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Статті в журналах з теми "Methodological limits":
1
Terblanche, John S., Jacques A. Deere, Susana Clusella-Trullas, Charlene Janion, and Steven L. Chown. "Critical thermal limits depend on methodological context." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1628 (September 18, 2007): 2935–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0985.
2
Brenner, Neil. "The limits to scale? Methodological reflections on scalar structuration." Progress in Human Geography 25, no. 4 (December 2001): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/030913201682688959.
3
Lamont, Michèle, and Ann Swidler. "Methodological Pluralism and the Possibilities and Limits of Interviewing." Qualitative Sociology 37, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11133-014-9274-z.
4
Bulychev, Alexander V., and Maxim A. Gribkov. "ELECTROMAGNETIC CURRENT CONVERTERS: OPERATING LIMITS." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2023-2-64-75.
Анотація:
The urgency of the task is due to the desire to ensure the ideal transmission of primary relay protection signals to microprocessor devices. The article presents the materials of the comprehensive study of electromagnetic current converters from the standpoint of assessing the possibility of using them as current sensors in microprocessor relay protection systems. The study was conducted in order to assess the limiting capabilities of electromagnetic current converters by analyzing their methodological errors. To assess the methodological errors of electromagnetic current converters, the mathematical apparatus of the theory of automatic control is used. The possibility of representing electromagnetic current converters by dynamic links with linear transfer functions is shown. The amplitude and phase frequency characteristics are considered. Analytical expressions for the frequency characteristics of electromagnetic current converters are given. Concise visual mathematical expressions are proposed to determine the boundaries of the frequency range of electromagnetic current converters according to the main parameters of the substitution circuit. The limits of the application of linear transfer functions for the mathematical description of these converters are estimated. Examples of relay protection signals passing through electromagnetic current converters are considered. Recommendations for improving the conversion properties of electromagnetic current converters are given.
5
Barton, Ellen. "More Methodological Matters: Against Negative Argumentation." College Composition & Communication 51, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ccc20001385.
Анотація:
Negative argumentation about methodological approaches threatens to limit the field of composition: it exacerbates the tension concerning the place and value of empirical studies in research; it potentially limits the field’s ability to ask certain kinds of research questions; and it risks impoverishing the methodological education offered to new practitioners in the field.
6
Wheeler, Everett L. "Methodological Limits and the Mirage of Roman Strategy: Part II." Journal of Military History 57, no. 2 (April 1993): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944057.
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Wheeler, Everett L. "Methodological Limits and the Mirage of Roman Strategy: Part I." Journal of Military History 57, no. 1 (January 1993): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944221.
8
Lescroart, Mark, Kamran Binaee, Bharath Shankar, Christian Sinnott, Jennifer A. Hart, Arnab Biswas, Ilya Nudnou, Benjamin Balas, Michelle R. Greene, and Paul MacNeilage. "Methodological limits on sampling visual experience with mobile eye tracking." Journal of Vision 22, no. 14 (December 5, 2022): 3201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.14.3201.
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IZENBERG, GERALD. "SELF: THE LIMITS OF AUTONOMY." Modern Intellectual History 15, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147924431700021x.
Анотація:
If one is looking for the authoritative work on the history of the modern Western concept of “self,” the place to go is Jerrold Seigel's The Idea of the Self. It is a wide-ranging, deeply insightful account of Western thinking about the nature of selfhood in Britain, France, and Germany since Descartes, framed by a powerfully argued thesis about the right way to conceptualize it. But that project was driven by what in the retrospect of Seigel's whole body of work can be seen as an even more comprehensive historical program, one both methodological and substantive. One of Seigel's basic historiographical convictions, more implicit than systematically argued, is that individual subjectivity matters for historical explanation. His broader substantive interest is in the meaning of the Western notion of “modernity,” above all in its implications and consequences for our contemporary self-understanding. Methodological conviction and substantive interest are tightly interwoven. As Seigel sees it, the process of European modernization was guided by, and in turn further developed, a historically locatable, complex, and internally conflicted version of universal selfhood—the autonomous bourgeois self. His corpus is an extended and evolving exploration of this process and its result, which he finds most clearly documented in European thought and culture from the mid-seventeenth century to the mid-twentieth.
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Shastitko, E. А., and L. A. Tutov. "NOTES ON METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH: ARE THERE LIMITS TO THE APPLICATION?" Moscow University Economics Bulletin 58, no. 1 (2023): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0105-6-58-1-1.
Анотація:
The main characteristics of methodological individualism as an approach usedin economics to the study of social phenomena are revealed and the associated with it wayof presenting accumulated knowledge. The authors show how methodological individualismis positioned in economics where Lakatos' research programs compete with each other. The study examines possible limitations in applying methodological individualism to relations between people mediatedby language as a means of communication, including in the lightof socialization processes, as well as in the light ofdifferences in the research process and theway of presenting its outcomes. The authors show that with the spread of technologies basedon artificial intelligence, the question of whether self-learning algorithms successfully passingthe Turing test should be considered as a challenge for applying the traditional understandingof methodological individualism in future economic research. Methodological individualismis one of the important issues in the modern methodology of economics, in the light of whichthe paper discusses various aspects of the relationship between methodologicalholism and individualism.
Дисертації з теми "Methodological limits":
1
Bhargava, Rejeev. "The forms and limits of methodological individualism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253808.
2
Heldestad, Victoria. "Methodological aspects and usefulness of Quantitative Sensory Testing in early small fiber polyneuropathy : a clinical study in Swedish hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis patients." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Klinisk neurofysiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50617.
Анотація:
Generalised polyneuropathy (PNP) is a common cause to neurological impairment, and may be an early symptom of a severe systemic disease. One such illness is hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTR), a progressive fatal disorder caused by a mutation on the TTR gene. More than 100 such mutations have been found worldwide, of which Val30Met is the most common neuropathic variant with initial clinical manifestations indicating small fiber impairment. Differences in onset age, penetrance and phenotypes are present between endemic areas. Liver transplantation generally slows the progress of the symptom development, especially in patients with short disease duration. Ongoing research has also shown promising results with drug interventions. In any event, early diagnosis of PNP onset in ATTR patients is crucial to ensure early therapeutic interventions. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) provide the basis for evaluation of the functional state of the thick myelinated nerve fibres in patients with symptoms of PNP, but no such quantitative methods are available for the thin myelinated or unmyelinated fibers. Instead, a psychophysical method with thermal quantitative sensory testing (QST) can provide indirect information about the overall function in the afferent small fiber systems. The purpose of thesis was to evaluate the applicability of QST by the Method-of-limits (MLI) for early detection of PNP in Swedish ATTR patients with the Val30Met mutation. In healthy subjects the repeatability of the MLI was assessed, and reference values for thermal perception thresholds (TPT) in several body regions were determined. No significant differences in TPT or pain thresholds were found at repeated testing with MLI, indicating that the MLI is a reliable method. However, the results show that the arrangement of the testing order is of importance, as cold (CT) and warm (WT) perception thresholds were significantly elevated when tested after thermal pain assessments, instead of before. I general, the TPT was more elevated at lower parts of the body compared to the upper part, and with higher WT than CT, fully in accordance with the underlying anatomical and physiological prerequisites for QST. In biopsy verified ATTR patients lacking EMG and NCS abnormalities, significantly elevated TPT were found compared to controls. Furthermore, significantly more increased TPT were observed in patients with an early onset of the disease, compared those with a late onset. Finally, a combined detailed evaluation of QST and heart rate variability (HRV) analyses demonstrated correlations between QST and HRV abnormalities in patients with late onset, but not in those with early onset. The present thesis emphasizes the importance of incorporating QST early in the clinical evaluation of ATTR patients with a Val30Met mutation and with symptoms of thin fiber PNP. This is particularly indicated when patients report symptoms, or show signs, of neuropathic small fiber affection, but simultaneously exhibit normal EMG and NCS findings. The results furthermore underline the importance of performing both QST and HRV for a complete evaluation of both the thin somatic and autonomic nerve fibers, as both types of nerves may be affected early in the ATTR disease.
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Chassagne, Jean. "Mieux comprendre, étudier et prendre en charge la consommation de cannabis : apports méthodologiques et facteurs de risques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2023. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/s/fr/item/35793.
Анотація:
Le cannabis est la substance psychoactive la plus couramment utilisée par les étudiants en Europe et aux États-Unis. Associée à divers troubles psychopathologiques, la nature et l'intensité de ces interactions restent toutefois discutées. Dans un contexte où de nombreux pays se positionnent en faveur de sa légalisation, nous devons disposer d’outils et de connaissances adéquates pour mieux appréhender ses effets psychologiques. La littérature actuelle reste pourtant souvent limitée à la fréquence de consommation ou au trouble d'usage problématique du cannabis (UPC), défini selon ses critères diagnostiques. Nous avons donc étudié un plus large éventail de variables pour mieux saisir le lien entre l’usage et les psychopathologies. Une attention a aussi été portée à la méthodologie, en s'interrogeant sur les manières d’obtenir des données les plus fiables possibles. Chacune de nos trois études visait ainsi à répondre à une question ou combler un manque identifié lors de nos recherches préliminaires. Pour définir de nouvelles variables d’intérêt, la première étude a examiné l'influence du contexte de consommation sur la prévalence des symptômes d’UPC et dépressifs, et la seconde l’influence des formes, méthodes et moments d’ingestion sur la prévalence des symptômes d’UPC, dépressifs et anxieux. Sur le plan méthodologique, la troisième étude a exploré le lien entre les biais d'auto-duperie (inconscients, pour protéger l'estime de soi) et les biais d’hétéro-duperie (délibérés, pour donner une impression favorable) par rapport à la consommation de cannabis auto-déclarée. Au travers de ce travail, nous cherchons à éclairer la complexité du rapport entre la consommation de cannabis et différentes psychopathologies, en mettant en évidence des nuances et des biais souvent négligés. L'objectif est de fournir des perspectives méthodologiques plus exhaustives et fiables, afin de contribuer à l’amélioration et la spécification des programmes de prévention et de prise en chargeCannabis is the most commonly used psychoactive substance among students in Europe and the United States. While associated with various psychopathological disorders, the nature and intensity of these interactions remain debated. While many countries are leaning towards its legalization (for either medical or recreational purposes), it's crucial to have the proper tools and knowledge to understand its psychological effects. However, current literature often focuses narrowly on consumption frequency or cannabis use disorders (CUD), as defined by its diagnostic criteria, underscoring the need for broader exploration. Therefore, we studied a wider range of variables to better understand the relationship between cannabis use and psychopathologies. Emphasis was also placed on methodology, considering ways to obtain the most reliable data. Each of our three studies aimed to address a question or fill a gap identified in our preliminary research. To identify new relevant variables, the first study examined how consumption context, primarily smoking mostly alone, affects the prevalence of CUD and depressive symptoms. The second looked into the influence of consumption forms, methods and timings of use on the prevalence of CUD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. Concerning the method, the third study investigated the link between self-deception biases (unconscious response distortion to protect self-esteem) and other-deception biases (deliberate response distortion to present oneself favorably) in relation to self-reported cannabis consumption. Through this work, we seek to shed light on the intricate relationship between cannabis use and various psychopathologies, highlighting often overlooked nuances and biases. Our goal is to provide more exhaustive and reliable methodological perspectives, in order to contribute to the improvement and specification of prevention and intervention programs
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Nesi, Elisângela Rovaris. "PDE: possibilidades e limites da formação teórico-metodológica dos professores de matemática do NRE/FB (2007-2013)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/976.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2015-11-24Inserted in the research line of Society, Knowledge and Education of the Master degree in Education of UNIOESTE - Francisco Beltrão, the research has as its object the training of mathematics teachers in Paraná Educational Development Program - PDE, from 2007 to 2013, linked to Regional Education Center of Francisco Beltrão - PR. In the face of hegemonic tendency of teacher training that emphasizes the formal and practical aspects rather than on theoretical training of teachers, the research seeks to answer the following issues: to what extent has the PDE provided a theoretical and methodological training? If so, in which perspective? The goal is to analyze in which level the PDE has enabled a theoretical and methodological training to the math teacher from the perspective of mathematics education established in the Curriculum Guidelines of Paraná. It aimed, specifically, through research: a) identify the actions taken by the PDE program related to the changes in the continuing training of teachers; b) understand the educational guidelines and routing of PDE / PR as a public policy of continuing training and the changes pointed by mathematics teachers; c) analyze the materials produced by PDE teachers: intervention projects, proposal of the pedagogical implementation and the scientific article, considering the proposal of the Curriculum Guidelines and mathematics education. The methodology used in this research is literature with content analysis, prescribing guidelines from Gil (2002) and Bardin (1977). The research is organized into three parts: the first part presents a discussion of the different educational movements of teacher training: the financial capital project that meets the dominant interests and the critical movements which implies the fight of education professionals for quality training that values the individuals and their interactions with the environment. The second part presents the proposal of a theoretical and methodological training of teachers in mathematics and its relations with scientific knowledge, the theoretical and didactic concepts covered in the Curriculum Guidelines focused on mathematics education and the relationships established throughout the Continued Training Program - PDE. An online questionnaire was used. It had open and closed questions which were sent to teachers by Google docs. The third part is made up of the analysis of the scientific production of PDE teachers and of research issue. The results show that the PDE enables conditions of changes in the theoretical and methodological training of participating teachers concerning the available time to study outside the classroom, return to university space with a guiding teacher of the IES for scientific production, the possibility of contact with other educators and their realities, by specific courses on this school subject and the ones related to the education field and financial aid for spending on training. Analysis of the material produced by the PDE's teachers shows that there are difficulties in articulating the proposed curriculum in mathematics education with the mathematical knowledge and pedagogical knowledge. Only two of the professionals in this research have achieved the theoretical and methodological development in mathematics, relating the DCE's with the teaching of mathematics through the PDE.
Inserida na linha de pesquisa Sociedade, Conhecimento e Educação, do Mestrado em Educação da UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, a pesquisa tem como objeto a formação dos professores de Matemática no Programa de Desenvolvimento Educacional do Paraná PDE, no período de 2007 a 2013, vinculados ao Núcleo Regional de Educação de Francisco Beltrão - PR. Diante da tendência hegemônica de formação de professores que enfatiza os aspectos formais e práticos, em detrimento da formação teórica do professor, a pesquisa busca responder à seguinte problemática: em que medida o PDE tem propiciado uma formação teórico-metodológica? Caso afirmativo, em que perspectiva? O objetivo é analisar em que medida o PDE possibilitou uma formação teórico-metodológica ao professor de Matemática na perspectiva da Educação Matemática, estabelecida nas Diretrizes Curriculares do Paraná. Objetivou-se, especificamente, por meio da pesquisa: a) identificar as ações desenvolvidas pelo programa PDE, relativas às mudanças na formação continuada de professores; b) compreender as diretrizes educativas e encaminhamento do PDE/PR, como política pública de formação continuada e as mudanças apontadas pelos professores de Matemática; c) analisar os materiais produzidos pelos professores PDE: Projetos de Intervenção, Proposta de Implementação Pedagógica e o Artigo Científico, considerando a proposta das Diretrizes Curriculares e a Educação Matemática. A metodologia aplicada nesta investigação é bibliográfica com análise de conteúdo, prescrevendo orientações de Gil (2002) e Bardin (1977). A pesquisa está organizada em três partes: na primeira parte se apresenta uma discussão sobre os diferentes movimentos educacionais de formação de professores: o projeto do capital que atende aos interesses dominantes e o dos movimentos críticos que implicam na luta dos profissionais da educação por uma formação de qualidade que valoriza o sujeito e suas interações com o meio. Na segunda parte apresenta-se a proposta de uma formação teórico-metodológica do professor em Matemática e suas relações com os conhecimentos científicos, os conceitos teóricos e didáticos abordados nas Diretrizes Curriculares, com foco na Educação Matemática e as relações estabelecidas ao longo do Programa de Formação Continuada PDE. Utiliza-se também um questionário on-line, com questões abertas e fechadas, enviadas aos professores pelo Google docs. A terceira parte constitui-se das análises da produção científica dos professores PDE e do problema de pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram que o PDE possibilita condições de mudança na formação teórico-metodológica dos professores participantes pela disponibilidade de tempo para estudos com o afastamento da sala de aula, pelo retorno ao espaço universitário, com um professor orientador da IES para a produção científica, pela possibilidade de contato com outros educadores e suas realidades, pelos cursos específicos da disciplina e os relacionados à área educacional e o auxílio financeiro para gastos com a formação. A análise do material produzido pelos professores PDE s demonstrou que há dificuldades em articular a proposta curricular em Educação Matemática com os conhecimentos matemáticos e o saber pedagógico. Apenas dois dos profissionais da pesquisa conseguiram atingir o desenvolvimento teórico-metodológico em Matemática, relacionando as DCE s com o ensino da Matemática, por meio do PDE.
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Sarem, Sarem. "Limited sampling strategies for estimation of cyclosporine exposure in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients : methodological improvement and introduction of sampling time deviation analysis." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13046.
Книги з теми "Methodological limits":
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Mayorova, Elena. Judicial-ecological examination. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1031595.
Анотація:
The manual includes a modern interpretation of the concept of judicial expertise, and the theoretical basis of forensic and ecological examination, containing a description of its subject, the definition of the scope of the tasks and the objects of expert research. Considered in detail the procedural and organisational issues of appointment and production of forensic-ecological expertise, order of registration of the conclusion outlined the limits of its use in the process of proof. Presents current methodological and conceptual apparatus of the system of examination of this kind, the problems of information support of expert studies.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Addressed to the bachelors of science areas of training associated with the assessment of the ecological state of the environment.
2
Peshkova, (Belogorceva), Svetlana Miroshnik, Sergey Zapol'skiy, Sergey Shohin, Ekaterina Kudryashova, Evgeniy Belikov, Andrey Ivanyuzhenko, et al. Sources and forms of law in modern financial and legal science. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1898398.
Анотація:
The monograph is devoted to the most urgent problems of the theory of sources and forms of financial law that require a new understanding in modern legal reality. The work was prepared by well-known scientists in the field of financial law science.
Special attention is paid to the content and limits of constitutional regulation of financial legal relations, constitutional norm control, the history of the formation of forms and sources of financial law, methodologically significant categories of financial law.
The problems of establishing legal institutions and sub—branches of financial law, as well as complex legal entities - banking law, insurance law, currency law - in regulatory legal acts are investigated.
The issues of formation of sources of legal regulation of money circulation and settlements, banking activities are considered.
The issues of sources of international financial law are revealed and the correlation of national and international financial and legal regulation is determined.
It is intended for researchers of research organizations, university professors, practitioners, students of law and financial universities, as well as anyone interested in the subject of financial and legal science.
3
Boland, Lawrence A. Limits of equilibrium methodology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.003.0008.
Анотація:
This chapter uses a dialogue between an ‘inquisitive student’ and an ‘economics teacher’ to expose a fundamental problem with how economics is taught at the introductory level. It illustrates the need to address the questions of equilibrium stability (does an equilibrium return if disturbed) and methodological individualism (the requirement that in an explanation of social events, ‘things don’t decide; only people do’). It also illustrates the inadequacy of what is taught in beginning economics classes. Specifically, if one has to assume the presence of an equilibrium to make any policy point, the validity of the point is always open to the criticism that it might not correspond to reality.
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Gottfredson, Michael, and Travis Hirschi. Modern Control Theory and the Limits of Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190069797.001.0001.
Анотація:
Modern Control Theory and the Limits of Criminal Justice updates and extends the authors’ classic general theory of crime (sometimes referred to as “self-control theory”). In Part I, contemporary evidence about the theory is summarized. Research from criminology, psychology, economics, education, and public health substantially supports the lifelong influence of self control as a significant cause of problem behaviors, including delinquency and crime, substance abuse, school problems, many forms of accidents, employment instability, and many poor health outcomes. Contemporary evidence is supportive of the theory’s focus on early socialization for creation of higher levels of self control and other dimensions of the theory, including the roles of self control, age and the generality or versatility of problem behaviors, as well as the connections between self control and later teen and adult problem behaviors. The book provides methodological assessments of research on the theory, contrasting the control theory perspective with other developmental perspectives in criminology. The role of opportunity, the relationship between self and social control theory, and the role of motivation are addressed. In Part II, control theory is taken to be a valid theory and is used to explore the role of criminal sanctions, especially policing and prisons, and policies about immigration, as methods to impact crime. Modern control theory provides an explanation for the general lack of effectiveness of formal, state sanctions on crime and instead provides substantial justification for prevention of delinquency and crime by a focus on childhood. The theory effectively demonstrates the limits of criminal sanctions and the connection between higher levels of self control and positive life-course outcomes.
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Ran, Hirschl. 4 From Comparative Constitutional Law to Comparative Constitutional Studies. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198714514.003.0005.
Анотація:
The chapter argues for an interdisciplinary approach to comparative constitutional inquiry that is methodologically and substantively preferable to doctrinal accounts. It suggests that for historical, analytical, and methodological reasons, maintaining the disciplinary divide between comparative constitutional law and other closely related disciplines that study various aspects of the same constitutional phenomena, artificially and unnecessarily limits our horizons and restricts the questions asked as well as the answers provided. Traditional disciplinary boundaries, both substantive and methodological, between comparative (public) law and the social sciences continue to impede the development of comparative constitutional studies as an ambitious, coherent, and theoretically advanced area of inquiry. By engaging in a dialogue with the social sciences, and political science in particular, comparative constitutional inquiries would go beyond the traditional realms of judicial review to consider extrajudicial factors such as judicial behaviour, the origins of constitutional change, constitutional design, and the real-life effects of constitutional jurisprudence.
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Boland, Lawrence A. Building models of price dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.003.0014.
Анотація:
This chapter introduces Part III of the book, addressing methodological issues involved in overcoming the limitations of equilibrium models discussed earlier. This chapter returns to the beginning with Arrow’s 1959 article and explores the need for an equilibrium model to explain the process whereby prices are adjusted to reach the equilibrium, and explores whether the approach of that article can overcome the limits of equilibrium models. It discusses exogenous convergence to equilibrium with forced learning and endogenous convergence to equilibrium with autonomous learning. It considers whether there can be closure through posited ignorance. It ends with a discussion of the problem of presuming the viability of the psychologistic version of methodological individualism.
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Boland, Lawrence A. Recognizing knowledge and learning in equilibrium models. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.003.0007.
Анотація:
This chapter introduces Part II, discussing the limits of equilibrium models. This chapter discusses how the recognition of time and information within models results in the need to deal with expectations explicitly. This leads to the problem of explaining nature of a decision maker’s knowledge – is it quantity-based or quality based. That is, is knowledge like wealth or like health. The chapter also provides a discussion of the main property that every neoclassical equilibrium must provide. Specifically, an equilibrium model’s explanation of economic events must not violate methodological individualism. The chapter criticizes the presumption that methodological individualism must be compatibility with a psychology-based model of the individual decision maker. Using a psychology-based model of the individual can undermine the idea of completely free choice, which was the original appeal of the equilibrium models.
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Symons, John. Brute Facts about Emergence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758600.003.0010.
Анотація:
This chapter explores the relationship between the concept of emergence, the goal of theoretical completeness, and the Principle of Sufficient Reason. Samuel Alexander and C. D. Broad argued for limits to the power of scientific explanation. Chemical explanation played a central role in their thinking. After Schrödinger’s work in the 1920s their examples seem to fall flat. However, there are more general lessons from the emergentists that need to be explored. There are cases where we know that explanation of some phenomenon is impossible. What are the implications of known limits to the explanatory power of science, and the apparent ineliminability of brute facts for emergence? One lesson drawn here is that we must embrace a methodological rather than a metaphysical conception of the Principle of Sufficient Reason.
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Frank, David M. Making Uncertainties Explicit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190467715.003.0005.
Анотація:
According to Richard Jeffrey’s value-free ideal, scientists should avoid making value judgments about inductive risks by offering explicit representations of scientific uncertainty to decision-makers, who can use these to make decisions according to their own values. Some philosophers have responded by arguing that higher-order inductive risks arise in the process of producing representations of uncertainty. This chapter explores this line of argument and its limits, arguing that the Jeffreyan value-free ideal is achievable in contexts where methodological decisions introduce minimal higher-order uncertainty and where communications of uncertainty are unlikely to be manipulated or misunderstood by scientists or decision-makers. This chapter illustrates the limits of the Jeffreyan ideal with reference to climate science and argues that the context of climate science is not conducive to the Jeffreyan ideal, so the argument that climate modeling is value-laden due to higher-order inductive risks withstands recent criticisms.
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Boland, Lawrence A. Building models of non-clearing markets. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.003.0015.
Анотація:
This chapter examines the extent to which Keynesian models can overcome the limits of equilibrium models without violating the methodological individualism that is required in all neoclassical equilibrium models. This chapter discusses an approach that involves a generalized version of Keynesian liquidity preference due to John Hicks. It goes beyond financial liquidity by recognizing the possible desirability of deliberate excess capacity. The generalized version involves endogenously deliberate disequilibria during which participants with incomplete knowledge of the market’s future are understood not to use all their resources, but to keep some in reserve thereby allowing flexibility in dealing with unforeseen circumstances.
Частини книг з теми "Methodological limits":
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Yoos, George E. "Methodological Liberalism and Its Limits." In Reframing Rhetoric, 65–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607514_8.
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Pitt, Joseph C. "The Limits of Knowledge; Mathematics and Methodological Principles." In Galileo, Human Knowledge, and the Book of Nature, 53–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2620-5_3.
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Green, Fergus. "13. Ecological Limits: Science, Justice, Policy, and the Good Life." In Having Too Much, 335–60. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0338.13.
Анотація:
Recent years have witnessed a revival of scientific, political and philosophical discourse concerning the notion of ecological limits. This article provides a conceptual overview of descriptive ecological limit claims—i.e. claims that there are real, biophysical limits—and reviews work in political and social philosophy in which such claims form the basis of proposals for normative limits. The latter are classified in terms of three broad types of normative theorising: distributive justice, institutional/legal reform, and the good life. Within these three categories, the article reviews normative proposals for limits on both aggregate‐level and individual‐level ecological exploitation. It also considers the relevance of political and ideological facts to the normative analysis of ecological limits, raising methodological questions about how normative theorists should respond to a world facing escalating ecological challenges.
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Affolter, Laura. "Studying Everyday Practice(s) in the SEM." In Asylum Matters, 27–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61512-3_2.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter explores what it means to study a bureaucracy at work. It outlines my methodological approach for analysing everyday practices in the SEM, the challenges I encountered during fieldwork as well as the methodological limits of this study. Building on Reckwitz’s (European Journal of Social Theory 5: 243–263, 2002) definition of practice, I argue that methodological triangulation and particularly participant observation—mostly in the form of following administrative caseworkers around in their daily work—are crucial for analysing both the discursive and non-discursive aspects of practices. Yet, at the same time, following Hitchings (Area 44: 61–67, 2012), I challenge the claim made by some authors that discursive methods are methodologically unfitting for researching practices from a practice theoretical perspective. Rather, I argue that people’s retrospective descriptions of past events, their explicit knowledge of rules and norms and particularly their capacity to reflect on why they do what they do provide us with valuable insights into everyday practice.
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Chernoff, Fred. "Methodological Pluralism and the Limits of Naturalism in the Study of Politics." In Theory and Evidence in Comparative Politics and International Relations, 107–41. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607507_5.
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Weber, Urs. "Funeral Reforms in Taiwan: Insights on Change from a Discourse Analytic Perspective." In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation, 257–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_11.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter examines how Taiwan’s written media justified the state’s introduction of funeral reforms in the second half of the twentieth century. Situating this case study within the broader sociopolitical context of contemporary Taiwan, it illustrates how discourse analysis can be used as a tool for studying change. The state-led reforms induced changes in a field in which religious rituals play an important role, as state authorities operated with priorities differing from ritual practice. Instead, they were concerned with measures for land saving and popularized practices such as cremation or natural burials. The discourse analysis reveals that the justifications brought forward for reforms appeared with a high degree of consistency starting from the late 1970s in Taiwanese press articles. Following Michel Foucault’s understanding of discursive formations, four sub-formations can be distinguished, which all have in common that they are aimed at problematizing ritual practices prevalent at funerals. These sub-formations consisted of considerations concerning the quantitative limits of available cemetery land for graves, arguments referring to the economic advantages of cremation, articulations of the ideal of green cemeteries designed in a park-like fashion, and a critique of geomancy in labeling it superstitious. The discursive voices emerging in the sub-formations were state and local authorities, as well as experts and journalists commenting on reform measures. These priorities and justifications for reforms appeared to be incompatible with religious funeral rituals and are analyzed as changes in terms of a secularization process of Taiwan’s funerary practice. An important finding is that the secular reform measures were, to a large extent, inspired by similar reforms in other regions in the world, and are as such part of a global pattern.
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Falkenburg, Brigitte. "Mechanistic Explanations in Physics: History, Scope, and Limits." In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 191–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46917-6_10.
Анотація:
AbstractDespite the scientific revolutions of the twentieth century, mechanistic explanations show a striking methodological continuity from early modern science to current scientific practice. They are rooted in the traditional method of analysis and synthesis, which was the background of Galileo’s resolutive-compositive method and Newton’s method of deduction from the phenomena. In early modern science as well as in current scientific practice, analysis aims at tracking back from the phenomena to the principles, i.e., from wholes to parts, and from effects to causes. Vice versa, synthesis aims at explaining the phenomena from the parts and their interactions. Today, mechanistic explanations are atomistic in a generalized sense. They have in common to explain higher-level phenomena in terms of lower-level components and their causal actions or activities. In quantum physics, the lower-level components are subatomic particles, and the causes are their quantum interactions. After the quantum revolution, the approach continues to work in terms of the sum rules which hold for conserved properties of the parts and the whole. My paper focuses on the successes and limitations of this approach, with a side glance at the recent generalization of mechanistic explanations in cognitive neuroscience.
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Andreu-Hayles, Laia, Mathieu Lévesque, Rossella Guerrieri, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Christian Körner. "Limits and Strengths of Tree-Ring Stable Isotopes." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 399–428. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_14.
Анотація:
AbstractThis chapter aims at summarizing strengths and caveats on the suitability of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in tree rings as recorders for fingerprints of environmental influences. First, environmental constraints limiting tree growth and shaping tree species distribution worldwide are discussed. Second, examples are presented for environmental conditions under which tree-ring isotopes record environmental signals particularly well, but also cases where physiological processes can mask climate signals. Third, the link between leaf-level carbon assimilation and the investment of assimilates in the stem during the annual ring formation are discussed in light of the resulting deviations of the isotopic values between leaves and tree rings. Finally, difficulties and pitfalls in the interpretation of stable isotope signals in tree rings are reviewed. These problems often result from a poor understanding of when and how the tree canopy, stems and roots are physiologically interconnected. Current literature suggests that photosynthesis and radial growth are only loosely coupled, if at all, challenging the interpretation of environmental signals recorded in tree-ring isotopes. Harsh environmental conditions (e.g. low temperatures, drought) often result in a decoupling of carbon assimilation and growth. The chapter closes by providing possible solutions on how to improve the detection of environmental information from stable isotope signals by integrating scales and different methodological approaches.
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Petralia, Giuseppe. "Storie di strutture: note intorno a una lettera di Violante a Tabacco." In Reti Medievali E-Book, 241–56. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-423-6.14.
Анотація:
What are the limits of a history of structures? Can we aspire to a total or global history? In a letter to Giovanni Tabacco from 1980, discovered by Gian Maria Varanini, Cinzio Violante expressed his dissatisfactions as a historian, in a period in which he renewed his methodological ideas, with new research and broad summary visions. The problems of Violante and Tabacco are still relevant nowadays, while their dialogue is the sign of a generation united by a way of being historians that became the intellectual and moral commitment of entire existences.
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Sodeika, Tomas. "The Ingarden-Husserl Controversy: The Methodological Status of Consciousness in Phenomenology and the Limits of the Human Condition." In Man within His Life-World, 209–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2587-8_10.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Methodological limits":
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Brenncke, Martin. "THE LIMITS OF JUDICIAL POWER IN ENGLAND AND GERMANY: A COMPARATIVE METHODOLOGICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE." In 2nd Law & Political Science Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/lpc.2018.002.002.
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Vagapov, Nikita. "Practical application of the Monte Carlo method to determine steady-state stability limits of power systems." In RUDENKO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN RELIABILITY STUDY OF LARGE ENERGY SYSTEMS” (RSES 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114095.
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Saneev, B. G., A. V. Lagerev, and V. N. Khanaeva. "Assessment of the impact of greenhouse gas (CO2) emission limits on the innovative development of thermal power plants by regions of Russia: Methodological approach and research findings." In RUDENKO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN RELIABILITY STUDY OF LARGE ENERGY SYSTEMS” (RSES 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117959.
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Badra, Jihad, Fethi Khaled, Meng Tang, Yuanjiang Pei, Janardhan Kodavasal, Pinaki Pal, Opeoluwa Owoyele, Carsten Fuetterer, Mattia Brenner, and Aamir Farooq. "Engine Combustion System Optimization Using CFD and Machine Learning: A Methodological Approach." In ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7238.
Анотація:
Abstract Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engines are considered an attractive alternative to traditional spark-ignition and diesel engines. In this work, a Machine Learning-Grid Gradient Algorithm (ML-GGA) approach was developed to optimize the performance of internal combustion engines. Machine learning (ML) offers a pathway to transform complex physical processes that occur in a combustion engine into compact informational processes. The developed ML-GGA model was compared with a recently developed Machine learning Genetic Algorithm (ML-GA). Detailed investigations of optimization solver parameters and variables limits extension were performed in the present ML-GGA model to improve the accuracy and robustness of the optimization process. Detailed descriptions of the different procedures, optimization tools and criteria that must be followed for a successful output are provided here. The developed ML-GGA approach was used to optimize the operating conditions (case 1) and the piston bowl design (case 2) of a heavy-duty diesel engine running on a gasoline fuel with a Research Octane Number (RON) of 80. The ML-GGA approach yielded > 2% improvements in the merit function, compared to the optimum obtained from a thorough computational fluid dynamics (CFD) guided system optimization. The predictions from the ML-GGA approach were validated with engine CFD simulations. This study demonstrates the potential of ML-GGA to significantly reduce the time needed for optimization problems, without loss in accuracy compared to traditional approaches.
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Coatane´a, Eric, Bernard Yannou, Sauli Honkala, Tanja Saarelainen, Petri Makkonen, and Antti Lajunen. "Measurement Theory and Dimensional Analysis: Methodological Impact on the Comparison and Evaluation Process." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34364.
Анотація:
Comparison and ranking of solutions are central tasks of the design process. Designers have to deal with decisions simultaneously involving multiple criteria. Those criteria are often inconsistent in the sense that they are expressed according to different types of metrics. This means that usual engineering performance indicators are expressed according to physical quantities (i.e. SI system) and indicators such as preference functions can be “measured” by using other type of qualitative metrics. This aspect limits the scientific consistency of design because a coherent scientific framework will at first require the creation of a unified list of fundamental properties. A combined analysis of the measurement theory, the General Design Theory (GDT) and the dimensional analysis theory give an interesting insight in order to create guidelines for establishing a coherent measurement system. This article establishes a list of fundamental requirements. We expect that these guidelines can help engineers and designers to be more aware of the drawbacks linked with the use of wrong comparison procedures and limitations associated with the use of weak measurement scales. This article makes an analysis of the fundamental aspects available in major scientific publications related to comparison, provides a synthesis of these basic concepts and unifies those concepts together from a designing perspective. A practical design methodology using the fundamental results of this article as prerequisites has been implemented by the authors.
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ZARHBOUChH, Benaissa. "Cyber psychology and the Problematic of Experimentation Between the Real World and the Virtual World." In VII. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress7-5.
Анотація:
Communication technology has evolved and created a new environment that affects the individual’s personality and relationships. To understand this new reality, alongside the real world or within it, cyberpsychology has evolved with its methodological and technical specificities to study the processes of thinking, action and communication, both individual and collective. It aims to understand the patterns of behavioral, cognitive and emotional interactions between humans and computers, and between humans mediated by computers. When the classical experimental research relied on examining how an independent variable affects a dependent variable, directly or through intermediate variables, in a natural environment or in a laboratory, the virtual world has become a third environment that imposes itself in the experiment. If the classical problematic in psychology is to understand the effects of nature and the environment on individual behavior, then with the development of the virtual world, the environment has become two: realistic and virtual. Thus, the duality of nature and environment has become a subject of epistemological questioning in its cognitive and methodological dimensions. Based on that, we ask about the appropriate research methods to study human behavior in a technically and digitally connected environment. We also question the objectivity of measurement tools and experimental results between the real and virtual worlds, especially with the absence of time, space and gravity in the virtual world, and the presence of avatars as a fundamental element. What are the limits of conducting experimental studies in a virtual environment? What are its methodological and technical characteristics? Will the subject respond in these studies as an avatar or as a realistic person? Can the results be generalized to both environments?
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Tutberidze, Gocha, and Gocha Ugulava. "Challenges and New Approaches to Measuring Human Capital." In Human Capital, Institutions, Economic Growth. Kutaisi University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/c.2023.11.1.
Анотація:
Human capital development is a product of complex and long-term integration of economic and social processes. Despite the variety of approaches in the economic literature regarding the processes of formation and use of human capital, the theoretical-methodological approaches used in the analysis of its impact on economic growth are imperfect, have many shortcomings, the obtained theoretical conclusions are not unequivocally supported by empirical data. In this regard, one of the most important problems of economic science is the development of theoretical and methodological approaches to analyze the mechanisms of influence of human capital. There is a need to develop and justify approaches to measuring and quantifying human capital. The work broadly reviews the evolution of the concept of human capital in the history of economic thought, analyzes in detail the difficulties associated with the measurement and accounting of human capital, shows in modern conditions, in practice, what methods are implemented to calculate it. As a result of research, a theoretical model has been developed, its assumptions have been determined. Instead of traditional methodological methods, the research methodology assumes the use of inductive, data-driven approach. Issues of variable specification are justified. Accents are concentrated on the qualitative indicators of the development of education and science. Dimensionality reduction machine learning algorithms and techniques, strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed to calculate their aggregated single rate. As a result of the analysis, specific methods are selected and the conditions and limits of their use are given. One of the obstacles to the practical implementation of the existing approach is the availability of the necessary data, depending on the countries and periods under study. Overcoming the mentioned problem consists in obtaining and replacing data with similar content, transforming and modifying similar data, or using them in a synthetic-analytical way or using other statistical methods. The presented methodology is general and thus allows for this. At the next stage of the research, the practical approbation of the presented approach is provided - the calculation of human capital indicators, the analysis of their relative and dynamic changes over time, the establishment of interrelationships with the indicators of institutional development and economic growth. Article in Georgian.
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Dobrucká, Lucia, Martin Maštálka, and Vladimíra Šilhánková. "Strategické řízení portfolia nemovitostí ve vlastnictví českých měst – Rešerše vědecké literatury." In XXVI. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0311-2023-43.
Анотація:
Czech cities own the portfolios of various real estates which need to be not only managed but strategically optimised and developed as well. However, public sector in the Czech Republic lacks methodological guidance for portfolio strategies, and cities use systems that are out-of-date. To fill the gap, authors provided the search of scientific literature concerning the strategic management of real estate portfolios owned by cities, both within the Czech Republic and world-wide. No relevant scientific literature was found in the context of the Czech Republic, and searching the Scopus database showed that this issue was neglected internationally. Only 52 texts (articles, books, and conference papers) could be connected to the topic, of which only 24 outputs related to the researched issue directly. None of the findings concerned the strategic management of real estate portfolios owned by cities in the Czech Republic. Moreover, findings did not show any common point in terms of keywords, territorial affiliation, or time limits. The topic seems to be heavily neglected; which makes it relevant for systematic scientific considerations and research.
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Cortellazzo, Laura, Sara Bonesso, and Fabrizio Gerli. "Combining experimentation and reflection techniques in behavioral competency development programs: A learning approach based on journaling and peer coaching." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.12946.
Анотація:
Behiavioral competencies are key determinants of individual performance and literature has recently started to devote attention on those methodological approaches that can effectively promote their development. According to Dewey, individuals do not learn from experience, but they learn from reflecting on experience. In this paper, we draw on the Dewey’s idea and we investigate if reflective practices through journaling and peer coaching can improve the learning experience of individuals engaged in a competency development program. After introducing the prior research that emphasized the positive impact of these two reflective techniques, the paper illustrates how journaling and peer coaching has been introduced as a part of a competency development program. Preliminary insights from the empirical case show that self-directed learning requires a reflection process that helps individuals to better understand their current behavior, their progresses, and opportunities for change. Journaling was found especially useful to increase one’s self-awareness and self-confidence, whereas peer coaching allowed students create a social bond, share their experiences and receive a direct feedback from a peer. The paper also illustrates the limits of these reflective practices, discussing the interventions that can be implemented to maximize their learning benefits.
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Kushnir, E. "Effect of Machine Tool Structure Dynamic on Machine Cutting Performances." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79769.
Анотація:
Quality of machine tool structure is defined by it static and dynamic compliance. The effect of static stiffness at part shape and machine productivity is one of the reasons that structure static stiffness is used as a main criterion in machine design. The machine dynamic stiffness or compliance directly effect roundness (for example, profile of cross section in turning), surface finish, and indirectly tool life and life of machine components. These effects are defined by structure resistance to transmit vibration in cutting zone or other points of interest in machine tool structure. Dynamic compliance defines accuracy of machining, because it stipulates how machine response to any exciting force, occurring inside and outside machine structure. Dynamic compliance limits the productivity of cutting because it defines maximum depth of cut that may be achieved at a machine in particular set up. The goal of dynamic analysis is to find parameters of the structure that have dominant effect at it dynamic compliance and improve structure based at this information. Usually dynamic analyses required more complicated methodological approach because of coupling between different modes of vibration. The methodology of dynamic analysis of machine tool is illustrated by analysis of mobile spindle module and turning center. The obtained theoretical results are compared with actual testing data.
Звіти організацій з теми "Methodological limits":
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Donovan, Michael G., and Jolyne Sanjak. A Methodological Framework for Comparative Land Governance Research in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009291.
Анотація:
Strengthening land governance is critically needed in Latin America and the Caribbean to protect the environment, achieve gender equality in land rights, expand the transparency of land records, and facilitate planned urban growth. Inadequate land administration limits the development of housing markets, tax collection, and the scale and speed of housing and land regularization programs in low-income communities. The region faces major challenges in land tenure informality and overlapping mandates for titling, mapping, and registration. In response to these issues, this technical note identifies the gaps in land governance information for five Latin American and Caribbean countries (Barbados, Brazil, Ecuador, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago), and provides a comparative methodological framework for field research in these countries. The annex provides Spanish and Portuguese translations of the questionnaire, which includes new questions absent from existing tools, such as the World Bank's Land Governance Assessment Framework and USAID's Blueprint for Strengthening Real Property Rights.
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Andresen, Jens-Bjørn R., and Søren M. Kristiansen. Historic maps as source for hydrological reconstruction of pre-industrial landscape wetness in Denmark: a methodological study. Det Kgl. Bibliotek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.491.
Анотація:
Historic maps are an important primary source which can be utilized in the reconstruction of environmental variables of the pre-industrial landscape. However, methodological constraints have hitherto prevented large scale and systematic approaches. In this paper a novel methodology is presented, which documents the usefulness of the maps in the study of paleo-hydrology and thus serves a better understanding of the conditions for agricultural production under pre-drainage conditions. The methodology is developed based on eighteenth and nineteenth century maps from a 100 km2 study area in one stream catchment in East Jutland, Denmark. It combines information from two types of historic maps in order to correlate computed soil hydrology (wetness index) and recorded historic land-use. The calculated wetness indexes are derived from contour lines on topographic (military) maps (in Danish: Høje Maalebordsblade), whereas the spatial overlays are land-use classes from economic maps (in Danish: Matrikelkort - Original 1). This study demonstrates – for the first time - that the wetness index is explanatory for the agricultural suitable/non-suitable dichotomy (tilled land versus “wetland”: meadows, fens, and peat bogs) on the historic economic maps. Furthermore, the study shows that pre-industrial arable areas were stretched to their limits in respect to cropping wet soils in this agricultural dominated landscape. The study confirms the existing belief that the historic economic maps constitute the best available source of these mosaic-landscapes for periods before the intense subsurface tile drainage began. This finding opens for further methodological development and up-scaling using automatic feature detection, contour line extraction and text recognition of historical maps.
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Herbert, Sian. Reducing Criminal Violence Through Public Sector-led Multisectoral Approaches. Institute of Development Studies, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.043.
Анотація:
The last decades have seen increased consensus for the need to understand and address violence through a public health approach, and a preventative approach, as embodied by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16. This necessitates a multi-sector and multi-stakeholder approach, yet poor governance continues to threaten progress on this agenda. Many policy approaches to urban violence tend to take an approach that is either place-based; people-based; or behaviour-based and include a range of initiatives. The INSPIRE initiative is a key global response to tackling violence against women (VAW) and violence against children (VAC) A multisector approach is needed to address the complexity and multifactorial origins of violence. Yet multisector engagement can complicate institutional responses due to different goals, concepts, instruments, etc. Increased collaboration and joined-up approaches across government departments have led to changes in institutions and approaches. The literature base on violence prevention initiatives is varied and uneven across the different types of violence, e.g. with more literature available on interventions focussed on interpersonal and urban violence compared to organised crime-related violence. Evaluations are limited and face many methodological challenges (Cuesta & Alda, 2021) – e.g. the scale and complexity of violence limits the extent to which interventions can be rigorously evaluated or comparable, and most focus on interventions in the Global North. Most importantly, the literature base for this specific question – focussed on the wider institutional context and lessons for a multisectoral approach – is very limited, as most of the available literature focusses on lessons relating to the outcomes of the interventions. In line with the operational focus of this paper, this review draws mainly on practitioner and policy publications. The approaches, interventions, and lessons detailed below are illustrative and are not comprehensive of the many complex lessons relating to this broad area of programming.
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Khrushch, Nila, Pavlo Hryhoruk, Tetiana Hovorushchenko, Sergii Lysenko, Liudmyla Prystupa, and Liudmyla Vahanova. Assessment of bank's financial security levels based on a comprehensive index using information technology. [б. в.], October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4474.
Анотація:
The article considers the issues of assessing the level of financial security of the bank. An analysis of existing approaches to solving this problem. A scientific and methodological approach based on the application of comprehensive assessment technology is proposed. The computational algorithm is presented in the form of a four-stage procedure, which contains the identification of the initial data set, their normalization, calculation of the partial composite indexes, and a comprehensive index of financial security. Results have interpretation. Determining the levels of financial security and the limits of the relevant integrated indicator is based on the analysis of the configuration of objects in the two-scale space of partial composite indexes, which is based on the division of the set of initial indicators by content characteristics. The results of the grouping generally coincided with the results of the banks ranking according to the rating assessment of their stability, presented in official statistics. The article presents the practical implementation of the proposed computational procedure. To automate calculations and the possibility of scenario modeling, an electronic form of a spreadsheet was created with the help of form controls. The obtained results allowed us to identify the number of levels of financial security and their boundaries.
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Nechypurenko, Pavlo, Tetiana Selivanova, and Maryna Chernova. Using the Cloud-Oriented Virtual Chemical Laboratory VLab in Teaching the Solution of Experimental Problems in Chemistry of 9th Grade Students. [б. в.], June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3175.
Анотація:
The article discusses the importance of the skills of primary school students to solve experimental problems in chemistry and the conditions for the use of virtual chemical laboratories in the process of the formation of these skills. The concept of “experimental chemical problem” was analyzed, classifications were considered, and methodological conditions for using experimental chemical problems in the process of teaching chemistry were described. The essence of the concept of “virtual chemical laboratories” is considered and their main types, advantages and disadvantages that define the methodically reasonable limits of the use of these software products in the process of teaching chemistry, in particular, to support the educational chemical experiment are described. The capabilities of the virtual chemical laboratory VLab to support the process of solving experimental problems in chemistry in grade 9 have been determined. The main advantages and disadvantages of the virtual chemical laboratory VLab on the modeling of chemical processes necessary for the creation of virtual experimental problems in chemistry are analyzed. The features of the virtual chemical laboratory VLab, the essence of its work and the creation of virtual laboratory work in it are described. The results of the study is the development of a set of experimental tasks in chemistry for students in grade 9 on the topic “Solutions” in the cloud-oriented virtual chemical laboratory VLab.
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Bravo, Gonzalo, María Fernanda Arriagada, Alejandra Fuentes, and Hector Ignacio Castellucci. Methodological considerations in the study of Perceived Discrimination at Work: A Scoping Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0009.
Анотація:
Review question / Objective:How has perceived discrimination been studied in a work context? Eligibility criteria: Participants: This review will consider those articles that have investigated perceived discrimination by workers and its association with health or occupational outcomes. Concept: The concept that guides this review is “perceived work discrimination”. Therefore, those studies where the term "perceived discrimination" is explicitly declared will be included, as well as those studies that do not explicitly declare the term, but through reading the methodology it is possible to verify that the workers were consulted if they felt discriminated against. Context: Only studies in occupational contexts will be included. Therefore, those studies in patients, students or in the general population will be excluded. Included studies will not be limited by sample location. In addition, those studies that are not original articles (reviews, congress presentations, books, etc.) and in languages other than English or Spanish will be excluded.
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Avis, William. Electric Vehicle Uptake and Health. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.032.
Анотація:
This rapid literature review summarises evidence on the relationship between electric car uptake and health. The review found a limited but emerging evidence base derived predominantly from studies exploring the issue in the United States (US), China and Europe. The evidence base provides a mixed and complex picture given the heterogeneity of methodological approaches and contextual analyses to assessing impact.
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Barquet, Karina, Lisa Segnestam, and Sarah Dickin. MapStakes: a tool for mapping, involving and monitoring stakeholders in co-creation processes. Stockholm Environment Insitute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.014.
Анотація:
Despite widespread use of stakeholder approaches in environmental research, the tools and methodologies for mapping and involving actors are not particularly robust. Existing approaches can lead to methodological ambiguity, limited transparency in the process of stakeholder selection, and lack of robustness when monitoring and evaluating these processes. To respond to these challenges, we developed a tool for increasing objectivity of stakeholder mapping, engagement, and monitoring of co-creation processes. The tool provides a stepwise approach for users with little or no experience of participatory methods.
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Naddafi, Rahmat, Göran Sundblad, Alfred Sandström, Lachlan Fetterplace, Jerker Vinterstare, Martin Ogonowski, and Nataliia Kulatska. Developing management goals and associated assessment methods for Sweden’s nationally managed fish stocks : a project synthesis. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.31cfjep2i0.
Анотація:
This report summarizes and synthesizes results from the Swedish Agency of Marine and Water Management (SwAM, or HaV) funded project “Förvaltningsmål för nationella arter (Management goals for nationally managed species)”. The objectives of the project have been to promote the development of management goals and associated status assessment methods and indicators, as well as reference points, for some nationally managed fish stocks both in coastal as well as freshwater areas. The report focusses largely on species and stocks that can be defined as data-poor. Such stocks are characterised by marked limitations in data availability and/or resources allocated to detailed analytical stock projections. Data-poor stocks also often lack carefully formulated management goals and associated methods and indicators for assessing stock status. In this report, we provide an overview of potential assessment methods and indicators and try to synthesise how they work and what the strengths and weaknesses are by applying them to selected data poor stocks such as pikeperch, pike, whitefish, and vendace. We also discuss how they relate to different potential management goals and provide recommendations for their application. We grouped the indicators and assessment methods by the three categories that are now used in the yearly status assessment framework provided by SLU Aqua (Resursöversikten/Fiskbarometern) – i) mortality, ii) abundance/biomass and iii) size/age structure. The results are also described for these three main categories of assessment indicators. Included is also a status report from a size- and age-based population dynamics model (Stock Synthesis 3) that is being developed for pikeperch in Lake Hjälmaren. An important experience from the project is that to improve the assessment methods for Swedish national fish stocks, it is important that managers develop both general as well as more detailed quantitative goals for the individual stocks. This should ideally be conducted in various forms of collaboration with the main stakeholders and scientists involved with assessment as participatory processes foster legitimacy. Carefully articulated management goals, which are possible to translate into quantitative targets, will facilitate the development of various approaches and methods to monitor stock statuses. Given the strong and complex interactions of fish and their environments it is also important to consider other pressures than fisheries when developing indicators and assessment methods. Our synthesis highlights a number of areas where the assessment of data-poor stocks can be improved: 1. Apply precautionary principles for data-limited stocks, particularly ones that are known to be vulnerable to exploitation. 2. Tailor approaches to how fisheries are managed in Sweden. Swedish nationally managed fish stocks are not managed by quotas (with one exception, vendace in the Bothnian Bay) and do not aim for maximum sustainable yield. Instead, the coastal and inland fisheries are managed by regulating the effort in the small-scale commercial fisheries (number of fishers/licenses and amount of gear). Regulation of recreational and subsistence fisheries effort, in terms of licenses or number of fishers) is not applied, nor possible since the fisheries is lacking obligatory notification and reporting systems. All national fisheries, however, are regulated by various technical measures (closed areas, size-limits, bag-limits, gear restrictions etc). Thus, goals and assessment methods that result in harvest limits or quota recommendations expressed in e.g. biomass/numbers are difficult to use as basis for management. Instead, there is a need for alternative management goals and associated assessment methods. 3. Use best practice methods and indicators and adapt as scientific knowledge is developed. Data-limited methods are developing rapidly, and new methods/approaches are proposed in the scientific literature every year. It is thus important to be updated on the most recent developments. 4. Clearly describe limitations/assumptions of methods used. It is important to be aware of and critically evaluate the assumptions underlying the analyses, and to carefully communicate uncertainty together with the stock status assessment. 5. Be particularly careful with low sample numbers. Many indicators and methods can be applied also on small sample sizes, however, the accuracy and precision of the estimates risk being low in such cases. 6. Accept that there is no "gold standard" for fisheries assessment. Each case study is unique and needs to be balanced against data availability, local needs and other important factors. This also means that analysts need to be careful when using generic reference levels or “borrowing” data from other stocks. 7. If possible, use several different methods/indicators. Although several indicators aim to measure similar aspects of the stock, small methodological differences can support the overall interpretation of individual indicator values. It is particularly important to incorporate many aspects and indicators (size/age/abundance/mortality) in order to produce a balanced assessment. 8. Develop means of communication. Indicators and goals should be easy to understand. However, interpretation of results from multi-indicator frameworks can be challenging. There is thus a need for finding ways of communication that can convey complicated results in a simple-to-understand manner. 9. For details on additional improvements, we refer the reader to the sub-header “recommendations for the future” found under each chapter. The implementation of Stock Synthesis for pikeperch in Lake Hjälmaren showed that it is possible to develop a more ambitious and detailed stock assessment model for a relatively data-poor stock. The model results partly support earlier interpretations of the development of the stock and the importance of the changes in regulations in 2001 (increased minimum size, increased mesh size and reduced mortality of undersized pikeperch). Before the model can be implemented and used for practical management, a number of actions for improvement are needed, which are highlighted in the relevant chapter. The most important next step is establishing management goals and reference levels for this stock. We recommend that such a dialogue is initiated by managers. The fisheries management goals should consider both biomass, fisheries mortality and size-based targets. To conclude, we stress the importance of improving all ongoing aspects related to the assessments of data-poor Swedish stocks. Strong local stocks and sustainable fisheries are vital for a variety of fisheries-related businesses and practices, particularly in rural areas, providing economical and societal value. Fishes also have important roles in aquatic food-webs and it is important that ecological values are managed wisely in order to reach targets for water quality, ecosystem structure and diversity. Given the strong and complex interactions of fish and their environments it is also important to consider other pressures than fisheries when developing indicators and assessment methods.
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Ddiba, Daniel, Mahboubeh Rahmati Abkenar, and Carla Liera. Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Sanitation and Wastewater Management Systems: A Review of Method Features, Past Applications and Facilitating Factors for Researchers, Practitioners and Other Stakeholders. Stockholm Environment Institute, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2024.030.
Анотація:
This report presents an analysis of seven categories of enclosure-based and open methods described previously, and discusses their applicability across different sanitation and wastewater management technologies and geographical contexts. The report’s findings, based on a scoping literature review and interviews with a selection of experts, highlight key methodological gaps and opportunities for innovation. The findings reveal the predominant use of enclosure-based methods, such as static and flow-through flux chambers, which, despite their widespread adoption, are constrained by scale limitations and potential for measurement disturbances. In contrast, emerging methodologies like optical methods and remote sensing offer new avenues for broadscale, high-resolution emissions monitoring but are currently limited by their high cost and technical demands. With this report, the authors advocate for a holistic approach to greenhouse gas measurement in the sanitation and wastewater sector, emphasizing the need for adaptable methodologies that can be tailored to the varied conditions of sanitation systems worldwide. They call for enhanced collaboration among researchers, policymakers and practitioners to foster methodological advancements and standardization, thereby enabling more effective and widespread empirical data collection. Furthermore, the report underscores the critical importance of increased funding and capacity-building efforts to democratize access to advanced measurement techniques.