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Статті в журналах з теми "Mere cognition of rights"
1
Hartmann, Matthias, Martin H. Fischer, and Fred W. Mast. "Sharing a mental number line across individuals? The role of body position and empathy in joint numerical cognition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 7 (November 7, 2018): 1732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818809254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A growing body of research shows that the human brain acts differently when performing a task together with another person than when performing the same task alone. In this study, we investigated the influence of a co-actor on numerical cognition using a joint random number generation (RNG) task. We found that participants generated relatively smaller numbers when they were located to the left (vs. right) of a co-actor (Experiment 1), as if the two individuals shared a mental number line and predominantly selected numbers corresponding to their relative body position. Moreover, the mere presence of another person on the left or right side or the processing of numbers from loudspeaker on the left or right side had no influence on the magnitude of generated numbers (Experiment 2), suggesting that a bias in RNG only emerged during interpersonal interactions. Interestingly, the effect of relative body position on RNG was driven by participants with high trait empathic concern towards others, pointing towards a mediating role of feelings of sympathy for joint compatibility effects. Finally, the spatial bias emerged only after the co-actors swapped their spatial position, suggesting that joint spatial representations are constructed only after the spatial reference frame became salient. In contrast to previous studies, our findings cannot be explained by action co-representation because the consecutive production of numbers does not involve conflict at the motor response level. Our results therefore suggest that spatial reference coding, rather than motor mirroring, can determine joint compatibility effects. Our results demonstrate how physical properties of interpersonal situations, such as the relative body position, shape seemingly abstract cognition.
2
FULDA, FERMÍN C. "Natural Agency: The Case of Bacterial Cognition." Journal of the American Philosophical Association 3, no. 1 (2017): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2017.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT:I contrast an ecological account of natural agency with the traditional Cartesian conception using recent research in bacterial cognition and cellular decision making as a test case. I argue that the Cartesian conception—namely, the view that agency presupposes cognition—generates a dilemma between mechanism, the view that bacteria are mere automata, and intellectualism, the view that they exhibit full-blown cognition. Unicellular organisms, however, occupy a middle ground between these two extremes. On the one hand, their capacities and activities are too adaptive to count as mere machines. On the other hand, they lack the open-ended responsiveness of cognitive agents to rational norms. An ecological conception of agency as the gross behavioral capacity to respond to affordances, I argue, does not presuppose cognition and allows for degrees of agency along a continuum, from the simplest adaptive agents, such as unicellular organisms, to the most sophisticated cognitive agents. Bacteria, I conclude, are adaptiveagents, hence not mere automata, but notcognitiveagents.
3
Moore, Adam D. "Privacy, Interests, and Inalienable Rights." Moral Philosophy and Politics 5, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 327–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2018-0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Some rights are so important for human autonomy and well-being that many scholars insist they should not be waived, traded, or abandoned. Privacy is a recent addition to this list. At the other end of the spectrum is the belief that privacy is a mere unimportant interest or preference. This paper defends a middle path between viewing privacy as an inalienable, non-waivable, non-transferrable right and the view of privacy as a mere subjective interest. First, an account of privacy is offered that clarifies the concept and demonstrates how privacy is directly related to human health and well-being. Second, along with considering and rejecting several accounts for why privacy might be considered an inalienable right, an argument is offered for why it is morally permissible to waive, transfer, abandon, or alienate privacy.
4
Schmidtz, David. "The Institution of Property." Social Philosophy and Policy 11, no. 2 (1994): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500004428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The typical method of acquiring a property right involves transfer from a previous owner. But sooner or later, that chain of transfers traces back to the beginning. That is why we have a philosophical problem. How does a thing legitimately become a piece of propertyfor the first time?In this essay, I follow the custom of distinguishing between mere liberties and full-blooded rights. If I have thelibertyof doingX, then it is permissible for me to doX. But the mere fact that I am at liberty to doXleaves open the possibility that you might be at liberty to interfere with my doingX. Accordingly, liberties are not full-blooded rights, since my having arightto doXhas the additional implication that others are not at liberty to interfere with my doingX. When it comes to mere liberties, interference is not a violation. You can violate rights, but you cannot violate liberties.
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Claassen, Rutger. "Markets as Mere Means." British Journal of Political Science 47, no. 2 (April 28, 2015): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123415000113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There has been a remarkable shift in the relationship between market and state responsibilities for public services like health care and education. While these services continue to be financed publicly, they are now often provided through the market. The main argument for this new institutional division of labor is economic: while (public) ends stay the same, (private) means are more efficient. Markets function as ‘mere means’ under the continued responsibility of the state. This article investigates and rejects currently existing egalitarian liberal theories about this division of labor and it presents and defends a new theory of marketization, in which social rights and democratic decision-making occupy center-stage.
6
Falk, Barrie. "Feeling and Cognition." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 41 (September 1996): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100006123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a common view that as well as being conscious of the world in virtue of having thoughts about it, forming representations of its various states and processes, we are also conscious of it in virtue of feeling it. What I have in mind is not the fact that we have feelings about the world—indignation at this, pleasure at that—but that we sensorily feel its colours, sounds, textures and so on. And this feeling form of consciousness, it's often thought, constitutes a peculiarly intimate and intense focus upon things. The feel of the first drops of rain on one's face and the sounds of the gull's cry will quickly be recognized for what they are; and the fact that events of this sort are occurring will thereafter hold one's attention just insofar as they are relevant to some current business. But what can also happen is that such experiences cut through any current concerns and cause a state in which, for a time, one does nothing except feel the soft coolness of the rain and the particular quality of the bird's cry. We can become absorbed, it seems, in the mere presence of these phenomena and this is an experience to which we attach great value.
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Waddington, Lisa. "Article 13 EC: Mere Rhetoric or a Harbinger of Change?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 1 (1998): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000001130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the signing of the Treaty on European Union in Maastricht in 1992, calls have gradually been increasing for a greater recognition of, and firmer foundation for, fundamental (social) rights within the European Union. These calls naturally became louder following the Opinion of the European Court of Justice excluding the possibility of EC accession to the European Convention of Human Rights and during the lead up to the Amsterdam Intergovernmental Conference. Academics, independent EU Advisory Committees, groups representing the interests of EU citizens and residents and the European Parliament lamented the almost complete absence of fundamental social rights in the Treaty, and called for an ambitious revision of the Treaty. To a large extent these calls went unheard in Amsterdam, and the new Treaty does not incorporate a comprehensive list of social fundamental rights.
8
Frith, Chris D. "Social cognition." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1499 (February 21, 2008): 2033–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social cognition concerns the various psychological processes that enable individuals to take advantage of being part of a social group. Of major importance to social cognition are the various social signals that enable us to learn about the world. Such signals include facial expressions, such as fear and disgust, which warn us of danger, and eye gaze direction, which indicate where interesting things can be found. Such signals are particularly important in infant development. Social referencing, for example, refers to the phenomenon in which infants refer to their mothers' facial expressions to determine whether or not to approach a novel object. We can learn a great deal simply by observing others. Much of this signalling seems to happen automatically and unconsciously on the part of both the sender and the receiver. We can learn to fear a stimulus by observing the response of another, in the absence of awareness of that stimulus. By contrast, learning by instruction, rather than observation, does seem to depend upon awareness of the stimulus, since such learning does not generalize to situations where the stimulus is presented subliminally. Learning by instruction depends upon a meta-cognitive process through which both the sender and the receiver recognize that signals are intended to be signals. An example would be the ‘ostensive’ signals that indicate that what follows are intentional communications. Infants learn more from signals that they recognize to be instructive. I speculate that it is this ability to recognize and learn from instructions rather than mere observation which permitted that advanced ability to benefit from cultural learning that seems to be unique to the human race.
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Chrisomalis, Stephen. "Constraint, cognition, and written numeration." Pragmatics and Cognition 21, no. 3 (December 31, 2013): 552–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21.3.08chr.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world’s diverse written numeral systems are affected by human cognition; in turn, written numeral systems affect mathematical cognition in social environments. The present study investigates the constraints on graphic numerical notation, treating it neither as a byproduct of lexical numeration, nor a mere adjunct to writing, but as a specific written modality with its own cognitive properties. Constraints do not refute the notion of infinite cultural variability; rather, they recognize the infinity of variability within defined limits, thus transcending the universalist/particularist dichotomy. In place of strictly innatist perspectives on mathematical cognition, a model is proposed that invokes domain-specific and notationally-specific constraints to explain patterns in numerical notations. The analysis of exceptions to cross-cultural generalizations makes the study of near-universals highly productive theoretically. The cross-cultural study of patterns in written numbers thus provides a rich complement to the cognitive analysis of writing systems.
10
Lock, Tobias. "Rights and principles in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights." Common Market Law Review 56, Issue 5 (September 1, 2019): 1201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2019100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article analyses the distinction between rights and principles in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. On the basis of an analytical definition of Charter rights, it shows that Charter principles differ from Charter rights in nature: they are non-relational and not intersubjective; they contain mere duties without corresponding claim-rights. This has consequences for their justiciability, which the Charter itself limits. The article dismisses any suggestion that the characterization of a Charter provision as belonging to the realm of economic, social and cultural rights determines its nature as a principle. Instead, a more nuanced approach is advocated. It further argues that Charter principles are binding regardless of their implementation and that the latter only matters for their justiciability.
Дисертації з теми "Mere cognition of rights"
1
Keith, Linda Camp. "The Law and Human Rights: Is the Law a Mere Parchment Barrier to Human Rights Abuse?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2247/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is the first systematic global analysis of the impact of law on human rights, analyzing the impact of twenty-three constitution provisions and an international covenant on three measures of human rights behavior, over the period of 1976-1996. Three sets of constitutional provisions are analyzed, including 1) ten provisions for individual freedoms and due process rights, 2) nine provisions for elements of judicial independence and 3) four provisions that outline procedures for states of emergency. Additionally, the impact of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on actual human rights behavior is analyzed. Each of these areas of law are evaluated individually, in multiple models in which different elements vary. For example, some models control for democracy with different measures, others divide the data into the Cold War and post-Cold War eras, and some test constitutional indices. Finally, all provisions are simultaneously analyzed in integrated models. Provisions for fair and public trials are consistently shown to decrease the probability of abuse. An index of four freedoms (speech, religion, association, and assembly) decreases the probability of abuse somewhat consistently. Three of the provisions for judicial independence are most consistent in reducing the probability of abuse: the provisions for exclusive judicial authority, for the finality of judges' decisions, and banning exceptional courts. Two of four states of emergency provisions decrease abuse as international lawyers have argued: the provisions for legislative declaration of the emergency and the ban against dissolving the legislature during an emergency. However, two of the provisions are shown to hurt human rights practices: the duration and the derogation provisions. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights does not demonstrate a statistically significant impact. While the performance of the constitutional provisions is less than legal scholars would hope, their combined impact over time are shown to be quite large, relative to the impacts of other factors shown to affect human rights abuse.
2
Mckenzie, Patsy. "Predictors of Likeliness to Engage in Radical Animal Rights and Environmental Activism." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Radical animal rights and environmental activism is considered domestic terrorism under the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act. Traditional models of terrorism purport that there is a path to radicalization that is influenced by an individual's sense of identity and ideological beliefs. Using collective identity theory and cognitive experiential self-theory as the framework, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether social identity, cognitive processing mode, and ideological beliefs were predictors for engagement in radical animal rights and environmental activism. The Three Factor Model of Social Identity Scale, the Rational Experiential Inventory, and the Activism Orientation Scale were used to collect data from a sample of 65 self-described radical animal rights and environmental activists. Standard multiple regression analyses were used to test each hypothesis. According to the results of the study, only rational processing mode, F(6, 64) = 3.18, (p < .05 ), was a predictor of likeliness to engage in radical animals rights and environmental activism. Although ideology was not a significant predictor, exploratory analysis showed that ecofeminism demonstrated predictive value, F(2, 64) = 6.12, (p < .05). This study contributes to positive social change by expanding the understanding of the profile of radical activists, which may aid those who support radical actions and those who oppose such actions in opening a meaningful dialogue whereby solutions to issues facing the environment and animals can be addressed with successful outcomes.
3
Silvestri, Kevin. "La simulazione negoziale nel processo civile." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/345843.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis aims to reconstruct the procedural rules that apply whenever the simulation of contract becomes an issue within a civil proceeding.To this end, a different method is followed from that commonly used by the courts and in the scholarly literature, which have mostly deduced the content of these rules assuming, as a starting point, a certain solution to the problem of the nature of simulated contracts. The courts, that still adhere to the traditional doctrine of nullity of the simulated contract, state that the rules of the civil code dedicated to the action and the objection of nullity shall also apply to the action and objection of simulation. Part of the scholars, rejecting such premises, uphold interpretative solutions that are at odds with those supported by the courts. On the contrary, in this thesis, the legal notion of simulation is assumed as a starting point. Such a legal notion describes the set of facts that lead to a simulation of a contract and to the legal consequences set forth in articles 1414 and ff of the civil code; these facts are thus material to the process in which the simulation is an issue. Hence, the first part of the thesis (chapters 1 to 4) aims at framing the legal notion of simulation within the main categories of civil procedure, and starts from the definition of the legal notion of simulation by critically assessing the two main conceptions of the simulation phenomenon that emerge from the conspicuous literature on the subject: a “negative” conception, which sees the simulation as the lack of an essential element of the contract, and a “positive” conception, which sees the simulation as an agreement between the parties with the aim of excluding the legal effects of a contract between them (simulation agreement). The arguments in support of this last conception are set forth; after that, the question of the structure of the so-called “concealed contract” and the role of the simulation agreement on its formation and effectiveness is examined. The framing of the simulation in the fundamental categories of the process is then carried out through the observation of the legal effects that the simulation activity produces with regard to third parties, and the procedural classification of the substantial categories referred to in Articles 1415 and 1416 of the Italian Civil Code (in particular, unopposability). Finally, the objective scope of the process in which the ascertainment of the simulation of a contract is requested (action of simulation) is defined by critically examining the prevailing doctrine, according to which the said action aims at ascertaining the lack of a “contractual relationship”. Another doctrine is then examined, according to which simulation and nullity may be described as authonomous legal effects capable of being ascertained within a judgment having the force of res judicata. The second part (chapters 5 and 6) is dedicated to the discussion of selected issues of “procedural dynamics”, namely: a) the objection of absolute simulation, and the problem wether the judge may decide upon it ex officio in both the processes aimed at enforcing a simulated contract, and in those that aim, on the contrary, at the declaration of nullity, or at the annulment, rescission or termination of the same contract; b) the multiple facets that the issue of absolute simulation presents in the course of a forced expropriation proceeding undertaken against an “apparent owner”; c) the form of the concealed contract and the extent to which the simulants may prove a relative simulation by witnesses, particularly in the event that the relative simulation of the price of a sale contract is alleged as an objection to an avoidance action promoted by the bankruptcy trustee; d) the stading to an action of simulation; e) the objective scope of the res judicata in the same action.La tesi mira a ricostruire la disciplina processuale della simulazione negoziale, ossia le regole concernenti l'attività compiuta nel processo dalle parti e dal giudice, ogniqualvolta la simulazione di un negozio giuridico sia oggetto di allegazione, prova e decisione (nella forma della mera cognizione o dell'accertamento). Si segue, a tal fine, un metodo diverso da quello comunemente impiegato dalla giurisprudenza e dalla dottrina, le quali hanno perlopiù dedotto il contenuto di tali regole a partire dalla soluzione di volta in volta prescelta al problema della qualificazione del contratto simulato. La giurisprudenza, muovendo dalla tesi della nullità del contratto simulato, conclude per la diretta applicabilità delle norme del codice civile dedicate all'azione e all'eccezione di nullità. Parte della dottrina, discostandosi da quella premessa, propone soluzioni applicative di segno opposto. Al contrario, nel presente lavoro, la centralità solitamente assegnata al contratto simulato, è occupata dalla simulazione, ossia dalla fattispecie degli effetti che gli artt. 1414 e seguenti designano quali “effetti della simulazione”. Detta fattispecie è infatti quanto forma oggetto dell'attività dei soggetti del processo (l'allegazione, la prova, la cognizione e l'accertamento). La ricostruzione della disciplina processuale della simulazione muove pertanto dalla collocazione della fattispecie simulatoria entro le categorie che informano il contenuto di quella disciplina, e cioè la qualificazione della simulazione come tema di prova, come questione di merito oggetto di mera cognizione, nonché, infine, come oggetto del processo e dell'accertamento munito di autorità di cosa giudicata. La prima parte della tesi (capitoli da 1 a 4) si occupa esattamente di tale inquadramento, prendendo le mosse dalla definizione della fattispecie simulatoria e dalla discussione critica delle due opposte concezioni del fenomeno simulatorio che emergono dalla cospicua letteratura sul tema: una concezione “negativa”, che vede nella simulazione una forma qualificata di difetto della fattispecie negoziale, e una concezione “positiva”, che ravvisa la fattispecie simulatoria in un negozio distinto da quello simulato (il c.d. accordo simulatorio). Enunciate le ragioni a sostegno di quest'ultima concezione, si prende in esame la questione della struttura del contratto dissimulato e del ruolo dell'accordo simulatorio sulla formazione e l'efficacia del medesimo. L'inquadramento della simulazione nelle categorie fondamentali del processo prosegue mediante l'osservazione degli effetti giuridici che l'attività simulatoria produce riguardo ai terzi, e l'inquadramento processuale delle categorie sostanziali richiamate negli artt. 1415 e 1416 c.c. (segnatamente, l'inopponibilità). Infine, si definisce l'oggetto dell'azione di simulazione, mettendo di fronte la prevalente tesi che detto oggetto fa coincidere con il rapporto fondamentale contrattuale, e quella minoritaria che addita le azioni di simulazione e nullità quali esempi di processi di accertamento di situazioni giuridiche preliminari. Si sottopone quindi a critica la tesi del rapporto fondamentale. La seconda parte (capitoli 5 e 6) è dedicata alla discussione di profili scelti di dinamica processuale, segnatamente: l'eccezione di simulazione assoluta, e il problema della sua rilevabilità d'ufficio nei processi diretti all'esecuzione del contratto simulato, nonché in quelli che mirano, al contrario, alla dichiarazione della nullità, ovvero all'annullamento, alla rescissione o alla risoluzione dello stesso contratto; le molteplici sfaccettature che presenta la cognizione della simulazione assoluta nel corso (o a lato) dell'espropriazione forzata intrapresa contro il titolare apparente; la forma del contratto dissimulato e l'ampiezza dei poteri istruttori dei simulanti che intendano dar prova della simulazione relativa, e per suo tramite del contratto dissimulato, particolarmente nel caso in cui la simulazione relativa del prezzo venga addotta per contrastare l'azione revocatoria promossa dal curatore fallimentare contro una compravendita immobiliare “a prezzo vile”; la legittimazione ad agire nell'azione di simulazione; i limiti oggettivi del giudicato di accertamento della simulazione.
4
Doi, Stephanie. "Collective Memory and History: An Examination of Perceptions of Accuracy and Preference for Biased “History” Passages." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1633.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Collective memory is a socially shared representation of the past. History, contrastingly, strives to be an unbiased, objective, and critical account of the past. Many researchers have argued that the so-called “history” found in school textbooks and curriculums align more with collective memory; however, many individuals do not know of the pervasiveness of collective memory in supposed “history” texts. To examine perceptions of accuracy and preference of American “history” textbook passages, individuals from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (n= 404) participated in an online study where they were randomly assigned to read one passage that was either negatively biased, neutral, or positively biased regarding the U.S. dropping the atomic bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. Participants rated their emotional valence of the event and their perceptions of accuracy and preference for the passage. The results suggest that individuals perceive negatively biased passages as less accurate and less preferable, even if their emotional valence matches the bias within the text. Individuals also showed the hypothesized interaction for preference; those who perceived the event as not negative preferred the positive text to the neutral and negative texts. The findings support evidence that individuals are motivated to prefer history passages consistent with their attitudes and rate higher accuracy among positive and neutral texts. The results have broader implications on reporting or dismissing human rights violations within collective memory.
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Hodgkins, Stephen L. "Discoursing disability : the personal and political positioning of disabled people in talk and textwork." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2008. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2836/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents a critical disability discourse analysis. It examines the discursive construction of disability and the personal and political positioning of disabled people. Focusing on disclosure, identity, activism, theory and policy issues relating to disabled people, the naturalisation and invalidation of the disabled body is explored and critiqued. Organised in three parts, the thesis begins by considering some significant historical moments, the sociolegal context and the recent politicisation of both disabled people and disability research. Disability is argued as embedded in, and institutionalised by, political regulatory structures and research that risks de-politicisation of it is critiqued. Part two considers theories, methods and the text data collected for the research. This defines the theoretical orientation to discursive psychology, discourse analysis and critical disability studies. Disability is articulated as an object in, and for interaction and its construction linked to historical, social and political structures that regulate and sustain the human subject. The text data used in the thesis is then presented in terms of the collection process and the organisation of extracts within the current thesis. The forms of text data collected include transcriptions of discussion groups with disabled people, front line workers and senior managers, policy documents, publicity imagery and Hansard records of parliamentary debates. Part three then presents a critical disability discourse analysis using this text data. Drawing on the framework of discourse analysis as articulated by Potter and Wetherell (1987) the discursive function, construction and variation of disability talk and textwork is critically considered. This reveals dilemmas of positioning and ideology during moments of disability disclosure. Analytical commentary argues that disability identity is constructed by an interpretative repertoire embedded in the antithesis of desired and valued life. The construction of ‘barriers’ in social model texts are also explored in discussion groups and local policy documents. This shows the recent distortion and colonisation of the social model, and suggests that the metaphor of ‘barriers’ used to signify the structures that disable people has lost its once radical and resistive power. Hansard records are then used to explore implications and dilemmas which arise regarding agency, autonomy and the disabled body in relation to dominant discourses of individualism and the challenges this poses for an ‘independent living’ reform strategy. The thesis concludes by asserting a discursive mode of disablism. This is suggested as a useful driver for research and initiatives to expose and challenge everyday discourses and practises that perpetuate the invalidation of the disabled body.
6
Gabalda, Belonia. "Development of the sense of ownership : social and moral evaluations." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T035/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La plupart des interactions sociales humaines font intervenir des objets, et ceci dès le plus jeune âge. Dans ces interactions, les enfants semblent prendre en compte qui est le propriétaire de l’objet. La notion de propriété ne concerne donc pas seulement une personne et un objet, mais constitue une relation entre différentes personnes vis-à-vis d’un objet. Cette relation est régie par un ensemble de règles ou droits de propriété. Nos travaux portent sur la compréhension qu’ont les enfants de la notion de propriété. A quel âge les enfants acquièrent-ils la compréhension des droits de propriété ? Avant de manier la notion de propriété de manière explicite, les enfants en ont-ils une compréhension plus implicite ? Plus particulièrement, nous avons exploré la compréhension et l’évaluation de transferts de propriété illégitimes et légitimes chez des enfants de 5 mois à 5 ans. Nous avons étudié deux types de transgressions de propriété : l’acquisition illégitime d’un objet (sans intention de transfert de la part du propriétaire) et l’absence de restitution d’un objet à son propriétaire. L’ensemble de nos études ont consisté à présenter aux enfants des transferts de propriété entre deux personnages de manière non verbale, dans des dessins animés ou des films mettant en scène des marionnettes, puis à mesurer la compréhension et l’évaluation de ces transferts par les enfants. Les études du Chapitre 2 (Etudes 1 et 2) se sont intéressées à l’évaluation que font les enfants de l’acquisition d’un objet. Les deux expériences de l’Etude 1 ont exploré la compréhension et l’évaluation de transferts de propriété illégitimes et légitimes par des enfants de 3 ans et 5 ans, ainsi que des adultes (population contrôle). Cette étude est la première à examiner simultanément la compréhension explicite et implicite qu’ont les enfants de la notion de propriété. En effet, les questions posées concernent respectivement les droits de propriété, ainsi que l’évaluation sociale et morale des agents impliqués. Dans l’Etude 1a, les participants ont vu un personnage acquérir un objet soit de manière illégitime (condition vol), soit de manière légitime (condition réception par don). Dans l’Etude 1b, c’est une action illégitime (condition vol) qui était comparée à une action légitime (condition don). Les enfants de 5 ans (comme les adultes) ont montré une compréhension de la notion de propriété à la fois implicite par leur évaluation sociale/morale, en préférant l’agent de la condition légitime (receveur du don ou donneur) par rapport à l’agent de la condition illégitime (voleur), et explicite par leur capacité à attribuer des droits de propriété différents selon la légitimité du transfert. Les enfants de 3 ans n’ont pas distingué les conditions illégitime et légitime, ni dans leur évaluation, ni dans leur attribution de droits de propriété. Ces résultats suggèrent que les enfants acquièrent simultanément les compréhensions implicite et explicite de la propriété. Dans l’Etude 1, aucune réaction émotionnelle n’était présente. Nous avons examiné dans l’Etude 2 le rôle des émotions du premier possesseur dans l’évaluation que font les enfants de 3 ans de l’acquisition d’un objet. En présence d’indices émotionnels (les mêmes dans la condition légitime et illégitime : le premier possesseur étant triste après le transfert dans les deux cas), les enfants de 3 ans sont parvenu à distinguer les deux conditions dans leur évaluation sociale/morale. Cette distinction n’a pu être basée uniquement sur la présence de l’émotion négative étant donné que l’émotion présentée était la même dans les deux conditions. Nous suggérons que les enfants de 3 ans ont détecté la transgression morale dans le cas du vol, et se sont basés sur l’émotion négative pour la confirmer. Les études du Chapitre 3 (Etudes 3 à 5) se sont intéressées à l’évaluation que font les enfants de la restitution d’un objet à son propriétaire…Since a very young age, the majority of human social interactions involve objects. In these interactions, children seem to take into account who owns what. The notion of ownership thus does not involve only a person and an object, but is a relationship between several persons with respect to an object. This relationship is organized by a set of rules or property rights. Our work deals with children’s understanding of the notion of ownership. At what age do children acquire the understanding of property rights? Before an explicit mastery of the notion of ownership, do children have a more implicit understanding of it? More precisely, we explored the understanding and evaluation of illegitimate and legitimate transfers of property in children from 5 months to 5 years of age. We studied two types of ownership transgressions: illegitimate acquisition of an object (without owner’s intention to transfer it), and absence of restitution of an object to its owner. In all our studies, we presented to children property transfers between two characters using non-verbal animated cartoons or movies with puppets as actors, and then measured children’s understanding and evaluation of those transfers. The studies in Chapter 2 (Studies 1 and 2) assessed children’s evaluation of different modes of acquisition of an object. The two experiments of Study 1 explored 3- and 5-year-olds’s understanding and evaluation of illegitimate and legitimate property transfers. Adults were also tested as a control population. This study is the first one to investigate simultaneously children’s explicit and implicit understanding of the notion of ownership, by asking questions about property rights, as well as social and moral evaluations of the characters implicated in the transfers, respectively. In Study 1a, participants saw a character acquiring an object either in an illegitimate way (theft condition) or in a legitimate one (gift-reception condition). In Study 1b, an illegitimate action (theft) was compared to a legitimate action (giving). 5-year-old children (as adults) showed both an implicit understanding of ownership through their social/moral evaluation (preferring the legitimate agent (gift recipient or giver) compared to the illegitimate agent (thief)), and an explicit understanding of ownership through their ability to attribute different property rights considering the legitimacy of the transfer. 3-year-old children did not make any distinction between the illegitimate and legitimate conditions in their evaluation, neither in their attribution of property rights. These results suggest that children acquire implicit and explicit understanding of ownership at the same time. In Study 1, no emotional reaction was present. We examined in Study 2 the role of the first possessor’s emotions in 3-year-olds’ evaluation of object acquisition. The same cue was present in the legitimate and illegitimate conditions: the first possessor being sad after both transfers. In the presence of this emotional cue, 3-year-olds managed to distinguish between the two conditions in their social/moral evaluation. This distinction could not have been based solely on the presence of a negative emotion, as the emotion displayed was the same in both conditions. We suggest that 3-year-old children detected the moral transgression in the theft condition, and used the negative emotion to confirm it. The studies in Chapter 3 (Studies 3 to 5) examined children’s evaluations of the restitution of an object to its owner. Young children (2-3-year-old) have a bias to consider that the first possessor of an object is its “owner” and that the object cannot be definitively transferred to someone else. We thus investigated whether 3-year-old children (Studies 3 and 4) implicitly evaluate the absence of restitution as a transgression, and evaluate it negatively compared to the restitution of an object to its first possessor…
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Pignatel, Laura. "L'émergence d'un neurodroit : contribution à l'étude de la relation entre les neurosciences et le droit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0512.
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Depuis 2011, le droit et les neurosciences entretiennent une relation singulière. La loi de bioéthique du 7 juillet 2011 fait en effet de la France le premier pays au monde à admettre, par un texte législatif, le recours aux techniques d’imagerie cérébrale à l’occasion d’expertises judiciaires. Dans ce contexte, la France assiste à l’émergence d’un « neurodroit ». Traduit du néologisme anglais « neurolaw », le neurodroit s’intéresse aux applications juridiques des résultats issus des recherches en neurosciences, et en particulier des différentes techniques d’imagerie cérébrale, dont la plus connue et la plus controversée est aujourd’hui l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf). L’apport des neurosciences aux enjeux du droit est dès lors considérable : d’une part, la recherche de la vérité et l’utilisation de l’imagerie cérébrale comme preuve dans un procès, d’autre part la légitimation de la décision judiciaire et la compréhension des processus cognitifs et émotionnels des différents acteurs judiciaires et, notamment, des magistrats. Mais au-delà de sa singularité, la relation entre le droit et les neurosciences est pour le moins ambiguë. Alors que la France est le seul pays au monde à avoir consacré législativement ce « neurodroit » et qu’en théorie les neurosciences présentent une utilité certaine pour le droit, il n’existe à l’heure actuelle aucune utilisation en pratique. Bien que le neurodroit ne soit qu’au stade de l’émergence en France, la possibilité à terme d’une meilleure administration de la justice par l'utilisation des neurosciences permet d’entrevoir un certain nombre d’améliorations destinées à perfectionner la réception du neurodroitSince 2011, law and neuroscience have had a unique relationship. The law of bioethics of July 7, 2011 makes France the first country in the world to enact, through a legislative text, the use of brain imaging techniques for legal expertise examinations. In this context, France assists to the emergence of a « neurodroit ». Translated from the English neologism « neurolaw », the neurolaw is a new medical-legal concept that incorporates neuroscience research results from brain imaging techniques into the legal process. The most well known, and the most controversial, brain imaging technique that neurolaw uses is the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. The contribution of neuroscience to legal issues is therefore considerable : on the one hand, it uses brain imaging as evidence at trial in search of the truth, and on the other hand it legitimizes, and provides an understanding for how judicial actors and magistrates make their decisions. But beyond its uniqueness, the relationship between neuroscience and the law is still limited. While France is the only country in the world to have legislatively addressed this « neurolaw » and in theory neurolaw is useful, there is currently no use in practice. However, while the neurodroit is only at its beginning stage in France, by continuing to perfect the brain imaging techniques, and by continuing to better understand people’s behaviors, Neurolaw will soon be able to provide the possibility of a better and improved legal system
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Marier, April M., and Alex Alfredo Reyes. "Incarceration and Reintegration: How It Impacts Mental Health." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/26.
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ABSTRACT
Background: Previous criminal justice policies have been non-effective leading to overpopulated prisons and unsuccessful reintegration. There is a lack of effective supportive and/or rehabilitative services resulting in high rates of recidivism and mental health implications. Objective: This study investigated the perceived impact that incarceration and reintegration with little to no supportive and/or rehabilitative services has on the mental health status of an individual. The emphasis was on participant perception and not on professional reports because of underreporting and lack of attention to mental health in the criminal justice system. Methods: Focus groups in the Inland Empire and Coachella Valley were held to gather preliminary data used to develop the survey for this study. The survey was distributed to 88 male and female ex-offenders over the age of 18 who were no longer on probation or parole. Secondary data from United Way 211 and California State Reentry Initiative was collected to report current trends of supportive and/or rehabilitative services. Results: Incarceration was found to negatively impact perceived mental health status, but reintegration was not. Supportive and/or rehabilitative services continue to be rarely offered and accessed, but when accessed, perceived mental health status is better. Supportive and/or rehabilitative services are more readily available. People who are using these services are improving their quality of life, becoming productive members of society, and preventing recidivism. Conclusions: A paradigm shift is currently under way to reduce recidivism by improving supportive and/or rehabilitative services during incarceration and reintegration. Many offenders are receiving services as an alternative to incarceration, recidivism rates are being reduced, and ex-offenders are becoming productive members of society. The field of social work is an integral part of reentry services and should continue advocating for policies and services that support reintegration efforts at the micro and macro level.
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Wright, Kelly E. "The Reflection and Reification of Racialized Language in Popular Media." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/18.
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This work highlights specific lexical items that have become racialized in specific contextual applications and tests how these words are cognitively processed. This work presents the results of a visual world (Huettig et al 2011) eye-tracking study designed to determine the perception and application of racialized (Coates 2011) adjectives. To objectively select the racialized adjectives used, I developed a corpus comprised of popular media sources, designed specifically to suit my research question. I collected publications from digital media sources such as Sports Illustrated, USA Today, and Fortune by scraping articles featuring specific search terms from their websites. This experiment seeks to aid in the demarcation of socially salient groups whose application of racialized adjectives to racialized images is near instantaneous, or at least less questioned. As we view growing social movements which revolve around the significant marks unconscious assumptions leave on American society, revealing how and where these lexical assignments arise and thrive allows us to interrogate the forces which build and reify such biases. Future research should attempt to address the harmful semiotics these lexical choices sustain.
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Hsu, Su-chiao, and 許淑嬌. "Patients'' rights satisfaction: mediator of patients'' rights cognition and medical loyalty." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92631725448442744597.
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碩士中臺科技大學
健康產業管理研究所
99
Background: “Patient-centered” is the concept of service of medical institutions, while the emphasis on patient’s rights is the most basic elements. Previous studies have confirmed that people pay much attention on patient’s rights, and it has a positive correlation between patient’s rights and medical satisfaction. Does the cognition of patient’s rights affect the medical loyalty of the patient, however, is rarely mentioned and even no conclusion. Purpose:The study is to investigate the correlation between the cognition of patient’s rights and medical loyalty, and to explore whether the satisfaction of patient’s rights produce a mediation effect on cognition of patient’s rights and medical loyalty. Methods: This study used cross-sectional sample survey, the inpatients of a hospital in central region of Taiwan as the target respondents, and a total of 382 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis. Results: The results showed that there is a difference between the cognition of patient’s rights and the satisfaction of patient’s rights. Besides, there is a dissatisfaction on the rights of patients; There was a positive correlation between the cognition of patient’s rights and medical loyalty, and the satisfaction of patient’s rights is a mediator which affected them. It means that the cognition of patient’s rights would improve the medical loyalty by satisfaction of patient’s rights. Conclusions: Therefore, if medical institutions make great efforts to maintain patient’s rights, enhance patient care on the " to know ", is establish good communication and listen to the voice of the patient,the medical satisfaction and the medical loyalty will enhance and then will improve the medical care of the patient.
Книги з теми "Mere cognition of rights"
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Personhood, ethics, and animal cognition: Situating animals in Hare's two level utilitarianism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
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Shaw, Rosalind. Rethinking truth and reconciliation commissions: Lessons from Sierra Leone. Washington, D.C: United States Institute of Peace, 2005.
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Animals, rights, and reason in Plutarch and modern ethics. London: Routledge, 2005.
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Newmyer, Stephen Thomas. Animals, rights, and reason in Plutarch and modern ethics. New York: Routledge, 2006.
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Bekoff, Marc. Animal passions and beastly virtues: Reflections on redecorating nature. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2006.
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Job Accommodation Network (U.S.). Trastornos intelectuales o cognitivos. Morgantown, WV: Job Accommodation Network, Oficina de la Póliza de Empleo de Personas discapacitadas del Departamento Laboral se los EE.UU, 2010.
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Palmeros, José Alejandro Meza. Cuidar al otro: La carrera moral del adulto dependiente. Monterrey, Nuevo León, México: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 2017.
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Bekoff, Marc. Animal passions and beastly virtues: Reflections on redecoreating nature. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2006.
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Louis, Gates Henry, ed. Speaking of race, speaking of sex: Hate speech, civil rights, and civil liberties. New York: New York University Press, 1994.
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Vermeulen, G. Offender reintegration and rehabilitation as a component of international criminal justice?: Execution of sentences at the level of international tribunals and courts : moving beyond the mere protection of procedural rights and minimal fundamental interests? Antwerpen, Belgium: Maklu, 2014.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Mere cognition of rights"
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Knudsen, Sanne. "A mere metaphor? Framings of the concept of metaphor in biological specialist communication." In Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 191–214. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/milcc.4.08knu.
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İşcen, Özgün Eylül. "Black Box Allegories of Gulf Futurism." In The Case for Reduction, 91–115. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-25_05.
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Given the prospect of post-oil futures, this chapter historically situates contemporary Gulf Futurism within cybernetic and logistical aspirations underlying the current global trend of the smartness mandate. Working through the complex visuality that the cybernetic black box animates, the chapter revisits Fredric Jameson’s cognitive mapping as an allegorical model for the inherent frictions of computational capital. To this end, it discusses Kuwaiti artist Monira Al Qadiri’s artistic practice that reclaims a right to speculate while condensing material reality and imaginative threads, thereby going beyond a mere gesture of unveiling or mapping.
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Slutskiy, Pavel. "Threats of the Use of Force: “Mere Speech” or Rights Violation?" In Communication and Libertarianism, 165–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6664-0_11.
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Keen, Suzanne. "from Human Rights Discourse and Universals of Cognition and Emotion." In Empathy and Reading, 218–29. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003264071-19.
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Hacker, Philipp, and Jan-Hendrik Passoth. "Varieties of AI Explanations Under the Law. From the GDPR to the AIA, and Beyond." In xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI, 343–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_17.
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AbstractThe quest to explain the output of artificial intelligence systems has clearly moved from a mere technical to a highly legally and politically relevant endeavor. In this paper, we provide an overview of legal obligations to explain AI and evaluate current policy proposals. In this, we distinguish between different functional varieties of AI explanations - such as multiple forms of enabling, technical and protective transparency - and show how different legal areas engage with and mandate such different types of explanations to varying degrees. Starting with the rights-enabling framework of the GDPR, we proceed to uncover technical and protective forms of explanations owed under contract, tort and banking law. Moreover, we discuss what the recent EU proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act means for explainable AI, and review the proposal’s strengths and limitations in this respect. Finally, from a policy perspective, we advocate for moving beyond mere explainability towards a more encompassing framework for trustworthy and responsible AI that includes actionable explanations, values-in-design and co-design methodologies, interactions with algorithmic fairness, and quality benchmarking.
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Meyer, Heinz-Dieter. "Civility, Education, and the Embodied Mind—Three Approaches." In Knowledge and Civil Society, 291–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71147-4_14.
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AbstractIn this paper I explore conceptions of the embodied mind or heart-mind in three major global traditions: the Chinese (Confucian and Daoist) teachings on inner cultivation, especially the integration of hot and cold cognition (Slingerland 2014); the idea of sophrosyne or self-regulation in accord with wisdom that has long been the chief educational ideal of the Greek cultural cosmos; and the Buddhist-inspired idea of mindfulness which is now finding increasing applications in education. All three, I suggest, agree on a for our contemporary debates crucial point: that the reliably “civil” person is one whose moral development has matured to a point where their intellectual and moral capacities, their heart and mind (or “heart-mind”), achieve a degree of balanced integration. As the commonalities of these traditions are coming into view to a global community of education, we have a perhaps a new opportunity to recover a deeper sense of education that goes beyond the mere technical and instrumental competence that now preoccupies educational thought in many national and international influential reform projects.
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Kirchhelle, Claas. "Conclusion." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 239–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62792-8_13.
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AbstractThe conclusion reflects on Harrison’s achievements as a campaigner and analyses the wider changes of animal welfare politics, science, and activism that occurred during her life. Between 1920 and 2000, synthesist Edwardian campaigning gave rise to professionalised activism and new concepts of animal cognition, affective states, and welfare. The “backstage” of British corporatist welfare politics was similarly transformed by polarising “frontstage” public protest and animal rights thinking. Aided by the rise of a new “mandated” animal welfare science and European integration, the turbulent 1970s eventually resulted in a new world of British welfare politics characterised by transnational decision-making and market-driven assurance schemes, which relied on consumer citizens rather than citizen campaigners to drive change. Determined to bear witness to animal welfare, Harrison shaped and witnessed most of these changes even though the economic drivers of welfare were becoming divorced from the universalist moral framework she believed in.
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de Beco, Gauthier. "Political Participation: An Ultimate Priority." In Disability in International Human Rights Law, 143–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824503.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the right to political participation. It exposes the persistent lack of protection of disabled people’s political rights, including denial of the right to vote for those with cognitive impairments. It analyses what the CRPD requires in order for all disabled people to be able to exercise their voting rights and what it provides beyond the mere act of voting so as to encourage participation in ‘the conduct of public affairs’. It goes on to explain why the inclusion of disabled people in political life is a matter for the whole population and why there is no reason for denying the right to vote to any particular group. It also explores how to achieve political participation more broadly through real engagement in political activities.
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"“Not … a Mere Plaything”." In Dignity Rights, 26–53. University of Pennsylvania Press, Inc., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16qjxz7.7.
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Brinck, Ingar. "Social Robots for Social Institutions: Scaling up and Cutting Back on Cognition." In Social Robots in Social Institutions. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220667.
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Current technological change is rapid and far-reaching, more so than ever before in human history. It is transforming all dimensions of human life, leading to large-scale adaptation. Among the disruptive new technologies that are being introduced into society, social robots are distinguished by their hybrid existence between mere thing and mindful agent. They are physical machines capable of interacting with the surroundings and designed to collaborate with humans on human tasks while interacting in human ways. In contrast to rescue, delivery, and patrol robots that replace human labour, these robots take social roles such as tutor, peer, learner, companion, or assistant. On a more general note, social robots are expected to work closely with humans—as partner, colleague, family, and friend. Yet, that a robot can act as a social entity, does not entail the robot constitutes a social being in its own right [1]. The question is whether social robots are capable of participating in and contributing to human social institutions such as healthcare, education, and economy; and if this is so, the follow-up question concerns what this may entail for society in the longer perspective. The emphasis of the present talk lies on the first question, the supposed contribution of social robots to social institutions. Raising a few queries concerning the ability of the BDI-paradigm and affective robotics to provide an adequate reply to this question, at least in its present formulation, I will briefly outline an alternative that lays down a new path in HRI, based in the notions of embodied, embedded, dynamic, and distributed cognition. I claim that these notions are particularly well-suited for designing social institutional forms of HRI, because they permit modelling the relevant cognitive processes as unfolding in the physical space that humans and robots share. The environment provides the resources for HRI such as artefacts, routines, and embodied social norms that simultaneously constrain and enable the emergence of novel institutional practices involving human and machine.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Mere cognition of rights"
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Planojević, Nina. "Mere borbe sa covid – 19 u svetlu srpskih propisa o suzbijanju epidemija." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.797p.
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The subject of the author’s review are four major legal acts passed in April 2020 and the measures they foresee for supressing the COVID-19 epidemics which interfere with constitutionally guaranteed human rights. They are: The decision on declaring the disease COVID-19 inflicted by SARS-CoV-2 virus an infectious disease The Decree on declaring the epidemics of the infectious disease COVID-19, The Decision on declaring the state of emergency, The Decree on measures taken during the state of emergency. The goal of the author’s analysis is to determine whether these acts and measures are in accordance with the Constitution, the Law on the protection of population from infectious diseases and other laws which regulate supressing of epidemics. The analysis of each of these four acts are presented as a separate part of the paper. In the conslusion, the author states that generally all these acts that Serbia passed to combat COVID–19 virus were legally based, with the note that the justification for introducing this scope of restrictive measures legal professionals could not formulate independently, but only in cooperation with medical professionals.
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Cicoria, Massimiliano. "Legal Subjectivity and Absolute Rights of Nature." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.06.
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The anthropocentric approach that characterizes all human knowledge has led to a distortion of the relationship with Nature and a view of it as a mere object of law. This approach, presumably originating with Socrates, had solid support in Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, and finally, in Catholic patristics, hinging on all disciplines starting from philosophy, psychology, economics, up to law. Dwelling on the latter, examples of legislation that qualify Nature as an object of law are, increasingly over time, the Forest Charter of 1217, the Italian Law No. 1766 of 1927 on civic uses, and furthermore – Art. 812 of the Italian Civil Code, and finally – the cd. Consolidated Environmental Law. This view is, however, changing in some states such as Bolivia, New Zealand, India, Ecuador, Uganda, – the states that through either legislative acts or rulings of supreme courts have begun the process of granting both to Mother Earth in general, and rivers in particular, the status of juridical persons which are endowed with series of very personal rights, which are recognized. This is not the case in Europe, where the relevant legislation continues to consider Nature (or, better, the Environment) as an object of law, therefore as a “thing” from which to draw, albeit within certain limits, utilities of all kinds. By analysing legal instruments potentially useful for a Copernican revolution on this point – in particular, the Kelsenian concept of “legal person”, the meaning of “company” and the European provisions on Artificial Intelligence – the first conclusion is reached: in a relationship that is not only theoretical, but also practical and utilitarian, it would be opportune to start considering, also through acknowledgments in constitutional sources, the Nature as a subject and no longer an object of rights. In this regard, following the general theories of people’s rights, it could be granted certain absolute rights, of which the right to water, restoration and biodiversity are examined in the current article. Hence, we come to the second conclusion, namely, the contrasts that, in Western law, such an approach could suffer, analysing in particular the problems of neo-naturalism and representation.
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Tombolato, Monica. "RENEWING THE CURRICULUM TO PROMOTE EPISTEMIC COGNITION IN THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY: SOME PROCEDURAL PRINCIPLES." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end087.
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"In our Knowledge Society, the division of cognitive labor, the specialization of knowledge and the brisk growth of new information and communication technologies provide a complex challenge for those tasked with selecting what is worth teaching and how to do it. The ease of access to information due to advanced and user-friendly technologies often gives us the illusion to know more than we actually do. This “epistemic disease” is a danger to both democracy and public health. The educational system must therefore encourage good epistemic habits consistent with responsible citizenship. From a didactic perspective, this requires updating the curriculum in the light of the educational challenge of the 21st century: making students aware of what knowledge is and what knowing means by fostering their epistemic cognition. Since epistemic cognition is concerned with the acquisition of a habitus, that is, a durable disposition to act in a certain way under certain circumstances (second-level curriculum objective), curriculum updating should not be reduced to a mere quantitative increase in the knowledge to be taught. On the contrary, this revision should address, on a qualitative level, how the selected disciplinary content is didactically transpose. In this contribution, we intend to propose some procedural principles – conceived as pragmatic patterns of behavior – that can help teachers design instructional activities consistent with the goal of promoting students’ epistemic cognition. These procedural principles will be formulated based on a conception of discipline as a correlated system of epistemic products and expert practices of knowledge construction, validation, evaluation and justification."
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fatah aruzary, nasih. ""Religious pluralism In Islamic Thought "." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Summary Religious pluralism in its Western sense is an emergency solution by Western intellectuals to the lack of principles of religious and sectarian coexistence from the perspective of their religions. However, the term religious pluralism according to the Western perspective, which believes in the relativity of truth; He claims that all religions have some truth; Makes existing religions mere human opinions; It cuts off its connection from the absolute right, but removes the dress of divine revelation from it! Islam is a religion that believes in diversity and religious pluralism, by a special definition. so that religions are accepted as they are; And its texts show how to deal properly with all the people of religions Between both rights and duties, they provide both the rights and duties of the people of religions, so that the result is for the people of religions, so that the result Peaceful coexistence in reality, as well as convergence and harmony among all segments of society. This recognition of diversity through Islamic thought has made pluralism a real source of peaceful coexistence, rather than religious conflicts and sectarian intolerances. It has also made it a way of real creativity and production. "
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Vachon, François, and Sébastien Tremblay. "What Eye Tracking Can Reveal about Dynamic Decision-Making." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100226.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While eye tracking can provide invaluable information on visual cognition, it is uncertain whether the pattern of one’s ocular behavior could reflect mental processes beyond the mere visual encoding of task-relevant information. The present study is concerned with the use of eye-movement measures as indicators of the cognitive processing involved in situation monitoring and dynamic decision-making tasks. In the context of a computer-controlled simulation of radar-based risk assessment, we monitored eye movements and extracted metrics relative to 1) scanpath, 2) eye fixations, and 3) pupillary response in order to predict the quality of decisions and time taken to classify aircraft displayed on a radar screen according to their threat level. Based on multiple regressions performed on almost 10,000 classifications, eye-tracking data can explain 77.9% of the variance in decision time but failed to predict classification accuracy. However, when regressions were applied to individual differences, eye movements can predict both classification time (69.2%) and accuracy (45.9%). While the analysis of scanpath and fixation duration is a good indicator of information seeking and can predict the time taken to make a decision, pupil dilation appears to be informative on the quality of that decision. These findings show how dynamic, event-based measures of eye movements could serve as an assessment method that goes beyond traditional usability testing and provide insights in the design of user interface and decision support systems.
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Natea, Mihaela daciana. "PLAYING WITH FIRE OR SETTING ORDER? PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL IDENTITIES TROUGH INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Creating a brand is not an easy task nowadays because generating identities for product or services requires time, money and creative thinking. When it comes to countries regions or places the task is even harder but not because of the number of players that present similar offers but because these identities are based on cultural aspects that reflect from inside out, meaning - they must represent the community but also mean something to the outside world. An important subject developed in the broad subject of Intellectual property is the protection of traditional knowledge, or how a local community or a country can protect cultural and spiritual aspects and the way they can promote it through intellectual property aspects such as trademarks, geographical indications, patents, copyright and related rights. But this protection can raise certain conflicts between countries, because cultural aspects cannot be confined to the limit of a border. This can lead to disputes that have national interest at the core that states cannot neglect because these are elements that define the nations. Such is the case of geographical indications which have shown us in cases such as feta, Tokaj, Habanos and others, that certain elements of intellectual property have a higher meaning that a mere economic one, because they can represent the identity of a place or country. The article explores the different aspects of intellectual property involved in the process of traditional knowledge protection and tries to identify certain aspects that must be taken into consideration when undertaking the task of protecting cultural identities.
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Ахметова, А. А., and Елена Олеговна Тулупова. "THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND RUSSIA: THE EVOLUTION OF RELATIONS, THE PROBLEM OF INTERACTION AND THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION'S WITHDRAWAL FROM THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE." In ИНСТИТУТЫ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ГРАЖДАНИНА В ИСТОРИИ РОССИИ. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56777/lawinn.2023.41.28.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
В данной научной работе рассмотрен процесс вступления России в Совет Европы и развития сотрудничества между страной и Советом Европы, проведен анализ возможных правовых и экономических последствий выхода России из Совета Европы. Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что на момент исключения России из Совета Европы, в Европейском Суде по правам человека на рассмотрении находилось около 17 тысячи жалоб, поданных против России. Цель данной работы включает в себя следующие задачи: анализ юридических последствий выхода России из Совета Европы; дальнейшая судьба конвенций и соглашений, подписанных и ратифицированных Россией в рамках сотрудничества с Советом Европы. Методология исследования представляет собой совокупность общенаучных т частнонаучных методов познания: историко-правовой, формально-юридический, метод сравнения. В результате выявлено: Россия выходит из Совета Европы, перестает быть стороной Конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод 16 сентября 2022 г. This research paper examines the process of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe and the development of cooperation between the country and the Council of Europe, analyzes the possible legal and economic consequences of Russia's withdrawal from the Council of Europe. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that at the time of Russia's exclusion from the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights was considering about 17 thousand complaints filed against Russia. The purpose of this work includes the following tasks: analysis of the legal consequences of Russia's withdrawal from the Council of Europe; the further fate of conventions and agreements signed and ratified by Russia within the framework of cooperation with the Council of Europe. The research methodology is a set of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: historical-legal, formal-legal, comparison method. As a result, it was revealed: Russia is withdrawing from the Council of Europe, ceases to be a party to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on September 16, 2022.
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Stepanenko, Ravia, Farida Khamidullina, Lidia Sabirova, Alena Soldatova, and Ilshat Ashrafzyanov. "Principles of equality and justice as absolute values of Russian constitutionalism." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.vpef9043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers common legal principals of equality and justice whose significance is increasing in the conditions of uncertainty and instability of the modern public order. Negativism of differentiation processes and increased social inequality studied by the legal science draws the attention of researchers to the cognition of constitutionalism ideas that can be used (as the authors believe) to overcome unfavorable situations related with adherence to and protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens defined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The principles of equality and justice having absolute value in the system of value and mentality institutes must serve a basis for the methodology of rule-making and enforcement activity. The authors also highlight the need to observe succession in the doctrine and practice of constitutionalism, namely the need for support in achieving pre-revolutionary and soviet legal science. In this light, the liberal approach to the principles of equality and justice cannot take the monopoly position and must be supplemented by other ideas developed in the science. Taking into account methodological positions, the specific features of implementing the principles of equality and justice must be the subject of doctrinal researches of the theory of state and law and constitutional law in the methodological synthesis of interdisciplinary relations.
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Reid, James. "The Change Laboratory in CLIL settings: Foregrounding the Voices of East Asian Students." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I propose that the Change Laboratory is an underutilized intervention research methodology that can be used to foreground the voices, needs and rights of East Asian students taking English Medium Instruction classes predicated on the Western Socratic learning habitus. In particular, I relate the Change Laboratory methodology to a specific type of EMI pedagogy known as CLIL, Content Language Integrated Learning. What separates CLIL courses from content-based language learning and other forms of EMI, is the planned integration of the ‘4Cs’ of content, cognition, communication and culture into teaching and learning practice (Coyle et al., 2010). CLIL pedagogy aims to motivate and empower students in learner-centered classrooms. However, student voices have not often been foregrounded in research. The Change laboratory (Virkkunen and Newnham, 2013) is an intervention research methodology that can empower students with regard to course design. It applies a “Vygotskyan developmental approach in real-world, collective, organizational settings” (Bligh and Flood, 2015) and is therefore in accordance with CLIL pedagogy underpinned by the constructivist ideas of Bruner, Vygotsky and Piaget. There is much potential for the Change Laboratory to be used in course design as it focuses on how “institutional forms actually unfold locally” (Bligh and Flood, 2015) and has the ability to “develop the transformative agency of marginalized voices in higher education” (Bligh and Flood, 2015). Thus, I argue that Change Laboratory interventions can reduce linguistic imperialism, or perceptions thereof, in English Medium Instruction or CLIL settings in East Asia. They can help investigate the perception of cultural habitus – Confucian and Socratic – that may affect learning dispositions and in doing so redesign courses that better fit the needs of learners.