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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Method of the effective permeability"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Method of the effective permeability"

Zhang, Xiaolong, Jianjun Liu, and Jiecheng Song. "Optimization Algorithm of Effective Stress Coefficient for Permeability." Energies 14, no. 24 (2021): 8345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248345.

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The effective stress coefficient for permeability is a significant index for characterizing the variation in permeability with effective stress. The realization of its accuracy is essential for studying the stress sensitivity of oil and gas reservoirs. The determination of the effective stress coefficient for permeability can be mainly evaluated using the cross-plotting or response surface method. Both methods preprocess experimental data and preset a specific function relation, resulting in deviation in the calculation results. To improve the calculation accuracy of the effective stress coefficient for permeability, a 3D surface fitting calculation method was proposed according to the linear effective stress law and continuity hypothesis. The statistical parameters of the aforementioned three methods were compared, and the results showed that the three-dimensional (3D) surface fitting method had the advantages of a high correlation coefficient, low root mean square error, and low residual error. The principal of using the 3D surface fitting method to calculate the effective stress coefficient of permeability was to evaluate the influence of two independent variables on a dependent variable by means of a 3D nonlinear regression. Therefore, the method could be applied to studying the relationship between other physical properties and effective stress.

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Zhiming, Wang, Yang Gang, and Zhang Jian. "A New Coal Permeability Prediction Method Based on Experiment and Dimension Analysis." SPE Journal 19, no. 03 (2013): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/162940-pa.

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Summary This paper aims to investigate the effect of temperature and effective stress on coal permeability. Through the experiment, we find a reversal phenomenon in which the coal permeability presents different change trends as temperature increases at two sides of the reverse point. The term “critical effective stress” refers to the effective stress at the reverse point. When effective stress is lower than the critical effective stress, the outward expansion effect of the coal block caused by grain and gas swell is greater than compaction effect as temperature increases under low effective stress condition. Therefore, the coal expands primarily outward, which results in fissure opening and permeability increase. When effective stress is higher than the critical effective stress, high effective stress limits the coal's outward expansion. The coal expands inward with increasing temperature, thus causing fissure closure and permeability decrease. On the basis of dimension analysis and regression analysis, combined with experimental data, this paper develops a high-precision semitheoretical coal permeability model of Qinshui basin in China. Simultaneously, what this paper presents is a permeability prediction method: measuring coal core permeability and performing dimension analysis and regression analysis. With this work done, we can establish a similar permeability model suitable for other target zones. Thus, the analytical method presented in this paper provides a basis for coal permeability prediction.

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Wei, Xi. "The Research of Production Split Using Well Logging and Well Testing Method." Advanced Materials Research 915-916 (April 2014): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.915-916.1438.

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The most popular method to split the production is mainly based on permeability and effective thickness of reservoir. In this general method, the permeability comes from the well logging interpretation. But this permeability can not reflect the flow characteristics of real fluid in the reservoir. In this paper, a new production split method is proposed considering the well logging method, the well test method and relative permeability curve. It is proved to be reliable and effective after cases study. It is worth to promote in oilfields.

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Wang, Ke Liang, Jin Yu Li, Lei Lei Zhang, Xue Li, Guo Qiang Fu, and Wei Liang Li. "Injection Method of SJT-B Collosol in the Low Permeability Reservoir." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.340.

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Profile control and flooding technique is an effective way to enhance the oil recovery of low permeability reservoir.Analyzing the relation between oil and water interface and determining injection volume under different concentration is the key to success in profile controlling and flooding in low permeability reservoir .The research is about SJT-B collosol of physicochemical property under normal pressure and temperature.We also carry on the study on measuring SJT-B collosol interfacial tension for a long time under different concentration.Besides, we conduct the plugging degree experiment by injecting SJT-B collosol with the concentration of 0.8% in different permeability core.The lower the core permeability, the higher the plugging degree. By optimizing the injection pattern we conduct the three-tube parallel profile control and flooding experiment in the low permeability heterogeneous core.It indicates that SJT-B collosol mainly access to high permeability layer and have an effective plugging effect .The absorbed liquid rate of medium permeability layer is increased apparently ,while low permeability layer is increased slightly.The SJT-B collosol of injection method has efficient effect on enhancing the oil recovery of low permeability reservoir in late water flooding.

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Cramer, David D., and Mark A. Songer. "Batch-Mix Fracturing: An Effective Method of Stimulating Moderate-Permeability Reservoirs." SPE Production Engineering 5, no. 04 (1990): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17500-pa.

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McCarthy, J. F. "Effective permeability of sandstone-shale reservoirs by a random walk method." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 23, no. 9 (1990): L445—L451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/23/9/008.

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Teimoori, Ahmad, Zhixi Chen, Sheik S. Rahman, and Thanh Tran. "Effective Permeability Calculation Using Boundary Element Method in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs." Petroleum Science and Technology 23, no. 5-6 (2005): 693–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/lft-200033029.

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Nœtinger, Benoît. "Computing the effective permeability of log-normal permeability fields using renormalization methods." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 331, no. 5 (2000): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(00)01412-9.

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Selvadurai, A. P. S., and P. A. Selvadurai. "Surface permeability tests: experiments and modelling for estimating effective permeability." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 466, no. 2122 (2010): 2819–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2009.0475.

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This paper presents a technique for determining the near surface permeability of geomaterials and involves the application of a uniform flow rate to an open central region of a sealed annular patch on an otherwise unsealed flat surface. Darcy’s flow is established during attainment of a steady pressure at a constant flow rate. This paper describes the experimental configuration and its theoretical analysis via mathematical and computational techniques. The methods are applied to investigate the surface permeability characteristics of a cuboidal block of Indiana limestone measuring 508 mm. An inverse analysis procedure is used to estimate the permeability characteristics at the interior of the Indiana limestone block. The resulting spatial distribution of permeability is used to estimate the effective permeability of the tested block.

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Pang, Y., M. Y. Soliman, H. Deng, and Hossein Emadi. "Analysis of Effective Porosity and Effective Permeability in Shale-Gas Reservoirs With Consideration of Gas Adsorption and Stress Effects." SPE Journal 22, no. 06 (2017): 1739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180260-pa.

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Summary Nanoscale porosity and permeability play important roles in the characterization of shale-gas reservoirs and predicting shale-gas-production behavior. The gas adsorption and stress effects are two crucial parameters that should be considered in shale rocks. Although stress-dependent porosity and permeability models have been introduced and applied to calculate effective porosity and permeability, the adsorption effect specified as pore volume (PV) occupied by adsorbate is not properly accounted. Generally, gas adsorption results in significant reduction of nanoscale porosity and permeability in shale-gas reservoirs because the PV is occupied by layers of adsorbed-gas molecules. In this paper, correlations of effective porosity and permeability with the consideration of combining effects of gas adsorption and stress are developed for shale. For the adsorption effect, methane-adsorption capacity of shale rocks is measured on five shale-core samples in the laboratory by use of the gravimetric method. Methane-adsorption capacity is evaluated through performing regression analysis on Gibbs adsorption data from experimental measurements by use of the modified Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) equation (Sakurovs et al. 2007) under the supercritical condition, from which the density of adsorbate is found. In addition, the Gibbs adsorption data are converted to absolute adsorption data to determine the volume of adsorbate. Furthermore, the stress-dependent porosity and permeability are calculated by use of McKee correlations (McKee et al. 1988) with the experimentally measured constant pore compressibility by use of the nonadsorptive-gas-expansion method. The developed correlations illustrating the changes in porosity and permeability with pore pressure in shale are similar to those produced by the Shi and Durucan model (2005), which represents the decline of porosity and permeability with the increase of pore pressure in the coalbed. The tendency of porosity and permeability change is the inverse of the common stress-dependent regulation that porosity and permeability increase with the increase of pore pressure. Here, the gas-adsorption effect has a larger influence on PV than stress effect does, which is because more gas is attempting to adsorb on the surface of the matrix as pore pressure increases. Furthermore, the developed correlations are added into a numerical-simulation model at field scale, which successfully matches production data from a horizontal well with multistage hydraulic fractures in the Barnett Shale reservoir. The simulation results note that without considering the effect of PV occupied by adsorbed gas, characterization of reservoir properties and prediction of gas production by history matching cannot be performed reliably. The purpose of this study is to introduce a model to calculate the volume of the adsorbed phase through the adsorption isotherm and propose correlations of effective porosity and permeability in shale rocks, including the consideration of the effects of both gas adsorption and stress. In addition, practical application of the developed correlations to reservoir-simulation work might achieve an appropriate evaluation of effective porosity and permeability and provide an accurate estimation of gas production in shale-gas reservoirs.

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Дисертації з теми "Method of the effective permeability"

Грецких, Светлана Владимировна. "Ослабление статического геомагнитного поля ферромагнитными элементами домов". Thesis, Государственное учреждение "Институт технических проблем магнетизма НАН Украины", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21435.

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Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.09.05 – теоретическая электротехника. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2016. Диссертация посвящена математическому моделированию явления ослабления статического геомагнитного поля (ГМП) в помещениях жилых домов и разработке рекомендаций по методам его нормализации до безопасного уровня. Полученные в диссертации результаты в совокупности составляют существенный вклад в решение научно-прикладной задачи теоретической электротехники по моделированию явления ослабления ГМП стальными ферромагнитными элементами конструкций домов и разработки рекомендаций по методам нормализации ГМП в помещениях до безопасного для людей уровня. Основные результаты выполненных в диссертации исследований и практических разработок использованы при выполнении тематического плана ГУ "ИТПМ НАН Украины", в Институте гигиены и медицинской экологии им. А. Н. Марзеева НАМН Украины при разработке "Государственных санитарных правил и норм защиты населения от влияния электромагнитных излучений", при проектировании и строительстве в г. Харькове современных каркасно-монолитных жилых домов с безопасными условиями проживания (ООО "АВУАР"). Результаты работы рекомендованы к применению научным и промышленным учреждениям и предприятиям, выполняющим разработку методов и средств моделирования, расчета и нормализации статического ГМП в жилых домах, проектирующим современные жилые дома с безопасными условиями проживания по магнитному полю. Thesis for scientific degree of candidate of technical sciences, specialty 05.09.05 – theoretical electrical engineering. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to mathematical modeling of the phenomenon of weakening of the static geomagnetic field (GMF) in residential homes and to the development of recommendations on how to normalize it to a safe level. The modeling of weakening of the GMF was performed with the help of the equivalent charges method. The cylindrical ferromagnetic column was taken as an example. In the framework of this technique the problem of calculation of the GMF’s induction weakened by extended ferromagnetic elements was solved. The physical parameters of the ferromagnetic column which effect the weakening of GMF are determined. The conditions under which GMF is reduced to the safety level are also determined. This is due to the changes of the GMF’s geometry and reducing of initial magnetic permeability of its material. The Arcadiev method of the effective magnetic permeability for modeling of magneticfield of reinforced concrete columns and intermediate floors was developed. The numerical modeling of static GMF in premises of houses with reinforced concrete structures was performed. The numerical results were experimentally confirmed. The recommendations for normalizing of GMF for creating safe and comfortable living conditions are given. These recommendations should be taken into account in designing modern premises of houses.

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Грецьких, Світлана Володимирівна. "Ослаблення статичного геомагнітного поля феромагнітними елементами будинків". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21433.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.09.05 – теоретична електротехніка. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016. Дисертація присвячена математичному моделюванню явища ослаблення статичного геомагнітного поля (ГМП) в приміщеннях житлових будинків та розробці рекомендацій з методів його нормалізації до безпечного рівня. На прикладі циліндричної феромагнітної колони проведено моделювання ослаблення ГМП за допомогою методу еквівалентних (фіктивних) магнітних зарядів та розв’язано задачу розрахунку індукції ГМП, ослабленого протяжними феромагнітними елементами. Визначенні фізичні параметри феромагнітної колони, що впливають на інтенсивність ослаблення ГМП поблизу її поверхні, та умови зменшення до безпечного рівня інтенсивності ослаблення ГМП за рахунок зміни геометрії колони та зменшення початкової магнітної проникності її матеріалу. Здійснено розвиток методу ефективної магнітної проникності Аркадьєва для моделювання магнітного поля залізобетонних колон та міжповерхових перекриттів, армованих сталевим металопрокатом, та виконане чисельне моделювання інтенсивності ослаблення статичного ГМП в приміщеннях житлових будинків з несучими залізобетонними конструкціями і його верифікацію на основі результатів експерименту. Розроблені рекомендації з методів нормалізації ГМП при проектуванні сучасних житлових будинків для створення безпечних та комфортних умов проживання населення за статичним ГМП. Thesis for scientific degree of candidate of technical sciences, specialty 05.09.05 – theoretical electrical engineering. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to mathematical modeling of the phenomenon of weakening of the static geomagnetic field (GMF) in residential homes and to the development of recommendations on how to normalize it to a safe level. The modeling of weakening of the GMF was performed with the help of the equivalent charges method. The cylindrical ferromagnetic column was taken as an example. In the framework of this technique the problem of calculation of the GMF’s induction weakened by extended ferromagnetic elements was solved. The physical parameters of the ferromagnetic column which effect the weakening of GMF are determined. The conditions under which GMF is reduced to the safety level are also determined. This is due to the changes of the GMF’s geometry and reducing of initial magnetic permeability of its material. The Arcadiev method of the effective magnetic permeability for modeling of magneticfield of reinforced concrete columns and intermediate floors was developed. The numerical modeling of static GMF in premises of houses with reinforced concrete structures was performed. The numerical results were experimentally confirmed. The recommendations for normalizing of GMF for creating safe and comfortable living conditions are given. These recommendations should be taken into account in designing modern premises of houses.

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Paleologos, Evangelos Konstantinos 1958. "Effective hydraulic conductivity of bounded, strongly heterogeneous porous media." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191184.

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This dissertation develops analytical expressions for the effective hydraulic conductivity Kₑ of a three-dimensional porous medium bounded by two parallel planes of infinite extent separated by a distance 2a. Head varies randomly along each boundary about a uniform mean value. The log hydraulic conductivity Y forms a homogeneous, statistically anisotropic random field having a variance σᵧ² and principal integral scales λ₁, λ₂, λ₃. Flow is uniform in the mean parallel to the principal coordinate χ₁. A solution is first derived for mildly nonuniform media with σᵧ² ≪ 1 via an approximate form of the 1993 residual flux theory by Neuman and Orr. It is then extended to strongly nonuniform media with arbitrarily large σᵧ² by invoking the Landau-Lifshitz conjecture as Kₑ = KG exp {σᵧ² [1/2 — (D + S)]} . Here, K(G) is the geometric mean of hydraulic conductivities and D and S are domain and surface integrals, respectively. Based on a rigorous limiting analysis we show that when the length scale ratio p = a / λ₁ → 0, Kₑ is equal to the arithmetic mean hydraulic conductivity K(A). This supports the theoretical finding of Neuman and Orr and the numerical result by Desbarats. When ρ → ∞ we obtain expressions for Kₑ that have been previously derived in the stochastic literature for infinite flow domains. For strongly anisotropic media with integral scale ratios ε₂ = λ₂ / λ₁ and ε₃ = λ₃ / λ₁ equal to each other and tending to zero or infinity ( ) i 0) we obtain the closed form solution Kₑ = K(G) exp {σᵧ²[exp(—p) — 0 .5]} . The latter reduces to K(A) when ρ → 0 and tends to the harmonic mean K(H) as ρ → ∞. One can think of the case ε₂ = ε₃ = 0 as mean flow along parallel channels having mutually uncorrelated hydraulic conductivities, and of the case ε₂ = ε₃ → ∞ as mean flow normal to layers having uniform hydraulic conductivities. For statistically isotropic media we show numerically that Kₑ equals K(A) when ρ = 0.01; when ρ ≥ 4, Kₑ = K(G) exp(σᵧ²/6) the three-dimensional infinite domain solution. Our results support the analytical finding of Rubin and Dagan, and predict and explain all related bounded domain numerical results. Finally, contrary to Dagan's assertion, we show that for small ρ boundary effects are extremely important; the absolute value of the surface integral S equals the value of the domain integral D.

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Song, Young-Tae. "Application of permeability similitude method to centrifuge test." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1178735952.

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Lancaster, James William. "Multi-scale estimation of effective permeability within the Greenholes Beck catchment." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369589.

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Rinkevich, A. B., M. I. Samoylovich, and A. F. Belyanin. "Effective Conductivity and Magnetic Permeability of Nanostructured Materials in Magnetic Field." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35340.

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The problem of homogenization the nanostructured materials placed in DC magnetic field has been discussed. The experimental data are obtained using metallic superlattices, metal-dielectric thin films and 3D-nanostructured materials. All these materials contain ferro- or ferrimagnetic component. The trans-mission and reflection coefficients were measured on the waves of millimeter waveband. It has been shown that the experimental frequency spectra of the coefficients in zero magnetic field can be described by the effective conductivity and dielectric permittivity. The spectra of ferromagnetic resonance, however, cannot be calculated correctly with the averaged magnetization. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35340

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Drews, Michael C. "Modelling stress-dependent effective porosity-permeability relationships of metre-scale heterogeneous mudstones." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1672.

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The importance of shales and mudstones to applied geosciences and in particular to fluid migration in sedimentary basins has never been more recognized than today. Prominent examples are conventional or unconventional petroleum systems, where shales and mudstones act as source, reservoir or cap rock, but also CO2 and nuclear waste storage or hydrogeology. Despite their importance, shales and mudstones are yet not as far well understood as sandstones or carbonate rocks. In particular, the influence of heterogeneity on fluid migration has been poorly addressed in the past, although many authors have identified and studied heterogeneities in shales and mudstones. Nevertheless, their flow properties are fairly well understood when treated as homogeneous on sample scale (centimetre-scale). Typical flow relevant heterogeneities are grain size and thus petrophysical property (e.g. porosity, permeability, capillary entry pressures) variations due to spatial lithological variation induced by primary and secondary sedimentary structures. In this study we investigate flow relevant heterogeneities of shales and mudstones on submetre scale derived from core and borehole images from an off-shore gas field in the Western Nile Delta, Egypt. Thereby, we combine latest models and published measurements of sample-scale petrophysical properties with interpretation, quantitative analyses, advanced modelling and numerical fluid flow simulation to assess the influence of shale and mudstone heterogeneity on fluid flow and hence, fluid migration, retention and mudstone seal capacity. Additionally, the set of mudstone heterogeneities used in this study has been derived from a combined visual and geostatistical interpretation of more than 500 m of mud-rich core and borehole images. As final results, we deliver stress-dependent effective porosity-permeability relationships for a broad range of shale and mudstone heterogeneities, representative model sizes and resolution as well as measures of uncertainty for each heterogeneity type. Moreover, probability density functions describing where and how these heterogeneities appear in larger scale geological units, such as seismic facies or local depositional environments, are provided. As a key result, heterogeneity and lithological variation have great influences on effective permeability and effective permeability anisotropy (Kh/Kv). Furthermore, our results indicate that mudstone heterogeneity is very common in all investigated larger scale geological units (hemipelagites, levees, channels). Modelling of fluid flow through mud-rich sedimentary basins without inclusion of these sub-metre scale heterogeneities of mudstones can therefore lead to misleading results. Thus, effective porosity-permeability (anisotropy) relationships are provided for different lithological variations and mudstone heterogeneities as a final result.

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Chen, Chien-Cheng. "An investigation into the relationship between effective stress and permeability of clays." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320827.

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DELGADO, CARLOS WILFREDO CARRILLO. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN EQUIPMENT FOR THE STUDY OF EFFECTIVE PERMEABILITY IN MULTIPHASE MEDIA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2000. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2032@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO O trabalho apresenta uma ampla revisão de conceitos básicos associados ao fluxo multifásico (fluxo simultâneo de dois ou mais fluidos) em meios porosos, bem como técnicas de ensaios e equipamentos utilizados na determinação de permeabilidades efetiva e absoluta em solos saturados e não saturados com água. Com base nesta revisão, e visando a medida da permeabilidade de solos não saturados submetidos a fluxo de misturas gasolina-álcool, foi projetados, construído e colocado em operação um sistema de permeâmetros de parede flexível com controle de sucção; foi desenvolvido um software de controle e implementando um sistema automático de monitoramento da instrumentação eletrônica utilizada para medidas de variação de volume, de pressões e de deslocamentos axiais das amostras desolo; foi implementado um sistema de bomba de fluxo para aplicação de vazões constantes nos ensaios de permeabilidade, e forma desenvolvidos sistemas de medição do volume dos líquidos e gases passando pela amostra sob diferentes gradientes de pressão. Todos os desenvolvimentos projetados e implementados são descritos em detalhe. Características de uso dos equipamentos e aspectos de calibração da instrumentação eletrônica e demais acessórios são discutidos, procurando-se definir limites de trabalhabilidade, eventuais deficiências e técnicas alternativas de ensaios envolvendo o uso de misturas álcool gasolina. Visando avaliar o comportamento dos equipamentos e acessórios desenvolvidos, apresenta-se e discute-se resultados de um programa experimental envolvendo a) o uso de amostras de um solo inerte, incompressível dentro dos níveis de tensões efetivas aplicadas, preparadas em laboratório utilizando técnicas especiais de modo a se obter uma estrutura repetitiva, fracamente cimentada, simulando os solos residuais de gnaisse; b) execução de ensaios de vazão constante visando a determinação da permeabilidade absoluta de amostras saturadas utilizando como fluidos permeantes água, ar gasolina e álcool; c) execução de ensaios de vazão constante visando a determinação das permeabilidades efetivas à água e ao ar de amostras não saturadas, submetidas a sucções constantes variando de cerca de 10 a 60 kPa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o equipamento desenvolvido e as técnicas experimentais implementadas constituem ferramentas versáteis que possibilitam a determinação direta das permeabilidades absolutas e efetivas de forma relativamente simples e confiáveis. This work presents a wide revision of basic concepts associated to the multiphase flow (simultaneous flow of two or more fluids) in porous media as well as techniques of test and equipment s used in the determination of effective and absolute permeability in saturated and not saturated soils with water.With basis in this revision, and locking for the measure of saturated soils permeability submitted to flow of mixtures gasoline-alcohol, it was projected, built and placed in operation a system of flexible wall permeameters with suction control; a control software was developed and implementing an automatic system of monitoring of the electronic instrumentation used for measures of change volume, pressures and axial displacements of the soil samples; a flow pump system was implemented for application of constant rate in the permeability test, and systems of measurement of the volume of the liquids and gases were developed going by the sample under different pressure gradients.All the projected developments and implemented are described in detail. Characteristics of the used equipment s and calibration aspects of the electronic instrumentation and other accessories are discussed, trying to define workability limits, eventual deficiencies and techniques alternatives of testing involving the use of alcohol gasoline mixtures. Look in for evaluate the performance of equipment s and developed accessories, are presented and it is discussed results of an experimental program involving a) the use of samples of a inert soil, incompressible between levels of applied effective tensions,prepared in labortory using special techniques in way obtaining a repetitive structure, weakly cemented, simulating the residual soils of gnaisse; b) execution of constant rate test looking for the absolute permeability determination of saturated samples using as percolate fluids water, air, gasoline and alcohol; c) execution of constant rate test looking for the determination of the effective permeability to the water and the air of non saturated samples, submitted to constant suctions varying about 10 to 60 kPa.The obtained results indicate that the developed equipment and the implemented experimental techniques constitute versatile tools that make possible the direct determination of the absolute and effective permeabilities in way relatively simple and you trusted. EL trabajo presenta una amplia revisión de conceptos básicos asociados al flujo multifásico (flujo simultáneo de Dos o más fluidos) en medios porosos, así como técnicas de ensayos y equipamentos utilizados en la determinación de permeabilidades efectiva y absoluta en suelos saturados y no saturados con agua. Con el objetivo de medir la permeabilidad de suelos no saturados sometidos a flujo de mezclas de gasolina y alcohol, fue proyectados, construido y colocado en operación un sistema de permeámetros de pared flexible con control de succión; se desarrolló un software de control y se implementó un sistema automático de monitoramiento de la instrumentación eletrónica utilizada para medidas de variación de volumen, de presiones y de desplazamientos axiales de las muestras de suelo. Se implementó además; un sistema de bomba de flujo para aplicación de desbordamientos constantes en los ensayos de permeabilidad, y se deasarrollaron sistemas de medición del volumen de los líquidos y gases pasando por la muestra bajo diferentes gradientes de presión. Se detallan todos los desarrollos proyectados e implementaciones. Se discute las características de uso de los equipamentos y aspectos de calibración de la instrumentación eletrónica y demás accesorios, con el objetivo de definir límites de trabajabilidad, eventuales deficiencias y técnicas alternativas de ensayos que envuelven el uso de mezclas de alcohol u gasolina. Para evaluar el comportamiento de los equipos y accesorios desarrollados, se presentan y discuten los resultados de un programa experimental que considera a) el uso de muestras de un suelo inerte, incompresible dentro de los níveles de tensiones efectivas que fueron aplicadas, preparadas en laboratorio utilizando técnicas especiales para obtener una extructura repetitiva, debilmente cimentada, simulando suelos residuales de gnaise; b) ejecución de ensayos de desbordamiento constante visando la determinación de la permeabilidad absoluta de muestras saturadas utilizando como fluidos permeantes agua, ar gasolina y álcool; c) ejecución de ensayos de desbordamiento constante con el objetivo de determinar las permeabilidades efectivas a agua y aire de muestras no saturadas, sometidas a succiones constantes variando entre 10 a 60 kPa. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el equipo desarrollado y las técnicas experimentales implementadas constituyen herramientas versátiles que hacen posible la determinación directa de las permeabilidades absolutas y efectivas de forma relativamente simple y confiables.

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Song, Young-Tae. "Application of permeabilty similitude method to centrifuge test." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178735952.

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Книги з теми "Method of the effective permeability"

Borich, Gary D. Observation skills for effective teaching. 6th ed. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon Publishers, 2011.

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Observation skills for effective teaching. 6th ed. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon Publishers, 2011.

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Bayles, Martin Debra, ed. Observation skills for effective teaching. 5th ed. Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall, 2008.

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Witt, Graham C. Writing effective business rules: A practical method. Morgan Kaufmann/Elsevier, 2012.

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Lederer, P. G. A transmission line method for the measurement of microwave permittivity and permeability. HMSO, 1991.

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Bayles, Martin Debra, ed. Observation skills for effective teaching. 4th ed. Merrill/Prentice Hall, 2003.

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Borich, Gary D. Observation skills for effective teaching. 3rd ed. Merrill, 1999.

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Observation skills for effective teaching. Merrill Pub. Co., 1990.

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Case method in management development: Guide for effective use. International Labour Office, 1985.

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1943-, Good Thomas L., ed. Becoming an effective reading teacher. Harper & Row, 1987.

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Palacio-Castañeda, Valentina, Roland Brock, and Wouter P. R. Verdurmen. "Generation of Protein-Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer Conjugates for Efficient Cellular Delivery via Anthrax Protective Antigen." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_8.

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AbstractPhosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) offer great promise as therapeutic agents for translation blocking or splice modulation due to their high stability and affinity for target sequences. However, in spite of their neutral charge as compared to natural oligonucleotides or phosphorothioate analogs, they still show little permeability for cellular membranes, highlighting the need for effective cytosolic delivery strategies. In addition, the implementation of strategies for efficient cellular targeting is highly desirable to minimize side effects and maximize the drug dose at its site of action. Anthrax toxin is a three-protein toxin of which the pore-forming protein anthrax protective antigen (PA) can be redirected to a receptor of choice and lethal factor (LF), one of the two substrate proteins, can be coupled to various cargoes for efficient cytosolic cargo delivery. In this protocol, we describe the steps to produce the proteins and protein conjugates required for cytosolic delivery of PMOs through the cation-selective pore generated by anthrax protective antigen. The method relies on the introduction of a unique cysteine at the C-terminal end of a truncated LF (aa 1–254), high-yield expression of the (truncated) toxin proteins in E. coli, functionalization of a PMO with a maleimide group and coupling of the maleimide-functionalized PMO to the unique cysteine on LF by maleimide-thiol conjugation chemistry. Through co-administration of PA with LF-PMO conjugates, an efficient cytosolic delivery of PMOs can be obtained.

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Kuksin, Sergei, and Alberto Maiocchi. "The Effective Equation Method." In New Approaches to Nonlinear Waves. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20690-5_2.

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Saucier, Antoine. "Scaling of the Effective Permeability in Multifractal Reservoirs." In North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs — III. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0896-6_23.

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Torrent, Roberto J., Rui D. Neves, and Kei-ichi Imamoto. "Torrent NDT method for coefficient of air-permeability." In Concrete Permeability and Durability Performance. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429505652-5.

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Krahenbuhl, Kevin S. "The Trivium: A Classical Method." In Building Effective Learning Environments. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003157441-6.

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Steinmann, Casper, and Jan H. Jensen. "Effective Fragment Molecular Orbital Method." In Fragmentation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119129271.ch5.

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Chen, Chen, Wei Wang, Xiaoyang Wang, and Shiyu Yang. "Effective Order Preserving Estimation Method." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46922-5_29.

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Wahlgren, Ulf. "The Effective Core Potential Method." In Lecture Notes in Quantum Chemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58150-2_8.

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Liu, X. G., and G. H. Pei. "Permeability Coefficient Inversion Method Based on Hybrid Algorithm." In New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75995-9_201.

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Chung, WonJoon. "Effective Ideation Method for Collective Creativity." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94601-6_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Method of the effective permeability"

Eason, C. R. "Single-Stage, Multiple-Zone Stimulation: An Effective Method of Stimulating the Niobrara Formation." In SPE/DOE Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13889-ms.

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Tjon-Joe-Pin, R. M., and C. S. Devine. "Cost Effective Method For Improving Permeability In Damaged Wells." In Annual Technical Meeting. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/98-67.

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Tjon-Joe-Pin, Robert, Carolyn S. DeVine, and Michelle Carr. "Cost Effective Method for Improving Permeability in Damaged Wells." In SPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/39784-ms.

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Liu, Peng, Wenxiao Qiao, Xiaohua Che, Ruijia Wang, Xiaodong Ju, and Junqiang Lu. "An effective method to calculate permeability based on Stoneley waves." In 2013 6th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2013.6743891.

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Butko, L. N., A. P. Anzulevich, V. D. Buchelnikov, A. A. Fediy, and I. V. Bychkov. "Method for determining the effective permeability and permittivity of metamaterial." In ADVANCES IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING: FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS: Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering (IC3E 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4998075.

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Maslov, B., I. Onischuk, and O. Kozionova. "Nonlinear geophysics method of effective permeability prediction in engineering geology." In 11th International Conference on Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201800091.

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Hong, Zhenxiang, Chunyu Zhao, Xudong Luo, Zhenyu Huang, Hui Zhu та Senlin Zhu. "Effective permeability measurement of μ-negative metamaterials using an inductance method". У 2017 22nd Microoptics Conference (MOC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/moc.2017.8244557.

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"Calculation of effective permeability in fractured porous media using finite volume method." In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.g5.gou.

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Cottereau, Nicolas, Michel Herve Garcia, Olivier R. Gosselin, and Louise Vigier. "Effective Fracture Network Permeability: Comparative Study of Calculation Methods." In SPE EUROPEC/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/131126-ms.

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Pouya, A., M. N. Vu, and D. Seyedi. "Modelling effective permeability of fracture networks in permeable rock formations by singular integral equations method." In MULTIPHASE FLOW 2011. WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mpf110241.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Method of the effective permeability"

Deb, Robin, Paramita Mondal, and Ardavan Ardeshirilajimi. Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability—Materials Solution (Phase III). Illinois Center for Transportation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-023.

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Type K cement offers a lower slump than conventional concrete, even at a higher water-to-cement ratio. Therefore, a suitable chemical admixture should be added to the Type K concrete mix design at a feasible dosage to achieve and retain target slump. In this project, a compatibility study was performed for Type K concrete with commercially available water-reducing and air-entraining admixtures. Slump and air content losses were measured over a period of 60 minutes after mixing and a particular mid-range water-reducing admixture was found to retain slump effectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in admixture interaction between conventional and Type K concrete was observed. Another concern regarding the use of Type K concrete is that its higher water-to-cement ratio can potentially lead to higher permeability and durability issues. This study also explored the effectiveness of presoaked lightweight aggregates in providing extra water for Type K hydration without increasing the water-to-cement ratio. Permeability of concrete was measured to validate that the use of presoaked lightweight aggregates can lower water adsorption in Type K concrete, enhancing its durability. Extensive data analysis was performed to link the small-scale material test results with a structural test performed at Saint Louis University. A consistent relation was established in most cases, validating the effectiveness of both testing methods in understanding the performance of proposed shrinkage-mitigation strategies. Stress analysis was performed to rank the mitigation strategies. Type K incorporation is reported to be the most effective method for shrinkage-related crack mitigation among the mixes tested in this study. The second-best choice is the use of Type K in combination with either presoaked lightweight aggregates or shrinkage-reducing admixtures. All mitigation strategies tested in this work were proved to be significantly better than using no mitigation strategy.

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Gelbard, Fred, and Dallin Keesling. Effective Permeability of a Nuclear Fuel Assembly. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1832634.

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Um, Wooyong, Hun Bok Jung, Paul F. Martin, and B. Peter McGrail. Effective Permeability Change in Wellbore Cement with Carbon Dioxide Reaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029436.

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Miyamoto, Seiichi, and Rami Keren. Improving Efficiency of Reclamation of Sodium-Affected Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570569.bard.

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Sodium affected soils, along with salt-affected soils, are distributed widely in irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid region of the world. Some of these soils can and must be reclaimed to meet the increasing demand for food, and existing irrigated lands must be managed to reduce salinization and alkalization associated with deteriorating irrigation water quality. This project was conducted for examining ways to reduce the use of chemical amendments and large quantities of leaching water for reclaiming sodic soils or for preventing soil sodification, We hypothesized that sodicity of calcareous soils irrigated with moderately sodic irrigation water can be controlled by maximizing dissolution of soil CaCO3. The work performed in Israel has shown that dissolution of CaCO3 can be enhanced by elevating the CO2 partial pressure in soils, and by increasing pore water velocity. The concentration of Ca in pore water was at an order of 1.5 mmolc L-1 at a CO2 partial pressure of 5 kPa, which is sufficient to maintain SAR below 4 at salinity of irrigation water of 0.5 dS m-1 or less. Incorporation of crop residue at a flesh weight of 100 Mg ha-1 reduced the exchangeable Na percentage from 19 to 5%, while it remained 14% without crop residue application These findings indicate a possibility of preventing soil sodification with appropriate crop rotation and residue management without chemical amendments, provided that soils remain permeable. In the case of highly sodic soils, dissolution of CaCO3 alone is usually insufficient to maintain soil permeability during initial leaching. We examined the effect of salinity and sodicity on water infiltration, then developed a way to estimate the amendments required on the basis of water infiltration and drainage characteristics, rather than the traditional idea of reducing the exchangeable Na percentage to a pre-fixed value. Initial indications from soil column and lysimeter study are that the proposed method provides realistic estimates of amendment requirements. We further hypothesized that cultivation of salt-tolerant plants with water of elevated salinity can enhance reclamation of severely Na-affected soils primarily through improved water infiltration and increased dissolution of CaCO3 through respiration. An outdoor lysimeter experiment using two saline sodic Entisols sodded with saltgrass for two seasons did not necessarily support this hypothesis. While there was an evidence of increased removal of the exchangeable Na originally present in the soils, the final salinity and sodicity measured were lowest without sod, and highest when sodded. High transpiration rates, coupled with low permeability and/or inadequate leaching seemed to have offset the potential benefits of increased CaCO3 dissolution and subsequent removal of exchangeable Na. Although vegetative means of reclaiming sodic soils had been reported to be effective in sandy soils with sufficient permeability, additional study is needed for its use in saline sodic soils under the high evaporative demand. The use of cool season grass after initial salt leaching with CaCl2 should be explored. Results obtained from this project have several potential applications, which include the use of crop residues for maintaining sodium balance, the use of CaCl2 for initial leaching of poorly permeable clayey sodic soils, and appraisal of sodicity effects, and appropriate rates and types of amendments required for reclamation

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Yuasa, Takuya, and Toshiaki Nakamaru. Road Load Prediction Method Using Effective Road Profile. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0129.

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Dale E. Brown and Puja B. Kadolkar. Development of Cost-Effective Low-Permeability Ceramic and Refractory Components for Aluminum Melting and Casting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878541.

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Kadolkar, Puja, and Ronald D. Ott. Development of Cost-Effective Low-Permeability Ceramic and Refractory Components for Aluminum Melting and Casting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/930713.

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Pachter, Ruth, Kiet A. Nguyen, and Paul N. Day. Density functional Theory Based Generalized Effective Fragment Potential Method (Postprint). Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609687.

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Krieger, Joseph B. Application of the Optimized Effective Potential Method to Quantum Chemistry. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada411992.

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Krieger, Joseph B. Application of the Optimized Effective Potential Method to Quantum Chemistry. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada344400.

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