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Статті в журналах з теми "Migration and Food packaging"
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YENIDOĞAN, SEMIHA, CEM AYDEMIR, and CANAN EKINCI DOĞAN. "PACKAGING–FOOD INTERACTION AND CHEMICAL MIGRATION." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 57, no. 9-10 (December 15, 2023): 1029–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2023.57.91.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Food packaging is intended to protect food and extend its shelf life, but it may affect food quality and safety because of chemical migration. Food quality and safety regarding packaging is a significant global concern. Legislations have an essential role in providing regulatory guidance on quality assurance systems and verifying their implementation as a means of regulatory compliance. The large number of various materials used in the manufacture of packages complicates the evaluation of food–packaging interactions. This review is an overview of literature data on the effects of printed food packaging on the migration of chemicals into foods, as well as on various migration sources of chemical compounds. Various aspects, such as the interaction between packaging and food starting with the production process of food packaging to food–packaging contact during storage, the effects of primary and secondary packaging on chemical migration, permeability of packaging materials, inkinduced migration in printed packaging, and types of transition from packaging to food, were examined in detail. Besides, studies on subjects such as the food contact materials analysis used to test the phenomenon of migration in foods and migration limits have been discussed. Moreover, studies on the use of recycled paper in packaging and its effect on migration, ink chemicals resulting from recycling and studies on this subject are included. Information is given on measures to reduce the effect of migration, low migration of printing inks, coatings and adhesives, and materials used in barrier applications. In line with this research study, suggestions were made for measures to reduce the harmful effects of chemical migration on human health and to prevent the risk of migration from packaging to food."
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Tice, P. A. "Migration from Packaging into Food." British Food Journal 94, no. 9 (September 1992): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070709210022091.
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Muzeza, Celia, Veronica Ngole-Jeme, and Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati. "The Mechanisms of Plastic Food-Packaging Monomers’ Migration into Food Matrix and the Implications on Human Health." Foods 12, no. 18 (September 7, 2023): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12183364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of packaging technology has become a crucial part of the food industry in today’s modern societies, which are characterized by technological advancements, industrialization, densely populated cities, and scientific advancements that have increased food production over the past 50 years despite the lack of agricultural land. Various types of food-packaging materials are utilized, with plastic being the most versatile. However, there are certain concerns with regards to the usage of plastic packaging because of unreacted monomers’ potential migration from the polymer packaging to the food. The magnitude of monomer migration depends on numerous aspects, including the monomer chemistry, type of plastic packaging, physical–chemical parameters such as the temperature and pH, and food chemistry. The major concern for the presence of packaging monomers in food is that some monomers are endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) with a capability to interfere with the functioning of vital hormonal systems in the human body. For this reason, different countries have resolved to enforce guidelines and regulations for packaging monomers in food. Additionally, many countries have introduced migration testing procedures and safe limits for packaging monomer migration into food. However, to date, several research studies have reported levels of monomer migration above the set migration limits due to leaching from the food-packaging materials into the food. This raises concerns regarding possible health effects on consumers. This paper provides a critical review on plastic food-contact materials' monomer migration, including that from biodegradable plastic packaging, the monomer migration mechanisms, the monomer migration chemistry, the key factors that affect the migration process, and the associated potential EDC human health risks linked to monomers' presence in food. The aim is to contribute to the existing knowledge and understanding of plastic food-packaging monomer migration.
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Yang, Yu, Guang Xue Chen, and Yan Yan Cui. "Study on Formaldehyde Migration Rules in Products of Tripolycyanamide for Food Packaging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.450.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work we studied the migration amount of formaldehyde in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging. In order to review the rule of products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging, with different stimulant solutions, simulated temperatures and soaking time, the migration quantities of formaldehyde in products of tripolycyanamide for food packaging into deionized water, 3% acetic acid and 15% ethanol were measured by phenylhydrazine hydrochloride spectrophotometry. The amounts of formaldehyde migrated to 3 % acetic acid was higher than those of 15 % ethanol. Espousing in higher temperature , amount of formaldehyde of the products of tripolycyanamide were migrated more. And the total migrations of formaldehyde in three exposures was beyond the EU specific migration limits for formaldehyde (15 mg/L ).With the higher temperature exposure was done , the amount of formaldehyde migration reaches maximum in lower number of repeated exposures. We also discussed the formaldehyde migration rule for different surface roughness of food packaging materials.
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Primožič, Mateja, Željko Knez, and Maja Leitgeb. "(Bio)Nanotechnology in Food Science—Food Packaging." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Bionanotechnology, as a tool for incorporation of biological molecules into nanoartifacts, is gaining more and more importance in the field of food packaging. It offers an advanced expectation of food packaging that can ensure longer shelf life of products and safer packaging with improved food quality and traceability. Scope and approach: This review recent focuses on advances in food nanopackaging, including bio-based, improved, active, and smart packaging. Special emphasis is placed on bio-based packaging, including biodegradable packaging and biocompatible packaging, which presents an alternative to most commonly used non-degradable polymer materials. Safety and environmental concerns of (bio)nanotechnology implementation in food packaging were also discussed including new EU directives. Conclusions: The use of nanoparticles and nanocomposites in food packaging increases the mechanical strength and properties of the water and oxygen barrier of packaging and may provide other benefits such as antimicrobial activity and light-blocking properties. Concerns about the migration of nanoparticles from packaging to food have been expressed, but migration tests and risk assessment are unclear. Presumed toxicity, lack of additional data from clinical trials and risk assessment studies limit the use of nanomaterials in the food packaging sector. Therefore, an assessment of benefits and risks must be defined.
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Votavová, L., J. Dobiáš, M. Voldřich, and H. Čížková. "Migration of nonylphenols from polymer packaging materials into food simulants." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 4 (September 9, 2009): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/152/2008-cjfs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<I>p</I>-Nonylphenol (NP) is widely used in many industrial applications (detergents, latex paints, pesticides, and plastics), and its presence in the environment has acquired an increasing concern since it was shown to be, besides its persistence and toxicity, an estrogenic compound. Seven samples of stretch PVC films and two PVC dishes for food packaging obtained from food producers were analysed for the presence of NP. Four of the PVC films contained NP at the concentrations of 0.44 mg/g, 1.03 mg/g, 1.28 mg/g, and 1.72 mg/g, respectively, while NP was not detected (the detection level being 5 μg/g) in the remaining films and two dishes. The NP positive films were used for the studies of NP migration into the food simulants. The levels of NP migration into the food simulants: distilled water, 3% acetic acid solution, and 95% ethanol were 0.017– 0.091 mg/g (3.2–5.3%), 0.013–0.079 mg/g (2.9–4.6%), and 0.125–0.449 mg/g (21.5–35.0%), respectively. The potential safety risks estimated from the results obtained as well as the possible sources of the NP contamination in the analysed stretch PVC food films are discussed in the following article.
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Schmid, Petra, and Frank Welle. "Chemical Migration from Beverage Packaging Materials—A Review." Beverages 6, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages6020037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The packaging of a beverage is an essential element for customer convenience and the preservation of beverage quality. On the other hand, chemical compounds present in the packaging materials, either intentionally added or non-intentionally, may be transferred to the food. With a huge variety of materials used in the production, beverage packaging requires safety assessments with respect to the migration of packaging compounds into the filled beverages. The present article deals with potential migrants from different materials for beverage packaging, including PET bottles, glass bottles, metal cans and cardboard multilayers. The list of migrants comprises monomers and additives, oligomers or degradation products. The article presents a review on scientific literature and summarizes European food regulatory requirements. The review shows no evidence of critical substances migrating from packaging into beverages. Testing the migration in real beverages during and at the end of the shelf life shows compliance with the specific migration limits. Accelerated testing using food simulants, however, shows higher migration in some cases, especially at high temperatures in ethanolic simulants. For some migrants, more realistic testing conditions should be applied in order to show compliance with their specific migration limits.
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Echegoyen, Yolanda, Silvia Rodríguez, and Cristina Nerín. "Nanoclay migration from food packaging materials." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 33, no. 3 (February 6, 2016): 530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2015.1136844.
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Begley, Timothy H. "PFAAs in food and migration from food packaging." Reproductive Toxicology 33, no. 4 (July 2012): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.11.016.
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Gortseva, L. V., T. P. Kostiuchenko, T. V. Shutova, O. S. Martynova, V. V. Zaval'na, and A. V. Demianov. "Food packaging: usage features and processing." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 52, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2020-52-1-54-58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the peculiarities of polymer packaging for food products, as well as the possible risks that arise in the process of use and its processing. The Aim of the Article. Determine the toxic substances of the packaging component composition and carry out comprehensive analytical control on the content of priority pollutants to prevent adverse effects on food products, the environment, the human body, and outline the possible risks of polymeric food packaging recycling. Methods and Materials. To identify and define the levels of chemical substances and toxic elements migration from different polymeric material types and products from them. The methods of gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, mass-spectrometry were applied using modern validated methods. Results and Discussion. According to the results of the researches, it is established that a large group of chemicals gets from the polymeric packaging to the contacting media, and in some cases their number exceeds the hygienic standard – ANM (acceptable number of migration). The increase in the number of chemicals migrating from the packaging material, as well as the levels of content of new excipients (dyes, decomposition products, impurities) that are formed after recycling of polymeric materials, is evidenced by the results of many research works. Conclusions. Careful monitoring of the migration levels of toxic components from different types of packaging materials and products into contact media should be carried out to assess the risks and their negative effects on food and human health. At the legislative level, control over the processing of plastic packaging for food should also be realized, taking into account the possibility of the formation of new chemicals and toxic elements. Key Words: packaging, safety, food products, risks.
Дисертації з теми "Migration and Food packaging"
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Alin, Jonas. "Migration from plastic food packaging during microwave heating." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Polymerteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Microwave heating of food has increased rapidly as a food processing technique. This increases the concern that chemicals could migrate from food packaging to food. The specific effect of microwave heating in contrast to conventional heating on overall and specific migration from common plastic food storage boxes was studied in this work. The purpose was especially to determine the interaction effects of different plastics in contact with different types of foods during microwave heating. The study focused on polycarbonate (PC), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene homo-polymer (PP), co-polymer (PP-C) and random co-polymer (PP-R) packages. The migration determinations were evaluated at controlled times and temperatures, using a MAE device. The migrants were analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC. ESI-MS was evaluated as a new tool for migration determinations. Food/food simulant absorption and changes in degree of crystallinity during heating were also followed. Significant degradation of antioxidants Irgafos 168 and Irganox 1010 in PP packages occurred during microwave heating of the packages in food simulants containing ethanol, resulting in the formation of antioxidant degradation products. Degradation of PC by Fries chain rearrangement reaction leading to formation of 9,9-dimethylxanthene, and transesterification of PET leading to formation of diethyl terephthalate, were also observed after microwave heating the packages in ethanol and 90/10 isooctane/ethanol. These reactions were not observed during conventional heating of the packages at the same temperature, or after microwave heating of the packages in liquid food (coconut milk). The microwave heating also significantly increased the migration of cyclic oligomers from PET into ethanol and isooctane at 80 °C. Migration of compounds into coconut milk was slightly lower than calculated amounts using the EU mathematical model to predict migration of additives into foodstuffs. The results thus show that the use of ethanol as a fat food simulant during microwave heating can lead to a significant overestimation of migration as well as degradation of polymer or the incorporated additives. Some other detected migrants were dimethylbenzaldehyde, 4-ethoxy-ethyl benzoate, benzophenone, m-tert-butyl phenol and 1-methylnaphthalene. All identified migrants with associated specific migration limit (SML) values migrated in significantly lower amounts than the SML values during 1 h of microwave heating at 80 °C. The antioxidant diffusion coefficients in PP and PP co-polymers showed larger relative differences than the corresponding degrees of crystallinity in the same polymers and PP-R showed by far the fastest migration of antioxidants.Mikrovågsuppvärmning av mat har ökat markant under de senaste åren. Detta ökar risken för att ämnen i plast migrerar från matförpackningar till mat. Den specifika effekten av mikrovågsvärmning i kontrast till konventionell värmning på total och specifik migrering från vanliga matförvaringslådor av plast studerades i denna avhandling. Syftet var i huvudsak att bestämma interaktionseffekter mellan olika typer av plaster och olika typer av mat under mikrovågsvärmning. Studien fokuserades på förpackningar av polykarbonat (PC), polyetentereftalat (PET), polypropylen homopolymer (PP), copolymer (PP-C) och random copolymer (PP-R). Migreringstesterna utfördes under kontrollerade tider och temperaturer genom att använda MAE. Migranterna analyserades med hjälp av GC-MS och HPLC. ESI-MS-analys utvärderades också som ny analysmetod för migreringstester. Absorption av mat- och matsimulanter samt förändringar i kristallinitetsgrad följdes också. Signifikant nedbrytning av antioxidanterna Irgafos 168 och Irganox 1010 i PP-förpackningar inträffade under mikrovågsvärmning av förpackningarna i etanol-innehållande matsimulanter, vilket resulterade i bildning av nedbrytningsprodukter från antioxidanterna. Nedbrytning av PC genom en Fries omfördelningsreaktion, vilket orsakade bildning av 9,9-dimetylxanten, samt transesterifikation av PET, vilket orsakade bildning av dietyltereftalat, observerades också efter mikrovågsvärmning av förpackningarna i etanol och 90/10 isooktan/etanol. Dessa reaktioner observerades ej efter konventionell värmning av förpackningarna under samma temperatur och ej heller efter mikrovågsvärmning av förpackningarna i riktig mat (kokosmjölk). Mikrovågsvärmningen ökade också betydelsefullt migrering av cykliska oligomerer från PET till etanol och isooktan under 80 °C. Specifika ämnens migrering till kokosmjölk var alla något lägre än migreringsvärden beräknade m. h. a. EU's officiella matematiska modell för förutsägelse av migrering från matförpackningar till mat. Dessa resultat visar att användandet av etanol som matsimulant för fet mat under mikrovågsvärmning kan leda till betydande överestimering av migrering, samt nedbrytning av polymer och additiv i polymeren. Andra detekterade migranter var till exempel dimetylbenzaldehyd, 4-etoxy-etylbenzoat, benzofenon, m-tertbutylfenol och 1-metylnaftalen. Alla identifierade migranter med tillhörande ‘specific migration limit’ (SML)-värden migrerade i betydelsefullt mindre mängder än ämnenas tillhörande SML-värden under 1 h mikrovågsvärmning under 80°C. Diffusionskoefficienterna för antioxidanterna i PP-förpackningarna visade större relativa skillnader än förpackningarnas motsvarande kristallinitetsgrader och migrering av antioxidanter var snabbast från PP-R.
QC 20120530
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Bartram, Sally. "Migration of polyurethane adhesives used in flexible food packaging." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4213.
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Skillington, Pauline. "Migration of chemicals through coated paperboard for food contact packaging." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Chemistry in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyPaperboard made from recycled fibres is being used more frequently in direct food packaging applications, in addition to its use as secondary and tertiary packaging. However, recent research has shown that there is a risk that harmful chemicals may migrate from the paperboard into the food. The simplest approach to reducing the migration of these contaminants is the use of barrier films. The barrier efficiencies of these various films can be examined by means of a migration test into a food simulant, followed by extraction in a suitable solvent. The extract can then be analysed by chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the concentration of the specific contaminants. However on a production level, the availability of this type of highly specialised equipment is limited. A simple, cost effective method is needed to evaluate the barrier properties to specific chemical contaminants. The Heptane Vapour Transmission Rate (HVTR) test is a permeation test method for use at quality control level to determine barrier properties to the migration of organic vapours. The first part of the study focussed on establishing a universal correlation between HVTR and specific migration of diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) that would be applicable to any type of functional barrier. However, experimental data demonstrated this was not possible as the correlation factor linking HVTR to specific migration was largely dependent on the type and morphology of the coating considered. The initial objective of the study was reconsidered in favour of building individual models specific to the nature of the coating and substrate considered. A correlation between HVTR and specific migration of DiBP, DBP and DEHP for a polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) barrier polymer was constructed by varying the applied coating weight. The vapour transport mechanism for the HVTR test and the specific migration test were found to differ, showing that a direct correlation between HVTR and the specific migration was again not possible. However, an indirect correlation could be made. The HVTR method gives an indication of film integrity, whereas the coating weight could be used as an indicator of the specific migration. The correlation between the coating weight and the specific migration yielded an equation that can be used to calculate the specific migration through the PVDC barrier polymer, provided the quantity of the chemical contaminant originally present in the paperboard was known. This equation was specific to the type of barrier polymer, the specific chemical contaminant as well as the intended shelf-life of the food product to be packaged in the paperboard.
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Mercer, Angela. "Migration studies of plasticizers from PVC film into food." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4319.
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Tiggelman, Ineke. "Migration of organic contaminants through paper and plastic packaging." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The presence of mineral oils in dry foodstuff was found to originate from the packaging materials, namely, paperboard manufactured from recovered fibres, and these oils subsequently migrate to the foodstuff via the vapour phase. The presence of mineral oils in food is of concern as it originates from the use of paper products not originally intended for food contact applications, i.e., before the paper is subjected to a suitable recycling process. These mineral oils consist of technical grade compounds which may contain aromatic compounds and other components with unknown toxicological effects. Although the related authorities are currently considering the safe and legal limits of these contaminants in foodstuffs, as well as establishing a standardised test method for monitoring mineral oils in food and packaging materials, paperboard manufacturers wish to ensure that their products are safe for food contact applications. Since recycling is unavoidable, particularly from an ecological and economical point of view, one of the proposed solutions the industry is focussing on is the use of a functional barrier towards mineral oils – be it an inner bag as a direct food-contact surface, or a barrier coating directly applied on the inner side of the paperboard. In this study, a permeation test method was established, and developed, to evaluate the transmission rate of a volatile organic compound, acting as a mineral oil simulant, through model paper and plastic packaging materials. This was correlated to the transmission rate of actual mineral oil through the packaging materials, and therefore used as a highly accelerated tool to characterise packaging materials in relation to their barrier properties. The test method, referred to as the “heptane vapour transmission rate,” was subsequently used to derive the required transport parameters’ characteristics of each of the tested materials, which enabled an evaluation of the potential shelf-life of the packaged product. This research demonstrated that barrier-coated paperboards have the ability to behave in the same way as, and often even better than, commercial plastic films, towards the migration of mineral oil. Detailed information on the interaction between the packaging materials and mineral oil simulant, n-heptane, was acquired from gravimetric sorption. Insight was obtained into a material’s ability to function as a mineral oil barrier. It was established that the quick and easy permeation method was sufficient for evaluating packaging materials as potential mineral oil barriers, and resulted in the determination of transport parameters that were higher than that obtained by sorption. The obtained transport parameters could therefore be considered a worst case scenario when predicting the package content shelf-life.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is voorheen bevind dat die teenwoordigheid van mineraalolies in droë voedsel afkomstig is van die verpakkingsmateriaal, naamlik karton, wat vervaardig is van herwonne papierprodukte, en daarna migreer die olies na die voedsel deur die gasfase. Die teenwoordigheid van hierdie mineraalolies in kos wek groot kommer aangesien dit afkomstig is van papierprodukte wat nie oorspronklik bedoel is vir voedselkontak voor die herwinningsproses nie. Die olies bestaan uit industriële graad mineraalolies wat moontlik aromatiese verbindings asook ander komponente bevat waarvan die toksiekologiese effekte onbekend is. Terwyl die betrokke owerhede tans besig is om die veilige en wettige grense van hierdie kontaminante in voedsel te oorweeg, asook die vestigting van 'n gestandaardiseerde toetsmetode vir die kontrole van mineraalolies in die voedsel-verpakkingsmateriaal-kombinasie, wil karton- en papiervervaardigers graag verseker dat hul produkte veilig is vir voedselkontak. Siende dat herwinning onvermydelik is vanuit 'n ekologiese en ekonomiese oogpunt, is een van die voorgestelde oplossings in die bedryf om te fokus op die gebruik van 'n funksionele keerfilm ten opsigte van mineraalolies, wat ‘n sakkie binne-in die karton, wat dien as die direkte kos-kontakoppervlak, of 'n keerlaag, wat direk aangewend word op die binnekant van die karton, kan behels. Hierdie studie ondersoek die daarstel en deursypelingsontwikkeling van 'n toetsmetode om die oordragtempo van 'n vlugtige organiese verbinding, wat optree as 'n mineraalolie simulant, deur middel van model papier- en plastiekverpakkingsmateriale, te evalueer. Dit stem ooreen met die oordragtempo van werklike mineraalolies deur die verpakkingsmateriaal en kan dus gebruik word as 'n hoogs versnelde instrument om verpakkingsmateriale te karakteriseer met betrekking tot hul keereienskappe. Die toetsmetode, die sogenaamde "heptaangasoordragtempo," is vervolgens gebruik om die vereiste oordragparameters af te lei wat kenmerkend is van elk van die geëvalueerde verpakkingsmateriale en wat sodoende gebruik kon word om die potensiële raklewe van die verpakte produk te bepaal. Hierdie navorsing het getoon dat kartonprodukte met ‘n keerlaag die vermoë het om dieselfde op te tree as kommersiële plastiekfilms en dikwels selfs beter, ten opsigte van die migrasie van mineraalolies. Gedetailleerde inligting oor die interaksie tussen die verpakkingsmateriale en mineraalolie simulant, n-heptaan, is verkry vanaf gravimetriese sorpsie. Dit gee insig in 'n materiaal se vermoë om te funksioneer as 'n mineraalolie-keermiddel. Daar is vasgestel dat die vinnige en maklike deurwerking metode voldoende is vir die evaluering van verpakkingsmateriale as potensiële mineraalolie-keermiddels, en verleen oordragparameters wat hoër is as dié verkry deur sorpsie. Hierdie oordragparameters kan dus as 'n ergste scenario vir die voorspelling van die raklewe van ‘n verpakte produk beskou word.
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Barkby, Campbell Tyrone. "Migration from non-ovenable food contact materials at elevated temperatures." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A major problem associated with the development of complex polymeric materials for food contact applications is the potential for migration of toxic substances from the polymer to the food. This thesis investigates the transfer of migrants from non-ovenable food contact materials at elevated temperatures, and several applications where migration has occurred have been identified. Boil in the bag applications lead to exposure times of 30 - 120 minutes for complex multilayer laminates, whilst plastic kettles are repeat exposure items, and plastic 'vacuum flasks' have a potential for up to 4 hours exposure. Analytical techniques including, GC-MS, LC-MS, HPLC and UV spectroscopy have been employed to quantify the species migrating from these food contact materials into aqueous and oil simulants, and to ensure that they conform to the implemented EC restrictions. Olive oil is a stipulated EC fatty food simulant, but it is unsuitable for specific migration analyses since it contains many interfering compounds. These could not be eliminated by repeated solvent extraction, and a silicone oil was therefore substituted. In an attempt to identify the species migrating into aqueous and fatty food simulants both the final materials and also the individual components i.e. nylon, adhesive, polyethylene and polypropylene were examined separately. HPLC techniques have been developed to quantify both the known levels of antioxidants present in the polymers and also the anticipated degradation products from these materials. Typical levels of antioxidants in simulants range from <0.1 (aqueous) to 45j..lgdm-2 (oil) and <0.1 (aqueous) to 200j..lgdm" (oil) for antioxidant degradation products. In commercial boil in the bag laminates the major migrants have been shown to be derived principally from the nylon film, and the polyurethane adhesive used to fabricate the laminate. Le-MS investigations have confirmed the presence of the residual monomer Ecaprolactarn and its cyclic oligomers (up to the nonarner) in aqueous food simulants boiled in direct contact with the nylon 6. This technique has also identified the main migrants from the aliphatic and aromatic polyurethane adhesives to be residual oligomers from the polyols. Any residual isocyanates in the adhesive are converted to the corresponding amine, and colourimetric assays have determined levels between 1.1 and O.lj..lgdm". Measured, migration levels into fatty food simulants were found to be greater than in aqueous food simulants. However, none of the material examined showed an overall migration value greater than the EC limit of 10mg dm" for single sided testing. Some instances were found where the consumer was instructed to boil the dry food part of a boil in the bag meal in the same water as that used to heat the pouch containing the meat, and under these circumstances a total migration value for the laminate greater than 10mg dm-2 was measured.
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Guazzotti, V. "MIGRATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES THROUGH BIO-COATED PAPER AND BOARD FOR FOOD PACKAGING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/230016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Migrazione di sostanze organiche attraverso rivestimenti bio-polimerici da imballaggi in carta e cartone per uso alimentare
Obiettivi perseguiti durante il presente dottorato di ricerca sono stati: l’ottenimento di dati sulla migrazione dei contaminanti tipicamente presenti in imballaggi di carta e cartone negli alimenti e la valutazione dell'efficacia di bio-polimeri deposti su carta come materiali barriera. Nella prima parte del progetto, è stata eseguita un’indagine analitica di materiali cartacei per uso alimentare allo scopo di identificare le sostanze chimiche più comuni con un potenziale di trasferimento verso gli alimenti. Tali materiali sono stati selezionati in considerazione di una vasta gamma di utilizzi (dal confezionamento primario e secondario agli articoli per fast food). È stato condotto uno screening analitico mediante tecniche di micro estrazione in fase solida (SPME) ed estrazione con solvente (SE) entrambe seguite da successiva analisi mediante gascromatografia-spettrometria di massa (GC-MS) al fine di determinare le principali molecole volatili e semi-volatili in essi presenti. Un gran numero di analiti sono stati rilevati, conseguentemente, per analizzare tali dati, è stato utilizzato un approccio di tipo chemiometrico. Attraverso l’analisi delle componenti principali (PCA) sono stati identificati e selezionati alcuni composti come marker per la classificazione dei campioni. Il metodo analitico utilizzato, combinato con l’approccio chemiometrico, si è dimostrato essere efficace per la trattazione di tali dati. In seguito è stata eseguita una ricerca documentale dedicata a proprietà tossicologiche o restrizioni legislative delle sostanze individuate. La semi-quantificazione dei composti negli imballaggi, ha consentito, mediante l’applicazione del modello di migrazione totale a tempo infinito, una stima della contaminazione di alimenti in condizioni limite; occasionalmente, tali stime portano al superamento dei limiti di migrazione previsti dalla legge. In aggiunta, è stato condotto uno studio sulla presenza di di-isobutile ftalato (DiBP) in film di polivinil cloruruo (PVC) destinato al contatto alimentare. Si è dimostrato come l’origine della contaminazione di tale imballaggio plastico primario per alimenti, fosse costituita dall’imballaggio secondario in cartone (astucci e mandrini in fibra riciclata) utilizzato per la distribuzione e lo stoccaggio di tali tipologie di materiali.
Nella seconda parte della ricerca, sono stati sviluppati e caratterizzati rivestimenti a base di biopolimeri applicati su substrati di carta. In particolare, sono stati considerati rivestimenti a base acquosa, costituititi da biopolimeri rinnovabili, tra i quali: amidi modificati (waxy e ad alto contenuto di amilosio), proteine animali (glutine e gelatina). La caratterizzazione dei campioni di carta bio-rivestita è stata condotta mediante misure di angolo di contatto e osservazioni microstrutturali. Allo stesso tempo, sono stati realizzati studi di ripartizione e diffusione di molecole selezionate tra carta o carta bio-rivestita e aria o simulanti alimentari, inoltre; quale confronto, sono stati considerati diversi rivestimenti plastici. Notevoli differenze sono state evidenziate nell’adsorbimento dei contaminanti tra carta bio-rivestita o non rivestita e aria. I minori coefficienti di ripartizione sono stati raggiunti nella carta bio-rivestita, rendendo evidente come i biopolimeri testati siano stati capaci di ridurre l’affinità del substrato carta nei confronti di tali contaminanti. Tali risultati sono stati discussi in relazione delle caratteristiche proprie di ogni biopolimero. Studi di diffusione nel simulante alimentare solido poli 2,6-difenil-p-fenilene ossido, noto anche come Tenax®, hanno confermato che tutti i biopolimeri testati rallentano la migrazione. I dati sperimentali sono stati interpretati mediante modello di Weibull.
L’ultima parte dell’attività di ricerca è stata dedicata alla migrazione di composti similari agli oli minerali ed alla valutazione dell’efficacia di rivestimenti a base amido su carta come materiali barriera. La cinetica di migrazione di composti modello (n-alcani: C10-C40) in Tenax® è stata studiata sia mediante HPLC-GC-FID che un sistema di misurazione della permeazione in continuo. L’applicazione di modelli attualmente disponibili ha permesso il confronto con i dati misurati sperimentalmente. Infine, sono stati condotti test di migrazione utilizzando materiali realmente contaminati da oli minerali.This PhD thesis is aimed to generate data on migration of typical contaminants from Paper and Board (P&B) packaging into food and on the effectiveness of bio-based polymers coated onto paper as barrier materials. In the first part of the project, an analytical survey of P&B materials intended for food use was carried out with the aim to identify chemicals with a potential to migrate into foods. A screening was applied by means of Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) and solvent extraction (SE) with subsequent analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine volatile and non-volatile molecules. A large number of analytes were detected and a chemometric approach was used to explore the data. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was used to identify and select some compounds as markers for sample classification. The chosen analytical method coupled with chemometrics proved to be an effective way in processing these data. A literature survey for safety data or legislative restrictions of the identified substances was performed. The semi-quantification of the compounds in the packaging allowed a worst case estimation of food contamination by means of the infinite total migration model; occasionally, migration estimations overcame the specific migration limits. Additionally, a study to investigate the occurrence of diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cling films for food contact applications was carried out. It demonstrated the contamination pathway from the secondary paper packaging (contaminated materials, such as folding cardboards and inner cores made of recycled fibres) used for distribution and storage of these primary plastic packaging that will be in contact with food. In the second part of the project, coatings of different biopolymers onto paper substrates were developed and characterized. Focus was directed to water-based, renewable biopolymers, such as: modified starches (cationic starch and cationic waxy starch), plant and animal proteins (gluten and gelatine), poured onto paper with an automatic applicator. Optical contact angle measurements and microstructural observations of the bio-coated paper allowed the characterization of the samples. At the same time, partition and diffusion studies of selected substances of toxicological concern were carried out between paper/coated paper and air or food simulants, additionally, a comparison with a polyethylene laminated paper was performed. The aim was to evaluate the physicochemical behaviour and the barrier properties of bio-coatings against migration of typical contaminants from recycled paper packaging. From the partitioning studies, considerable differences in the adsorption behaviour of the selected contaminants between bio-coated or uncoated paper and air were highlighted. Lowest values of partition coefficients were achieved when paper was bio-coated, making evident that biopolymers reduced the affinity of the paper substrate for the tested migrants. These findings were discussed considering the characteristics of the tested biopolymers. Diffusion studies into the solid food simulant poly 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide, also known as Tenax®, confirmed that all the tested biopolymers slowed down migration. The Weibull kinetic model was fit to the experimental data to compare migration from paper and bio-coated paper. Finally, research activity was focused on the migration of contaminants like MOSH (mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons) and on the evaluation of starch based bio-coatings as barrier materials. Migration test series were performed up to 10 days at 60 °C using spiked model substances (n-alkanes C10-C40) and Tenax® as food simulant. HPLC-GC-FID system was used to analyse extracts and its relative performances were compared with an automatic permeation system. Existing predictive models for migration were preliminary applied for comparison with measured data. Finally, migration test series with real contaminated packaging materials were developed.
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Lorenzini, Rita <1974>. "Food Safety and Mineral Oil Contaminated Paperboard Packaging: an Analytical Challenge and a Migration Study." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4898/1/PhD_Thesis_Rita_Lorenzini_10-04-2012.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food packaging protects food, but it can sometimes become a source of undesired contaminants. Paper based materials, despite being perceived as “natural” and safe, can contain volatile contaminants (especially if made from recycled paper) able to migrate to food, as mineral oil, phthalates and photoinitiators.
Mineral oil is a petroleum product used as printing ink solvent for newspapers, magazines and packaging. From paperboard printing and from recycled fibers (if present), mineral oil migrates into food, even if dry, through the gas phase. Its toxicity is not fully evaluated, but a temporary Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.6 mg kg-1 has been established for saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH), while aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) are more toxic.
Extraction and analysis of MOSH and MOAH is difficult due to the thousands of molecules present. Extraction methods for packaging and food have been optimized, then applied for a “shopping trolley survey” on over 100 Italian and Swiss market products. Instrumental analyses were performed with online LC-GC/FID. Average concentration of MOSH in paperboards was 626 mg kg-1. Many had the potential of contaminating foods exceeding temporary ADI tens of times.
A long term migration study was then designed to better understand migration kinetics. Egg pasta and müesli were chosen as representative (high surface/weight ratio). They were stored at different temperatures (4, 20, 30, 40 and 60°C) and conditions (free, shelved or boxed packs) for 1 year. MOSH and MOAH kinetic curves show that migration is a fast process, mostly influenced by temperature: in egg pasta (food in direct contact with paperboard), half of MOSH is transferred to food in a week at 40°C and in 8 months at 20°C. The internal plastic bag present in müesli slowed down the startup of migration, creating a “lag time” in the curves.
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Lorenzini, Rita <1974>. "Food Safety and Mineral Oil Contaminated Paperboard Packaging: an Analytical Challenge and a Migration Study." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4898/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food packaging protects food, but it can sometimes become a source of undesired contaminants. Paper based materials, despite being perceived as “natural” and safe, can contain volatile contaminants (especially if made from recycled paper) able to migrate to food, as mineral oil, phthalates and photoinitiators.
Mineral oil is a petroleum product used as printing ink solvent for newspapers, magazines and packaging. From paperboard printing and from recycled fibers (if present), mineral oil migrates into food, even if dry, through the gas phase. Its toxicity is not fully evaluated, but a temporary Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.6 mg kg-1 has been established for saturated mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOSH), while aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) are more toxic.
Extraction and analysis of MOSH and MOAH is difficult due to the thousands of molecules present. Extraction methods for packaging and food have been optimized, then applied for a “shopping trolley survey” on over 100 Italian and Swiss market products. Instrumental analyses were performed with online LC-GC/FID. Average concentration of MOSH in paperboards was 626 mg kg-1. Many had the potential of contaminating foods exceeding temporary ADI tens of times.
A long term migration study was then designed to better understand migration kinetics. Egg pasta and müesli were chosen as representative (high surface/weight ratio). They were stored at different temperatures (4, 20, 30, 40 and 60°C) and conditions (free, shelved or boxed packs) for 1 year. MOSH and MOAH kinetic curves show that migration is a fast process, mostly influenced by temperature: in egg pasta (food in direct contact with paperboard), half of MOSH is transferred to food in a week at 40°C and in 8 months at 20°C. The internal plastic bag present in müesli slowed down the startup of migration, creating a “lag time” in the curves.
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Mauricio, Iglesias Miguel. "Impact of high pressure thermal treatments on food/packaging interactions." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La maîtrise des interactions aliment/emballage est essentielle pour assurer la sécurité et la qualité des produits emballés. Dans le cadre du Projet Européen Novel Q, nous avons évalué l'impact des traitements de hautes pressions thermales (HP/T) sur les interactions aliment emballage. En particulier, nous avons étudié l'effet d'une pasteurisation (800 MPa, 5 min, 40°C) et une stérilisation (800 MPa, 5 min, 115°C) haute pression sur la migration et le scalping du polyéthylène linéaire de basse densité (LLDPE), du polylactate (PLA) et d'un nanocomposite biodégradable à base de gluten de blé/montmorillonite (WG/MMT). Pour LLDPE et PLA, la caractérisation de la migration s'est basée dans le suivi de deux additifs modèles, Uvitex OB et Irganox 1076 alors que pour le WG/MMT d'autres tests additionnels ont été faits, i. E. Migration globale, des protéines et de nanoparticules. Les traitements HP/T n'ont pas eu un effet significatif sur la plupart d'interactions étudiées sauf pour la migration de nanoparticules du WG et lors du scalping à haute température. Jusqu'à présent, les méthodes le plus fréquemment utilisées pour la détermination de niveaux de migration sont basées dans la destruction et quantification de l'échantillon, s'avérant de méthodes longues et coûteuses. Pour s'affranchir de telles méthodes, la modélisation a été récemment acceptée en tant que méthode d'estimation de migration. Néanmoins, les paramètres nécessaires, c'est-à-dire, la diffusivité et le coefficient de partage ne sont que rarement connus. L'utilisation de la spectroscopie Raman et FTIR pour déterminer des niveaux de migration et surtout, pour estimer la diffusivité d'un additif dans du LLDPE s'est accomplie avec succès, permettant une caractérisation complète du transfert de matière dans le systèmeThe control of food/packaging interactions is essential to ensure the safety and quality of packed products. In particular, in the framework of the European Project Novel Q (IP6, Novel Processing Methods for the Production and Distribution of High Quality and Safe Foods), the effect of high pressure thermal (HP/T) treatments on food/packaging interactions was assessed in a variety of cases. Migration and scalping were studied for linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), polylactide (PLA) and a wheat gluten/montmorillonite (WG/MMT) nanocomposite novel biodegradable and nanocomposite materials in food simulating liquids (FSL). Food/packaging interactions were studied after two HP/T treatments intended to perform a pasteurization (800 MPa, 5 min, 40°C) and a sterilization (800 MPa, 5 min, 115°C) treatment, as well as subsequent storage for 10 days. Specific migration of an additive (Uvitex OB) was assessed for LLDPE and PLA, whereas additional tests were carried out for WG/MMT, i. E. Overall migration, protein migration and nanoparticles migration. HP/T treatments did not significantly modify the migration or scalping in the conditions studied except for the release of nanoparticles from WG. Interestingly, the increase in the melting point of LLDPE during HP/T made possible to sterilize it. To date the most frequently used methods in migration assessment are based in time consuming methods based on destruction and quantification. To avoid them, modeling has been recently approved as a method for migration assessment. However, the parameters needed, i. E. Diffusivity (D) and the partition coefficient (K) are seldom available. The use of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to assess migration behavior and, more importantly, to determine the diffusivity of an additive in LLDPE was successfully carried out allowing a complete characterization of mass transfer
Книги з теми "Migration and Food packaging"
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Tice, Philip. Food packaging and migration. [Leatherhead]: Pira, Packaging Division, 1988.
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Davies, Jason Spencer. Migration of adhesives in food packaging. Leicester: De Montfort University, 2003.
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3
Barnes, Karen A., C. Richard Sinclair, and David H. Watson. Chemical migration and food contact materials. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC, 2007.
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Katan, L. L. Migration from food contact materials. [S.l.]: Springer, 2012.
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Figge, Karl. Plastic packages for foodstuffs: A topical survey of legal regulations and migration testing. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgellschaft, 1996.
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Bartram, Sally. Migration of polyurethane adhesives used in flexible food packaging. Leicester: De Montfort University, 2000.
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Great Britain. Working Party on Chemical Contaminants from Food Contact Materials., ed. Migration of substances from food contact materials into food: The twenty-sixth report of the Steering Group on Food Surveillance, progress report of the Working Party on Chemical Contaminants from Food Contact Materials for 1984 to 1988. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.
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Saha, N. C., Anup K. Ghosh, Meenakshi Garg, and Susmita Dey Sadhu. Food Packaging. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4233-3.
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Risch, Sara J., ed. Food Packaging. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0753.
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Piergiovanni, Luciano, and Sara Limbo. Food packaging. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1457-2.
Повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Migration and Food packaging"
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Ebert, Annika, Roland Franz, Carina Gehring, Diana Kemmer, and Frank Welle. "Testing Migration from Food Packaging Materials." In Food Packaging Materials, 251–302. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315374390-11.
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Bolzoni, Luciana. "Plasticisers Used in PVC for Foods: Assessment of Specific Migration." In Food Packaging Hygiene, 43–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14827-4_3.
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Souza, Victor G. L., Regiane Ribeiro-Santos, Patricia F. Rodrigues, Carolina Rodrigues, João R. A. Pires, Ana T. Sanches-Silva, Isabel Coelhoso, Fátima Poças, and Ana L. Fernando. "Migration of Building Blocks, Additives, and Contaminants from Food Packaging Materials." In Food Packaging Materials, 115–36. New York, NY: Springer US, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3613-8_6.
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Baner, A. L., R. Franz, and O. Piringer. "Alternative fatty food simulants for polymer migration testing." In Food Packaging and Preservation, 23–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2173-0_2.
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Souza, Victor Gomes Lauriano, Regiane Ribeiro-Santos, Regiane Ribeiro-Santos, Patricia Freitas Rodrigues, Caio Gomide Otoni, Maria Paula Duarte, Isabel M. Coelhoso, and Ana Luisa Fernando. "Nanomaterial Migration from Composites into Food Matrices." In Composites Materials for Food Packaging, 401–36. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119160243.ch13.
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Breder, C. V. "Migration of Packaging Components to Foods." In ACS Symposium Series, 159–69. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0365.ch013.
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Vitrac, Olivier, and Audrey Goujon. "Food Packaging: New Directions for the Control of Additive and Residue Migration." In Environmental Impact of Polymers, 273–308. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118827116.ch13.
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Goulas, Antonios E., Kyriakos A. Riganakos, and Michael G. Kontominas. "Effect of Electron Beam and Gamma Radiation on the Migration of Plasticizers from Flexible Food Packaging Materials into Foods and Food Simulants." In ACS Symposium Series, 290–304. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2004-0875.ch018.
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Graindourze, Marc. "UV-Curable Inkjet Inks and Their Applications in Industrial Inkjet Printing, Including Low-Migration Inks for Food Packaging." In Handbook of Industrial Inkjet Printing, 129–50. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527687169.ch6.
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Brennan, James G., and Brian P. F. Day. "Packaging." In Food Processing Handbook, 225–80. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527634361.ch8.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Migration and Food packaging"
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Adewumi, Funmilayo Deborah, Divine Favour Ogona, Frank Abimbola Ogundolie, Oluwafemi Ogunmodede, Omolara Peters, and Olajumoke Idowu. "Starch-Based Composites: An Eco-Friendly Alternative for Food Packaging." In 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10629865.
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Montefusco, Antonica Valeria, Margherita Izzi, Domenico Calia, Anna Pugliese, Maria Chiara Sportelli, Nicola Cioffi, and Rosaria Anna Picca. "Alginate Films Embedding Electrosynthesized ZnO Nanostructures for Food Packaging Applications." In 2024 IEEE 24th International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO), 283–86. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nano61778.2024.10628646.
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"The Chemicals Migration Research Of Plastic Food Packaging." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Environment, Biology, Medicine and Computer Applications. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icebmca.2017.12.
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Liu, Gang. "Research on the food packaging migration of chemical substances." In 2015 International Conference on Economy, Management and Education Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemet-15.2015.3.
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Lajki, Violeta (Makolli), and Ilirian Malollari. "Migration of Chemical Substances from Food Packaging, Modeling and Simulation of Migration Processes." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.178.
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LILI, MA, CHANG WEN, LIU WENTAO, and ZHANG YUFANG. "The Migration Study of Plasticizer in PVC Food Packaging Film under Microwave Condition." In The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/iapri2018/24455.
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Ponjavic, Marijana, Ivana Malagurski, Ana Salevic-Jelic, Jelena Lazic, and Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic. "UV-blocking sustainable food packaging based on polyhydroxyalkanoate and bacterial pigment prodigiosin." In 2nd International Conference on Chemo and Bioinformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi23.351p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New film materials based on bacterial biomolecules polyhydroxyalkanoate (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PHBV) and prodigiosin (PG) were produced by solvent casting as a potential food packaging material. Film precursors were obtained in a sustainable manner via microbial fermentation using waste stream-based substrates (cooking oil and second-grade canned meat, after the expiry date). The incorporation of PG into the PHBV has influenced the morphology and functionality of the obtained materials. PG acted as a nucleating agent, affecting in turn PHBV/PG film surface morphology. The films were intensively colored, transparent and blocked UV-light. An increase in PG content decreased film transparency but it did not affect UV-blocking ability. Migration experiments have shown that films possess the potential to release PG into lipophilic food simulant media where it has exhibited antioxidative action. The obtained results suggest that PHBV/PG films can be potentially used as sustainable and active food packaging materials.
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Antić, Slobodan. "Responding to the Impact of the COVID-19 on Food Value Chains – Case of Industry Practice." In XV. International Conference on Logistics in Agriculture 2021. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-538-2.1.
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Supply chain operations in food value chains includes all logistics activities that enable the flow of agriculture inputs, outputs, and agriculture-related services, such as transportation, warehousing, procurement, packaging and inventory management. The efficacy of logistics is critical for the agri-food sector, in particular in times of crisis. Disruptions can cause adverse impacts on the quality of food, freshness, its safety, and can impede access to markets and affordability. The COVID-19 pandemic caused that the governments around the world implemented different measures, including a reduction in the transportation of goods (ground, ocean freight and air freight), as well as migration of labour domestically and internationally. In order to stop the transmission of the disease workers are less available in transportation systems because restrictions across borders. These issues induce disruptions in the logistics of the food supply chains. The contemporary business environment in COVID-19 pandemic environment imposes an increased need for the development of decision-support tools. The Shadow IT solution will be described on the example of the inventory control model for frozen fruit wholesale, implemented as a spreadsheet application.
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DING, CONG-YANG, QIN-BAO LIN, JIU-TIAN LUO, ZHONG LI, JIA LIAO, and XUE-CHAO SONG. "Prediction of Two Isothiazolinone Biocides Migrating from Coated Paper into Liquid Food Simulants and Assessment of Human Exposure." In The 21st IAPRI World Conference on Packaging. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/iapri2018/24413.
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Gaudreault, R., C. Brochu, R. Sandrock, P. Deglmann, H. Seyffer, and A. Tétreault. "Overview of Practical and Theoretical Aspects of Mineral Oil Contaminants in Mill Process and Paperboards." In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research, Cambridge 2013, edited by S. J. I’ Anson. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2013.2.907.
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The paperboard industry is committed to consumer protection in food packaging and has assigned top priority to the issue of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) as early as spring 2010. In this work, we have developed practical methods, using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) laboratory equipment, to characterize the level of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) in European and North American newspapers, paperboards, and inks. As part of our validation protocol, several samples were analyzed by an external laboratory (ISEGA, Aschaffenburg, Germany) using Biedermann’s protocol and an average deviation of 6% for the MOSH and 17% for the MOAH was observed between ISEGA and our method. Using the reference Tenax migration method (EN, 14338), the hexane or heptane vapour transmission rate (HVTR) method was developed to measure the barrier efficiency within one day, showing a very good correlation; R2 = 0.80 to 0.92. Much higher MOH concentrations in newspaper printed areas infer that printing inks constituents are the most likely source of MOSH/MOAH in recycled paperboard. When processing such raw material, the drying section is one of the paperboard making process steps that significantly reduces the MOSH and MOAH level. Although low or free mineral oil printing inks would be preferable, the use of functional barriers can significantly reduce the migration of MOSH/MOAH, whenever necessary. Mineral oil migration barrier efficiencies of about 90% were obtained using polymeric functional barriers applied at the mill with conventional coating equipment. Finally, a first attempt was made to theoretically model the migration of mineral oil through model polyacrylate functional barriers. The correlation between calculated (theoretical) and experimental hexane permeabilities seems reasonable and a predictive discrimination between good and bad barrier polymers appears possible for acrylate copolymers (R2=0.72) within foreseeable limitations with respect to chemical composition.
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Strauss, Bernhard, Britta Kleinsorge, and Pantea Lotfian. 3D printing technologies in the food system for food production and packaging. Food Standards Agency, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.suv860.
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3D printing, also called additive manufacturing, represents a range of technologies that create 3D objects through a layer-by-layer deposition process using digital image files. 3D printing evolved over the past four decades from a prototyping tool to a manufacturing method in its own right in a number of industries and several additive manufacturing processes have matured into robust production technologies for highly customised and bespoke products when produced in small numbers. However, 3D printing technologies at their current stage of evolution are usually not considered commercially viable for mass production applications.
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Pullman, Madeleine, Robin Fenske, and Wayne Wakeland. Food Delivery Footprint: Addressing Transportation, Packaging, and Waste in the Food Supply Chain. Portland State University Library, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.129.
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Migration: Tightening borders and threats to food security. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292970_05.
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Kuchler, Fred, Megan Sweitzer, and Carolyn Chelius. prevalence of the "natural" claim on food product packaging. Washington, D.C.: USDA Economic Research Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8023700.ers.
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U.S. food suppliers make claims about their production processes on food packaging that highlight attributes some consumers want while charging a higher price than for unlabeled products. Some labels use such claims as "USDA Organic" and "raised without antibiotics," which require different and more expensive production techniques than conventional agriculture. However, food suppliers can use the label that claims the food is "natural" at a relatively low cost because regulatory agencies treat the claim as meaning nothing artificial was added and the product was minimally processed. Numerous consumer food choice studies concluded that consumers equate the natural label on food with healthier food choices and more costly production practices that signify environmental stewardship. Informed by these previous studies' findings, the authors of this report estimate the frequency with which food suppliers make the natural claim on food packaging labels. Estimates are based on scanner data and comprehensive label data. Across all foods in 2018, 16.3 percent of retail food expenditures and 16.9 percent of all items purchased (unit sales) were for foods labeled natural, whereas 11.0 percent of Universal Product Codes (UPC) in stores were labeled natural on the packaging. Expenditures for food labeled natural were larger than expenditures for foods labeled USDA Organic. Natural labels were found predominately on processed products. For example, 95.6 percent of expenditures for vitamins and meal supplements were for products labeled natural, compared with 0.5 percent of expenditures for potatoes
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Bryant, C. A., S. A. Wilks, and C. W. Keevil. Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of food and food packaging materials. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kww583.
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COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in China in December 2019. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently responsible for 500 million reported cases and over 6.4 million deaths. A risk assessment published by the Foods Standards Agency (FSA) in 2020 (Opens in a new window) concluded that it was very unlikely that you could catch coronavirus via food. This assessment included the worst-case assumption that, if food became contaminated during production, no significant inactivation of virus would occur before consumption. However, the rate of inactivation of virus on products sold at various temperatures was identified as a key uncertainty, because if inactivation does occur more rapidly in some situations, then a lower risk may be more appropriate. This project was commissioned to measure the rate of inactivation of virus on the surface of various types of food and food packaging, reducing that uncertainty. The results will be used to consider whether the assumption currently made in the risk assessment remains appropriate for food kept at a range of temperatures, or whether a lower risk is more appropriate for some. We conducted a laboratory-based study, artificially contaminating infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the surfaces of foods and food packaging. We measured how the amount of infectious virus present on those surfaces declined over time, at a range of temperatures and relative humidity levels, reflecting typical storage conditions. We tested broccoli, peppers, apple, raspberry, cheddar cheese, sliced ham, olives, brine from the olives, white and brown bread crusts, croissants and pain au chocolat. The foods tested were selected as they are commonly sold loose on supermarket shelves or uncovered at deli counters or market stalls, they may be difficult to wash, and they are often consumed without any further processing i.e. cooking. The food packaging materials tested were polyethylene terephthalate (PET1) trays and bottles; aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons. These were selected as they are the most commonly used food packaging materials or consumption of the product may involve direct mouth contact with the packaging. Results showed that virus survival varied depending on the foods and food packaging examined. In several cases, infectious virus was detected for several hours and in some cases for several days, under some conditions tested. For a highly infectious agent such as SARS-CoV-2, which is thought to be transmissible by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face, this confirmation is significant. For most foods tested there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours. However, for cheddar cheese and sliced ham, stored in refrigerated conditions and a range of relative humidity, the virus levels remained high up to a week later, when the testing period was stopped. Both cheddar cheese and sliced ham have high moisture, protein and saturated fat content, possibly offering protection to the virus. When apples and olives were tested, the virus was inactivated to the limit of detection very quickly, within an hour, when the first time point was measured. We suggest that chemicals, such as flavonoids, present in the skin of apples and olives inactivate the virus. The rate of viral decrease was rapid, within a few hours, for croissants and pain au chocolat. These pastries are both coated with a liquid egg wash, which may have an inhibitory effect on the virus. Food packaging materials tested had variable virus survival. For all food packaging, there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours, in all relative humidity conditions and at both 6°C and 21°C; these included PET1 bottles and trays, aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons.
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Soma, Tammara. A bad wrap? Using packaging well to reduce food waste. Edited by Ria Ernunsari. Monash University, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/7869-6dad.
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Short, Samuel. Alternatives to single-use plastics in food packaging and production. Food Standards Agency, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.taf512.
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This rapid evidence assessment undertaken by RSM UK Consulting LLP (RSM) and Dr Samuel Short (University of Cambridge) aimed to develop an understanding of the alternatives to single-use plastics in food packaging and production in terms of their risks and opportunities, as well as potential future developments. Literature from within and beyond the UK was gathered from academic databases and reports published by government and non-governmental organisations such as environmental charities. Evidence from the literature was supplemented by findings from a workshop with experts in the field from a variety of industries such as academia, manufacturing, and government. Two broad groups of alternatives were established: material/product alternatives (traditional materials, natural fibres, biopolymers synthesised from biomass, biopolymers synthesised from bioderived monomers, biopolymers produced by microorganisms) and, and system/process alternatives (reducing, reusing, and recycling food packaging and, active and intelligent packaging). These alternatives and systems vary considerably in terms of their properties, such as effectiveness as a barrier to moisture or contamination, convenience for consumers, production costs, and potential for commercialisation. Our review also highlighted gaps in the current knowledge, for example in terms of consumer acceptance and carbon footprint at each stage of their life cycle. The capacity to produce bioplastics (i.e. biopolymers that look and feel similar to conventional plastics but are made from natural materials rather than fossil fuels and are biodegradable or compostable) is anticipated to increase globally from 2.1 million tonnes in 2019 to 6.3 million tonnes by 2027. This growth appears to be enabled by increased consumer awareness of environmental issues and existing regulation and legislation encouraging the development and establishment of a circular economy. However, there are barriers that may challenge this growth. These include already established industry regimes, high production cost of novel materials and a lack of waste management guidance. Overall, fossil-based conventional plastics are a very cheap, versatile material compared to the alternatives currently being developed and tested. Because of this, they might remain the preferred industry choice for certain applications, while alternatives continue to be optimised and commercially scaled. To add to this, the reviewed evidence suggests that there is unlikely to be one single solution to the single-use plastics problem. The solution will likely draw on a range of materials and systems depending on food type and context.
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van Berkum, Siemen, Jan Broeze, Marion Herens, Bertram de Rooij, Katrine Soma, and Lotte Roosendaal. Urbanisation, migration and food system transformations : Concepts and methodologies for a better understanding of the dynamics of urban food systems and migration settlements. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/524538.
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de Rooij, Bertram, Katherine Pittore, and Vincent Linderhof. Case-based learnings [Urban] food systems Uganda : Feeding Cities and migration. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/536750.
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de Rooij, L. L., P. Verweij, and H. J. Agricola. Feeding cities and migration : Urban food systems in a spatial environmental perspective. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/520018.
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