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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Migration shock"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Migration shock"

Curran, Sara R., Jacqueline Meijer-Irons, and Filiz Garip. "Economic Shock and Migration." Sociology of Development 2, no. 2 (2016): 119–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2016.2.2.119.

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Classic migration theory predicts that individual and household migration decisions are partially responsive to economic pushes from origin communities and pulls from destinations. Recent theorizing argues that this basic relationship is fundamentally influenced by the experiences accumulated within migrant streams, connecting potential migrants with future migrants between origin and destination. Drawing upon a 16-year study of migrant departures and returns from 22 villages in northeastern Thailand, we extend current knowledge about these fundamental relationships before, during, and after Thailand's economic crisis of 1997. We answer the following questions: How are migrant departures from the origin affected by the crisis, how are migrant returns to origin communities affected by the crisis, and how do migrants’ accumulated experiences connecting origin and destination moderate these relationships? We examine effects separately for men and women since village and destination economies are sufficiently sex differentiated. We find that migrant selectivity partially explains year effects: that is, earlier periods are more highly selective. Migrant cumulative experiences facilitate migration throughout the time period and modestly influence the migration decisions during economic downturns, but these effects are far more important for women than for men. For return migration, year effects emerge only for the post 1997–98 period and only after controlling for migrant social capital and occupational sector. Origin-based migrant social capital slightly, but significantly, reduces the odds of return migration throughout the period of observation. However, migrant social capital does amplify the likelihood of return migration after the Asian Financial Crisis. Construction workers are the most likely to return to their origin villages after the Asian Financial Crisis, while manufacturing, service, and agricultural workers show little change in behavior.

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Bakker, Jan David, Christopher Parsons, and Ferdinand Rauch. "Migration and Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa." World Bank Economic Review 34, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 509–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhy030.

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Abstract Although Africa has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades, little is known about the process of urbanization across the continent. This paper exploits a natural experiment, the abolition of South African pass laws, to explore how exogenous population shocks affect the spatial distribution of economic activity. Under apartheid, black South Africans were severely restricted in their choice of location, and many were forced to live in homelands. Following the abolition of apartheid they were free to migrate. Given a migration cost in distance, a town nearer to the homelands will receive a larger inflow of people than a more distant town following the removal of mobility restrictions. Drawing upon this exogenous variation, this study examines the effect of migration on urbanization in South Africa. While it is found that on average there is no endogenous adjustment of population location to a positive population shock, there is heterogeneity in the results. Cities that start off larger do grow endogenously in the wake of a migration shock, while rural areas that start off small do not respond in the same way. This heterogeneity indicates that population shocks lead to an increase in urban relative to rural populations. Overall, the evidence suggests that exogenous migration shocks can foster urbanization in the medium run.

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Puhani, Patrick A. "Labour Mobility: An Adjustment Mechanism in Euroland? Empirical Evidence for Western Germany, France and Italy." German Economic Review 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00031.

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Abstract We evaluate whether labour mobility is likely to act as a sufficient adjustment mechanism in the face of asymmetric shocks in Euroland. As no adequate data on cross-border migration are available, migration elasticities within nation states (Western Germany, France and Italy) are estimated and interpreted as upper bounds for cross-border migration elasticities between European nation states. Labour mobility is highest in Germany, followed by France and Italy. However, the accommodation of a shock to unemployment by migration takes several years. We conclude that labour mobility is unlikely to act as a sufficient adjustment mechanism to asymmetric shocks in Euroland.

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Ruiz, Isabel, and Carlos Vargas-Silva. "The Labor Market Impacts of Forced Migration." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151110.

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During the 1990s the Kagera region of Tanzania experienced a forced migration shock. A series of geographical barriers led to a higher concentration of forced migrants in some parts of the region relative to others, resulting in a natural experiment. Using panel data (pre and post forced migration shock), we find that greater exposure to the refugee shock resulted in Tanzanians having a lower likelihood of working outside the household as employees. However, employees more affected by the shock had a higher probability of being in professional occupations and being part of a pensions program.

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Filho, Anibal Basile, M. A. Martins, B. Tavares-Murta, F. Q. Cunha, and SMAA Arraes. "FAILURE OF NEUTROPHIL MIGRATION IN SEPTIC SHOCK." Critical Care Medicine 30, Supplement (December 2002): A56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200212001-00195.

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Abylkalykova, R. B., L. I. Kveglis, A. A. Kalitova, and F. M. Noskov. "Abnormally Fast Migration of Substance at Shock Loadings." Advanced Materials Research 871 (December 2013): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.871.231.

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This research work is investigates the processes of structure formation in the samples were 110Г13Л subjected to shock loads. The processes of structure formation, initiated by shock waves are explained from the terms of new theoretical developments. Analysis of the results can be extended to a wide range of materials.

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Kakourova, Anna, Anatolii Klyuchevskii, Vladimir Dem’yanovich, and Anna Klyuchevskaya. "Geoinformational criteria for distinguishing the quasi-linear chains of earthquake migration in epicentral fields of complex geometry and variable density of shocks distribution." Geoinformatika, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47148/1609-364x-2021-2-4-25.

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Within the framework of the basic model of migrating seismicity, the main geoinformation criteria for identifying quasi-linear chains of earthquakes in epicentral fields of complex geometry and variable density of shock distribution have been determined by numerical methods. The developed model is used to study the migrations of earthquake foci and identify zones of hidden seismically active faults: it provides statistical criteria for the presence of quasi-linear chains of seismicity migration and zones of hidden seismic faults in arrays of various volumes of seismological data as an excess at a given level of significance of the average numbers of chains of earthquakes, spatially temporal distribution of shocks. The established dependences of the average number of selected chains of random events on the sample size and site shape make it possible to reveal the presence of seismicity migration and zones of hidden faults under the given criteria of “significance”, “representativeness” and ISMA. The developed methods, implemented programs and patents lay the theoretical and practical basis for GIS technology for identifying hidden faults and studying the migrations of earthquake foci in the lithosphere of the Baikal rift system. Since the main laws governing the formation of the internal structure of continental fault zones and seismicity are determined by the fundamental properties of the progressive deformation of transgressive shearing realized within them and are uniform, the developed GIS technologies can be applied in other seismically active regions.

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Gautam, Narayan Prasad, Nirmal Kumar Raut, Bir Bahadur Khanal Chhetri, Nirjala Raut, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Xiangqing Ma, and Pengfei Wu. "Determinants of Poverty, Self-Reported Shocks, and Coping Strategies: Evidence from Rural Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041790.

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This paper assesses the interrelationship between poverty, climatic and non-climatic shocks, and shock coping strategies adopted by farm-based rural households in Nepal. An analysis is based on a comprehensive data set collected from 300 randomly selected households from three purposively chosen villages of Gandaki province. The study utilizes binary and ordered probit regression models to analyze the determinants of poverty, shocks, and coping strategies. Findings reveal that the Dalit (ethnic group), large-sized, and agricultural households are more likely to be characterized as poor. The study further shows that majority of the households are exposed to the severe shock of climatic types. Patterns of shock exposure vary with the household’s characteristics. In particular, poor households in the hills primarily dependent on forest for livelihood are more likely to experience severe shocks. Further analyses indicate that the households ex-post choose dissaving, borrowing, shifting occupation, and migration to cope with severe climatic shocks. The analyses also reveal that the nature of shocks, socio-economic, demographic, geographic contexts, and factor endowments effect adopting a particular coping strategy. Findings suggest household level-specific support should be provided to mitigate the effects of shock, and appropriate measures are taken to protect their means of living.

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Sinosaki, S., M. M. Yada-Langui, P. Sannomiva, R. Coimbra, Poli L. F. de Figueiredo, and Rocha M. e Silva. "HYPERTONIC SALINE REDUCES NEUTROPHIL MIGRATION AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK." Shock 17, Supplement (June 2002): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200206001-00124.

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Liu, Yujian, Youzhong Yuan, Mark Wilson, and Jie Fan. "Systemic regulation of neutrophil migration after hemorrhagic shock." Journal of Critical Care 22, no. 4 (December 2007): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.10.029.

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Дисертації з теми "Migration shock"

Canessa, Eugenia. "Migration and female labour supply as shock coping strategies after economic crises and natural disasters." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/257451.

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The research project intends to investigate the responses of households to economic uncertainty and natural shocks and the coping strategies developed both in terms of growing migration rates and remittance inflows and of increasing labour supply. In the first Chapter, we employ household survey data from the Indian State of Kerala to evaluate how transfers of remittances sent from overseas respond to heterogeneous sectoral employment shocks experienced by migrants in the host country during the 2008 crisis. In the second chapter, migration and remittances have been investigated as coping strategies adopted by households after a dramatic flood that hit Bangladesh in August-September 2014. The combination of high-resolution satellite data to precisely measure our treatment variable and the difference-in-difference estimations allow us to causally identify the impact of the dramatic flooding on internal and international migration. The same robust estimation technique is then applied to evaluate the effect of the 2014 flood in Bangladesh on female labour force participation rate and on the probability for unemployed women to enter the labour force. In addition, correcting for selection into employment, we estimate how the flood affects the probability for women working in the household farm to engage in independent wage-earning activities, evaluatiing whether the expected rise in female labour force participation - instrumented by the shock intensity they face - would help to increase their bargaining power within the households.

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com, rosalea cameron@gmail, and Rosalea Cameron. "The ecology of Third Culture Kids:The experiences of Australasian adults." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20041014.111617.

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The ecology of human development has been shown to be different for different cultures and sub-cultures within a particular culture, and to play a significant part in shaping the outcome traits or character profile exhibited by individuals who experience a given ecology. This is the case for members of that sub-culture of children who spend childhood years abroad; who expect to eventually repatriate to their passport country. Those who experience the phenomenon have been called Third Culture Kids or TCKs, and the outcome profile for those with a North American background has been identified. However, no literature on children in the Australasian context exists. A progressive naturalistic study, using both qualitative and quantitative methodology, was undertaken providing foundational data on the experience of adult Australasians (Australians and New Zealanders) who had experienced such a childhood ecology. The Australasian self-reported reflections were compared with descriptions of the North American and international experience presented in existing literature. Further, accepted models of human development were merged and adapted to produce a TCK-specific model of human development. This model was a significant product of this research project. Components of particular importance to development that nurtured the outcome profile traits were identified and represented in the model. The study incorporated three phases: phase 1 involved the in-depth interview of 3 respondents who had experienced the TCK ecology on three different continents, phase 2 involved data collection on the demographics of the broader Australasian TCK population asking questions about family choices, education, and career trajectories (N=50), and phase 3 collected in-depth descriptions of the childhood TCK ecology through voluntary response to an extensive written survey and asked for comparison with the imagined alternative ecology had respondents remained in their passport country (N=45). In both phases 1 and 3 respondents were asked to describe character traits they believed they manifested as a direct result of immersion in the TCK ecology and then suggest traits they might otherwise have manifested had the imagined alternative ecology been the nurturing environment. Tabulation of the emerging data allowed comparison and contrast with the North American outcome profile traits that have been described in literature. In both tabulations many outcome profile traits were identified as being in polar contrast with each other; the TCK could manifest either or both of the apparently opposing traits. Manifestation was dependent upon the immediate context within which the TCK was functioning. There was shown to be a significant overlap in the outcome profile for Australasians and North Americans. However, in this study Australasians presented stronger in their self-report of altered relational patterns and traits related to resourcefulness and practical abilities than was described in the North American literature. In comparing outcome profile traits of the real TCK ecology and those that were associated with the imagined alternative ecology respondents reported that they would have been more confident and more socially competent, but less tolerant and less globally aware had they been raised in the passport country. The self-reported outcome traits or profile were linked to the developmental ecology by exploring the processes and tensions that were at work. It was shown that dynamic tensions emerged and increased in valence as the individual gradually developed polarised traits that manifested according to engagement in the multiple contexts the TCK was required to manage. The results of this study have implications for those who deploy families abroad, as well as those who educate, and nurture the social potential of TCKs. This study has served to extend understanding of the phenomenon at the international level and laid a foundation for specific understanding of the Australasian context.

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Willmer, Tarryn. "The role of Hsp90/Hsp70 organising protein (Hop) in the Proliferation, Survival and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015720.

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Hop (the Hsp90/Hsp70 organising protein) is a co-chaperone that acts as an adapter between the major molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 during the cellular assembly of the Hsp90 complex. The Hsp90 complex regulates the stability and conformational maturation of a range of important cellular proteins, many of which are deregulated in cancer. In this study, we hypothesised that Hop knockdown inhibits proliferation and migration of cancer cells. We characterised the expression of Hop in cell models of different cancerous status, and provided evidence that Hop was upregulated in tumour cells compared to normal cell counterparts. Using an RNA interference approach, a 60-90% knockdown of Hop was achieved for up to 144 hours in the MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T breast cancer cell lines. Hop knockdown resulted in downregulation of the Hsp90 client proteins, Akt and Stat3, as well as a change in the expression of other Hsp90 co-chaperones, p23, Cdc37 and Aha1, while no change in the levels of Hsp90 or Hsp70 was observed. Silencing of Hop impaired cell proliferation in Hs578T cells but an increase in proliferation in MDA-MB-231, suggesting that the role of Hop in cancer cell proliferation was dependent on type of cancer cell. Hop knockdown in Hs578T and MDA-MB- 231 cells did not lead to any significant changes in the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of selected small molecule inhibitors (paclitaxel, geldanamycin and novobiocin) in these cell lines after 72 hours. Hop knockdown cells were however, more sensitive than control cells to the Hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin and novobiocin at earlier time points and in the presence of the drug transporter inhibitor, verapamil. Hop knockdown caused a decrease in cell migration as measured by the wound healing assay in both Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cells. Hop was present in purified pseudopodia fractions of migrating cells, and immunofluorescence analysis showed that Hop colocalised with actin at the leading edges of pseudopodia, points of adhesion and at intercellular junctions of cells that have been stimulated to migrate with the chemokine stromal derived factor-1. Hop was able to bind to actin in vitro using actin cosedimentation assays, and silencing of Hop dramatically reduced the capacity of Hs578T cells to form pseudopodia. These results establish a correlation between Hop and actin dynamics, pseudopodia formation and migration in the context of Hop silencing, and collectively suggest that Hop plays a role in cancer cell migration. This study presents experimental evidence for a promising alternative to targeting Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperones, a novel drug target in cancer therapy.

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Cameron, Rosalea. "The ecology of third culture kids: the experiences of Australasian adults." Thesis, Cameron, Rosalea (2003) The ecology of third culture kids: the experiences of Australasian adults. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/498/.

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Cameron, Rosalea. "The ecology of "third culture kids" : the experiences of Australasian adults /." Cameron, Rosalea (2003) The ecology of third culture kids: the experiences of Australasian adults. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/498/.

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Kenyon, Amy. "Expression of heat shock proteins on the plasma membrane of cancer cells : a potential multi-chaperone complex that mediates migration." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013362.

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Current dogma suggests that the Heat Shock Protein (Hsp) molecular chaperones and associated co-chaperones function primarily within the cell, although growing evidence suggests a role for these proteins on the plasma membrane of cancer cells. Hsp90 does not function independently in vivo, but instead functions with a variety of partner chaperones and co-chaperones, that include Hsp70 and Hsp90/Hsp70 organising protein (Hop), which are thought to regulate ATP hydrolysis and the binding of Hsp90 to its client proteins. Hsp90 on the plasma membrane appears to have distinct roles in pathways leading to cell motility, invasion and metastasis. We hypothesised that Hsp90 on the plasma membrane is present as part of a multi-chaperone complex that participates in the chaperone-assisted folding of client membrane proteins in a manner analogous to the intracellular chaperone complex. This study characterised the membrane expression of Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hop in different cell models of different adhesive and migratory capacity, namely MDA-MB-231 (metastatic adherent breast cancer cell line), MCF-7 (non-metastatic adherent breast cancer cell line), U937 and THP1 (monocytic leukemia suspension cell lines). Membrane expression of the Hsps was analysed using a combination of subcellular fractionation, biotin-streptavidin affinity purification and immunofluorescence. This study provided evidence to suggest that Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hop are membrane associated in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hop associated with the plasma membrane such that at least part of the protein is located extracellularly. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hop at the leading edge may localize to membrane ruffles in MDA-MB-231 cells, in accordance with the published role of Hsp90 in migration. An increase in this response was seen in cells stimulated to migrate with SDF-1. By immunoprecipitation, we isolated a putative extracellular membrane associated complex containing Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hop. Using soluble Hsp90 and antibodies against membrane associated Hsp90, we suggested roles for soluble extracellular Hsp90 in mediating migration by wound healing assays and inducing actin reorganisation and vinculin-based focal adhesion formation. The effects of extracellular Hsp90 are mediated by signalling through an ERK1/2 dependent pathway. An anti-Hsp90 antibody against an N-terminal epitope in Hsp90 appeared to be able to overcome the death inducing effects of a combination of SDF-1 and AMD3100, while soluble Hsp90 could not overcome this effect. We propose that this study provides preliminary evidence that extracellular Hsp90 functions as part of a multi-chaperone complex that includes Hsp70 and Hop. The extracellular Hsp90 chaperone complex may mediate cell processes such as migration by modulating the conformation of cell surface receptors, leading to downstream signalling.

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Rojas, Carlos. "The Impact of Migration on Natives’ Unemployment Rates : A study on the municipal level in Sweden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32839.

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The following is a study of the impact of migration on unemployment rates for natives in Sweden, on municipal level. A cross sectional data set has been analyzed using multiple linear regressions. The regression analysis has searched for the impact on the unemployment rates among natives of the size of the share of migrants in the municipalities as well as of the change in the size of the share of migrants during a time span of 13 years. The results show that migration has small or non-existent impact on the unemployment rates of natives. The results vary depending on the period being investigated and also depending on the characteristics of the municipality that is investigated. When dividing the municipalities into three categories (city, urban and rural municipalities) significant impact of migration on native’s unemployment rates is to be found in city and urban municipalities, but not in rural. The results also indicate that the most significant impact is to be found in the present period of time, while in the long term the impact diminishes to become less significant or not significant at all. 10% migrants in a city municipality in 2015 increased natives’ unemployment level that same year by 0.4 percentage units. More rapid increases of the share of migrants in the labor force have more impact as well. A municipality were the share of migrants grew with 1 percentage unit between 2003 and 2015, had 0.1 percentage unit higher unemployment rate for natives in 2015. This study’s results follow the pattern from earlier studies in the field, that since the 1990’s have shown similar effects when measuring different countries on different continents – sometimes the effect has been significant, sometimes not, and when significant the impact has been rather small, often clustering around zero.

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Trouillet, Diane. "Fonction du facteur de choc thermique HSF2 dans les processus de prolifération, de survie et de différenciation au cours du développement du système nerveux central." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811409.

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Les recherches exposées dans ce document portent sur l'étude du rôle de HSF2 au cours du développement du système nerveux central. Les Heat Shock Factors (HSF) sont impliqués dans la réponse au choc thermique et également au cours du développement embryonnaire. Mes travaux ont démontré que HSF2 est requis au cours de la formation du cortex cérébral pour la migration de certains neurones en régulant directement l'expression de p35, sous unité activatrice de CDK5. D'autres cibles ont été identifiées NudE, Dclk, Dab1 nécessaires à la migration des neurones en participant à la dynamique du cytosquelette. De plus, ces travaux montrent que HSF2 module la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules souches neurales (NSC) et des progéniteurs (NP) car i) par électroporation in ovo chez le poulet, la surexpression de HSF2 provoque une augmentation de la prolifération des NP; ii) les NSC Hsf2−/− en culture présentent un retard de prolifération, de survie et de différenciation. Ainsi, HSF2 pourrait assister la décision cellulaire des NSC/NP vers la prolifération ou la différenciation et la migration, tel un aiguilleur de destin cellulaire

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Abboud, Endy, and Mary Beniamin. "Migration and average wages in Sweden : Immigration as a labour supply shock on the Swedish labour market from the year 2011 to 2018 across municipalities." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49256.

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With the recent influx of foreign-born individuals migrating to Sweden, this study aims to answer the question, “do high skilled foreign-born individuals relate positively to average wages in Sweden?”. We specifically observe high skilled foreign-born individuals and their contribution to the average wage across different municipalities in Sweden between the years 2011 and 2018. The method carried out in this study consisted of an empirical analysis where the significance of economic factors was interpreted in order to understand the variation in wages. The data was extracted from Statistics Sweden. The relationship of the share of highly educated foreign-born individuals has proved to be insignificant with respect to average wages in Sweden. Different theories are discussed in this paper in order to identify the key labour market outcomes due to the labour supply shock. Our findings disclose that differences in wages are present, meaning that natives and foreign-born individuals are complements in the short run

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Книги з теми "Migration shock"

Inc, ebrary, ed. Migration and culture. United Kingdom: Emerald, 2010.

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Kokuritsu Shakai Hoshō Jinkō Mondai Kenkyūjo (Japan). Kokusai idōsha no shakaiteki tōgō ni kansuru kenkyū: Saishū hōkokusho. Tōkyō: Kokuritsu Shakai Hoshō Jinkō Mondai Kenkyūjo, 2002.

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D, Smith Carolyn, ed. Strangers at home: Essays on the effects of living overseas and coming "home" to a strange land. Bayside, NY: Aletheia Publications, 1996.

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D, Freilich Joshua, ed. Migration, culture conflict and crime. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, Dartmouth, 2002.

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Faminetto, ed. Kikoku gaido. 6th ed. Tōkyō: Tabata Shoten, 1998.

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Rittersberger-Tılıç, Helga. Vom Gastarbeiter zum Deutschler: Die Rückkehrergemeinschaft in einer türkischen Kleinstadt. Potsdam: Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, 1998.

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Josei no kikoku tekiō mondai no kenkyū: Ibunka juyō to kikoku tekiō mondai no jisshōteki kenkyū. Tōkyō: Taga Shuppan, 2000.

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Hansen, Roland. Türkische Deutsche, deutsche Türken oder "ein bisschen von da und ein bisschen von da": Re-Migration und Identitäskonflikte türkischer Jugendlicher aus Izmir. Saarbrücken: Breitenbach, 1989.

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Hassanen, Sadia. Repatriation, integration, or resettlement: The dilemmas of migration among Eritrean refugees in eastern Sudan. Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 2007.

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Translated people, translated texts: Language and migration in contemporary African literature. Kinderhook, NY: St. Jerome Pub., 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Migration shock"

Lejong, Marie, Nathalie Vanmuylder, and Stéphane Louryan. "Hsp90 in the Migration of Primordial Germ Cells: A Model to Study Long-Distance Cell Migration and Perhaps Cancer?" In Heat Shock Proteins, 85–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23158-3_4.

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Rosińska, Anna, and Elizabeth Pellerito. "Pandemic Shock Absorbers: Domestic Workers’ Activism at the Intersection of Immigrants’ and Workers’ Rights." In Migration and Pandemics, 123–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_7.

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AbstractDuring the current global pandemic, when the family or household has been considered the most basic unit of quarantine, the role of the domestic worker – someone who by definition crosses the threshold and enters the space of the home – became problematised quickly. These workers’ ‘outsider’ status – transgressing the boundaries not just of the physical household space, but often also of race, immigration status, and class – has meant that some household workers were more readily regarded as disease vectors who were too risky to allow into the home and let go with little or no warning. In the United States, many of the federal and state relief bills responding to the pandemic continue to exclude the sector or undocumented immigrant workers or both from accessing relief measures. Drawing on an online ethnography of organisations and policy reviews, we analyse the multilevel response of domestic workers’ organisations to address the crisis at both the federal and local levels, with focus on the state of Massachusetts. This chapter tackles the variety of ways in which worker centres in the United States have been at the frontline of the response to domestic workers’ needs, addressing a gap in mainstream and otherwise insufficient relief measures provided by the government. Because of these gaps and the sheer level of need faced by these workers and their families, these centres did what they were prepared to do: continue the service provision, education, organising, and advocacy efforts while expanding their efforts in each of these areas of work.

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Martin, Christian, Thierry Roger, and Thierry Calandra. "Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF): A Pro-Inflammatory Mediator of Sepsis." In Evolving Concepts in Sepsis and Septic Shock, 45–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1581-4_4.

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Vitale-Brovarone, Chiara, Francesco Baino, Germana Martinasso, Rosangela Canuto, Francesco Bassi, and Enrica Verné. "Glass-Ceramic Scaffolds and Shock Waves Effect on Cells Migration." In Bioceramics 20, 233–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-457-x.233.

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Gutiérrez-Sánchez-Salamanca, Esteban. "Analysing Climate Migration Dynamics in the Caribbean Through the Iota Hurricane: Shock Doctrine, Capitalism of Disasters and Development." In Global Climate Change and Environmental Refugees, 137–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24833-7_9.

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Bandeira, Guilherme, Jordi Caballé, and Eugenia Vella. "Productivity Shocks, VAT Hikes and Emigration." In Understanding Migration with Macroeconomics, 187–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40981-4_7.

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Rutenberg, Isaac, Arthur Gwagwa, and Melissa Omino. "Use and Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Climate Change Adaptation in Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1107–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_80.

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AbstractAlthough Climate Change is a global phenomenon, the impact in Africa is anticipated to be greater than in many other parts of the world. This expectation is supported by many factors, including the relatively low shock tolerance of many African countries and the relatively high percentage of African workers engaged in the agricultural sector. High-income countries are increasingly turning their focus to climate change adaptation, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a critical tool in those efforts. Algorithms using AI are making better predictions on the short- and long-term effects of climate change, including predictions related to weather patterns, floods and droughts, and human migration patterns. It is not clear, however, that Africa is (or will be) maximally benefitting from those AI tools, particularly since they are largely developed by highly developed countries using data sets that are specific to those same countries. It is therefore important to characterize the efforts underway to use AI in a way that specifically benefits Africa in climate change adaptation. These efforts include projects undertaken physically in Africa as well as those that have Africa as their focus. In exploring AI projects in or about Africa, this chapter also looks at the sufficiency of such efforts and the variety of approaches taken by researchers working with AI to address climate change in Africa.

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Carvajal, Liliana, and Isabel Pereira. "Evidence on the Link between Migration, Climate Shocks, and Adaptive Capacity." In Risk, Shocks, and Human Development, 257–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230274129_11.

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Pomfret, Richard. "From Landlocked to Land-Linked? Central Asia’s Place in the Eurasian Economy." In Between Peace and Conflict in the East and the West, 195–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77489-9_10.

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AbstractThe Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), while primarily a security organisation, has always included economic and human baskets or dimensions. Currently, the Office of the Co-ordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities operates in four main areas: (1) good governance and anti-corruption, (2) money laundering and financing of terrorism, (3) transport, trade and border-crossing facilitation, and (4) labour migration. This chapter addresses developments in Central Asia since the dissolution of the Soviet Union that are relevant to the third area of OSCE operations. The chapter’s focus is on the potential for the landlocked Central Asian countries to become land-linked, using improved transport connections between East Asia and Europe to promote economic development through export diversification and growth. Rail services across Central Asia improved considerably during the 2010s. They have been resilient, despite strained political relations between Russia and the EU since 2014, and rail traffic between Europe and China continued to increase in 2020 despite the shock of COVID-19. Further infrastructure improvements are promised under China’s Belt and Road Initiative. However, the expanded network has been little used by Central Asian producers to create new international trade, and the improved infrastructure represents a potential opportunity rather than a past benefit. If the Central Asian economies are successful in taking advantage of the opportunity, it will stimulate their trade across the Eurasian region and help economic diversification. The main determinant of success will be national policies and national economic development. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of multilateral institutions and, in particular, the prospects for OSCE collaboration with existing fora to promote cooperation and economic development in Central Asia.

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Tapsoba, Tebkieta Alexandra, and Dabiré Bonayi Hubert. "International Remittances and Development in West Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso." In IMISCOE Research Series, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97322-3_9.

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AbstractRemittances are one of the precious spin-offs of international migration in developing countries. They have been fast growing for the last decade, but like any other income, they fluctuate with economic conditions which are affected by several shocks, such as the ongoing covid 19 pandemic. Nevertheless, these transfers sometimes exceed Official Development Aid (ODA) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in some parts of the World such as Sub-Saharan Africa, demonstrating their importance for promoting socio-economic development. This chapter focuses on Burkina Faso, a West African country where more than 80% of the population practice subsistence agriculture, and bear heavily the consequences of poor climatic conditions, exacerbated by the ongoing climate change. The country also has a great history of migration mainly written by its colonial past. Using data from several sources such as the World Bank indicators and national surveys, this chapter aims firstly to understand the trends of remittances flows in the country for the last decade. Secondly, using a national survey on migration conducted in the country, we found that receiving international remittances increases the probability of setting up a non-agricultural business. This result suggests that remittances can help households to set up businesses and be less dependent on climatic conditions.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Migration shock"

Brown, Alexander, and Donald L. Kunz. "Shock Migration on an Oscillating Straked Delta Wing Using an Unsteady Euler Solver." In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1192.

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Choi, Young-Tai, and Norman M. Wereley. "Migration of biodynamic response to vibratory and blast-induced shock loads using magnetorheological seat suspensions." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Amr M. Baz. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.483490.

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Saxer, André P., and Hélène M. Felicl. "Numerical Analysis of 3-D Unsteady Hot Streak Migration and Shock Interaction in a Turbine Stage." In ASME 1994 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/94-gt-076.

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A 3-D unsteady flow computation has been performed for a transonic first turbine stage under the influence of streaks of hot gas exiting the combustion chamber. Realistic flow conditions are obtained by using a non-equal stator-to-rotor pitch, a single-streak/multi-stator channels configuration and periodic boundary conditions. The resulting unsteady shock waves system and the hot streaks migration as well as the shock wave/streak interaction are presented and discussed. In addition, the time-average of the periodic unsteady solution is analyzed and compared with a steady-state computation. The steady-state solution matches the time-averaged one in terms of the pressure field and the maximum stagnation temperature on the rotor blade surface. However, the rotor blade temperature patterns are different with a stronger radial secondary flow present in the time-averaged solution due to the retention of the circumferential streak variations at the stator/rotor interface.

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Hah, C., S. L. Puterbaugh, and A. R. Wadia. "Control of Shock Structure and Secondary Flow Field Inside Transonic Compressor Rotors Through Aerodynamic Sweep." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-561.

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The present paper reports a numerical study on the effects of aerodynamic sweep applied to a low-aspect-ratio, high-through-flow, state-of-the-art, axial transonic compressor design. Numerical analyses based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations were used to obtain the performance of a conventional unswept rotor, a forward swept rotor, and an aft-swept rotor, at both design and off-design operating conditions. The numerical analyses predicted that the forward-swept rotor has a higher peak efficiency and a substantially larger stall margin than the baseline unswept rotor, and that the aft-swept rotor has a similar peak efficiency as the unswept rotor with a significantly smaller stall margin. The rig test confirmed the numerical assessment of the effects of aerodynamic sweep on the low-aspect-ratio, high-through-flow, transonic compressor rotor. Detailed analyses of the measured and calculated flow fields indicate that two mechanisms are primarily responsible for the differences in aerodynamic performance among these rotors. The first mechanism is a change in the radial shape of the passage shock near the casing by the endwall effect, and the second is the radial migration of low-momentum fluid to the blade tip region. Aerodynamic sweep can be used to control the shock structure near the endwall and the migration of secondary flows and, consequently, flow structures near the tip area for improved performance.

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Pino, Maria F., Ge Zhang, Charles J. Rosser, Steve Goodison, and Virginia Urquidi. "Abstract 3798: Heat shock cognate protein HSPA8 (Hsc70) regulates migration and xenograft growth of breast tumor cell lines." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3798.

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Billiard, N., V. Jerez Fidalgo, R. De´nos, and G. Paniagua. "Analysis of Stator-Stator Clocking in a Transonic Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27323.

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Clocking, i.e. the relative pitch-wise positioning between two successive vanes with the same amount of airfoils, has been demonstrated to bring potential aero-thermal benefits in several recent studies. Indeed, across a vane pitch, a variation of both time-averaged and time-resolved quantities is induced. In order to advance the knowledge on clocking, this 2D numerical investigation proposes a complete description of the unsteady flow field at midspan in a one and half stage turbine at four clocking positions. Mechanisms of migration across the rotor of the first vane wake and its interaction with the second vane has been put into evidence. Additionally, the behavior of the shock system between the rotor and the second stator is assessed indicating effects due to the clocking, like the similar the shape of the shock system when rotor/2nd stator are in the same relative positions.

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Lall, Pradeep, Sandeep Shantaram, Mandar Kulkarni, Geeta Limaye, and Jeff Suhling. "Constitutive Behavior of SAC Leadfree Alloys at High Strain Rates." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52194.

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Electronic products are subjected to high G-levels during mechanical shock and vibration. Failure-modes include solder-joint failures, pad cratering, chip-cracking, copper trace fracture, and underfill fillet failures. The second-level interconnects may be experience high-strain rates and accrue damage during repetitive exposure to mechanical shock. Industry migration to leadfree solders has resulted in proliferation of a wide variety of solder alloy compositions. Few of the popular tin-silver-copper alloys include Sn1Ag0.5Cu and Sn3Ag0.5Cu. The high strain rate properties of leadfree solder alloys are scarce. Typical material tests systems are not well suited for measurement of high strain rates typical of mechanical shock. Previously, high strain rates techniques such as the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) can be used for strain rates of 1000 per sec. However, measurement of materials at strain rates of 1–100 per sec which are typical of mechanical shock is difficult to address. In this paper, a new test-technique developed by the authors has been presented for measurement of material constitutive behavior. The instrument enables attaining strain rates in the neighborhood of 1 to 100 per sec. High speed cameras operating at 300,000 fps have been used in conjunction with digital image correlation for the measurement of full-field strain during the test. Constancy of cross-head velocity has been demonstrated during the test from the unloaded state to the specimen failure. Solder alloy constitutive behavior has been measured for SAC105, and SAC305 solders. Constitutive model has been fit to the material data. Samples have been tested at various time under thermal aging at 25°C and 125°C. The constitutive model has been embedded into an explicit finite element framework for the purpose of life-prediction of leadfree interconnects. Test assemblies has been fabricated and tested under JEDEC JESD22-B111 specified condition for mechanical shock. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data.

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Patel, H. R., and G. G. Chase. "Migration of Clay in Flows of Oil-Water Mixtures Through Sand Filters." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17162.

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Abstract One of the most crucial problems that the petroleum industry has been facing for quite some time, is the damage done to the sandstone formations by the produced water that is pumped into the ground during secondary oil recovery. The drastic reduction in permeability of these sandstone beds due to the water-shock, is a great concern in petroleum industry. The changes in produced water composition has made secondary oil recovery difficult. The decreasing permeability of the bed, increases the pumping and equipment cost to a great extent. The control of clay release is essential to the economic and effective operations in many oil fields. The main topic of this research is the effect of electrolytic composition in produced water on the clay particles pumped into sandstone formations or through sand-filters. Earlier studies [1–5] have revealed that high pH and low salt concentrations of water lead to release of clay from sand-grains. Also, there might be some clay particles injected into the ground with the produced water. These injected clays get captured by the sandstone bed. Both the release and capture of clays changes the porosity of bed and the surface area of sandstone particles and thus, reduces the permeability of the bed drastically. This paper just presents the experimental work done to predict the release of indigenous clay in the sand filter in aqueous phase flow. Future work will concentrate more on actual filtration experiments to release of indigenous clays and capture of injected clays in aqueous phase flow and the release-capture phenomena in two phase flows as well. In produced water operations, oil companies need to remove particles from the injection water to avoid formation damage. Consolidated Sand Cartridge filters are an inexpensive alternative compared to tradition means of filtering the particles. This work demonstrates the capability and advantages of these filters. The filter has properties similar to that of sandstone and so, results of clay migration study for the filter may be similar to sandstone bed as well. The Consolidated Sand filter is superior compared to conventional cylindrical sand filters in that its outer surface is expanded out into a six-lobe geometry with a larger surface area for filtration. Hence higher flow rates are achieved through the filter at a given pressure drop and the life of filter increases. Also, it has a glue bound sand structure which reduces the release of clay compared to the conventional sand filters. However, the disadvantage of the filter is that it is bulky and heavy and it adds to the disposal cost for the user. This work serves the dual purpose of characterizing the consolidated sand cartridge filter and also, studying the phenomena of clay release and capture in the sand filter to determine the optimum combination of pH and salt-concentration for minimal permeability loss. The phenomenon of clay release and capture is explained on basis of zeta potential of the particles, which characterize the surface charge of the particles.

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Ganji, Purnachandra, Tua-Elisabeth Long, Phani Madhuri Mummareddi, Wungki Park, Field F. Willingham, Jerome C. Landry, Patrick Sullivan, LaTonia Taliaferro-Smith, Roberto Diaz та Bassel El-Rayes. "Abstract 2707: Heat shock protein 90 functional inhibition regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, invasion and migration via NF-kB and HIF-1α signaling in colorectal cancer." У Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-2707.

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Yang, Can, Ruifeng Chen, Jianzhong Xie, Zuguang Ding, Yang Shu, and Xiao-Hong Yin. "Study on Heat Resistance of PLA Based Biodegradable Injection Molded Components." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-88662.

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Abstract With the increasingly serious problem of white pollution, biodegradable substitutes that can replace the existing plastic materials are in urgent need. In the present work, thermal shock experiments were carried out to investigate the heat resistance of injection molded F6510 products under specific humidity/temperature conditions. Specifically, two groups of experiments were designed at a constant humidity of 90%. For single-point temperature (SPT) experiments, the testing temperature was varied from 30°C to 75 °C with an interval of 5/10 °C, and for the thermal cycle (TC) experiments, samples underwent 60 °C -(-20 °C)-60 °C thermal cycles. The SPT experiments showed that samples began to deform at 45 °C, with 0.05mm increase in length, and 0.02mm decrease in both width and height, and the shape variation increases with enhanced temperature. Meanwhile, TC experiment samples showed obvious shrinkage during the nine-day testing period, with a maximal size variation of 0.44mm for the length. In addition, DSC results showed a higher crystallinity degree for the inner layer of samples. This is due to the slower cooling rate of the inner layer, facilitating polymer molecular chain migration and thus the crystal nucleus growing, which was supported by Moldex3D simulation analyses. Double melting peaks appeared in the heating stage of DSC test, indicating the formation of both α and α’ crystal forms, which has been verified by both thermal shock experiments and DSC tests. The findings of this work indicate that the crystallinity, crystal form, and thus the products’ heat resistance of F6510 can be improved by reasonably controlling injection molding parameters such as the mold temperature and cooling time.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Migration shock"

Hamann, Franz, Cesar Anzola, Oscar Avila-Montealegre, Juan Carlos Castro-Fernandez, Anderson Grajales-Olarte, Alexander Guarín, Juan C. Mendez-Vizcaino, Juan J. Ospina-Tejeiro, and Mario A. Ramos-Veloza. Monetary Policy Response to a Migration Shock: An Analysis for a Small Open Economy. Banco de la República de Colombia, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1153.

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We develop a small open economy model with nominal rigidities and fragmented labor markets to study the response of the monetary policy to a migration shock. Migrants are characterized by their productivity levels, their restrictions to accumulate capital, as well as by the flexibility of their labor income. Our results show that the monetary policy response depends on the characteristics of migrants and the local labor market. An inflow of low(high)-productivity workers reduces(increases) marginal costs, lowers(raises) inflation expectations and pushes the Central Bank to reduce(increase) the interest rate. The model is calibrated to the Colombian economy and used to analyze a migratory inflow of financially constraint workers from Venezuela into a sector with flexible and low wages.

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Otero-Cortés, Andrea, Ana María Tribín-Uribe, and Tatiana Mojica-Urueña. The Heterogeneous Labor Market Effects of the Venezuelan Exodus on Female Workers: Evidence from Colombia. Banco de la República, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.311.

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We study the labor market effects of the Venezuelan migration shock on female labor market outcomes in Colombia using a Bartik-instrument approach.For our identification strategy we leverage regional variation from pull factors and time variation from push factors. Our findings show that in the labor market, female immigrants can act as substitutes or complements for native-born women depending on native women’s education level; immigrant workers are substitutes in the labor market for native-born low-educated women as they compete for similar jobs. Hence, the low-educated native women’s labor force participation decreases. At the same time, time spent doing unpaid care increases for low-educated native women, possibly further preventing the job search for this group. On the other hand, we find an increase in labor force participation of 1.6 p.p. for highly educated women with minors at home and a 1 p.p. higher likelihood of becoming entrepreneurs due to the migratory shock, which supports the complementary-skill hypothesis. Finally, we don’t find evidence that the migratory shock induced households to outsource more home-production as a means for high-educated women to spend more time at paid work.

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Ibáñez, Ana María, Juliana Quigua, Jimena Romero, and Andrea Velásquez. Responses to Temperature Shocks: Labor Markets and Migration Decisions in El Salvador. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004237.

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By 2017, one-quarter of people born in El Salvador were estimated to be living in the U.S. We show that extreme temperatures have negatively aected agricultural production and increased international migration from El Salvador. We nd that labor markets act as a transmission mechanism of the negative eects of weather shocks on agricultural workers, who react by migrating internationally or reallocating within local labor markets. However, these responses dier by landownership status and access to risk-coping mechanisms. Our results suggest that, despite the current anti-immigrant political climate, there should be a global responsibility relative to the consequences of climate change.

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Cerda, Maikol, David Cervantes, Paul Gertler, Sean Higgins, Ana María Montoya, Eric Parrado, Carlos Serrano, Raimundo Undurraga, and Patricia Yáñez-Pagans. Covid-19 Pandemic and SMEs' Performance in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004720.

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The COVID-19 pandemic generated a large negative external shock to the global economy. Businesses worldwide were affected by economic, health, and mobility restrictions that impacted consumers ability to access goods and services and firms profitability and survival rates. In this paper, we study the economic performance of Latin American MSMEs during the pandemic using disaggregated and high-frequency administrative banking deposits and income data from Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru. We observe a sharp short-term decline in firm earnings due to the implementation of lockdowns during the second half of March 2020. We show this decline had a heterogeneous impact by economic sector, firm size, and transaction type (in-person vs. online). Focusing on financial technology adoption by studying the migration from in-person to online banking transactions, we find that MSMEs managed to recover revenues to pre-pandemic levels in early 2021 thanks to an increased share of online transactions and that industries facing higher physical exposure to the public (e.g., retailers) experienced a more considerable decline and a slower recovery.

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Busso, Matías, and Juan Pablo Chauvin. Long-term Effects of Weather-induced Migration on Urban Labor and Housing Markets. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004714.

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This paper explores the effects of weather-induced rural-urban migration on urban labor and housing markets in Brazil. In order to identify causal effects, it uses weather shocks to the rural municipalities of origin of migrants. We show that larger migration shocks led to an increase in employment growth and a reduction in wage growth of 4 and 5 percent, respectively. The increased migration flows also affected the housing market in destination cities. On average, it led to 1 percent faster growth of the housing stock, accompanied by 5 percent faster growth in housing rents. These effects vary sharply by housing quality. We find a substantial positive effect on the growth rates of the most precarious housing units (with no effect on rents) and a negative effect on the growth of higher-quality housing units (with a positive effect on rents). This suggests that rural immigration growth slowed down housing-quality upgrading in destination cities.

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Huq, Aurin. Impact of Covid-19 on Migration in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clear.2022.001.

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This research briefing summarises priority areas for future research and key stakeholders with whom to engage, as identified in the scoping paper "Impact of Covid-19 on Migration in Bangladesh" by Rakib Hossain, Afsana Binte Khaleque and Sakib Mahmood from the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD). The scoping paper and this briefing were commissioned for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme in Bangladesh (CLEAR). CLEAR aims to build a consortium of research partners to deliver policy-relevant research and evidence for Bangladesh to support the Covid-19 response and inform preparation for future shocks.

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Yang, Dean. International Migration, Remittances, and Household Investment: Evidence from Philippine Migrants' Exchange Rate Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12325.

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Faber, Marius, Andrés Sarto, and Marco Tabellini. Local Shocks and Internal Migration: The Disparate Effects of Robots and Chinese Imports in the US. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30048.

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Pacific Economic Monitor December 2022: The Future of Social Protection in the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr220568-2.

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This issue explores how Pacific developing member countries can strengthen their post-pandemic social protection systems to help address long-standing development concerns and boost resilience to further shocks. It assesses individual countries’ economies and outlines ways they could improve their social protection systems, despite depleted resources. Exploring megatrends facing the subregion, including population ageing and migration, it shows how investing in universal social protection policies can have a long-term impact on reducing poverty, vulnerability, and social exclusion.

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