Готові списки джерел за темами / Metal extrusion additive manufacturing

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Metal extrusion additive manufacturing"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Metal extrusion additive manufacturing":

1

Langelandsvik, Geir, Magnus Eriksson, Odd M. Akselsen, and Hans J. Roven. "Wire arc additive manufacturing of AA5183 with TiC nanoparticles." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 119, no. 1-2 (November 13, 2021): 1047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08287-6.

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AbstractAluminium alloys processed by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) exhibit a relatively coarse microstructure with a columnar morphology. A powerful measure to refine the microstructure and to enhance mechanical properties is to promote grain refinement during solidification. Addition of ceramic nanoparticles has shown great potential as grain refiner and strengthening phase in aluminium alloys. Thus, an Al-Mg alloy mixed with TiC nanoparticles was manufactured by the novel metal screw extrusion method to a wire and subsequently deposited by WAAM. Measures to restrict oxidation of magnesium during metal screw extrusion were examined. Purging of CO2 gas into the extrusion chamber resulted in a remarkable reduction in formation of MgO and Mg(OH)2. TiC decomposed to Al3Ti during WAAM deposition, leading to a significant grain refinement of 93% compared to a commercial benchmark. The presence of remaining TiC nanoparticles accounted for an increased hardness of the WAAM material through thermal expansion mismatch strengthening and Orowan strengthening. Exposure of TiC to moisture in air during metal screw extrusion increased the internal hydrogen content significantly, and a highly porous structure was seen after WAAM deposition.
2

Costa, José, Elsa Sequeiros, Maria Teresa Vieira, and Manuel Vieira. "Additive Manufacturing." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 7, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_007.003_0005.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the most trending technologies nowadays, and it has the potential to become one of the most disruptive technologies for manufacturing. Academia and industry pay attention to AM because it enables a wide range of new possibilities for design freedom, complex parts production, components, mass personalization, and process improvement. The material extrusion (ME) AM technology for metallic materials is becoming relevant and equivalent to other AM techniques, like laser powder bed fusion. Although ME cannot overpass some limitations, compared with other AM technologies, it enables smaller overall costs and initial investment, more straightforward equipment parametrization, and production flexibility.This study aims to evaluate components produced by ME, or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), with different materials: Inconel 625, H13 SAE, and 17-4PH. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of manufactured parts were evaluated, confirming the process effectiveness and revealing that this is an alternative for metal-based AM.
3

Fabrizio, Matteo, Matteo Strano, Daniele Farioli, and Hermes Giberti. "Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of PEI Pellets." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 6 (December 8, 2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060157.

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The simplest, most cost-efficient, and most widespread Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (EAM). Usually, EAM is performed with filament feedstock, but using pellets instead of filaments yields many benefits, including significantly lower cost and a wider choice of materials. High-performance polymers offer high strength even when produced with AM technique, allowing to produce near-net-shape functional parts. The production of these materials in filament form is still limited and expensive; therefore, in this paper, the possibility of producing AM components with engineering polymers from pellets will be thoroughly investigated. In this work, the effectiveness of a specially designed AM machine for printing high-performance materials in pellet form was tested. The material chosen for the investigation is PEI 1000 which offers outstanding mechanical and thermal properties, giving the possibility to produce with EAM functional components. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out to define a process window in terms of thermal process parameters by observing different response variables. Using the process parameters in the specified range, the additive manufactured material has been mechanically tested, and its microstructure has been investigated, both in dried and undried conditions. Finally, a rapid tool for sheet metal forming has been produced.
4

Tateno, Toshitake, Akira Kakuta, Hayate Ogo, and Takaya Kimoto. "Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Extrusion of Metal Powder Suspension for Additive Manufacturing." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 775–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0775.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) using metal materials can be used to manufacture metal parts with complex shapes that are difficult to manufacture with subtractive processing. Recently, numerous commercial AM machines for metallic materials have been developed. The primary types of AM using metallic materials are powder bed fusion or direct energy deposition. Other types using metallic materials have not been adequately studied. In this study, the use of the material extrusion (ME) type of AM is investigated. The aim is to use metallic materials not only for fabricating metal parts but also for adding various properties to base materials, e.g., electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, weight, strength, and color of plastics. ME is appropriate for use with various materials by mixing different types of filler. However, there is a problem in that the high density of metal fillers generates unstable extrusion. Therefore, ultrasonic vibration was used for assisting extrusion. A prototype system was developed using an extrusion nozzle vibrated by an ultrasonic homogenizer. The experimental results showed that the ultrasonic vibration allows materials to be extruded smoothly. Three dimensional (3D) shapes could be built by multi-layer deposition with a thixotropic polymer containing a highly concentrated steel powder. As one application, a 3D-shaped object was fabricated as a sintered object. After the vibration effect in the extrusion process of steel powder and clay was confirmed, a 3D object built by the proposed method was sintered through a baking process.
5

Jabbari, Amin, and Karen Abrinia. "A metal additive manufacturing method: semi-solid metal extrusion and deposition." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 94, no. 9-12 (September 25, 2017): 3819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-1058-7.

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6

Langelandsvik, Geir, Mathieu Grandcolas, Kristian G. Skorpen, Trond Furu, Odd M. Akselsen, and Hans Jørgen Roven. "Development of Al-TiC Wire Feedstock for Additive Manufacturing by Metal Screw Extrusion." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111485.

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The development of customised aluminium alloys for welding and additive manufacturing (AM) is proposed to solve several quality issues and to enhance the mechanical integrity of components. The introduction of ceramic grain refining agents shows great potential as alloy addition as to limit cracking susceptibility and increase the strength. Thus, a versatile solid-state manufacturing route for nanoparticle reinforced aluminium wires has been developed based on the metal screw extrusion principle. In fact, the Al-Si alloy AA4043 mixed with 1 wt.% TiC nanoparticles has been manufactured as a wire. The accumulated strain on the material during metal screw extrusion has been estimated, classifying the process as a severe plastic deformation (SPD) method. A chemical reaction between silicon and TiC particles after metal screw extrusion was found, possibly limiting the grain refining effect. Electric arc bead-on-plate deposition was performed with metal screw extruded and commercial material. The addition of TiC induced a grain morphology transition from columnar to equiaxed after electric arc deposition, and increased the hardness. A high amount of porosity was found in the AA4043-TiC material, probably arising from hydrogen contamination on TiC surfaces prior to metal screw extrusion. The results are encouraging as a new direction for aluminium alloy development for additive manufacturing.
7

Krinitcyn, Maksim, Alexandr Pervikov, Natalya Svarovskaya, Alexandr Lozhkomoev, and Marat Lerner. "Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of the Ti6Al4V Alloy Parts." Coatings 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13061067.

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The paper shows the possibility of synthesizing microparticles coated with nanoparticles by electric explosion of a wire made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Particles in which the core is a microparticle and the shell of a nanoparticle can provide effective sliding of the microparticles relative to each other and are promising for obtaining flowable metal-polymer compositions filled with powder up to 70 vol.%. Such compositions are promising feedstocks for the additive molding of complex metal parts, for example, customized implants from the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, by material extrusion. The article describes the properties of feedstock based on micro- and nanoparticles of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the microstructure and some mechanical properties of sintered samples. The structure, bending strength and Vickers hardness of additively formed samples sintered at a temperature of 1200 °C was investigated.
8

Van Sice, Corrie, and Jeremy Faludi. "COMPARING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TO CONVENTIONAL MANUFACTURING." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.67.

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AbstractMetal additive manufacturing (AM) is revered for the design freedom it brings, but is it environmentally better or worse than conventional manufacturing? Since few direct comparisons are published, this study compared AM data from life-cycle assessment literature to conventional manufacturing data from the Granta EduPack database. The comparison included multiple printing technologies for steel, aluminum, and titanium. Results showed that metal AM had far higher CO2 footprints per kg of material processed than casting, extrusion, rolling, forging, and wire drawing, so it is usually a less sustainable choice than these. However, there were circumstances where it was a more sustainable choice, and there was significant overlap between these circumstances and aerospace industry use of metal AM. Notably, lightweight parts reducing embodied material impacts, and reducing use-phase impacts through fuel efficiency. Finally, one key finding was the irrelevance of comparing machining to AM per kg of material processed, since one is subtractive and the other is additive. Recommendations are given for future studies to use more relevant functional units to provide better comparisons.
9

Annoni, Massimiliano, Hermes Giberti, and Matteo Strano. "Feasibility Study of an Extrusion-based Direct Metal Additive Manufacturing Technique." Procedia Manufacturing 5 (2016): 916–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2016.08.079.

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10

Jiang, Dayue, and Fuda Ning. "Bi-metal structures fabricated by extrusion-based sintering-assisted additive manufacturing." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 98 (July 2023): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.05.025.

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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Metal extrusion additive manufacturing":

1

PAKKANEN, JUKKA ANTERO. "Designing for Additive Manufacturing - Product and Process Driven Design for Metals and Polymers." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2714732.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) has broken through to common awareness and to wider industrial utilization in the past decade. The advance of this young technology is still rapid. In spoken language additive manufacturing is referred as 3D printing for plastic material and additive manufacturing is left as an umbrella term for other materials i.e. metallic materials and ceramics. As the utilization of AM becomes more widespread, the design for additive manufacturing becomes more crucial as well as its standardization. Additive manufacturing provides new set of rules with different design freedom in comparison with subtractive manufacturing methods. This is thought to empower product driven designs. However, in the AM methods there are process driven variables that limit the designs functions to what could be manufactured. There are often extra steps after production to finalize the design. Topology optimization utilizes product driven design where material is only where it is needed to be. The design is computed without taking into account any manufacturing constrains and only the design in the final application stage is achieved. Topology optimization algorithm is explored in detail for two algorithms. Then these algorithms are compared in case study I to gain better understanding of the algorithms functions. Case study I consists of 2D and 3D algorithms where a 3D level set method algorithm was written for this purpose. The concept of designing for additive manufacturing is examined for polymeric materials in case study II with a help of topology optimization design software tailored for additive manufacturing market. The parts are manufactured with different AM methods, examined and results are explained. The results show an interesting effect of anisotropy and the manufacture methods effect in the part mechanical properties. On the other hand, process driven design and its concepts important as the manufacturing method dictates, what can and should be done economically. Metal AM process constraints are explored in case study III through accuracy studies in metal additive manufacturing at laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. Accuracy and surface studies are concluded to gain a better understanding of the process and manufacturability of metal parts. The gain knowledge is explaned and examples are shown how these are utilized to make metal parts with tailored properties and with minimal post processing needs.
2

Cumbunga, Judice. "Modeling and optimization of the thermomechanical behavior of metal partsobtained by sintering : Numerical and experimental approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA006.

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Le procédé de frittage sans pression à l'état solide est un traitement thermique appliqué pour améliorer ou ajuster les propriétés du matériau en fonction de son domaine d’application, compte tenu de sa capacité à traiter des pièces à géométrie complexe, de sa grande précision dimensionnelle, de ses petites dimensions et de son adéquation aux matériaux doux et durs. Cependant, la modélisation de ce type de procédé s’avère une tâche difficile, car un modèle approprié doit prendre en compte différents aspects, à savoir le caractère multi-échelle et multiphysique du problème, la forte non-linéarité du matériau, la complexité des géométries et enfin la nature des conditions aux limites, etc. Sur le plan industriel, les paramètres de traitement thermiques appropriés sont principalement obtenus par essais. La simulation numérique permet de réduire les coûts de ces essais et de fournir des prévisions ou des recommandations plus utiles pour la production réelle, que les essais de frittage proprement dits. De nombreux travaux de recherche ont été consacrés aux développements de modèles mathématiques et numériques avec des approches adaptées à différents niveaux ou échelles, tels que la petite échelle (niveau atomique), la méso-échelle (niveau des particules, des grains et des pores), et l'échelle du continuum (niveau des composants). La capacité et la maitrise de pouvoir prédire l'évolution de la microstructure ont placé le modèle mésoscopique (au niveau des particules, des grains et des pores) devant les autres.Sur le plan recherche, la question posée serait donc "Étant donné une pièce brute obtenue par MExAM, comment simuler numériquement l'évolution de la microstructure (à partir d’un état microstructural initial) pour contrôler les changements dans les propriétés thermomécaniques pendant le processus de frittage à l'état solide ?"Un modèle de calcul robuste, basé sur une approche multiphysique et multiéchèle, a été développé, testé et validé. Il permet la prédiction des évolutions de la microstructure et des grandeurs thermiques et mécaniques du matériau. Le modèle repose sur la méthode des éléments finis et prend en compte de manière progressive les couplages multiphysiques (thermique, mécanique et microstructure) influant sur le comportement du matériau. Un traitement particulier a été étudié pour la prise en compte des phénomènes non linéaires. Les résultats des différentes simulations ont montré que le modèle développé est capable de prédire avec une précision correcte le comportement du processus de frittage. Le cas particulier du comportement du matériau pour le MExAM a été présentée, ainsi que la manière d'utiliser le modèle pour optimiser ses propriétés thermomécaniques. L'optimisation a été réalisée en couplant les résultats des différentes simulations avec la méthode Taguchi. Il faut souligner que les résultats obtenus à partir de l'analyse des propriétés des matériaux témoignent de la réussite de l'application du modèle, tant du point de vue de la prévision du comportement microstructural et thermomécanique du matériau, que du point de vue de l'optimisation de ses propriétés
The pressureless solid-state sintering process is a thermal treatment applied to improve or adjust material properties according to its field of application, given its ability to handle parts with complex geometries, high dimensional accuracy, small dimensions and suitability for soft and hard materials. However, modeling this type of process proves to be a difficult task, as an appropriate model needs to take into account various aspects, namely the multi-scale and multi-physics character of the problem, the high non-linearity of the material, the complexity of the geometries and, last but not least, the type of boundary conditions. From an industrial point of view, the appropriate heat treatment parameters are mainly obtained by trial and error. Numerical simulation makes it possible to reduce the cost of these tests and to provide more useful predictions or recommendations for actual production, than sintering tests themselves. Numerous research projects have been devoted to the development of mathematical and numerical models with approaches adapted to different levels or scales, such as the small scale (atomic level), the meso-scale (particle, grain and pore level), and the continuum scale (component level). The ability to predict the evolution of microstructure has put the mesoscopic model (at particle, grain and pore level) ahead of the others.In research terms, the question posed would therefore be "Given a untreated part obtained by MExAM, how can we numerically simulate the evolution of the microstructure (from an initial microstructural state) to control changes in thermomechanical properties during the solid-state sintering process ?"A robust computational model, based on a multiphysics and multi-scale approach, has been developed, tested and validated. It enables us to predict the evolution of the material's microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties. The model is based on the finite element method, and progressively takes into account the multiphysical couplings (thermal, mechanical and microstructure) that influence the material's behavior. Special considerations have been given to the integration of non-linear phenomena. The results of the various simulations have shown that the model developed is capable of predicting the behavior of the sintering process with correct accuracy. The special case of material behavior for MExAM was presented, as well as how to use the model to optimize its thermomechanical properties. Optimization was achieved by coupling the results of the various simulations with the Taguchi method. It should be noted that the results obtained from the analysis of material properties confirm the successful application of the model, both in predicting the microstructural and thermomechanical behavior of the material, and in optimizing its properties
3

Go, Jamison. "High-throughput extrusion-based additive manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101812.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 171-179).
Additive manufacturing (AM), the process of building objects layer by layer from a three dimensional digital model, is gaining significance due to its ability to create unique geometries and/or novel material compositions while spanning a wide range of length scales. However, the viability of using AM for the production of end-use parts hinges on improvements to production speed without making sacrifices to quality. This thesis seeks to understand the rate-limits to extrusion-based AM, commonly referred to as fused deposition modeling (FDM), and to demonstrate this understanding via the design and fabrication of a high-throughput extrusion AM platform. Three subsystems - the pinch wheel extruder, the conduction liquefier, and the open loop series gantry - were identified as rate limiting to conventional FDM systems via module level experimentation and analysis. These limitations motivated the development of three alternate mechanisms -a screw-feed extruder, a laser-heated extruder, and H-frame gantry - which are designed to overcome the limitations of conventional techniques. These mechanisms are combined into a high-throughput desktop-scale prototype, called FastFDM. Using the FastFDM system, test parts are fabricated at twice the material deposition rate of state-of-the-art machines while maintaining comparable accuracy and resolution. The FastFDM approach has promising future applications to the extrusion AM of nanocomposite polymer resins, high-throughput AM of high performance thermoplastics, and adaptation to large-scale extrusion AM systems.
by Jamison Go.
S.M.
4

Braconnier, Daniel J. "Materials Informatics Approach to Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/204.

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Process-structure-property relationships in material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) are complex, non-linear, and poorly understood. Without proper characterization of the effects of each processing parameter, products produced through fused filament fabrication (FFF) and other MEAM processes may not successfully reach the material properties required of the usage environment. The two aims of this thesis were to first use an informatics approach to design a workflow that would ensure the collection of high pedigree data from each stage of the printing process; second, to apply the workflow, in conjunction with a design of experiments (DOE), to investigate FFF processing parameters. Environmental, material, and print conditions that may impact performance were monitored to ensure that relevant data was collected in a consistent manner. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament was used to print ASTM D638 Type V tensile bars. MakerBot Replicator 2X, Ultimaker 3, and Zortrax M200 were used to fabricate the tensile bars. Data was analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA). The magnitude of effect of layer thickness, extrusion temperature, print speed, and print bed temperature on the tensile properties of the final print were determined. Other characterization techniques used in this thesis included: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that printer selection is incredibly important and changes the effects of print parameters; moreover, further investigation is needed to determine the sources of these differences.
5

PEDEMONTE, LAURA CHIARA. "Laser in Metal Additive Manufacturing." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/973605.

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The evolution of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques has had such an exponential increase especially in recent years that various and remarkable techniques have been developed for the production of metallic materials. These techniques allow to obtain products with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Therefore, the different AM techniques that employed metallic materials were analysed and their strengths and weaknesses were considered. In particular, investigations were carried out on artefacts made by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique in two different metal alloys: Inconel-625 and titanium grade 2. In relation to Inconel-625, tomographic analyses were carried out for the detection of ad hoc defects, ultrasound analyses to evaluate anistropy, micrographs and tensile tests to evaluate their mechanical characteristics. The titanium grade 2 products were compared with samples made by the traditional fusion technique to assess their suitability in the dental field. The results show that artefacts made by DMLS technique have overall better features than fusion samples: the defects are less widespread and smaller, the hardness - characteristic of mechanical properties - higher.
6

Malinowski, Maxwell. "High-throughput extrusion additive manufacturing using electrically resistive preheating." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105693.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
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Includes bibliographical references (page 33).
Extrusion-based additive manufacturing, commonly known as fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) is incredibly useful in industry for a variety of reasons, including rapid prototyping and the ability to create complex geometries easily. However, its further adoption is limited by relatively slow part manufacturing rates when compared to conventional manufacturing methods. Previous work has identified three modules within the FDM process which are rate limiting: speed of gantry positioning, polymer heating, and extrusion pressure. Advancements in any one module will allow for higher volumetric output, which will in turn allow for higher rates of production using FDM. This work focuses on polymer heating, and demonstrates a new concept for rapid heating of filament by introducing conductive nanoparticles into the polymer resin and resistively heating sections in flow. This technique can improve the volumetric output of FDM printers by at least 20%. First, the resistive properties of the composite filament are characterized. Second, the concept is experimentally validated by demonstrating a decrease in extrusion force required to maintain a given feed rate when using resistive heating.
by Maxwell Malinowski.
S.B.
7

Byron, Andrew James. "Qualification and characterization of metal additive manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104315.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-123).
Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as an effective and efficient way to digitally manufacture complicated structures. Raytheon Missile Systems seeks to gain limited production capability with metals AM, which can only be achieved with qualified, predictable processes that reduce variation. The project documented in this thesis produced two results needed to qualify AM for use on flight-critical parts: i) creation of a standard qualification process building upon Raytheon's product development knowledge, and ii) selection and identification of key metals AM process factors and their corresponding experimental responses. The project has delivered a qualification test plan and process that will be used next year to drive adoption and integration of Raytheon's metals AM technology. The first phase of the designed experiment on AM process factors was completed by experimenting with coupon orientation, position on the build platform, coupon shape and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment for an Al alloy (AlSi10Mg) produced via laser powder bed fusion using 400-watt laser equipment. Only coupon orientation had a statistically significant effect on dimensional accuracy, increasing the variance of y-axis (within the build plane) error by ~50%, although this is considered a small increase. HIP decreased yield and ultimate stresses by ~60% while increasing ultimate strain by ~250%. Vertical orientation of coupons decreased yield and ultimate stresses by ~25% and increased ultimate strain by ~30%. Small coupon area on the build platform, associated with thin rectangle coupons, decreased yield stress and ultimate strain by ~5%. The processes and case study from this thesis represent a general advance in the adoption of metals AM in aerospace manufacturing.
by Andrew James Byron.
M.B.A.
S.M. in Engineering Systems
8

MURUGAN, VARUN. "Optimized Material Deposition for Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Structural Components." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1464786.

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9

McCarthy, David Lee. "Creating Complex Hollow Metal Geometries Using Additive Manufacturing and Metal Plating." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43530.

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Additive manufacturing introduces a new design paradigm that allows the fabrication of geometrically complex parts that cannot be produced by traditional manufacturing and assembly methods. Using a cellular heat exchanger as a motivational example, this thesis investigates the creation of a hybrid manufacturing approach that combines selective laser sintering with an electroforming process to produce complex, hollow, metal geometries. The developed process uses electroless nickel plating on laser sintered parts that then undergo a flash burnout procedure to remove the polymer, leaving a complex, hollow, metal part. The resulting geometries cannot be produced directly with other additive manufacturing systems. Copper electroplating and electroless nickel plating are investigated as metal coating methods. Several parametric parts are tested while developing a manufacturing process. Copper electroplating is determined to be too dependent on the geometry of the part, with large changes in plate thickness between the exterior and interior of the tested parts. Even in relatively basic cellular structures, electroplating does not plate the interior of the part. Two phases of electroless nickel plating combined with a flash burnout procedure produce the desired geometry. The tested part has a density of 3.16g/cm3 and withstands pressures up to 25MPa. The cellular part produced has a nickel plate thickness of 800µm and consists of 35% nickel and 65% air (empty space). Detailed procedures are included for the electroplating and electroless plating processes developed.
Master of Science
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Cunningham, Ross W. "Defect Formation Mechanisms in Powder-Bed Metal Additive Manufacturing." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1160.

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Metal Additive Manufacturing (AM) provides the means to fabricate complex metallic parts with reduced time to market and material waste and improved design freedom. Industries with strict materials qualifications such as aerospace, biomedical, and automotive are increasingly looking to AM to meet their production needs. However, significant materials-related challenges impede the widespread adoption of these technologies for critical components. In particular, fatigue resistance in as-built parts has proven to be inferior and unpredictable due to the large and variable presence of porosity. This presents a challenge for the qualification of any load bearing part without extensive post-processing, such as Hot Isostatic Pressing, and thorough inspection. Improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind defect formation will assist in designing process improvements to minimize or eliminate defects without relying entirely on postprocessing. In this work, the effects of powder, processing parameters, and post-processing on porosity formation in powder-bed metal AM processes are investigated using X-ray microtomography and a newly developed in-situ high speed radiography technique, Dynamic Xray Radiography. High resolution X-ray computed tomography is used to characterize defect morphology, size, and spatial distribution as a function of process and material inputs. Dynamic X-ray Radiography, which enables the in-situ observation of the laser-metal interactions at frame rates on the order of 100 kHz (and faster), is utilized to understand the dynamic behavior and transitions that occur in the vapor depression across process space. Experimental validation of previously held assumptions regarding defect formation as well as new insights into the influence of the vapor cavity on defect formation are presented.
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Книги з теми "Metal extrusion additive manufacturing":

1

Leach, Richard, and Simone Carmignato. Precision Metal Additive Manufacturing. Edited by Richard Leach and Simone Carmignato. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429436543.

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2

Shrivastava, Parnika, Anil Dhanola, and Kishor Kumar Gajrani. Hybrid Metal Additive Manufacturing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003406488.

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3

Waters, Cynthia K. Materials Technology Gaps in Metal Additive Manufacturing. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/pt-189.

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4

Bian, Linkan, Nima Shamsaei, and John M. Usher, eds. Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing of Metal Parts. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151441.

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5

Ramesh Babu, N., Santosh Kumar, P. R. Thyla, and K. Sripriyan, eds. Advances in Additive Manufacturing and Metal Joining. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7612-4.

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6

Borg Costanzi, Christopher. Reinforcing and Detailing of Thin Sheet Metal Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing as an Application in Facades. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41540-2.

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7

Adaskin, Anatoliy, Aleksandr Krasnovskiy, and Tat'yana Tarasova. Materials science and technology of metallic, non-metallic and composite materials:the technology of manufacturing blanks and parts. Book 2. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1143897.

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Book 2 presents the technologies for manufacturing blanks and parts from metal materials: casting, welding, pressure treatment and cutting. The basics of electroplating technology are given. The technologies of manufacturing parts from non-metallic materials are considered: plastics, rubber, glass, as well as composite materials. The technologies combining the production of composite materials and parts from them are shown. The textbook is supplemented with two chapters reflecting the trends in the development of technology and technology (chapter 28 " Nanostructured materials. Features. Technologies for obtaining. Areas of application", chapter 29 "Additive manufacturing"). Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For bachelors and undergraduates studying in enlarged groups of training areas 15.00.00 "Mechanical Engineering" and 22.00.00 "Materials Technologies". It can be used for training graduate students of machine-building specialties, as well as for advanced training of engineering and technical workers of machine-building enterprises.
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Narayan, Roger J., ed. Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v23a.9781627083928.

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Volume 23A provides a comprehensive review of established and emerging 3D printing and bioprinting approaches for biomedical applications, and expansive coverage of various feedstock materials for 3D printing. The Volume includes articles on 3D printing and bioprinting of surgical models, surgical implants, and other medical devices. The introductory section considers developments and trends in additively manufactured medical devices and material aspects of additively manufactured medical devices. The polymer section considers vat polymerization and powder-bed fusion of polymers. The ceramics section contains articles on binder jet additive manufacturing and selective laser sintering of ceramics for medical applications. The metals section includes articles on additive manufacturing of stainless steel, titanium alloy, and cobalt-chromium alloy biomedical devices. The bioprinting section considers laser-induced forward transfer, piezoelectric jetting, microvalve jetting, plotting, pneumatic extrusion, and electrospinning of biomaterials. Finally, the applications section includes articles on additive manufacturing of personalized surgical instruments, orthotics, dentures, crowns and bridges, implantable energy harvesting devices, and pharmaceuticals. For information on the print version of Volume 23A, ISBN: 978-1-62708-390-4, follow this link.
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Toyserkani, Ehsan, Dipak Kumar Sarkar, Paola Russo, Osezua Obehi Ibhadod, and Farzad Liravi. Metal Additive Manufacturing. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2021.

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Lancaster, Robert J., Alessandro Fortunato, and Stanislav Kolisnychenko. Metal Additive Manufacturing. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/978-3-0357-3752-3.

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Частини книг з теми "Metal extrusion additive manufacturing":

1

Joshi, Sanjay, Richard P. Martukanitz, Abdalla R. Nassar, and Pan Michaleris. "Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes – Jetting- and Extrusion-Based Processes." In Additive Manufacturing with Metals, 151–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37069-4_5.

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2

Bor, T. C., D. H. Strik, S. Sayyad Rezaeinejad, N. G. J. Helthuis, G. S. Vos, M. Luckabauer, and R. Akkerman. "A Feasibility Study on Friction Screw Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of AA6060." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 27–38. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22661-8_3.

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3

Guerra, Maria Grazia, Luigi Morfini, Alessandro Pellegrini, Fankai Meng, Fulvio Lavecchia, Eleonora Ferraris, and Luigi Maria Galantucci. "Material Extrusion-Debinding-Sintering as an Emerging Additive Manufacturing Process Chain for Metal/Ceramic Parts Construction." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 147–82. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54034-9_5.

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4

Wetzig, Tony, Matthias Schwarz, Leandro Schöttler, Patrick Gehre, and Christos G. Aneziris. "Functionalized Feeders, Hollowware, Spider Bricks and Starter Casting Tubes for Increasing the Purity in Steel Casting Processes." In Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration, 815–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_32.

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AbstractAlthough continuous casting became the state of the art for the casting of ordinary steel grades, ingot casting by bottom teeming still has relevance in the steelmaking industry, especially for the manufacturing of specialty and alloy steels. As for every casting process, the ever-increasing quality requirements by customers lead to increased demand for new technologies to increase the purity of the cast steel melt regarding its inclusion content. Due to the special design of the bottom-teeming ingot casting facility and the discontinuous operation as batch process, the application of filters is a promising approach. Tailored foam geometries were prepared based on additive manufacturing via selective laser sintering (SLS) and transformed into filters via modified replication techniques and flame spraying. Additionally to filter application, the functionalization and quality improvement of applied hollowware refractories has high potential to remove existing inclusions from the steel melt and avoid the formation of new inclusions during casting. The investigated hollowware components were manufactured by pressure slip casting on the basis of coarse-grained alumina compositions and subsequent functionalization by spray coating based on carbon-bonded alumina slurries. Simultaneous application of functionalized, “reactive” refractory components and flame-sprayed, “active” filters enables a combined filtration system which unites the advantages of the distinct filtration mechanisms. In the continuous casting of specialty steels, the conditions are more severe resulting in additional challenges regarding the application of filters. An approach investigated in this subproject is the use of extruded filter starter casting tubes above the tundish outlet. To achieve this, extrusion mixes based on cellulose derivatives and materials of the system Al2O3-ZrO2-C (AZC) were investigated for their suitability. The new concepts were tested in industrial casting trials in cooperation with the company Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steels Europe GmbH (DEW). Post-mortem, the former melt-refractory interface of the applied components was investigated and steel samples from the ladle, the gating system and the ingot were analyzed in comparison to untreated samples.
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Gibson, Ian, David Rosen, Brent Stucker, and Mahyar Khorasani. "Material Extrusion." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 171–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56127-7_6.

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Gibson, Ian, David W. Rosen, and Brent Stucker. "Extrusion-Based Systems." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 160–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1120-9_6.

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7

Gibson, Ian, David Rosen, and Brent Stucker. "Extrusion-Based Systems." In Additive Manufacturing Technologies, 147–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2113-3_6.

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8

Srivastava, Manu, Sandeep Rathee, Sachin Maheshwari, and T. K. Kundra. "Additive Manufacturing Processes Utilizing an Extrusion-Based System." In Additive Manufacturing, 99–116. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351049382-8.

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Haghighi, Azadeh. "Material Extrusion." In Springer Handbook of Additive Manufacturing, 335–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20752-5_21.

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Zhao, Hao, and Garrison Zong. "Metal Additive Manufacturing." In Materials in Advanced Manufacturing, 269–300. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003182146-6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Metal extrusion additive manufacturing":

1

Marconcini, Francesco, Francesco Tamburrino, Guido Giammarinaro, Fabrizio Paganucci, and Armando Viviano Razionale. "Investigation of the Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of an Inconel-718 Filament." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235765215.

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Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEAM) for metals is becoming increasingly appealing compared to other metal AM techniques, which are typically energy-intensive and require equipment expensive to install and maintain. In MEAM a polymeric feedstock filled with metal particles is extruded through a heated nozzle; subsequently, the 3D-printed green parts are debound and sintered. This study investigates the feasibility of producing functional Inconel-718 components with a commercial filament and a desktop printer, using a one-step thermal debiding and sintering procedure. To this purpose, the feedstock was extensively characterized, and optimal printing parameters were determined using the design of experiment technique and statistical analysis. Then tensile specimens were printed, debound, sintered and their mechanical and physical properties were measured. The specimens reached a maximum relative density of 83.4% and a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 223 MPa. A decrease in the debinding heat rate was required to avoid macro-void formation.
2

Wassano Buchwitz, Victor, Bernardo Fabricio Martins Gonçalves, Luciano Zart Olanyk, Lucas Freitas Berti, and Neri Volpato. "Comparing Metal Filaments and Pellets for Material Extrusion in Additive Manufacturing: A Review." In 27th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2023.cob2023-1182.

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3

Di Nisio, Felipe, and Neri Volpato. "Void Reduction Strategies in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Metal Parts: A Review." In 27th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2023.cob2023-0620.

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4

Mansfield, Brooke, Sabrina Torres, Tianyu Yu, and Dazhong Wu. "A Review on Additive Manufacturing of Ceramics." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2886.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has been used for rapid prototyping due to its ability to produce parts with complex geometries from computer-aided design files. Currently, polymers and metals are the most commonly used materials for AM. However, ceramic materials have unique mechanical properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and temperature resistance. This paper provides a review of recent AM techniques for ceramics such as extrusion-based AM, the mechanical properties of additively manufactured ceramics, and the applications of ceramics in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, energy, electronics, and medical. A detailed overview of binder-jetting, laser-assisted processes, laminated object manufacturing (LOM), and material extrusion-based 3D printing is presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in AM of ceramics are identified.
5

Zhang, Bin, Bob Tarantino, and Samuel C. Lieber. "Effect of Metal Additive Manufacturing on the Engineering Design of Manufacturing Tooling: A Case Study on Dies for Plastic Extruded Products." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71534.

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Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) has had a tremendous impact in reimagining the design and manufacture of products in a number of industries. The use of MAM to directly produce products continues to be investigated; however, the area of manufacturing tooling has yet to be fully explored. MAM provides a unique opportunity to introduce features that make manufacturing tooling better equipped to efficiently produce complex products. A recent example includes MAM produced molds for the injection molding industry. MAM, in this case, provides the ability to introduce unique features, such as cooling channels, that could not be introduced practically with SM processes. This study explores the use of MAM towards the engineering and design of Extrusion Die Tooling for plastic extruded products. Plastic extrusion is a high-volume manufacturing process for a broad range of products from tubing to window frames. These extruded plastic products come in not only a range of sizes, but also different polymer materials. A series of extrusion dies are currently needed in the process in order to achieve the final shape of the product. These dies are effectively designed in two dimensional Computer Aided Design (CAD) packages, because of the current preferred method of fabrication, wire Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). This study explores the effect of MAM on the extrusion die engineering design process. The explored cases center on common extruded plastic products including tubing and constant wall U-channels. The study first describes how sets of extrusion dies are currently designed in CAD in order to produce the desired extruded product features with established advanced manufacturing processes (EDM). The study then details the effect of using the MAM alternative on the design process, CAD methods selected, and the extrusion die features. The impact of MAM on the extruded die design process are discussed in order to provide guidelines for when it should be considered in order to effectively achieve features on the described extruded plastic products.
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NEZIC, N. "Development of a new method utilizing semi-solid aluminum wires for extrusion based additive manufacturing." In Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902479-9.

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Abstract. In the field of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, the development of metal-based extrusion processes constitutes a significant industrial trend in the recent years. Respective processes are differentiated into powder bed, powder-fed and wire-fed depending on the used feedstock. Among those, powder-fed AM represents the most widely used approach, despite its physical limitations leading to intense thermal gradients and an uncontrollable defective microstructure of produced parts. In this context, extrusion-based AM using a wire semi-finished product in the semi-solid state offers a novel alternative for the direct processing of metallic alloys, avoiding the limitations mentioned. For this reason, a new method for consecutive extrusion of semi-solid AlSiMg aluminum wires has been developed at the Institute for Metal Forming (IFU, Stuttgart, Germany), particularly investigating the influence of the material´s microstructure on the process result. By modifying microstructure via heat treatment, a specific modification of the rheological material behavior can be achieved in terms of a pronounced shear-thinning characteristic, thus systematically affecting extrusion and deposition. First, an experimental setup for continuously extruding semi-sold aluminum wires was realized. Subsequently, experimental investigations were carried out on the extrusion of aluminum wires prepared via the strain induced melt activated (SIMA) process as well as untreated aluminum wires, using a conductively heated printhead concept. The objective was to determine process parameters necessary for successful extrusion and deposition of the modified aluminum material as well as the final proof of concept regarding a specific transformation of the material´s microstructure during the extrusion process.
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Pellegrini, A. "Effect of layer and raster orientation on bending properties of 17-4 PH printed via material extrusion additive manufacturing technology." In Italian Manufacturing Association Conference. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902714-17.

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Abstract. Material Extrusion (MEX) is one of the most popular Additive Manufacturing technologies. Over the years, the material portfolio has expanded and nowadays, it covers metals such as stainless steels, copper and titanium alloys. The mechanical behaviour of metal parts realized by MEX is of great interest to understand both the potentialities and the limits of the technology. In the present work, a commercial filament of 17-4 PH stainless steel was used as feedstock material to realize four groups of bending specimens obtained by varying the printing direction and the infill line strategy. The main goal of the paper was to evaluate the effect of the above-mentioned factors on the flexural properties. With this purpose, a three-points bending test was performed and results were analysed using the one-way ANOVA approach. The density of the parts was also evaluated.
8

Kim, Christopher D., Levi D. DeVries, and Michael D. M. Kutzer. "A Slicing Method for Spherical Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113853.

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Abstract Fabrication using additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing technology is ubiquitous across a growing number of disciplines. Despite a wide variety of AM methods ranging from extrusion of polymers to laser sintering of metals, the use of flat layers or “slices “ is common practice for deposition planning and execution. While effective, observations of other well-understood fabrication methods and testing conducted on AM prints reveal the importance of print fiber arrangement; otherwise known as grain orientation. By expanding AM capabilities to allow for fabrication using alternate grain orientations, AM workpieces see an improvement in anisotropy, surface finish, and physical properties. This paper presents a new approach to AM based on conformal layering that produces spherically wrapped grain.
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Tiwari, Mithilesh Kumar, Ankit Kumar Gupta, Harshal Y. Shahare, K. Ponappa, and Puneet Tandon. "Investigating the Material Flow and Thermal Distribution in a Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Incremental Forming (HAMIF) Technology." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-116436.

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Abstract The combination of Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Incremental Forming (IF) technologies has numerous advantages, including the ability to manufacture intricate components, reduce production complexity, enable customization, improve resource efficiency, and reduce material waste. Hybrid manufacturing processes that integrate both technologies can address many of the disadvantages of each technology, leading to higher productivity and sustainability. The coalescence of metal additive manufacturing and incremental forming involves the deposition of subsequent layers of raw material on a platform through additive manufacturing, followed by forming these deposited layers through incremental forming. This paper investigates the design and fine-tuning of this innovative approach. Furthermore, the numerical simulations are shown whose results suggest that Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Incremental Forming (HAMIF) has the potential to revolutionize the advanced manufacturing industry. The HAMIF setup includes supporting plates, fastening devices, a hopper-barrel assembly, band heaters, a nozzle, and a spindle for incremental forming. The hybrid extrusion forming unit involves a screw with varying pitch and a detachable forming tip, and a solenoid setup regulates the up and down movement of the hopper-barrel assembly for the simultaneous operation of AM and IF processes. The paper discusses key aspects related to the hybrid extrusion forming unit, including the material flow inside the hopper barrel assembly, thermal distribution, and forming forces. Numerical simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics are used to model the flow of material within the extrusion forming unit and determine the proper choice of material for the hybrid extrusion forming unit. The HAMIF technology can lead to greater efficiency, sustainability, and flexibility in the manufacturing industry.
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Kim, Christopher D., Levi D. DeVries, and Michael D. M. Kutzer. "Design of a Robotic Testbed for Spherical Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-114908.

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Abstract The use of additive manufacturing (AM) has become commonplace across a growing number of disciplines. Despite a wide variety of AM methods ranging from polymer extrusion to laser sintering of metals, the use of flat layers or “slices” is common for deposition planning and execution. While effective, the capabilities of AM can be expanded to improve the surface finish, inertial symmetry, and physical properties of fabricated parts with the introduction of conformal or “wrapped” layering. This paper presents the design of a robotic testbed to demonstrate conformal AM using spherical layers. Using this spherical layer constraint, we detail methods for 1) specifying hardware parameters to maximize print volume given an articulated industrial manipulator; and 2) mapping deposition trajectories into joint coordinates using an inverse kinematic solution. Results demonstrate the application of methods to a UR5 industrial robotic manipulator and documentation for the design of a physical testbed.

Звіти організацій з теми "Metal extrusion additive manufacturing":

1

Slattery, Kevin, and Kirk A. Rogers. Internal Boundaries of Metal Additive Manufacturing: Future Process Selection. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022006.

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In the early days, there were significant limitations to the build size of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) machines. However, machine builders have addressed that drawback by introducing larger L-PBF machines with expansive build volumes. As these machines grow, their size capability approaches that of directed energy deposition (DED) machines. Concurrently, DED machines have gained additional axes of motion which enable increasingly complex part geometries—resulting in near-overlap in capabilities at the large end of the L-PBF build size. Additionally, competing technologies, such as binder jet AM and metal material extrusion, have also increased in capability, albeit with different starting points. As a result, the lines of demarcation between different processes are becoming blurred. Internal Boundaries of Metal Additive Manufacturing: Future Process Selection examines the overlap between three prominent powder-based technologies and outlines an approach that a product team can follow to determine the most appropriate process for current and future applications.
2

Dehoff, Ryan R., and Michael M. Kirka. Additive Manufacturing of Porous Metal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1362246.

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3

Carter, William G., Orlando Rios, Ronald R. Akers, and William A. Morrison. Low-cost Electromagnetic Heating Technology for Polymer Extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1238025.

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4

Allen, Jeffrey, and Guillermo Riveros. Mesoscale multiphysics simulations of the fused deposition additive manufacturing process. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48595.

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As part of an ongoing effort to better understand the multiscale effects of fused deposition additive manufacturing, this work centers on a multiphysics, mesoscale approach for the simulation of the extrusion and solidification processes associated with fused deposition modeling. Restricting the work to a single line scan, we focus on the application of polylactic acid. In addition to heat, momentum, and mass transfer, the solid-liquid–vapor interface is simulated using a front-tracking, level-set method. The results focus on the evolving temperature, viscosity, and volume fraction and are cast within a set of parametric studies to include the nozzle and extrusion velocities as well as the extrusion temperature. Among other findings, it was observed that fused deposition modeling can be effectively modeled using a front-tracking method (i.e., the level-set method) in concert with a moving mesh and temperature-dependent porosity function.
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Kim, Felix H., and Shawn P. Moylan. Literature review of metal additive manufacturing defects. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ams.100-16.

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Love, Lonnie J., Andrzej Nycz, and Mark W. Noakes. Large Scale Metal Additive Manufacturing with Wolf Robotics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1465067.

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Nycz, Andrzej, Mark Noakes, Luke Meyer, Chris Masuo, Derek Vaughan, Lonnie Love, and Mike Walker. Large Scale Metal Additive Manufacturing for Stamping Dies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1883756.

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Knapp, Cameron M. Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Approach to Metal Additive Manufacturing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1242923.

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Lee, Yousub, Srdjan Simunovic, and A. Kate Gurnon. Quantification of Powder Spreading Process for Metal Additive Manufacturing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615799.

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Slotwinski, John, April Cooke, and Shawn Moylan. Mechanical properties testing for metal parts made via additive manufacturing :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7847.

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