-Gama. "Domain-Driven Event Abstraction Framework for Learning Dynamics in MOOCs Sessions." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 552–64. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27815-0_40.
Анотація:
AbstractIn conjunction with the rapid expansion of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), academic interest has grown in the analysis of MOOC student study sessions. Education researchers have increasingly regarded process mining as a promising tool with which to answer simple questions, including the order in which resources are completed. However, its application to more complex questions about learning dynamics remains a challenge. For example, do MOOC students genuinely study from a resource or merely skim content to understand what will come next? One common practice is to use the resources directly as activities, resulting in spaghetti process models that subsequently undergo filtering. However, this leads to over-simplified and difficult-to-interpret conclusions. Consequently, an event abstraction becomes necessary, whereby low-level events are combined with high-level activities. A wide range of event abstraction techniques has been presented in process mining literature, primarily in relation to data-driven bottom-up strategies, where patterns are discovered from the data and later mapped to education concepts. Accordingly, this paper proposes a domain-driven top-down framework that allows educators who are less familiar with data and process analytics to more easily search for a set of predefined high-level concepts from their own MOOC data. The framework outlined herein has been successfully tested in a Coursera MOOC, with the objective of understanding the in-session behavioral dynamics of learners who successfully complete their respective courses.
8
Liu, Bing. "Concluding Remarks." In Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining, 133–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02145-9_12.
9
Santoire, Emmanuelle. "International Investor-State Disputes Arbitration Through Energy Justice Lenses: Opening the Case for “Greening Through Free Trade” Narratives." In Just Transitions, 69–76. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46282-5_11.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter focuses on international investment arbitration through the lens of energy justice. It unfolds against the backdrop of a growing intersection between international trade, investments, and the urgent need for climate action. Recently, trade and investment agreements have included environmental provisions, but their effectiveness remains controversial. Concurrently, the energy and mining sectors account for a significant 40–50% of the disputes brought before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes each year. In this context, investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) is a particularly controversial instrument and raises strong questions related to its influence on energy governance. The chapter underscores how energy justice can offer a powerful vantage point for evaluating the functioning of ISDS. Then, it argues for the urgent need to reform the architecture of ISDS to bring it into line with the principles of energy justice, in view of considering international investments as an appropriate lever for global energy-climate transitions. This includes a call for improved transparency and active engagement with local actors to redress the procedural, distributive, and restorative imbalances that currently characterise ISDS awards.
10
Horák, Jan, Estella Weiss-Krejci, Jan Frolík, Filip Velímský, and Ladislav Šmejda. "The Cemetery and Ossuary at Sedlec near Kutná Hora: Reflections on the Agency of the Dead." In Bioarchaeology and Social Theory, 269–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03956-0_12.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter exposes multiple contextual layers in the historical background of the famous Ossuary at Sedlec in the Czech Republic. The Cistercian monastery of Sedlec was founded in the twelfth century and its importance soon increased together with the expansion of silver mining in the nearby town of Kutná Hora. According to a later legendary narrative, soil brought from the Holy Land was scattered across the monastic cemetery, which made this place an attractive destination for the burial of countless corpses in the course of the following centuries. The enormous amount of human remains in individual as well as mass graves led to the establishment of the Ossuary, which was rearranged several times, most recently in the second half of the nineteenth century. A variety of folk tales tell of the miraculous deeds of the bones and their special powers. Being conveniently located in the buffer zone of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Kutná Hora, today crowds of tourists appreciate the macabre use of human skeletal elements in its decoration. A large-scale rescue excavation conducted recently around the Ossuary revealed an important archaeological archive that complements historical records.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Mining remains":
1
Matei, Andrada Denisa, Emilian Ghicioi, Marius Simion Morar, and Daniel Florea. "SAFETY IN THE MINING INDUSTRY." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s03.047.
Анотація:
Underground mining remains one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, and coalmining is known for its high accident rates. In this paper we aim to present an overview of safety in the extractive industry and we will present statistics on known accidents. The repeated occurrence of explosions in underground mining raises questions about the measures taken to prevent their occurrence. Hazard identification and risk analysis are necessary to identify adverse events that may lead to a hazardous situation, to analyze the mechanism by which this adverse event may occur and usually to estimate the magnitude and likelihood of effects.
2
Brown, Leonard, Ngan Pham, and Jefferey Burgess. "Toward a Systems Framework Coupling Safety Culture, Risk Perception, and Hazard Recognition for the Mining Industry." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001493.
Анотація:
The United States mining industry has made steady progress to improve worker safety and reduce injuries. Despite these gains, the industry remains largely reactive in its approach to health and safety. There remains a primary focus on lagging indicators, such as the numbers of injuries, hours lost, and hazards found at the worksite. To facilitate a more proactive approach, new methods are needed to evaluate hazardous conditions and unsafe behaviors. This work explores the relationships among mine workers’ hazard recognition abilities, the individual’s perception of risk, and the safety culture of the mining workplace. We have conducted a literature review to identify key factors and analytical models in industries where health and safety are a major consideration, including construction, manufacturing, mining, and transportation. Our analysis considered both process-oriented frameworks, such as Systems Thinking approaches, and statistical methods, including Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). A meta-model was then developed to aggregate and examine key factors and potential causal relationships. We discuss the creation of this meta-model, identifying notable structural characteristics and hypotheses for future confirmatory analysis. Use cases are then outlined, including descriptive, evaluative, and generative applications.
3
Hope, Tom, Joel Chan, Aniket Kittur, and Dafna Shahaf. "Accelerating Innovation Through Analogy Mining." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/736.
Анотація:
The availability of large idea repositories (e.g., patents) could significantly accelerate innovation and discovery by providing people inspiration from solutions to analogous problems. However, finding useful analogies in these large, messy, real-world repositories remains a persistent challenge for both humans and computers. Previous approaches include costly hand-created databases that do not scale, or machine-learning similarity metrics that struggle to account for structural similarity, which is central to analogy. In this paper we explore the viability and value of learning simple structural representations. Our approach combines crowdsourcing and recurrent neural networks to extract purpose and mechanism vector representations from product descriptions. We demonstrate that these learned vectors allow us to find analogies with higher precision and recall than traditional methods. In an ideation experiment, analogies retrieved by our models significantly increased people's likelihood of generating creative ideas.
4
Lopez, Christian E., and Conrad S. Tucker. "From Mining Affective States to Mining Facial Keypoint Data: The Quest Towards Personalized Feedback." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67340.
Анотація:
Personalized and timely feedback has the potential to improve an individual’s performance on a wide variety of engineering tasks. The ability to capture an individual’s affective state(s) and performance on a task is a key component needed to advance personalization of feedback. While automated methods exist for quantifying task performance, the ability to quantify an individual’s affective state(s) remains an open research area. Existing methods for quantifying an individual’s affective state(s) are challenging to implement where real-time assessment is needed (e.g., engineering workshop environments). This has sparked a growing interest for automated systems capable of inferring individuals’ affective state(s), based on their projected facial or body cues. However, existing methods attempt to employ a general model to label an individual’s affective state(s) into discrete categories, such as fear, joy, surprise, etc. Nonetheless, emotional expressions are far more complex, as individual differences in facial expressions, may deteriorate the performance of these systems in providing personalized feedback. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes a machine learning method for predicting an individual’s performance on a task by utilizing his/her unique facial keypoint data, hereby bypassing the need to infer his/her discrete affective states. A case study involving 31 participants is presented. The support vector machine model employed to predict an individual’s performance yielded an accuracy of 77.15% for an individual-task specific model. In contrast, a general model yielded an accuracy of only 52.69%, hereby supporting the authors’ argument that individual-task specific models are more suitable for advancing personalized feedback.
5
Carvalho, Fernando P., Joa˜o M. Oliveira, and Lube´lia M. Torres. "Environmental Radioactivity Assessment Around Old Uranium Mining Sites Near Mangualde (Viseu), Portugal." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7366.
Анотація:
Uranium ore was extracted in the surroundings of Mangualde city, North of Portugal, in the mines of Cunha Baixa, Quinta do Bispo and Espinho until a few years ago. Mining waste, milling tailings and acid mine waters are the on site remains of this extractive activity. Environmental radioactivity measurements were performed in and around these sites in order to assess the dispersal of radionuclides from uranium mining waste and the spread of acidic waters resulting from the in situ uranium leaching with sulphuric acid. Results show migration of acid waters into groundwater around the Cunha Baixa mine. This groundwater is tapped by irrigation wells in the agriculture area near the Cunha Baixa village. Water from wells displayed uranium (238U) concentrations up to 19 × 103 mBq L−1 and sulphate ion concentrations up to 1070 mg L−1. These enhanced concentrations are positively correlated with low water pH, pointing to a common origin for radioactivity, dissolved sulphate, and acidity in underground mining works. Radionuclide concentrations were determined in horticulture and farm products from this area also and results suggest low soil to plant transfer of radionuclides and low food chain transfer of radionuclides to man. Analysis of aerosols in surface air showed re suspension of dust from mining and milling waste heaps. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain mine water treatment and to plan remediation of these mine sites in order to prevent waste dispersal in the environment.
6
Konečný, Peter, and Matej Styk. "Isaac Potter's 1722 Engine House in Königsberg/Nová Baňa: evidence and archaeology." In 2nd International Early Engines Conference. International Early Engines Conference & ISSES, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54267/ieec2-2-01.
Анотація:
The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the historical background of this eminent historical mining site in Central Europe and then present and analyse the key findings from our excavations of Isaac Potter’s engine house. Despite its notoriety in international historiography and some older detailed studies on Potter by Slovak historians, no efforts were made to locate and excavate the engine site and its associated Althandel shaft in Nová Baňa in Central Slovakia. The archaeological excavation was initiated as a project of a mining museum in the municipality of Nová Baňa. Its aim was to confirm the location of the Althandel shaft, and any building remains of the related atmospheric pumping engine. Based on three years of archaeological and historical research, it was possible to document the existence of the engine house and connect it to the activities of Isaac Potter in Nová Baňa.
7
Assis, Luiz Fernando, Flavio Horita, Benjamin Herfort, Enrico Steiger, and João Porto De Albuquerque. "A geographical approach for on-the-fly prioritizing social-media messages for flood risk management based on sensor data." In IV Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/brasnam.2015.6768.
Анотація:
Flood risk management requires updated and accurate information about the overall situation in vulnerable areas. Social media messages are considered to be as a valuable additional source of information to complement authoritative data (e.g. in situ sensor data). In some cases, these messages might also help to complement unsuitable or incomplete sensor data, and thus a more complete description of a phenomenon can be provided. Nevertheless, it remains a difficult matter to identify information that is significant and trustworthy. This is due to the huge volume of messages that are produced and which raises issues regarding their authenticity, confidentiality, trustworthiness, ownership and quality. In light of this, this paper adopts an approach for on-the-fly prioritization of social media messages that relies on sensor data (esp. water gauges). A proof-of-concept application of our approach is outlined by means of a hypothetical scenario, which uses social media messages from Twitter as well as sensor data collected through hydrological stations networks maintained by Pegelonline in Germany. The results have shown that our approach is able to prioritize social media messages and thus provide updated and accurate information for supporting tasks carried out by decision-makers in flood risk management.
8
Mukhamedyarova, Z., F. Suorineni, Z. Maksut, R. Meiramov, and A. Yazici. "Real-Time Seismic Wave Velocity Prediction for Accurate Source Location in Underground Mines Based on Machine Learning." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0482.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to develop machine learning techniques to forecast seismic wave velocities in real-time amidst the constantly changing conditions of underground mining. As human-induced seismicity in underground mining can negatively impact productivity, safety, and operating costs, it is crucial to have an accurate predictor for the source of microseismic events. To simulate the dynamic conditions of underground mining, laboratory experiments using AE systems and concrete blocks mimicking homogeneous rocks were conducted. The concrete blocks were of various sizes with different hole diameters and lengths representing variations in extraction ratio with mine maturity. Stress-induced fractures were produced using a static cracking agent. The blocks were tested with the voids empty and filled with various cement to sand ratios representing backfill in mining. The data collected from AE measurements, such as seismic wave velocity, arrival time, AE hits, and energy, were utilized to train different machine learning models, including linear regression, neural networks, Random Forest Decision Tree, and Gradient Boosted Decision Tree. The Gradient Boosted Decision Tree model demonstrated the highest accuracy with a mean absolute error of 7.15 m/s. The capability to predict seismic wave velocity in real-time would lead to better identification of the location of seismic events, ultimately improving the safety and efficiency of underground mining operations. INTRODUCTION This study specifically examines seismicity caused by underground mining operations. A seismic event refers to the sudden release of energy from the Earth crust, which leads to the propagation of seismic waves. In the mining industry, this release of energy can result in damage to equipment, injury, or even fatalities, in which case it is referred to as a rockburst (Feng et al., 2019). The impact of rockbursts and seismicity on mine safety, productivity, and costs is substantial. Despite this, predicting rockbursts remains a challenging task due to limitations in current knowledge and technology (Trifu and Suorineni, 2009). To address this issue, the implementation of microseismic monitoring systems in deep underground mines has become vital in managing mining-induced seismicity. These systems are critical in the management of seismic hazards, thus enhancing worker safety and mining productivity.
9
Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja, and Jaroslaw Kamyk. "THE EVOLUTION OF POLISH DEPENDENCY IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY RAW MATERIALS SECTOR." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s06.079.
Анотація:
Energy raw materials that play a crucial role in the economic development of Poland are: crude oil, natural gas as well as lignite and hard coal. The history of mining of the aforementioned raw materials have a complex and long tradition. Historically, Poland was a pioneer and a European leader in crude oil mining which now has only marginal importance in domestic demand. Currently, we are also a witnesses of a decline of hard coal mining which was the basis of the country's energy security for many years. Poland currently consumes approx. 4,500 PJ of primary energy per year, the majority of which being obtained from hard coal and crude oil, and further from natural gas, lignite and renewable sources. As far as coal is concerned, Poland has been relatively self-sufficient for many years, but for the provision of hydrocarbons it remains largely dependent on imports. As a result, crude oil and natural gas have been considered minerals critical for proper functioning of the economy that meet the living needs of the society, being necessary in national defence and security, including energy security. For this reason, activities aimed at diversifying the directions and sources of their supplies have been carried out for years.
10
Singh, T. N., and M. Sazid. "Simulation of Old Surface and Underground Working for Assessment of Slope Stability." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2023-0023.
Анотація:
Abstract Underground mining activities have potential influence on the surface slope stability. However, suitable attention has not yet been paid to these problems. The aim of this study is to analyze the possible influence of present and former mining activities on the selected set of physical and numerical model slope deformations in the Jharia Coalfield. In India coking coal seams are mainly confined to the Jharia coalfields of Jharkhand State. There are 19 coal seams, which were partially exploited earlier adopting the underground mining method. However, due to various complex geotechnical problems, it was not economically viable to continue the same method for coal extraction. A vast amount of coking coal remains unrecovered as they stand as pillars, collapsed materials, partings, barriers, etc. waiting to be extracted to meet the growing energy demand. In order to bridge the gap between the growing demands and supply, it is essential that the coal locked in the underground workings be recovered fully by implementing surface mining methods. As these new surface mines are planned in the areas which contain old surface and underground workings, the major problems will be the stability of slopes particularly when they meet the old underground workings, and the behavior of previously subsided material in the pit slopes. The present study was conducted to understand the effect of underground workings on the stability of new slopes using physical and numerical simulation. This paper emphasizes on the numerical simulation and further verification of the physical model results. The physical model results are well corroborated with numerical simulation study.
Звіти організацій з теми "Mining remains":
1
Fader, G. B. J., R. O. Miller, and B. J. Todd. Unusual features in Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada, Part 1. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331503.
Анотація:
The seabed of Halifax Harbour contains a variety of features that can be classified into natural and anthropogenic features. Natural features are formed by nature and consist of bedforms such as sand waves, sedimentary furrows, boulder berms, moraines, pockmarks, etc. Anthropogenic features are those formed by human activity and include anchor marks, cables, shipwrecks, dredge spoils, bridge and dock remains, etc. The anthropogenic imprint on the Harbour bottom is very dense, particularly in the inner Harbour, and makes the collection of natural unaffected seabed samples difficult. This poster illustrates and describes boulder berms, dredged areas and spoils, spud can marks, mining pits, and enigmatic gravel circles.
2
de Kemp, E. A., H. A. J. Russell, B. Brodaric, D. B. Snyder, M. J. Hillier, M. St-Onge, C. Harrison, et al. Initiating transformative geoscience practice at the Geological Survey of Canada: Canada in 3D. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331097.
Анотація:
Application of 3D technologies to the wide range of Geosciences knowledge domains is well underway. These have been operationalized in workflows of the hydrocarbon sector for a half-century, and now in mining for over two decades. In Geosciences, algorithms, structured workflows and data integration strategies can support compelling Earth models, however challenges remain to meet the standards of geological plausibility required for most geoscientific studies. There is also missing links in the institutional information infrastructure supporting operational multi-scale 3D data and model development. Canada in 3D (C3D) is a vision and road map for transforming the Geological Survey of Canada's (GSC) work practice by leveraging emerging 3D technologies. Primarily the transformation from 2D geological mapping, to a well-structured 3D modelling practice that is both data-driven and knowledge-driven. It is tempting to imagine that advanced 3D computational methods, coupled with Artificial Intelligence and Big Data tools will automate the bulk of this process. To effectively apply these methods there is a need, however, for data to be in a well-organized, classified, georeferenced (3D) format embedded with key information, such as spatial-temporal relations, and earth process knowledge. Another key challenge for C3D is the relative infancy of 3D geoscience technologies for geological inference and 3D modelling using sparse and heterogeneous regional geoscience information, while preserving the insights and expertise of geoscientists maintaining scientific integrity of digital products. In most geological surveys, there remains considerable educational and operational challenges to achieve this balance of digital automation and expert knowledge. Emerging from the last two decades of research are more efficient workflows, transitioning from cumbersome, explicit (manual) to reproducible implicit semi-automated methods. They are characterized by integrated and iterative, forward and reverse geophysical modelling, coupled with stratigraphic and structural approaches. The full impact of research and development with these 3D tools, geophysical-geological integration and simulation approaches is perhaps unpredictable, but the expectation is that they will produce predictive, instructive models of Canada's geology that will be used to educate, prioritize and influence sustainable policy for stewarding our natural resources. On the horizon are 3D geological modelling methods spanning the gulf between local and frontier or green-fields, as well as deep crustal characterization. These are key components of mineral systems understanding, integrated and coupled hydrological modelling and energy transition applications, e.g. carbon sequestration, in-situ hydrogen mining, and geothermal exploration. Presented are some case study examples at a range of scales from our efforts in C3D.
3
de Kemp, E. A., H. A. J. Russell, B. Brodaric, D. B. Snyder, M. J. Hillier, M. St-Onge, C. Harrison, et al. Initiating transformative geoscience practice at the Geological Survey of Canada: Canada in 3D. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331871.
Анотація:
Application of 3D technologies to the wide range of Geosciences knowledge domains is well underway. These have been operationalized in workflows of the hydrocarbon sector for a half-century, and now in mining for over two decades. In Geosciences, algorithms, structured workflows and data integration strategies can support compelling Earth models, however challenges remain to meet the standards of geological plausibility required for most geoscientific studies. There is also missing links in the institutional information infrastructure supporting operational multi-scale 3D data and model development. Canada in 3D (C3D) is a vision and road map for transforming the Geological Survey of Canada's (GSC) work practice by leveraging emerging 3D technologies. Primarily the transformation from 2D geological mapping, to a well-structured 3D modelling practice that is both data-driven and knowledge-driven. It is tempting to imagine that advanced 3D computational methods, coupled with Artificial Intelligence and Big Data tools will automate the bulk of this process. To effectively apply these methods there is a need, however, for data to be in a well-organized, classified, georeferenced (3D) format embedded with key information, such as spatial-temporal relations, and earth process knowledge. Another key challenge for C3D is the relative infancy of 3D geoscience technologies for geological inference and 3D modelling using sparse and heterogeneous regional geoscience information, while preserving the insights and expertise of geoscientists maintaining scientific integrity of digital products. In most geological surveys, there remains considerable educational and operational challenges to achieve this balance of digital automation and expert knowledge. Emerging from the last two decades of research are more efficient workflows, transitioning from cumbersome, explicit (manual) to reproducible implicit semi-automated methods. They are characterized by integrated and iterative, forward and reverse geophysical modelling, coupled with stratigraphic and structural approaches. The full impact of research and development with these 3D tools, geophysical-geological integration and simulation approaches is perhaps unpredictable, but the expectation is that they will produce predictive, instructive models of Canada's geology that will be used to educate, prioritize and influence sustainable policy for stewarding our natural resources. On the horizon are 3D geological modelling methods spanning the gulf between local and frontier or green-fields, as well as deep crustal characterization. These are key components of mineral systems understanding, integrated and coupled hydrological modelling and energy transition applications, e.g. carbon sequestration, in-situ hydrogen mining, and geothermal exploration. Presented are some case study examples at a range of scales from our efforts in C3D.
4
Moore, Mick. Glimpses of Fiscal States in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.022.
Анотація:
There is a widespread perception that taxing in sub-Saharan Africa has been and remains fraught with problems or government failure. This is not generally true. For more than a century, colonial administrations and independent states have steadily developed the capacity to routinely collect more substantial revenues than one might expect in a low-income region. The two main historical dimensions of this collection capacity were (a) powerful, centralized bureaucracies focused on achieving revenue collection targets and (b) large, taxable international trade sectors. In recent decades, those centralized bureaucracies have to some extent been reformed such that in structure and procedure they resemble more closely tax administrations in OECD countries. More strikingly, nearly all states have adopted VAT and found it to be a very powerful revenue collection instrument. However, the tax share of GDP has been broadly constant for several decades, and it will be hard to increase it. It is difficult for African governments to effectively tax transnational corporations, especially in the mining and energy sectors, which are of growing importance. Tax administrations continue to approach richer Africans with a light touch, and to exaggerate the potential for taxing small-scale (‘informal’) enterprises. The revenue operations of sub-national governments are often opaque. Ordinary people often pay large sums in ‘informal taxes’ that are generally regressive in impact. And the standard direction of travel in the reform of tax policy and administration is not appropriate to those large areas, especially in the Sahel, that are afflicted by internal and cross-border armed conflicts.
5
Hertel, Thomas, Kym Anderson, Joseph Francois, and Will Martin. Agriculture and Non-agricultural Liberalization in the Millennium Round. GTAP Working Paper, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp08.
Анотація:
Much remains to be done before agricultural trade is as liberal as world trade in manufactures. But agriculture is distorted by more than agricultural policies. In developing countries especially, farming is discouraged not only by farm protection policies in high-income countries but also by those countries' own manufacturing policies and distortions to services markets. This paper explores the extent to which multilateral liberalization of not only farm but also non-farm policies would affect welfare and the markets for farm products. It projects the global economy to 2005, when the Uruguay Round (UR) implementation will be complete, and assesses the potential impact of further cuts from that post-UR base. This is done using a modified version of the GTAP model of global trade, assuming 40% cuts in protection in agriculture, mining and manufacturing, and services. Results suggest agricultural and industrial liberalizations could yield similar-sized benefits for the global economy in 2005. However, the distributions of gains from those cuts are quite different as between rich and poor countries. We also examine the interaction between non-agricultural reforms and agricultural trade balances. For some regions, most notably for China, non-agricultural reforms dominate and reverse the sign of the change in the food trade balance following liberalization of both farm and non-farm trade. This suggests policy makers concerned with food and agriculture need to give attention also to non-agricultural policy reforms. Keywords: WTO, multilateral trade negotiations, manufacturing trade reform, agricultural distortions JEL Codes: F13, F14, F17, Q17
6
Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.
Анотація:
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.
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Sagaiyaraj, Bernard. Increasing Energy Efficiency of Central Cooling Systems with Engineered Nanofluids. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau538344493.
Анотація:
Buildings consume about 40% of the world’s energy consumption and of that, 65% is dedicated to cooling (or heating) systems. Central building cooling uses water as the main heat transfer medium. The nanoparticle fluid suspension exhibits thermal properties superior to water. The goal was to achieve the highest possible thermal properties with just the right amount of nanoparticles in a uniform and stable dispersion and suspension in water. This engineered nanofluid contains a uniform and stable suspension of graphene nanoparticles (GNP) in water. Using covalent functionalization, centrifugation and high-speed dispersion, the GNP remains in a stable suspension indefinitely. The nanofluid is applied to the closed loop of the chilled water system, where the heat transfer enhancement occurs at the fluid tubes within the evaporator and the tubing in the chilled water coils within the Air Handling Units(AHUs). The Proof of Concept (POC) completed in 2019 using laboratory-derived nanofluid resulted in energy saving that averaged at 32% compared with the baseline fluid (water). In 2022, a Scaled-Up mini plant produced GNP nanofluids in a commercial process environment, showing an average energy savings of 21%. These results were further verified and validated on small chilled water plants outside of the Scaled-Up plant with 25% and 29% average savings.
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Lee, Wall, and Worsley. PR-398-113719-R01 Technologies for Monitoring Erosion Corrosion and Direct Inspection of Subsea Assets. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010570.
Анотація:
This Final Report prepared by ESR Technology Ltd., provides the results of a study on subsea pipeline erosion and corrosion monitoring. The report is therefore split into two parts. The first part deals with monitoring erosion and corrosion, subsea; and the second part is on direct inspection techniques to monitor wall thickness loss. Generally, Subsea equipment is significantly more difficult to inspect than topside or land-based equipment and the study recognizes that many challenges and technology gaps remain. Sand, produced from oil and gas wells, can cause erosion and erosion/corrosion of subsea production systems and presents a number of threats to the safe reliable and economic operation of a facility. Sand control systems (e.g. sand screens) are used to prevent or limit sand production and therefore prevent erosion. In some developments, however, downhole sand control is not feasible and sand production may occur leading to erosion of the flowlines, pipes and equipment. Since erosion is strongly linked to flow velocity at bend points, erosion damage is principally a concern of equipment downstream of the wellhead (where the operating pressure is low) rather than being associated with damage to the well tubing (where operating pressure is relatively high but the flow path is predominantly straight). The goal of this research project is to screen current and potential techniques that provide a direct measure of loss of pipe wall thickness, rather than indirect measurement (e.g. erosion and corrosion probes, acoustic sand and electric field corrosion monitors). Such techniques should also be capable of being embarked on AUV, snake like robots, mini ROV etc.
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo, and Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.
Анотація:
Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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Monetary Policy Report - January 2023. Banco de la República, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2023.
Анотація:
1. Macroeconomic Summary In December, headline inflation (13.1%) and the average of the core inflation measures (10.3%) continued to trend upward, posting higher rates than those estimated by the Central Bank's technical staff and surpassing the market average. Inflation expectations for all terms exceeded the 3.0% target. In that month, every major group in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) registered higher-than-estimated increases, and the diffusion indicators continued to show generalized price hikes. Accumulated exchange rate pressures on prices, indexation to high inflation rates, and several food supply shocks would explain, in part, the acceleration in inflation. All of this is in a context of significant surplus demand, a tight labor market, and inflation expectations at different terms that exceed the 3.0% target. Compared to the October edition of the Monetary Policy Report, the forecast path for headline and core inflation (excluding food and regulated items: EFR) increased (Graphs 1.1 and 1.2), reflecting heightened accumulated exchange rate pressures, price indexation to a higher inflation rate (CPI and the producer price index: PPI), and the rise in labor costs attributed to a larger-than-estimated adjustment in the minimum wage. Nevertheless, headline inflation is expected to begin to ease by early 2023, although from a higher level than had been estimated in October. This would be supported initially by the slowdown forecast for the food CPI due to a high base of comparison, the end anticipated for the shocks that have affected the prices of these products, and the estimated improvement in external and domestic supply in this sector. In turn, the deterioration in real household income because of high inflation and the end of the effects of pent-up demand, plus tighter external and domestic financial conditions would contribute to diluting surplus demand in 2023 and reducing inflation. By the end of 2023, both headline and core (EFR) inflation would reach 8.7% and would be 3.5% and 3.8%, respectively, by December 2024. These forecasts are subject to a great deal of uncertainty, especially concerning the future behavior of international financial conditions, the evolution of the exchange rate, the pace of adjustment in domestic demand, the extent of indexation of nominal contracts, and the decisions taken regarding the domestic price of fuel and electricity. In the third quarter, economic activity surprised again on the upside and the growth projection for 2022 rose to 8.0% (previously 7.9%). However, it declined to 0.2% for 2023 (previously 0.5%). With this, surplus demand continues to be significant and is still expected to weaken during the current year. Annual economic growth in the third quarter (7.1 % SCA)1 was higher than estimated in October (6.4 % SCA), given stronger domestic demand specifically because of higher-than-expected investment. Private consumption fell from the high level witnessed a quarter earlier and net exports registered a more negative contribution than anticipated. For the fourth quarter, economic activity indicators suggest that gross domestic product (GDP) would have remained high and at a level similar to that observed in the third quarter, with an annual variation of 4.1%. Domestic demand would have slowed in annual terms, although at levels that would have remained above those for output, mainly because of considerable private consumption. Investment would have declined slightly to a value like the average observed in 2019. The real trade deficit would have decreased due to a drop in imports that was more pronounced than the estimated decline in exports. On the forecast horizon, consumption is expected to decline from current elevated levels, partly because of tighter domestic financial conditions and a deterioration in real income due to high inflation. Investment would also weaken and return to levels below those seen before the pandemic. In real terms, the trade deficit would narrow due to a lower momentum projection for domestic demand and higher cumulative real depreciation. In sum, economic growth for all of 2022, 2023, and 2024 would stand at 8.0%, 0.2% and 1.0%, respectively (Graph 1.3). Surplus demand remains high (as measured by the output gap) and is expected to decline in 2023 and could turn negative in 2024 (Graph 1.4). Although the macroeconomic forecast includes a marked slowdown in the economy, an even greater adjustment in domestic absorption cannot be ruled out due to the cumulative effects of tighter external and domestic financial conditions, among other reasons. These estimates continue to be subject to a high degree of uncertainty, which is associated with factors such as global political tensions, changes in international interest rates and their effects on external demand, global risk aversion, the effects of the approved tax reform, the possible impact of reforms announced for this year (pension, health, and labor reforms, among others), and future measures regarding hydrocarbon production. In 2022, the current account deficit would have been high (6.3 % of GDP), but it would be corrected significantly in 2023 (to 3.9 % of GDP) given the expected slowdown in domestic demand. Despite favorable terms of trade, the high external imbalance that would occur during 2022 would be largely due to domestic demand growth, cost pressures associated with high freight rates, higher external debt service payments, and good performance in terms of the profits of foreign companies.2 By 2023, the adjustment in domestic demand would be reflected in a smaller current account deficit especially due to fewer imports, a global moderation in prices and cost pressures, and a reduction in profits remitted abroad by companies with foreign direct investment (FDI) focused on the local market. Despite this anticipated correction in the external imbalance, its level as a percentage of GDP would remain high in the context of tight financial conditions. In the world's main economies, inflation forecasts and expectations point to a reduction by 2023, but at levels that still exceed their central banks' targets. The path anticipated for the Federal Reserve (Fed) interest rate increased and the forecast for global growth continues to be moderate. In the fourth quarter of 2022, logistics costs and international prices for some foods, oil and energy declined from elevated levels, bringing downward pressure to bear on global inflation. Meanwhile, the higher cost of financing, the loss of real income due to high levels of global inflation, and the persistence of the war in Ukraine, among other factors, have contributed to the reduction in global economic growth forecasts. In the United States, inflation turned out to be lower than estimated and the members of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) reduced the growth forecast for 2023. Nevertheless, the actual level of inflation in that country, its forecasts, and expectations exceed the target. Also, the labor market remains tight, and fiscal policy is still expansionary. In this environment, the Fed raised the expected path for policy interest rates and, with this, the market average estimates higher levels for 2023 than those forecast in October. In the region's emerging economies, country risk premia declined during the quarter and the currencies of those countries appreciated against the US dollar. Considering all the above, for the current year, the Central Bank's technical staff increased the path estimated for the Fed's interest rate, reduced the forecast for growth in the country's external demand, lowered the expected path of oil prices, and kept the country’s risk premium assumption high, but at somewhat lower levels than those anticipated in the previous Monetary Policy Report. Moreover, accumulated inflationary pressures originating from the behavior of the exchange rate would continue to be important. External financial conditions facing the economy have improved recently and could be associated with a more favorable international context for the Colombian economy. So far this year, there has been a reduction in long-term bond interest rates in the markets of developed countries and an increase in the prices of risky assets, such as stocks. This would be associated with a faster-than-expected reduction in inflation in the United States and Europe, which would allow for a less restrictive course for monetary policy in those regions. In this context, the risks of a global recession have been reduced and the global appetite for risk has increased. Consequently, the risk premium continues to decline, the Colombian peso has appreciated significantly, and TES interest rates have decreased. Should this trend consolidate, exchange rate inflationary pressures could be less than what was incorporated into the macroeconomic forecast. Uncertainty about external forecasts and their impact on the country remains high, given the unpredictable course of the war in Ukraine, geopolitical tensions, local uncertainty, and the extensive financing needs of the Colombian government and the economy. High inflation with forecasts and expectations above 3.0%, coupled with surplus demand and a tight labor market are compatible with a contractionary stance on monetary policy that is conducive to the macroeconomic adjustment needed to mitigate the risk of de-anchoring inflation expectations and to ensure that inflation converges to the target. Compared to the forecasts in the October edition of the Monetary Policy Report, domestic demand has been more dynamic, with a higher observed level of output exceeding the productive capacity of the economy. In this context of surplus demand, headline and core inflation continued to trend upward and posted surprising increases. Observed and expected international interest rates increased, the country’s risk premia lessened (but remains at high levels), and accumulated exchange rate pressures are still significant. The technical staff's inflation forecast for 2023 increased and inflation expectations remain well above 3.0%. All in all, the risk of inflation expectations becoming unanchored persists, which would accentuate the generalized indexation process and push inflation even further away from the target. This macroeconomic context requires consolidating a contractionary monetary policy stance that aims to meet the inflation target within the forecast horizon and bring the economy's output to levels closer to its potential. 1.2 Monetary Policy Decision At its meetings in December 2022 and January 2023, Banco de la República’s Board of Directors (BDBR) agreed to continue the process of normalizing monetary policy. In December, the BDBR decided by a majority vote to increase the monetary policy interest rate by 100 basis points (bps) and in its January meeting by 75 bps, bringing it to 12.75% (Graph 1.5). 1/ Seasonally and calendar adjusted. 2/ In the current account aggregate, the pressures for a higher external deficit come from those companies with FDI that are focused on the domestic market. In contrast, profits in the mining and energy sectors are more than offset by the external revenue they generate through exports. Box 1 - Electricity Rates: Recent Developments and Indexation. Author: Édgar Caicedo García, Pablo Montealegre Moreno and Álex Fernando Pérez Libreros Box 2 - Indicators of Household Indebtedness. Author: Camilo Gómez y Juan Sebastián Mariño