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Готові списки джерел за темами / Metals/metalloids

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Metals/metalloids"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Metals/metalloids":

1

Baek, Dong-Jun, Deok Hyun Moon, Jung-Hwan Kwon, and Jinsung An. "A Comparative Analysis of the Oral Bioaccessibility of Metals/Metalloids Determined Using the Unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe Method and 0.07 M HCl Single Extraction Method." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 9, 2023): 12168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612168.

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Metals and metalloids in consumer products can be ingested by humans and cause health problems. The unified Bioaccessibility Research Group of Europe (BARGE) method (UBM, i.e., ISO 17924), with complex digestive ingredients, and the 0.07 M HCl single extraction method, as a simplified means, have been widely used to assess oral bioaccessibility in vitro. Herein, the bioaccessible concentrations of metals and metalloids in 13 certified reference materials acting as surrogates for consumer products were determined using the UBM and the 0.07 M HCl single extraction method and compared. The bioaccessible concentrations of metals and metalloids evaluated using the UBM and the 0.07 M HCl single extraction method ranged from 0.002 to 17,449 mg/kg and from 0.003 to 20,283 mg/kg, respectively; their bioaccessibility ranged from 0.00002 to 26.9% and from 0.00002 to 36.6%, respectively. The 0.07 M HCl single extraction method showed higher concentrations, as the bioaccessible concentrations of metals and metalloids differed by 1.38 times (i.e., the slope of the linear regression), indicating its potential for conservative assessment. However, the Student’s t-test results for the 12 metals and metalloids showed no significant differences (p-value ≥ 0.05). It demonstrated that the relatively simple 0.07 M HCl single extraction method can be used as an in vitro test method to assess the oral bioaccessibility of metals and metalloids in various consumer products by replacing the UBM and/or through its use as a screening method prior to the application of the UBM, thereby moving towards green analytical chemistry.

2

Júnior, Fernando Barbosa, Marcelo Farina, Susana Viegas, and Wilma De Grava Kempinas. "Toxicology of Metals and Metalloids." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253738.

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3

Graedel, T. E., E. M. Harper, N. T. Nassar, Philip Nuss, and Barbara K. Reck. "Criticality of metals and metalloids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 14 (March 23, 2015): 4257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500415112.

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Imbalances between metal supply and demand, real or anticipated, have inspired the concept of metal criticality. We here characterize the criticality of 62 metals and metalloids in a 3D “criticality space” consisting of supply risk, environmental implications, and vulnerability to supply restriction. Contributing factors that lead to extreme values include high geopolitical concentration of primary production, lack of available suitable substitutes, and political instability. The results show that the limitations for many metals important in emerging electronics (e.g., gallium and selenium) are largely those related to supply risk; those of platinum group metals, gold, and mercury, to environmental implications; and steel alloying elements (e.g., chromium and niobium) as well as elements used in high-temperature alloys (e.g., tungsten and molybdenum), to vulnerability to supply restriction. The metals of most concern tend to be those available largely or entirely as byproducts, used in small quantities for highly specialized applications, and possessing no effective substitutes.

4

Karaś, Katarzyna, and Marcin Frankowski. "Analysis of Hazardous Elements in Children Toys: Multi-Elemental Determination by Chromatography and Spectrometry Methods." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23113017.

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This paper presents the results of determination of hazardous metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and metalloid (As, Sb) levels in toys available in the Polish market. Two independent sample preparation methods were used to determine the concentration and content of the metals and metalloids. The first one is defined by the guidelines of the EN-71 standard and undertook extraction in 0.07 mol/L HCl. This method was used to conduct speciation analysis of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), as well as for the determination of selected metals and metalloids. The second method conducted mineralization in a HNO3 and H2O2 mixture using microwave energy to determine the content of metals and metalloids. Determination of chromium forms was made using the high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) method, while those of metals and metalloids were made using the ICP-MS technique. Additionally, in order to determine total content of chromium in toys, an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDX) was used. The results of the analyses showed that Cr(VI) was not detected in the toys. In general, the content of heavy metals and metalloids in the studied samples was below the migration limit set by the norm EN-71.

5

Zhang, Lingxiao, Zhengyan Liu, Yun Song, Junkang Sui, and Xuewen Hua. "Advances in the Involvement of Metals and Metalloids in Plant Defense Response to External Stress." Plants 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2024): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13020313.

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Plants, as sessile organisms, uptake nutrients from the soil. Throughout their whole life cycle, they confront various external biotic and abiotic threats, encompassing harmful element toxicity, pathogen infection, and herbivore attack, posing risks to plant growth and production. Plants have evolved multifaceted mechanisms to cope with exogenous stress. The element defense hypothesis (EDH) theory elucidates that plants employ elements within their tissues to withstand various natural enemies. Notably, essential and non-essential trace metals and metalloids have been identified as active participants in plant defense mechanisms, especially in nanoparticle form. In this review, we compiled and synthetized recent advancements and robust evidence regarding the involvement of trace metals and metalloids in plant element defense against external stresses that include biotic stressors (such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity) and abiotic environmental stressors (such as pathogen invasion and herbivore attack). We discuss the mechanisms underlying the metals and metalloids involved in plant defense enhancement from physiological, biochemical, and molecular perspectives. By consolidating this information, this review enhances our understanding of how metals and metalloids contribute to plant element defense. Drawing on the current advances in plant elemental defense, we propose an application prospect of metals and metalloids in agricultural products to solve current issues, including soil pollution and production, for the sustainable development of agriculture. Although the studies focused on plant elemental defense have advanced, the precise mechanism under the plant defense response still needs further investigation.

6

Wołowiec, Magdalena, Małgorzata Komorowska-Kaufman, Alina Pruss, Grzegorz Rzepa, and Tomasz Bajda. "Removal of Heavy Metals and Metalloids from Water Using Drinking Water Treatment Residuals as Adsorbents: A Review." Minerals 9, no. 8 (August 14, 2019): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080487.

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Heavy metal contamination is one of the most important environmental issues. Therefore, appropriate steps need to be taken to reduce heavy metals and metalloids in water to acceptable levels. Several treatment methods have been developed recently to adsorb these pollutants. This paper reviews the ability of residuals generated as a by-product from the water treatment plants to adsorb heavy metals and metalloids from water. Water treatment residuals have great sorption capacities due to their large specific surface area and chemical composition. Sorption capacity is also affected by sorption conditions. A survey of the literature shows that water treatment residuals may be a suitable material for developing an efficient adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals and metalloids from water.

7

Sharma, Pooja. "Phytoremediation of Metals and Metalloids from Industrial Wastewater." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 7, no. 04 (December 31, 2021): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v7i04.2.

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Heavy metal and metalloid pollution are growing concern around the world. Toxic heavy metals (HMs) such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) are a major environmental issue which is generated from anthropogenic activities. Metals and metalloids are a class of elements that fall between metals and non-metals in respect of physico-chemical characteristics. The absorption of such toxic metals in farmlands raises concerns about food safety as well as decreases in plant growth and productivity and yield of crops. Several metalloids are recognized to be required or quasi-essential for plant growth and development, such as boron, selenium, and silicon. Various ions may be beneficial to plant growth and development when present in low concentrations, but when present in large concentrations, they frequently have harmful impacts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in metalloid absorption by plant roots, subsequent transport to various tissues, and inter/intra-cellular redistribution is crucial in this regard. There have also been discoveries of different transporters and membrane channels involved in these processes. It has also touched on the absorption, distribution, and storage of metalloids in plants, as well as the molecular mechanisms that underpin their response. Traditional wastewater treatment technologies are typically expensive, time-consuming, dangerous to the environment, and inefficient. The phytoremediation of metals and metalloids have been examined in depth in this review. Furthermore, we have discussed earlier theories and arguments about the role and consequences of metalloids in plants using current information to provide interesting insights. Researchers focus on techniques that used enhance the accuracy of phytostabilization and phytoextraction, such as genetically engineered, microbiota and chelate-assisted strategies. The above overview also highlights the limitations and future perspectives of sustainable phytoremediation.

8

Perera, W. P. R. T., M. D. N. R. Dayananda, D. M. U. C. Dissanayake, R. A. S. D. Rathnasekara, W. S. M. Botheju, J. A. Liyanage, S. K. Weragoda, and K. A. M. Kularathne. "Risk Assessment of Trace Element Contamination in Drinking Water and Agricultural Soil: A Study in Selected Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) Endemic Areas in Sri Lanka." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (January 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627254.

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Unexplained or unclear etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKDu) has been reported in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province (NCP) for more than two decades. Meanwhile, high exposure to heavy metals/metalloids and their accumulation are recognized as the origin of many acute and chronic diseases in certain vulnerable human tissues including kidneys. This study evaluates the contamination status of heavy metals/metalloids of the drinking water and agricultural soil in two CKDu endemic areas compared with a reference area in Sri Lanka based on common indexes and attribute of the commonly used fertilizers evaluated to identify the basic sources of toxic metals in the agricultural soil. Mean concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids such as Mn, Co, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Fe in drinking water of CKDu endemic areas were far below Sri Lankan water quality standards (permissible limits). In addition, all sampling locations dropped below the medium range of the heavy metal pollution index of water (HPI 15–40). Geoaccumulation indexes (Igeo) of soil reveal that paddy soil in CKDu endemic areas is being moderately polluted with toxic metals/metalloids such as As, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Cd. On the other hand, the application of fertilizers, which contained a high dose of toxic metals, could be the driving force for agricultural soil pollution, and limitless application of low-quality fertilizer would lead to more soil contamination with heavy metals. Hence, hazardous metals can be incorporated into the food chains via contaminated paddy soil.

9

Hess, Jeffrey, and Mark Sorensen. "Geogenic versus Anthropogenic Metals and Metalloids." Journal of Environmental Protection 09, no. 05 (2018): 468–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2018.95029.

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10

Raab, Andrea, and Jörg Feldmann. "Microbial Transformation of Metals and Metalloids." Science Progress 86, no. 3 (August 2003): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/003685003783238671.

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Throughout evolution, microbes have developed the ability to live in nearly every environmental condition on earth. They can grow with or without oxygen or light. Microbes can dissolve or precipitate ores and are able to yield energy from the reduction/oxidation of metal ions. Their metabolism depends on the availability of metal ions in essential amounts and protects itself from toxic amounts of metals by detoxification processes. Metals are metabolised to metallorgano-compounds, bound to proteins or used as catalytic centres of enzymes in biological reactions. Microbes, as every other cell, have developed a whole range of mechanisms for the uptake and excretion of metals and their metabolised compounds. The diversity of microbial metabolism can be illustrated by the fact that certain microbes can be found living on arsenate, which is considered a highly toxic metal for most other forms of live.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Metals/metalloids":

1

Robert, Josée. "Diffusion in molten metals and metalloids." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37978.pdf.

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2

Raulinaitis, Mindaugas. "Effects of Hydromechanical Lake Remediation on Distribution of Metals and Metalloids in Bottom Sediments." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121227_090648-54420.

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Although hydromechanical lake remediation projects have been carried out over several decades, there still is a lack of evidence about the changes in environmental status after such projects, while scientific literature regarding redistribution of metals and metalloids caused by hydromechanical bottom sediment removal is especially scarce both in Lithuania and in other countries. Research of the dissertation consisted not only of extensive geochemical field work and laboratory analysis, but also methods of mathematical statistics and spatial interpolation. Results of the research and their analysis allowed to conclude that hydromechanical lake remediation results in changes of the contents of metals and metalloids of interest and their spatial redistribution in lake bottom sediments, which are specific to each metal and metalloid, thus cumulative indicators should be used to assess overall changes in sediment quality of remediated lakes. Calculation and statistical analysis of on of such indicators - total sediment contamination index (Zd) and surface interpolation of its values allowed to evaluate statistical significance of changes in contamination degree of the newly formed surface sediment layer and to assess cumulative spatial redistribution of metals and metalloids caused by hydromechanical lake remediation. Data provided in the dissertation is especially significant in preparation and design of future sediment removal projects and in determining their feasibility.
Nors hidromechaninio ežerų valymo darbai vykdomi jau daugelį metų, iki šiol nėra aišku, kaip pasikeičia ežero aplinkosauginė būklė po jo išvalymo, o Lietuvos ir kitų šalių mokslinėje literatūroje informacijos apie valymo sąlygotus metalų ir metaloidų pasiskirstymo dugno nuosėdose pokyčius yra stebėtinai mažai. Disertacijos tyrime buvo taikoma kompleksinė šių pokyčių vertinimo sistema, pasitelkiant ne tik išsamius geocheminius lauko ir laboratorinius tyrimus, bet ir matematinę statistinę analizę bei erdvinę duomenų prognozę ir interpoliaciją. Tyrimų ir analizės rezultatai parodė, kad hidromechaninis ežero valymas sąlygoja nagrinėjamų metalų ir metaloidų kiekių pokyčius ir jų persiskirstymą dugno nuosėdose, kuris yra savitas atskiriems cheminiams elementams, todėl siekiant nustatyti valymo darbų įtaką būtina naudoti indikatorius, leidžiančius įvertinti bendro, kumuliacinio nuosėdų užterštumo lygio pokyčius visų nagrinėjamų elementų atžvilgiu. Vieno iš tokių indikatorių – suminio užterštumo rodiklio Zd verčių statistinė analizė ir erdvinė interpoliacija leido ne tik nustatyti statistiškai patikimą hidromechaninio ežero valymo įtakotą metalų ir metaloidų pokyčių reikšmingumą naujai susiformavusiame paviršiniame dugno nuosėdų sluoksnyje, bet ir pademonstruoti erdvinį šių elementų perskirstymą dugno paviršiaus plote. Disertacijoje pateikiama informacija yra ypač aktuali vertinant Lietuvos ežerų būklę, planuojant ežerų dugno nuosėdų šalinimo darbus ir nustatant jų tikslingumą.

3

Felix, Villar Omar Ignacio. "Metals And Metalloids In Atmospheric Dust: Use Of Lead Isotopic Analysis For Source Apportionment." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338751.

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Mining activities generate aerosol in a wide range of sizes. Smelting activities produce mainly fine particles (<1 μm). On the other hand, milling, crushing and refining processes, as well tailings management, are significant sources of coarse particles (>1 μm). The adverse effects of aerosols on human health depend mainly on two key characteristics: size and chemical composition. One of the main objectives of this research is to analyze the size distribution of contaminants in aerosol produced by mining operations. For this purpose, a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) was utilized. Results from the MOUDI samples show higher concentrations of the toxic elements like lead and arsenic in the fine fraction (<1 μm). Fine particles are more likely to be deposited in the deeper zones of the respiratory system; therefore, they are more dangerous than coarse particles that can be filtered out in the upper respiratory system. Unfortunately, knowing the total concentration of contaminants does not give us enough information to identify the source of contamination. For this reason, lead isotopes have been introduced as fingerprints for source apportionment. Each source of lead has specific isotopic ratios; by knowing these ratios sources can be identified. During this research, lead isotopic ratios were analyzed at different sites and for different aerosol sizes. From these analyses it can be concluded that lead isotopes are a powerful tool to identify sources of lead. Mitigation strategies could be developed if the source of contamination is well defined. Environmental conditions as wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and precipitation have an important role in the concentration of atmospheric dust. Dry environments with low relative humidity are ideal for the transport of aerosols. Results obtained from this research show the relationship between dust concentrations and meteorological parameters. Dust concentrations are highly correlated with relative humidity and wind speed. With all the data collected on site and the analysis of the meteorological parameters, models can be develop to predict the transport of particles as well as the concentration of contaminants at a specific point. These models were developed and are part of the results shown in this dissertation.

4

Gibbon-Walsh, Kristopher Bryant. "Speciation of trace metals and metalloids in natural waters using the vibrating gold microwire electrode." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569659.

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This work reports the use of the vibrating gold microwire electrode, with new methods developed for the speciation of Zn, Cu, Mn and As at natural levels in waters of neutral pH. Trace metals and metalloids can be distributed as different species in the environment, which can control mobility, toxicity and bioavailability and in turn depends on many complex factors. Analysis of this distribution (speciation) can provide an understanding of the relationship between such elements and their relationship with organisms in marine environments and humans through contaminated drinking water supplies. Such speciation can be analysed using a vibrating gold microwire electrode (VGME), which is easily prepared and maintained at minimal cost. High sensitivity is found for trace metals: Mn; Cu and Zn; and the metalloid As, resulting from a very low diffusion layer (~0.8 urn for a Sum gold wire) means that they can be measured at trace levels in natural waters. This combined with the VGME's portability, reliability and stability for long term measurement (repeated measurements over several days) and its capability to distinguish between distinct forms ofthe above trace elements mean that speciation methods could be successfully developed and validated in natural waters, with no, or minimal sample preparation. Such methods made it possible to analyse speciation on-site, which decreases the potential problems inherent in maintaining sample speciation during storage. Contamination of groundwater with As is a major health risk through contamination of drinking and irrigation water supplies. In geochemically reducing conditions As is mostly present as ASIII, which is why a method that uses cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) to determine reactive AS"I was developed. The ASIII is detected after adsorptive deposition of As(OHho, followed by a potential scan to measure the reduction current from AsIII to Aso. The method is suitable for waters of pH 7-12. The CSV method was successfully applied to groundwaters from Severn Trent, UK, however speciation using this method is severely hampered by high levels of iron and manganese. Experiments showed that the interference is eliminated by addition of EDTA, making it possible to determine the arsenic speciation on-site by CSV in West Bengal, India. The VGME is also used to detect nanomolar levels of dissolved Mn by anodic stripping chronopotentiometry (ASC) and sub-nanomolar levels of dissolved Zn by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) in neutral pH seawater. The limits of detection for Mn (1.4 nM) and for Zn (0.3 nM) in seawater with a 300 s plating time, are better than achieved using other non-mercury based electrodes and nearly as good as a mercury film electrode for Zn. Deposition of Mn at the VGME was further utilised to catalyse the reduction of Asv to ASIII, enabling for the first time the direct electrochemical determination of Asv in natural waters of neutral pH including seawater by ASV using a manganese coated gold microwire electrode. Direct electrochemical determination of Asv in neutral pH waters is impossible due to its electro-inactivity. Therefore Mn is added to excess (~1 JlM Mn) to the water leading to a Mn coating during the deposition of Asv on the electrode, when depositing at -1.3 V. The detection limit was 0.2 nM Asv using a deposition time of 180 s. Speciation of Cu is determined without the need for sample preparation, using scanned stripping techniques for the first time at natural levels in seawater. A desorption potential (-1.2 V) and a conditioning interval between scans make the VG ME suitable for on-site and potentially in-situ copper speciation. The resulting pseudopolarograms are analysed using an experimentally constructed 'chelate scale' to determine the strength of copper ligand interactions in real seawater samples.

5

Campbell, Robert Charles James. "Speciation of metals and metalloids in tobacco and tobacco smoke : implications for health and regulation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5728.

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Some metals and metalloids make significant contributions to the harmful effects of tobacco consumption although understanding the mechanisms involved in toxicity is hampered by the lack of information on their chemical and valence species, both in tobacco and in smoke. This research addresses the speciation of the metals and metalloids most frequently implicated, particularly those elements that exist in nature in multiple valence states, namely arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), there being considerable differences in toxicity with oxidation state. A strategy was devised to overcome some of the problems that have thwarted earlier attempts at speciation. Firstly tobacco plants were cultivated under controlled conditions in compost burdened with high levels of metals and metalloids resulting in leaf with up to 250 µg g⁻¹ As, although Cr uptake was less successful. Secondly valence speciation even at the exceptionally low concentrations of As and Cr in smoke from unburdened tobacco was achieved with XANES analysis using the exceptionally bright Diamond synchrotron source. This revealed that combustion of tobacco has a marked effect on valence speciation with As(III), the reduced form of As, dominating (and persisting) in condensate of tobacco smoke while ash is dominated by the oxidised form, As(V). Chromium also appears to be present in smoke mainly as reduced Cr(III) species. HPLC-ICPMS analysis of arsenic indicates the dominance of inorganic over organic species (~4:1). Other metals were investigated in less detail. These findings establish that arsenic is present in smoke in its most toxic form and represents a significant risk to health. Conversely smokers appear to be exposed to the less harmful species of chromium. These results support a recent WHO report that includes As but not Cr in a list of four metals and metalloids recommended for regulation in crops and commercial products in the interests of public health.

6

Duval, Bastien. "Ecodynamics of trace metals and metalloids in Pyrenean lakes in relation to climate change and anthropogenic pressure." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU3046.

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La gestion et la conservation des lacs de haute montagne Pyrénéens dans le contexte actuel du changement climatique et de l’augmentation de la pression anthropique nécessitent une connaissance approfondie de leur fonctionnement biogéochimique. Dans cette thèse, cinq campagnes d’échantillonnage ont été réalisées (2017-2019) dans plus de 20 lacs alpins. L’analyse d’échantillons d’eau nous a permis d’étudier les teneurs, les profils en profondeurs, la répartition géographique, et les variations saisonnières de nombreuses caractéristiques physico-chimiques et biogéochimiques. Le cycle du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et le devenir des Eléments Traces Potentiellement Dangereux (PHTEs) ont été étudiés. Le mercure (Hg) a été particulièrement étudié au travers du développement d’une procédure analytique pour la détermination de concentrations en traces dans les eaux naturelles et de recherches biogéochimiques sur la distribution et le devenir des espèces du Hg dans la colonne d’eau, et dans des archives de sédiments.La procédure développée pour analyser l’alcalinité totale (TA) et le carbone inorganique dissous (DIC) nous a permis de déterminer les autres paramètres du système du CO2, le pH et la fugacité du CO2 (fCO2). Les spécificités du substrat rocheux apparaissent essentielles pour l’état d’acidification des lacs étudiés. De plus, les valeurs de fCO2 obtenues montrent que les lacs sont des sources de CO2 pour l’atmosphère.La mesure de divers paramètres physico-chimiques nous a permis de classer les lacs en fonction de leur géochimie de l’eau mettant en évidence l’importance de l’état trophique des lacs, des caractéristiques géologiques et des apports atmosphériques. La présence, les sources et le comportement des PHTEs ont été étudiés, démontrant un contraste entre les apports géologiques et atmosphériques. Le suivi intensif a démontré que certains PHTEs sont très sensibles aux changements environnementaux comme la température et les conditions redox.La mesure des concentrations de Hg total dans les systèmes aquatiques reste complexe et il est nécessaire de développer des méthodes analytiques moins coûteuses et faciles d’utilisation. La méthode développée et optimisée dans ce travail a été appliquée avec succès et a montré une bonne limite de détection et une excellente répétabilité. La spéciation du Hg dans la colonne d’eau a démontré l’état intact et la dynamique des lacs Pyrénéens. L’homogénéité dans les concentrations de Hg total non-gazeux a confirmé l’absence de sources locales et l’utilisation potentielle de ces écosystèmes en tant que sentinelles de la contamination régionale et globale du Hg. Alors que lemercure inorganique (iHg) n’a pas montré de variations saisonnières, le monométhylmercure (MMHg) a été significativement plus élevé en automne 2018 et le mercure gazeux dissous (DGM) a fortement varié parmi les lacs. Les expérimentation in-situ ont confirmé les conditions qui favorisent la méthylation (eaux anoxiques stratifiées), la déméthylation et la photoréduction (intense lumière UV) du Hg.L’analyse des archives de sédiments a mis en lumière les tendances temporelles des taux d’accumulation du Hg (HgARs), avec une augmentation progressive depuis le 16ème siècle et l’industrialisation, reflétant la production de Hg dans les mines d’Almadén. Les isotopes stables du Hg permettent de tracer certaines sources anthropiques ainsi que les variations climatiques passées.Globalement, les changements environnementaux dans les écosystèmes des lacs, provoqués à la fois par les conditions climatiques (température, intensité lumineuse) et la pression anthropique (apports atmosphériques, eutrophisation, CO2 atmosphérique) sont susceptibles d’entrainer des répercussions importantes parmi le CO2, certains PHTEs et le cycle biogéochimique du Hg dans les écosystèmes montagnards
The management and conservation of Pyrenean high mountain lakes within the current context of climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure require detailed knowledge of their biogeochemical functioning. In this doctoral thesis, five sampling campaigns were carried out (2017-2019) in more than 20 alpine lakes. The analysis of water samples allowed us to study the occurrence, the depth profiles, the geographical distribution and the seasonal trends of a large array of physico-chemical and biogeochemical parameters. Specifically, the cycle of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the fate of Potentially Harmful Trace Elements (PHTEs) were investigated. The mercury (Hg) was specially studied through the development of an analytical procedure for the measurement of trace concentrations in natural waters and through biogeochemical investigations on the distribution and the fate of Hg species in the water column, as well as in sediment archives.The new and robust procedure developed in this work to measure the total alkalinity (TA) and the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) allowed us to determine the other two parameters of the CO2 system, the pH and the fugacity of CO2 (fCO2). The bedrock characteristics of the watershed appear to be the most important parameters influencing the acid status of the studied lakes. Moreover, obtained fCO2 values indicate that lakes are sources of CO2 for the atmosphere.The measurement of various physico-chemical parameters allowed us to discriminate and classify the studied lakes according to their water geochemistry, highlighting the importance of the trophic status of the lakes, the geological background and the atmospheric inputs. The occurrence, sources and behaviour of the PHTEs were investigated with evidence of a contrast between geological and atmospheric inputs. Intensive monitoring revealed some PHTEs to be highly sensitive to environmental changes such as temperature and redox conditions.Monitoring natural concentrations of total Hg in aquatic systems remains a difficult challenge and there is a need for the development of low cost and easy handling analytical methods. The method for analysis of trace Hg concentrations developed and optimized in this work was successfully operational and exhibits a suitable limit of detection and an excellent reproducibility. Hg speciation results in the water column demonstrated the pristine state and the dynamic of the Pyrenean lakes. The homogeneity in the non-gaseous total Hg concentrations in the studied lakes confirmed the absence of local sources and the potential use of these ecosystems as sentinels of regional to global Hg contamination. While inorganic mercury (iHg) did not show seasonal variations, monomethylmercury(MMHg) was significantly higher in autumn 2018 and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) varied strongly within and among lakes. In-situ experiments confirmed the conditions that promote Hg methylation (stratified anoxic waters), demethylation and photoreduction (intense UV light).The historical Hg record in sediment archives highlighted temporal trends in Hg accumulation rates (HgARs) with a progressive increase since the 16th Century and the industrialization, mirroring the Hg production in Almadén mines (Southern Spain). Besides, Hg stable isotopes allow the identification of distinct anthropogenic sources as well as past climate variability.Overall, environmental changes in lake ecosystems, induced by either climatic conditions (temperature, light intensity) or anthropogenic pressure (atmospheric inputs, eutrophication, atmospheric CO2) are likely to produce significant impacts among CO2, specific PHTEs and Hg biogeochemical cycles in mountainous ecosystems

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Peres, Sara Isabel de Carvalho. "Fitoestabilização de sedimentos contaminados por metais e metalóides." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7430.

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Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Wastes of a former steel industry were deposited during 40 years on the left bank of the Coina River, an affluent of the Tagus River, near its estuary, creating a landfill that is connected to the river itself. Tides penetrate and exit the landfill, creating a periodic lagoon that shows resemblances to the salt marshes nearby, being colonized by salt marsh plants. This study aims: a) to evaluate the level of contamination of the lagoon by doing a biogeochemi-cal study, b) to evaluate the level of dispersion of the contaminants through a leaching assay, and c) to evaluate the capacity of Tamarix africana Poiret to be used in the phytostabilization of the contaminated sediment. The sediment is considered contaminated by As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. It also presents high con-centrations in Fe and Al. The contaminant chemical elements seem to be associated to the sediment phases (adsorbed, co-precipitated etc.), as the concentrations of the elements were very low in pore water and leachates, as well as in the river water. Salt marsh plants are able to uptake contaminants without showing signs of toxicity, being the contaminants mostly retained in the roots. Tamarix africana shows potential to be used for phytostabilization, but with caution, as this species can excrete contaminants by its leaves leading to the precipitation of salts.

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Tapia, Joseline. "Sources, mobility and bioavailability of metals and metalloids in the mining and smelter impacted altiplanean city of Oruro, Bolivia." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755310.

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Oruro est situé dans l'Altiplano Bolivien à 230 km au sud de La Paz. Le principal système hydrologique est endoréique et est constitué par les sous-bassins du lac Titicaca-rivière Desaguadero-lac Poopó-salar du Coipasa (TDPS). Cette zone présente une saison sèche (DS) et une saison humide (WS). Malgré l'existence de la WS, les précipitations sont rares, néanmoins, l'intensité augmente interannuellement associé aux événements ENSO. Géomorphologiquement, ce site est composé de: l'Altiplano et la Cordillère Occidentale liés aux dépôts épithermaux et Cu et la Cordillère Orientale liée aux nombreuses ceintures métallogéniques, la plus connue est la ceinture de Sn. Le Département d'Oruro est situé dans la partie centrale de cette ceinture, et malgré le fait que cette ville a été soumise à des activités minières depuis le XVIIème siècle, les caractéristiques géochimiques et les processus de dispersion qui affectent cette zone sont peu connus. Les faits exposés précédemment, ont motivé une étude géochimique détaillée des carottes sédimentaires lacustres dans ce domaine. Deux campagnes de carottage (DS et WS) ont permit de récupérer 5 carottes sédimentaires, 4 dans le lac Uru Uru (2 en DS et 2 en WS) et une à la lagoon Cala Cala (18 km E d'Oruro), ce dernier pour déterminer le fond géochimique local. Analyses de laboratoire ont été effectuées au Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie (LMTG, Toulouse), où un total de 91 échantillons de sédiments et 222 échantillons des eaux interstitielles (PW) ont été étudiés. Le fond géochimique et les sources des éléments traces nous ont permis de proposer que le fond géochimique naturel de As et Sb est significativement plus élevé par rapport de la croûte continentale supérieure (UCC), les niveaux de fond mondial, les centres industriels et les sites miniers historiques. Ces conclusions nous ont permis de soutenir l'utilisation des coefficients d'enrichissement (EF) locaux et jeter l'utilisation de l'UCC pour calculer les EFs. Il existe une multiplicité de sources des contaminants qui ont difficulté la discrimination entre apports naturelles et apports anthropiques dans ce bassin. Cependant, nous proposons que l'impact anthropique dans les sols superficiels est liée à la dispersion des éléments traces par la Fonderie de Vinto, tandis que le lac Uru Uru est plutôt influencé par les activités minières. Études de diagenèse précoce, nous ont permis de déterminer que les éléments traces au sein du lagoon Cala Cala sont moins disponibles et mobiles que dans le lac Uru Uru et des fortes concentrations des éléments traces en solution sont expliqués par la proximité des ceintures métallogéniques situées le long de la Cordillère Orientale, et non par influence anthropique. Le nord du lac Uru Uru présente des concentrations inférieures moyennes des éléments traces dissous et leur comportement est fortement associée à des changements saisonniers, parce que l'environnement réductrice atteint au cours de la WS entraîne la libération des éléments traces que la dissolution réductrice des oxyhydroxides de Mn a lieu. Dans ce domaine, le comportement des éléments traces dans l'état solide montrent des changements modérés entre les différentes saisons. Les éléments traces dans le sud du lac Uru Uru sont les plus réactifs, disponibles et mobiles. Au cours de la DS le comportement des éléments traces dissous est associé à l'évaporation, cette réaction n'a pas été observée au cours de la WS. Les plus fortes concentrations du Sb et Mo dissous se trouvent dans cette région pendant les deux saisons et Cd que pendant la DS. Dans ce domaine, le partitionnement à l'état solide (SSP) montre des changements de fractionnement importants lors de la WS, impliquant que les éléments traces peuvent être facilement libérés dans l'eau interstitielle lorsque les conditions de réduction sont établies, les éléments les plus instables sont Mo, U, Sb, Pb et Cd. Cette zone affiche le souci environnemental plus important, parce que, encore l'influence de la WS, on trouve l'influence anthropique associé à la Mine de Huanuni, probablement en apportant Sb (et Mo) dissous (et comme le montre autre étude, Mo représente une compétition pour le Cu en induisant des carences alimentaires pour animaux de ferme). Nous soulignons que c'est dans ce domaine où la plupart de la flore et faune vive et de la pêche est généralement pratiqué. On recommande de déterminer le comportement des éléments traces dans la WC, spécialement au cours de la WS et La Niña événements. En ce qui concerne l'influent de l'exploitation minière et le climat sur le dépôt des sédiments dans l'Altiplano, il a été déterminé que au cours du dernier siècle, l'exploitation et la production de Sn a influencé le dépôt de Sb-Ag-Pb dans les sédiments du lac Uru Uru. En outre, événements ENSO pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la production de minéraux authigènes pendant la diagenèse précoce. Enfin, nous proposons que le dépôt des éléments traces est influencé principalement par trois sources: la géologie locale, la formation des minéraux authigènes sous l'influence probable des événements froids ENSO (La Niña) et les gangues et minerais d'origine minérogénétiques.

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Archer, Jane Katherine. "Aqueous exposure and uptake of heavy metals and metalloids by communities living alongside the mining contaminated Rio Pilcomayo, Bolivia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429948.

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Tapia, Zamora Joseline Soledad. "Sources, Mobility and Bioavailability of Trace Metals and Metalloids in the Historically Mining and Smelter Impacted Altiplanean City of Oruro, Bolivia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102587.

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Книги з теми "Metals/metalloids":

1

Halka, Monica. Metals and metalloids. New York, NY: Facts On File, 2010.

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2

Hurst, Christon J., ed. Microbial Metabolism of Metals and Metalloids. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97185-4.

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3

West, Krista. The basics of metals and metalloids. New York: Rosen Publishing, 2014.

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4

Aftab, Tariq, ed. Metals and Metalloids in Plant Signaling. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59024-5.

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5

Stone, F. Gordon A., and Robert West. Multiply bonded main group metals and metalloids. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.

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1928-, West Robert, and Stone, F. Gordon A. 1925-, eds. Multiply bonded main group metals and metalloids. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996.

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7

Łobinski, Ryszard. Spectrochemical trace analysis for metals and metalloids. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1995.

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Łobinski, Ryszard. Spectrochemical trace analysis for metals and metalloids. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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9

Szefer, Piotr. Metals, metalloids, and radionuclides in the Baltic Sea escosystem. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.

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10

Violante, Antonio, Pan Ming Huang, and Geoffrey Michael Gadd, eds. Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470175484.

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Частини книг з теми "Metals/metalloids":

1

Reddy, K. Ramesh, Ronald D. DeLaune, and Patrick W. Inglett. "Metals/Metalloids." In Biogeochemistry of Wetlands, 509–41. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429155833-12.

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2

Reichelt-Brushett, Amanda, and Graeme Batley. "Metals and Metalloids." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 101–27. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10127-4_5.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces you to metalsand metalloids that are a concern to the health of marine ecosystems. It provides a general chemical understanding of important metals and metalloids, their sources, behaviour, impacts and management. Metals, metalloids and non-metals all make up the periodic table (Appendix II) and are classified into these categories according to their properties. Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity and are malleable and ductile, making them very useful to humans and therefore economically valuable. Metalloids sit on the periodic table in a jagged line at the division between metals and non-metals and have intermediate properties.

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Escudero, Leticia B., Pamela Y. Quintas, Rodolfo G. Wuilloud, and Guilherme L. Dotto. "Biosorption of Metals and Metalloids." In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, 35–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92162-4_2.

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4

Ariza, Maria E., Gautam N. Bijur, and Marshall V. Williams. "Metals, Metalloids and Oxidative Stress." In Environmental Metal Pollutants, Reactive Oxygen Intermediaries and Genotoxicity, 53–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5153-9_3.

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5

Ariza, Maria E., Gautam N. Bijur, and Marshall V. Williams. "Metals, Metalloids and Genetic Stability." In Environmental Metal Pollutants, Reactive Oxygen Intermediaries and Genotoxicity, 97–129. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5153-9_4.

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Sahinkaya, Erkan, Deniz Uçar, and Anna H. Kaksonen. "Bioprecipitation of Metals and Metalloids." In Sustainable Heavy Metal Remediation, 199–231. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58622-9_7.

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Kaksonen, Anna H., Naomi J. Boxall, Kayley M. Usher, Deniz Ucar, and Erkan Sahinkaya. "Biosolubilisation of Metals and Metalloids." In Sustainable Heavy Metal Remediation, 233–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58622-9_8.

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Olson, G. J., and F. E. Brinckman. "Other Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 430–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145319.ch182.

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Rudakiya, Darshan M., and Yogesh Patel. "Bioremediation of Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals." In Microbial Rejuvenation of Polluted Environment, 33–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7455-9_2.

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10

Ramesh, Bellemkonda, Srinivasan Kameswaran, Ch Venkatrayulu, Somavarapu Silpa, M. Subhosh Chandra, G. Vidya Sagar Reddy, and K. Naveen Kumar. "Microbial Interaction with Metals and Metalloids." In Innovations in Biotechnology for a Sustainable Future, 243–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80108-3_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Metals/metalloids":

1

Abrosimova, Natalya. "TREATMENT OF NEUTRAL MINE WATERS FROM METALS AND METALLOIDS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/51/s20.135.

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Hudcová, Barbora. "Removal of Metals and Metalloids by Mg-Fe Layered Double Hydroxides." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71360.

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3

Alsafran, Mohammed, Kamal Usman, Hareb Al Jabri, and Muhammad Rizwan. "Ecological and Health Risks Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals and Metalloids Contaminants." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0015.

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Potentially toxic environmental contaminants, including metals and metalloids, are commonly found in emerging economies. At high concentrations, elements such as As, Cr, and Ni can be hazardous and may lead to various health problems in humans, including cancer. The current study measured As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn concentrations in agricultural soils. Pollution levels and potential negative impacts on human and environmental health were determined using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard methodologies. According to the study’s findings, the studied element concentrations descended in the following order: Zn > Cr > V > Ni > As > Cu > Pb > Cd. Of these, As (27.6 mg/kg), Cr (85.7 mg/kg), Ni (61.9 mg/kg), and Zn (92.3 mg/kg) concentrations were higher than average world background levels. Each of these elements also had an enrichment factor (EF > 1), indicating their anthropogenic origin. The combined pollution load index (PLI > 1) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) range values of −0.2–2.5 further indicated that the soil was polluted up to 58%. However, the ecological risk factor (Er ≤ 40.6) and potential ecological risk index (PERI = 79.6) suggested low ecological risk. A human health risk evaluation showed that only As, with a hazard index (HI) of 1.3, posed a non-carcinogenic risk to infants. Additionally, As, Cr, and Ni, with total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values of 1.18 × 10−4 and 2.06 × 10−4 for adults and children, respectively, proved carcinogenic to both age groups. The elements’ carcinogenic risk (CR) potential descended in the following order: Ni > As > Cr. Additionally, for both adults and children, oral ingestion is the most likely exposure pathway. Our findings support the need for closer monitoring of potentially toxic metals and metalloids levels in cultivated soils and farm produce in Qatar.

4

Vincevica-Gaile, Zane. "FRACTION DISTRIBUTION AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF METALS AND METALLOIDS IN SOIL OF DIFFERENT TYPES." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s13.020.

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5

Pasquet, Romain, Elisabeth Cardis, Lesley Richardson, Jérôme Lavoué, Jack Siemiatycki, and Anita Koushik. "P043 The association between occupational exposure to metals and metalloids and brain cancer risk." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.367.

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6

Abongwa, Pride, Rawlings Akondi, and Walter Den. "ISOTOPIC, AND MICRO-BIOGEOCHEMICAL CONTROLS ON THE CYCLING OF METALS AND METALLOIDS IN LOW-TEMPERATURE AQUEOUS SYSTEMS." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-369306.

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Bowell, Robert, Julien Declercq, and Heather Jamieson. "Mineralogy in Geochemical modelling Role of Sulfide oxidation and Secondary Minerals in the attenuation of Metals and Metalloids." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.4470.

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Moutsatsou, A., and V. Protonotarios. "Production of synthetic zeolites from lignite - calcareous Greek fly ashes and their potential for metals and metalloids retention." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm060061.

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Žižić, Milan V., Miroslav Z. Živić, Kristina D. Atlagić, Maja A. Karaman, and Joanna Zakrzewska. "INFLUENCE OF VANADIUM ON THE GROWTH AND METABOLISM OF COPRINELLUS TRUNCORUM FUNGAL MYCELIUM." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.304z.

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Fungi could absorb heavy metals, metalloids, or radionuclides, thus fungal species possess great potential in bioremediation. Since fungi absorb the vanadium, in the present study ability of Coprinellus truncorum mycelia for vanadate uptake and its intracellular metabolism were investigated. The submerged cultivated C. truncorum was exposed to a rising concentration of vanadate. 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate phosphate metabolism of the mycelium, while the status of vanadium in the cell was followed by 51V NMR spectroscopy. The mycelium could grow, and overcome vanadate presence, up to the concentration of 1.6 mM in the submerged medium. 31P NMR measurements pointed out that vanadate induced changes in the concentration of the crucial metabolite containing phosphorus, particularly sugar phosphates. The major result of vanadate action is evinced through an appearance of a signal positioned at around 2.8 ppm, and an increased signal of hexose- phosphates. Using 51V NMR spectroscopy the presence of vanadate monomer in the mycelia of the fungal cell was confirmed.

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Bonciani, Neri, Karen Feilberg, and Matteo Ottaviani. "The offshore oil production in the Danish North Sea: What is the environmental impact of metals and metalloids in co-produced water?" In Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.18009.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Metals/metalloids":

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Gadd, M. G., J. M. Peter, T A Fraser, and D. Layton-Matthews. Paleoredox and lithogeochemical indicators of the environment of formation and genesis of the Monster River hyper-enriched black shale showing, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328004.

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Northern Yukon hosts occurrences of Middle Devonian hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) Ni-Mo-Zn-platinum-group element-Au-Re mineralization, including the Monster River showing in the Ogilvie Mountains. This mineralization has been documented predominantly in the Paleozoic Richardson trough; however, the Monster River showing is atypical, occurring within the Blackstone trough, more than 200 km to the west on the southern margin of the Yukon block. The ambient paleoredox conditions of the marine water column and sediments may be primary controlling factors in HEBS formation. We use major and trace element lithogeochemistry to better understand ambient paleoenvironmental redox conditions through the application of robust redox proxies to HEBS mineralization and host rocks. Uniformly negative Ce anomalies (0.6-0.9) indicate that the water column was predominantly suboxic throughout the deposition interval, even during HEBS mineralization. Although there is a strong terrigenous influence on the rare earth element-yttrium (REE-Y) abundances of the sedimentary rocks, superchondritic Y/Ho ratios (&gt;27) indicate that seawater contributed REE-Y to the host rocks and HEBS. High (&gt;10) authigenic Mo/U ratios indicate that a Fe-Mn particulate shuttle operated in the water column; this is corroborated by negative Ce anomalies and high Y/Ho ratios. The data indicate that metalliferous sedimentary rocks formed by hydrogenous metal enrichment (e.g. Ni, Mo, Pt) caused by ferromanganese oxyhydroxide particulate shuttling as chemical sediments; moreover, the REE- and Mo-based paleoenvironmental indicators suggest a complexly redox-stratified depositional environment with an abundant supply of metals, metalloids, and sulfur.

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Hall, G. E. M. Cost-effective protocols for the collection, filtration an dpreservation of surface waters for detection of metals and metalloids at ppb (?g 1-1) and ppt (ng -1-1) levels phase I: evaluation of bottle type, bottle cleaning, filter and preservation technique. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/306940.

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