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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Mechanism of cathodic reactions"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Mechanism of cathodic reactions"

1

Wang, Shao Qing, Fa Qin Xie, Xiao Fei Yao, and Xiang Qing Wu. "Mechanism of Cathodic Plasma Electrolytic Deposition on Ti6Al4V Alloy in Al(NO3)3 Ethanol-Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 1145 (March 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1145.54.

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Barrier layer was prepared by Micro-arc oxidation(MAO) technique in silicate solution, and cathodic plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED) technique was used to fabricate Al2O3 ceramic coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy in Al(NO3)3(30g/L) and ethanol-aqueous solutions. Surface morphology and elemental of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). Reaction phenomena were recorded and products of reactions were analyzed by infrared absorption spectrum KBr compression method. Furthermore, mechanisms of different electrolytes were evaluated.
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2

Kahyarian, Aria, Bruce Brown, and Srdjan Nešić. "Mechanism of Cathodic Reactions in Acetic Acid Corrosion of Iron and Mild Steel." CORROSION 72, no. 12 (December 2016): 1539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/2177.

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3

Dang, Trung Dung. "STUDY ON THE PREPARATION OF MANGANESE DIOXIDE VIA CATHODIC ELECTROLYSIS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 5B (March 24, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/5b/12207.

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A novel synthesis method was developed to prepare manganese dioxide via cathodic electrolysis in potassium permanganate solution. The morphology and the composition of the synthesized products were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The electrolyzed products include two kinds of materials: amorphous and crystalline manganese dioxide. The manganese dioxides were formed by cathodic reduction via two reaction mechanisms: direct and indirect electrochemical reactions. The electrolysis current performance strongly depends on the electrolyte solution temperature, applied voltage and not clearly depends on electrolyte solution concentration. With high current performance and uniformity products, the cathodic reduction of potassium permanganate is promising method for manganese dioxide fabrication.
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4

Liu, Chenxu, Jin Zhang, Yedong He, Peng Wang, Shunjie Deng, and Shuguang Zhang. "Al2O3 Microspheres Prepared by Cathode Plasma Electrolysis." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 1 (2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16214.

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Al2O3 microspheres were prepared by cathode plasma electrolysis (CPE) in an aqueous solution of Al(NO)3·9H2O. Compared with high-temperature calcination methods, the CPE method afforded the preparation of microspheres directly at room temperature. The results showed that regular microspheres formed under relatively high concentrations of Al(NO)3·9H2O. The microspheres, with diameters mostly in the range of 5–30 μm, consisted of γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3. The possible formation mechanism included the following processes: (1) Al(OH)3 intermediate was formed during the cathodic reactions; (2) plasma energized the intermediate to Al2O3; and (3) microspheres formed under the effect of the surface tension.
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5

Asmara, Yuli Panca. "Simulation of CO2 Corrosion of Carbon Steel in High Pressure and High Temperature Environment (HPHT)." Journal of Integrated and Advanced Engineering (JIAE) 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51662/jiae.v2i1.41.

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In HPHT environments, the mechanism of CO2 corrosion faces a challenge as an effect of chemical-physical reactions on the metal surface. The presence of other elements in the CO2 system complicates corrosion behavior. To provide a realistic mechanism for corrosion process, some corrosion prediction models have developed software using fundamental theories such as electrochemical reactions and thermodynamics theories. Existing methods to predict corrosion rate models in HPHT environments have shown reasonable results. This paper reviews software of corrosion predictions which calculate corrosion rate based on mechanistic theories that study effects of H2S, acetic acid (HAc) concentrations, shear stress, pH in temperature from 25oC – 100oC and pressure from 1–10 bar. From the simulation, corrosion rate increased significantly in the high pressure CO2 environment. Corrosion rate at pH 4 increased to 30 mm/y at a temperature from 15oC to 90oC. While at pH 8 corrosion rate reached 4 mm/y. This lower corrosion rate indicated a tendency for deposits formation at higher pH. Corrosion rate behaves in a different mechanism at high temperatures. The corrosion rate decreased to 4 mm/y when the temperature increased to more than 90oC. Effects H2S gas and HAc were identified to increase corrosion rate. Both elements provide extra cathodic reaction and create limiting current density in the cathodic reaction process based on polarization sweep models. However, the polarization graph calculated using corrosion models could not display passive behavior in the anodic polarization process. Thus, further, improvement should be considered. From the data calculation, it can be shown that corrosion prediction software can predict corrosion rate in HPHT conditions.
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6

Altunöz-Erdoğan, Deniz, Nevin Erk, and Esma Kılıç. "Voltammetric methods of reboxetine analysis and the mechanism of its electrode reactions." Open Chemistry 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 706–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0213-8.

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AbstractReboxetine (RBX) electrochemical redox behavior at hanging mercury drop (HMDE) and glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) was studied in various pH Britton-Robinson universal buffers using cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry. RBX was reduced at the HMDE and oxidized at the GCE with reversible adsorption controlled and irreversible diffusion controlled processes respectively. The anodic peak is due to the amine and the cathodic peak may correspond to oxygen protonation. An oxidation reaction mechanism is proposed. The linear relation between peak currents and RBX concentration allowed simple, sensitive, precise and inexpensive voltammetric procedures to be developed. The limit of detection was 0.04 µM RBX. The procedures were successfully applied to human urine and RBX tablet assay. Therapeutic RBX concentrations in human serum were not detected due to strong drug-protein binding. Using bovine serum albumin, the methods were used to investigate the effect of serum protein binding on RBX determination.
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7

Zhuzhel’skii, D. V., V. A. Krylova, V. D. Ivanov, and V. V. Malev. "Mechanism of electrochemical reactions of polyaniline films formed under the conditions of cathodic oxygen reduction." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 45, no. 2 (February 2009): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1023193509020049.

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8

Sunarya, Yayan. "3-Mercaptopropionic Acid as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in CO2 Aerated 1% NaCl Solution with Buffer Control-pH." Molekul 13, no. 2 (December 8, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2018.13.2.340.

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In this research, 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in CO2 aerated 1% NaCl solution with buffer pH adjustment has been studied by means of electrochemical impedance (EIS) and polarization (Tafel plot). MPA was found to be an effective carbon steel inhibitor. Percentage inhibition efficiency (IE %) calculated by both Tafel plot and EIS, ranged from 85% to 90%. MPA was found to affect the cathodic processes and act as cathodic-type inhibitors. Mechanism of inhibit corrosion by adsorption mechanism leads to the formation of a protective chemisorbed film on the metal surface film which suppresses the dissolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction is activation controlled.
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9

He, Xiang Zhu, Wen Jun Zhang, and Yong Xiu Wang. "Electrodepositon and Properties of Ni-Diamond Composite Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 702 (May 2013): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.702.176.

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Ni-diamond composite coatings are conducted by electrodepositon. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the composite coatings were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the mechanism of Ni-diamond co-deposition is conducted by catholic polarization and cyclic voltammetry method. The result reveals that diamond particles are successfully embed in Ni matrix and the coatings have an amorphous structure. Cyclic voltammetry indicate that nickel deposition process is an irreversible electrode reaction and cathode polarization curve shift towards positive with the increase of scan rates. Cathodic polarization curve shows that reduction potential of nickel to shift to more negatives with the addition of complexing agent and the slope of the polarization curve is decrease; The addition of brightener and dispersant hinder the deposition of Ni2+ and promote the growth of crystal nucleus; The join of wetting agents and diamond particles have no big influence on the deposition of nickel.
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10

Ju, Hong, and Yan Li. "Coulostatic-Based Research on Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Three Inhibitors for Hot Dipped Coating Steels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.87.

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The corrosion inhibition mechanism of three inhibitors for hot dipped coating steels in HCl acid was studied by coulostatic method. The results showed that the anodic Tafel slope ba and cathodic Tafel slope bc significantly increased with increasing of corrosion inhibitor concentration. While the corrosion current density Icorr decreases with the corrosion inhibition concentration increasing. And the inhibition efficiency increased with the inhibitor concentration. The inhibiting action of these compounds were attributed to blocking of the electrode surface by adsorption through its active centers. The three inhibitors were both mixed inhibitors, and reacted as good inhibition by the adsorption of the active sites in the cathodic reaction and the anodic reaction of corrosion process.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Mechanism of cathodic reactions"

1

Ina, Toshiaki. "Study on Cathodic Reaction Mechanism of All Solid State Electrochemical Devices." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157658.

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Анотація:
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第16947号
人博第590号
新制||人||141(附属図書館)
23||人博||590(吉田南総合図書館)
29622
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 杉山 雅人, 教授 田部 勢津久, 准教授 藤原 直樹, 准教授 雨澤 浩史
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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2

Williams, Robert Earl Jr. "Simulation and Characterization of Cathode Reactions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16309.

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In this study, we have developed a dense La0.85Sr0.15MnO3-δ (LSM) Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) composite electrode system for studying the surface modification of cathodes. The LSM and GDC grains in the composite were well defined and distinguished using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The specific three-phase boundary (TPB) length per unit electrode surface area was systematically controlled by adjusting the LSM to GDC volume ratio of the composite from 40% up to 70%. The TPB length for each tested sample was determined through stereological techniques and used to correlate the cell performance and degradation with the specific TPB length per unit surface area. An overlapping spheres percolation model was developed to estimate the activity of the TPB lines on the surface of the dense composite electrodes developed. The model suggested that the majority of the TPB lines would be active and the length of those lines maximized if the volume percent of the electrolyte material was kept in the range of 47 57%. Additionally, other insights into the processing conditions to maximize the amount of active TPB length were garnered from both the stereology calculations and the percolation simulations. Steady-state current voltage measurements as well as electrochemical impedance measurements on numerous samples under various environmental conditions were completed. The apparent activation energy for the reduction reaction was found to lie somewhere between 31 kJ/mol and 41 kJ/mol depending upon the experimental conditions. The exchange current density was found to vary with the partial pressure of oxygen differently over two separate regions. At relatively low partial pressures, i0 had an approximately dependence and at relatively high partial pressures, i0 had an approximately dependence. This led to the conclusion that a change in the rate limiting step occurs over this range. A method for deriving the electrochemical properties from proposed reaction mechanisms was also presented. State-space modeling was used as it is a robust approach to addressing these particular types of problems due to its relative ease of implementation and ability to efficiently handle large systems of differential algebraic equations. This method combined theoretical development with experimental results obtained previously to predict the electrochemical performance data. The simulations agreed well the experimental data and allowed for testing of operating conditions not easily reproducible in the lab (e.g. precise control and differentiation of low oxygen partial pressures).
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3

Phillips, Janice Paige. "Rearrangements of Radical Anions Generated from Cyclopropyl Ketones." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40178.

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Cyclopropyl-containing substrates have been frequently utilized as "probes" for the detection of SET pathways in organic and biorganic systems. These reactions are based on the cyclorpropylcarbinyl - homoallyl rearrangement, which is fast and essentially irreversible. The implicit assumption in such studies is that if a "radical" species is produced, it will undergo ring opening. We have found that there are two important factors to consider in the design of SET probes: 1) ring strain, the thermodynamic driving force for the rearrangement, and 2) resonance energy, which may help or hinder rearrangement, depending on the specific system. Delocalization of spin and charge were found to be important factors pertaining to substituent effects on the rates of radical anion rearrangements. Previous studies from our lab have centered on highly conjugated phenyl cyclopropyl ketones. This work considers a series of compounds varying in their conjugative components from a highly conjugated spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one and derivatives to simple aliphatic ketones. Utilizing cyclic, linear sweep voltammetry, and preparative electrolysis techniques, it was discovered that all substrates yielded ring opened products with rates and selectivities that will prove useful and informative in the design of mechanistic probes based on the cyclorpropylcarbinyl - homoallyl rearrangement. Rates of homogeneous electron transfer from a series of hydrocarbon mediators to substrates were measured using homogeneous catalysis techniques. Standard reduction potentials and reorganization energies of substrates were derived using Marcus theory. Conjugative interactions with the cyclopropyl group are discussed.
Ph. D.
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4

Herle, Jan van Van herle Jan Van herle Jan Van herle Jan. "Oxygen reduction reaction mechanisms at solid fuel cell cathodes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1187.

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5

Rattakham, Krittin. "Mechanism of Cathodic Prevention of Carbon Steel in Concrete." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6630.

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In this work, I aim to clarify the mechanism that allows steel to attain higher chloride threshold as it is cathodically polarized. Specifically, I seek to provide empirical information on whether an intrinsic (predominantly interfacial effects of polarization) or an extrinsic (predominantly concentration changes due to polarization) mechanism may be dominant in the beneficial effect of polarization. I carried out this experiment with 12 identical concrete specimens, each with a cast-in steel plate, constantly exposed them to high-chloride environment. The specimens were divided into 4 triplicates and polarized at 4 different level from OCP, -200, -300 to -400 mVSCE The specimens were closely monitored for signs of corrosion. When corrosion was detected in a specimen, it was demolished to gain access to steel-concrete interface. Measurements of pH using a novel procedure and chloride ion concentration were done on the interface using an adapted in-situ pH measurement and a Florida Department of Transportation procedure respectively. The pH and chloride ion concentrations obtained in this study favor to some extent a dominant intrinsic mechanism interpretation, while the evidence in support of a dominant extrinsic mechanism interpretation remains elusive.
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6

Xiao, Yao. "Analysis for reaction mechanism of cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263747.

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Анотація:
京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23286号
人博第1001号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 高木 紀明
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DFAM
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7

Ishifune, Manabu. "Exploitation of New Synthetic Reactions by Means of Cathodic Reduction." Kyoto University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/74620.

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8

Каракуркчі, Ганна Володимирівна. "Електрохімічне формування функціональних покриттів сплавами заліза з молібденом і вольфрамом". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/21865.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.03 – технічна електрохімія. – Національний технічний університет “Харківський політехнічний інститут”, Харків, 2015 р. Дисертацію присвячено розробці технології електрохімічного формування функціональних покриттів сплавами заліза з молібденом і вольфрамом із цитратних електролітів для одержання матеріалів з високою корозійною стійкістю, фізико-механічними та трибологічними характеристиками. На підставі аналізу кінетичних закономірностей встановлено механізм електрохімічного одержання сплавів Fe-Mo і Fe-Mo-W, за яким співосадження заліза з молібденом і вольфрамом із цитратного електроліту в інтервалі pH 3,0–4,0 відбувається за двома маршрутами: перший – стадійне відновлення металів із гетероядерних комплексів складу [FeHCitMO₄]⁻, (М = Mo, W), розряд яких супроводжується хімічною реакцією вивільнення ліганду, а другий – стадійне відновлення феруму (ІІІ) із цитратних електролітів переважно з адсорбованих комплексів складу [FeHCit]⁺, й частково – з FeOH²⁺, та супроводжується хімічною стадією вивільнення ліганду. Експериментальні дослідження функціональних властивостей електролітичних сплавів довели, що покриття Fe-Mo і Fe-Mo-W володіють підвищеною корозійною стійкістю у кислому середовищі, що зумовлене кислотним характером оксидів тугоплавких компонентів, у нейтральному – опором пітинговій корозії, що загалом перевищує хімічний опір сталі та чавуна. Запропоновані електролітичні сплави переважають за мікротвердістю основу зі сталі у 2–3 рази, а чавуну – у 4–5 рази, причому вміст вольфраму забезпечує зростання механічних та триботехнічних характеристик. Мікротвердість, антифрикційні властивості та зносостійкість електролітичних сплавів Fe-Mo і Fe-Mo-W зростають за рахунок утворення аморфної структури. Запропоновано технологічну схему електрохімічного формування функціональних покриттів сплавами заліза з молібденом і вольфрамом та розроблено технологічні інструкції для процесів їх осадження.
Thesis for granting the Degree of Candidate of Technical sciences in speciality 05.17.03 – Technical Electrochemistry. – National Technical University “Kharkiv Politechnical Institute”, 2015. The thesis is devoted to the development of technology for iron alloys electrochemical functional coatings with molybdenum and tungsten electrodeposition from citrate electrolyte to produce materials with high corrosion resistance, physical, mechanical and tribological properties. On the basis of kinetic regularities the mechanism of Fe-Mo, Fe-Mo-W alloys’ formation was established as co-precipitation of iron with molybdenum and tungsten in the range pH 3,0–4,0 happening on two routes, one-alloying metals reduction from heteronuclear complexes [FeHCitMO₄]⁻ is accompanied by chemical reaction of ligand releasing, and the second-reduction of iron (III) from the adsorbed complexes [FeHCit]⁺ and in part – from FeOH²⁺ accompanied by the chemical stage of ligand release. Experimental study of the electrolytic alloys functional properties have shown the high corrosion resistance of FeMo and Fe-Mo-W coatings in acidic and neutral media stimulated by acidic nature of refractory oxide components which exceeds the resistance of steel and cast iron. Proposed electrolytic alloys dominated by microhardness steel substrates in 2–3 times, and cast iron – in 4–5 times, the increasing tungsten content provides increasing in physical, mechanical and tribological properties of electrolytic alloys due to the formation of amorphous structure. A technological scheme for electrochemical synthesis of iron alloys functional coatings with molybdenum and tungsten was designed and technological instructions were prepared for implementation.
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9

Сачанова, Юлія Іванівна. "Електрохімічне формування покривів сплавами і композитами Fe–Co–Mo(MoOₓ)". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/43990.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.03 – Технічна електрохімія. – Національний технічний уні-верситет “Харківський політехнічний інститут”, Харків, 2019. Дисертаційну роботу присвячено розробці технології електроосадження функціональних покривів сплавами заліза з кобальтом і молібденом з комплек-сних цитратних електролітів. За результатами аналізу іонних рівноваг і кінетичних закономірностей встановлено, що молібден відновлюється у сплав з ферумом та кобальтом до металевого стану з гетероядерних комплексів через утворення проміжних сполук як внаслідок катодної поляризації, так і ад-атомами водню за рахунок реалізації спілловер-ефекту. Варіювання режимів і параметрів електролізу дозволяє формувати композитні металоксидні покриви в системі ферум-кобальт-молібден інкорпорацію до складу металевої матриці оксидів молібдену, як інтермедіатів електродних реакцій. Обґрунтовано кількісний склад електроліту та режими нанесення покривів із заданим вмістом компонентів, морфологією, структурою та експлуатаційними характеристиками. Визначено оптимальні режими поляризації, застосування яких дозволяє отримувати бездефектні покриви. Корозійний опір покривів системи Fe–Co–Mo(МоОₓ) перевищує значення для сплавотвірних компонентів, а мікротвердість майже втричі вища за мікротвердість матеріалу основи та індивідуальних компонентів тернарної системи. Високу електрокаталітичну активність покривів виявлено в катодних реакціях виділення водню, яка внаслідок реалізації синергетичного ефекту вища порівняно із індивідуальними металами і зростає з вмістом молібдену, а активність покривів Fe–Co–Mo(МоОₓ) в анодних реакціях окиснення низькомолекулярних спиртів за густиною струмів анодних і катодних піків навіть вища, ніж на платині. Покриви є “магнітом’якими матеріали”, які можна застосовувати у виробництві магніто-оптичних інформаційних накопичувачів, а сенсорні властивості щодо окремих компонентів газових середовищ використано для створення чутливого елемента сенсора. Запропоновано технологічну схему електроосадження покривів Fe–Co–Mo(МоОₓ) залежно від їх практичного призначення.
Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences in the speciality 05.17.03 – Technical еlectrochemistry. – National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute” Kharkiv, 2019. The dissertation is devoted to the development of technology for electrodeposition of functional coatings by alloys of iron with cobalt and molybdenum from complex citrate electrolytes. Based on the analysis of ionic equilibria and kinetic laws, it was found that molybdenum is converted into an alloy with iron and cobalt to a metallic state from heteronuclear complexes through the formation of intermediate spokes both as a result of cathodic polarization and as a result of the formation of hydrogen and hydrogen atoms. realize overflow effect. Changing the modes and parameters of electrolysis allows the formation of composite metal oxide coatings in iron-cobalt-molybdenum system by including a metal matrix of molybdenum oxide as an intermediate link of electrode reactions. The quantitative composition of the electrolyte and the modes of coating with a given content of components, morphology, structure and operational characteristics are justified. The optimal polarization modes are determined, the use of which allows one to obtain defect-free coatings. The corrosion resistance of the coatings of the Fe-Co-Mo(MoOₓ) system exceeds the value for the alloy components, and the microhardness is three times higher than the microhardness for steel and individual components of the ternary system. High electrocatalytic activity of the coatings was found in cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions, which, as a result of the synergistic effect, is higher than for individual metals, and grows with the molybdenum content and the activity of Fe-Co-Mo (MoOₓ). Coatings in the reactions of anodic oxidation of low molecular weight alcohols at a current density of the anodic and cathodic peaks are even higher than on a platinum electrode. The coatings turned out to be "soft magnetic materials" that can be used in the manufacture of magneto-optical information storage devices, and the sensory properties of individual components of gaseous media were used to create a sensitive element of the sensor. The technological scheme of electrodeposition of Fe-Co-Mo (MoOₓ) coatings is proposed, depending on their practical purpose.
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Tuerxun, Feilure. "Elucidation of reaction mechanism at the anode/electrolyte interface and cathode material for rechargeable magnesium battery." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263749.

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京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23288号
人博第1003号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 高木 紀明, 教授 中村 敏浩
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Книги з теми "Mechanism of cathodic reactions"

1

Mechanism in protein chemistry. New York: Garland Pub., 1995.

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Ruff, F. Organic reactions: Equilibria, kinetics, and mechanism. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994.

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3

Zaikov, G. E. Chemical and biochemical reactions: Kinetics and mechanism. New York: Nova Science, 2011.

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The mechanism of reactions at transition metal sites. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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5

L, Iordanskiĭ Lexei, ed. Advances in kinetics and mechanism of chemical reactions. Oakville, ON: Apple Academic Press, 2013.

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6

Wilkins, Ralph G. Kinetics and mechanism of reactions of transition metal complexes. 2nd ed. Weinheim: VCH, 1991.

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Wilkins, Ralph G. Kinetics and mechanism of reactions of transition metal complexes. 2nd ed. Weinheim: VCH, 1991.

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8

Gao, Ying. Investigations on the mechanism of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillating reaction. Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag, 1994.

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9

Wong, Dominic W. S. Mechanism and theory in food chemistry. New York, N.Y: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989.

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10

Chung, Ching Luan. A global approach for using kinematic redundancy to minimize base reactions of manipulators. Pittsburgh, Pa: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Mechanism of cathodic reactions"

1

Krishtalik, L. I. "Mechanism of an Elementary Act and the Kinetics of the Cathodic Evolution of Hydrogen." In Charge Transfer Reactions in Electrochemical and Chemical Processes, 212–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8718-3_6.

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2

Kyriacou, Demetrios. "Cathodic Organic Reactions." In Modern Electroorganic Chemistry, 110–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78677-8_3.

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3

Besenhard, J. O. "Cathodic Reduction of Graphite." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 280–81. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145326.ch162.

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4

Li, Jie Jack. "ANRORC mechanism." In Name Reactions, 9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04835-1_7.

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Li, Jie Jack. "ANRORC mechanism." In Name Reactions, 10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05336-2_8.

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6

Towl, A. D. C. "In the Cathodic Reduction of Polonium." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 172. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145159.ch110.

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7

Ghahremaninezhad, Ahmad, Edouard Asselin, and David G. Dixon. "Cathodic Reactions on Oxidized Chalcopyrite Electrode." In Electrometallurgy 2012, 199–206. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118371350.ch20.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Criegee mechanism of ozonolysis." In Name Reactions, 86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04835-1_71.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Criegee mechanism of ozonolysis." In Name Reactions, 161. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01053-8_70.

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Li, Jie Jack. "Criegee mechanism of ozonolysis." In Name Reactions, 187. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03979-4_77.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Mechanism of cathodic reactions"

1

Tarhini, Ali A., and Ramsey F. Hamade. "Cathodic Disbondment of Rubber/Steel Adhesive Bonds Modeled as Liquid-Solid Reactions." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63307.

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Under cathodic conditions, rubber/steel adhesive bonded joints have been documented to ‘weaken’ due to attack by the generated alkali. If this were to occur under the action of cleavage mechanical loads, the bonds are likely to completely ‘delaminate’ causing the bonded constituents to physically separate. These two modes of disbondment are referred to as ‘weakening’ and ‘delamination’, respectively. Previously, Hamade and coworkers have implemented empirical and semi-empirical approaches to modeling cathodic disbondment of adhesive joints. Here, a method is presented to simulate bond weakening progress via numerical solutions. Bond degradation is modeled as a liquid-solid chemical reactor due to the attack by the alkaline medium. Specifically, the diffusion and chemical reaction processes involved in weakening are mathematically represented via a simplified, 2 partial differential equations (p.d.e.) boundary value problem (BVP). This is a reduced version of the more complex electrochemical formulation needed to fully describe the chemistry at the bondline under cathodic conditions. The weakening model is capable of simulating weakened bond lengths vs. time as function of electrolyte type (artificial sweater, ASW, or 1N NaOH), cathodic potential, and temperature. Furthermore and to model bond delamination, a mechano-chemical failure criterion is incorporated into the weakening formulation effectively coupling fracture mechanics principles with those of cathodic degradation. A fracture mechanics parameter, applied strain energy release rate, G, is used to represent the effect of externally applied loads. The failure criterion stipulates that the bond will delaminate if the applied G exceeds that of the degraded bond’s residual resistance. Both, the weakening and delamination formulations are validated against experimental data of bond weakening and delamination under a variety of conditions. As such, the numerical simulations developed in this work may be used to provide first order estimates of the life of rubber/steel bonded joints (weakened or delaminated lengths vs. time) as function of cathodic parameters and applied G (if the joint is loaded in the case of delamination).
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2

Yunovich, Mark, and Neil G. Thompson. "AC Corrosion: Mechanism and Proposed Model." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0574.

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Corrosion caused by the discharge of 60 Hz AC current from a pipeline in a high voltage AC (HVAC) corridor has been discussed and studied over the past 20 or more years. More recent studies in Europe have specifically addressed these corrosion issues following several failures attributed to the presence of AC discharge from the pipeline. Very few corrosion failures in North America have been specifically attributed to what is termed AC-enhanced corrosion (ACEC). One missing area of research is well-controlled laboratory experiments in soil environments. This study proposed a mechanism of ACEC that is based on conventional electrochemistry using the same equivalent analog circuits used to discuss other corrosion processes. It was shown that only a small amount of the 60 Hz AC current discharge passes through the resistive component of the equivalent circuit, which results in corrosion (metal loss) reactions. The AC current passing through this resistive component produces both anodic and cathodic polarization shift (sine wave dependent) resulting in a net increase in the average corrosion rate as compared to the free-corrosion rate. The proposed model for ACEC does not invoke any new electrochemical concepts and is based on the conventional (DC) treatment of the corrosion processes; the model excludes treatment of cases with imposed cathodic protection current. The amount of ACEC is dependent on the magnitude of AC current that passes through the resistive component of the parallel resistive-capacitive electrochemical interface. ACEC is characterized by the rapid formation of a diffusion controlled (Warburg) process for corrosion in soils. Although diffusion controlled, the overall impedance decreases as the total AC current increases. The model suggests that AC currents (60Hz) cause anodic (positive) polarization shifts during the positive portion of the imposed AC sinewave along with cathodic polarization shifts in the negative portion of the AC sinewave; the net result is an increase in the average oxidation (metal loss) current as compared to the free-corrosion condition. The proposed model for the ACEC mechanism showed excellent correlation with the experimental results. The research work was made possible by the funding from PRCInternational.
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3

Saji, Genn. "Degradation of Aged Plants by Corrosion: Radiation-Induced Corrosion Cells Inducing “Long-Cell” Action." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75712.

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In the previous papers, the author has established various ‘long cell’ corrosion configurations that should exist in nuclear power plants. With these corrosion mechanisms in place, the plant can be characterized as an assembly of gigantic short-circuited electrical batteries, inducing electrochemical corrosion at localized anodic sites. If these corrosion cells are involved at nuclear power plants, macroscopic electrochemical potential differences must be demonstrated between anodic sites where dissolution of metal (i.e. corrosion) is taking place and cathodic sites where deposition (also called sedimentation) of corrosion products are often observed. Among these, the radiation-induced corrosion cell is an important mechanism of corrosion issues among nuclear power plants, since it plays a major role in the corrosion problems found in primary water, including PWSCC and AOA in PWRs and IGSCC in the BWRs. There is numerous experimental evidence indicating a potential difference induced by radiation, however, the exact mechanism of such phenomena has not been investigated from the ‘long cell action’ corrosion hypothesis point of view. The author investigated the basic mechanism by combining radiation chemistry, electrochemistry and corrosion science to confirm the existence of radiation-induced ‘long-cell’ action (macro) corrosion cell. By performing a competition kinetic study, which is a simplified approach to determine which of several competing reactions will predominate, the hydrated electrons, e−aq, reacting mainly with stable molecules, are found responsible for inducing a large portion of the potential difference both in the PWR and BWR water chemistry environment. The hydrated electrons react with a cathodic half-cell included in the stable solutes thereby inducing redox reactions in the mixed cell configuration with both reducing and oxidizing actions. This method reproduces the reported experimentally observed ECP variation to a certain extent (observed in the INCA Test Loop in Sweden and NRI-Rez BWR-2 Loop in Czech Republic) which was measured by widely changing the solute concentrations, such as dissolved hydrogen and oxygen. The author believes the results support the assumed major reactions acting in the redox process.
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Fischer, Katharina, and Joerg R. Seume. "Location and Magnitude of Heat Sources in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97167.

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The correct prediction of the temperature distribution is a prerequisite for the reliable determination of species and current distributions in any solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model. It is even more crucial if the model is intended for the analysis of thermo-mechanical stresses. This paper addresses the different mechanisms of heat generation and absorption in the fuel cell. Particular attention is paid to the heating associated with the oxidation of hydrogen, which is commonly assigned to the interface between electrolyte and anode in SOFC modeling. But for a detailed determination of the temperature profile in the fuel cell solid components the separate consideration of the cathodic and anodic half-reactions is required. A method for determining the specific entropy change of the half-reactions based on Seebeck-coefficient data is adopted from the literature and applied to the SOFC. In order to exemplarily demonstrate the contribution of the various heat sources to the overall heat generation as well as the influence of their location, a spatially discretized model of a tubular SOFC is used. Temperature profiles obtained with and without separate consideration of the electrode reactions are compared. The comparison shows that the spatially descretized reaction model is indeed necessary for the reliable assessment of temperature gradients in the ceramic SOFC components.
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Alqahtani, Noora, Jiahui Qi, Aboubakr M. Abdullah, Nicholas J. Laycock, and Mary P. Ryan. "The Formation of Sulfide Scales on Carbon Steel in Saturated H2S." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0057.

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There are three contributing elements of corrosion of Carbon Steel in H₂ S environment: the effect of H2S on water chemistry; electrochemical reactions of the bare iron surface (both anodic and cathodic processes); and the formation and growth of corrosion product layers. The electrochemical reaction commonly contains three stages: first, the reactant transported from the solution (bulk) to the metal surface; then the transfer of the charge reaction on the surface, followed by the reaction product transported away from the iron surface to the bulk solution or the formation and development of the corrosion product which then can decrease the corrosion rate. Development of a robust corrosion model to predict the corrosion process in H2S requires a mechanistic understanding of all these elements. An experimental study was carried out to assess the corrosion of C-steel under open-circuit technique conditions and in solutions at several ranges of time and temperatures. The effect of film composition, morphology, structure, thickness, and ion- concentration of corrosion product films formed on pipeline Carbon Steel in an acid sour solution were examined. The electrochemical behavior of the filmed steel was measured, and the film properties assessed using a range of advanced techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The data will be discussed in terms of film formation mechanisms.
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6

Saji, Genn. "“Long-Cell Action” Corrosion: A Basic Mechanism Hidden Behind Components Degradation Issues in Nuclear Power Plants." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89350.

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In spite of industries’ effort over the last 40 years, corrosion-related issues continue to be one of the largest unresolved problems for nuclear power plants worldwide. There are several types of strange corrosion phenomena from the point of view of our current understanding of corrosion science established in other fields. Some of these are IGSCC, PWSCC, AOA, and FAC (Erosion-Corrosion). Through studying and coping with diverse corrosion phenomena, the author believes that they share a common basis with respect to the assumed corrosion mechanism (e.g., ‘local cell action’ hypothesis). In general, local cell action is rarely severe since it produces a fairly uniform corrosion. The ‘long cell action’ that transports electrons through structures far beyond the region of local cell corrosion activities has been identified as a basic mechanism in soil corrosion. If this mechanism is assumed in nuclear power plants, the structure becomes anodic in the area where the potential is less positive and cathodic where this potential is more positive. Metallic ions generated at anodic corrosion sites are transported to remote cathodic sites through the circulation of water and deposits as corrosion products. The SCC, FAC (E-C) and PWSCC occur in the anodic sites as the structure itself acts as a short-circuiting conductor between the two sites, the action is similar to a galvanic cell but in a very large scale. This situation is the same as a battery that has been short-circuited at the terminals. No apparent external potential difference exists between the two electrodes, but an electrochemical reaction is still taking place inside the battery cell with a large internal short current. In this example what is important is the potential difference between the local coolant and the surface of the structural material. Long cell action corrosion is likely enhancing the local cell action’s anodic corrosion activities, such as SCC, FAC/E-C, and PWSCC. It tends to be more hazardous because of its localized nature compared with the local cell action corrosion. There exist various mechanisms (electrochemical cell configurations) that induce such potential differences, including: ionic concentration, aeration, temperature, flow velocity, radiation and corrosion potentials. In this paper, the author will discuss these potential differences and their relevance to the un-resolved corrosion issues in nuclear power plants. Due to the importance of this potential mechanism the author is calling for further verification experiments as a joint international project.
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7

Hua, Y. N., S. Redkar, Ron Dickinson, S. L. Peh, and Shirley. "A Study on Fluorine-Induced Corrosion on Microchip Aluminum Bondpads." In ISTFA 2003. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2003p0249.

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Abstract In the authors' previous paper, we studied the defects from Fluorine-Induced Corrosion on microchip Al bondpads using SEM, EDX, TEM, AES, IC, XPS and TOF-SIMS techniques. An unknown F-Al compound was found and identified as [AlF6]3-. In this paper, we will further study the chemical mechanisms of Fluorine-Induced Corrosion on microchip Al bondpads and propose a theoretical electrochemical model to reveal the secrets of Fluorine-Induced Corrosion on Al bondpads. To support this new theoretical model, we will provide substantiating data from TOFSIMS analysis and other failure analysis techniques. According to the theoretical model of Fluorine-induced Corrosion proposed, fluorine contamination on Al bondpads will cause two types of corrosions. First, fluorine reacts with Al and forms a complex compound [AlF6]3- on the affected area, which we will refer to as Fluorine Corrosion. Once the compound of [AlF6]3- forms on Al bondpads, it will form an Anode and cause further electrochemical reactions from O2, N2 and H2O (moisture) at the Cathode. The new products of further electrochemical reactions will be [OH]- and [NH4]+ ions. The new product of [OH]- ions will react with Al and cause further Al corrosion on bondpads and form corrosive product consisting of Al(OH)3, which we will refer to as [OH]- Corrosion. The new product of [NH4]+ ions will combine with [AlF6]3- and form a corrosive complex compound (NH4)3(AlF6). This proposed corrosion mechanism results in non-stick bondpad problem.
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8

Soe Naing, Kyaw Swar, Yutaka Tabe, and Takemi Chikahisa. "Performance and Liquid Water Distribution in PEFCs With Different Anisotropic Fiber Directions of the GDL." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22757.

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To maintain proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEFC) at high efficiencies without flooding, it is necessary to control the liquid water transport in the gas diffusion layer (GDL). This experimental study investigates the effects of the GDL fiber direction on the cell performance using an anisotropic GDL. The results of the experiments showed that the efficiency of the cell was much better when the fiber direction was perpendicular to the channel direction, and that the cell with perpendicular fibers was more tolerant to flooding than the cell with fibers parallel to the channel. To determine the mechanism that gives rise to the fiber direction effects, the liquid water behavior in the channel was observed through a glass window on the cathode side. Additionally, a small cell with a 2 cm2 active area was made, to investigate the water distribution inside the GDL by freezing the water and observing the ice distribution. These ice pictures showed that reactions are more active under channels than under ribs. This is because the accumulated water prevents reaction under the ribs, and indicates the importance of water removal from the rib zones.
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Ogawa, Yoji, Takao Morita, and Jun Matsuda. "Analysis of Anode Reaction on GTA Welding." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37485.

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Principle of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding is quite simple. Electron, which is emitted from Tungsten electrode, hits into the metal, and the heat from this impingement produce enough heat for fusion welding. However, actual behaviors are quite complicated. Electron emission is much influenced by physical condition of cathode and ambient circumstance. Considerable electron emits from unbelievable location of the cathode, especially at the stage of the cathode is not enough hot. The anode spot, where main electrons hit into the metal, is also much influenced by surface condition. The anode spot is usually appeared at the center of molten pool where the temperature seems to be maximum value. But, it sometimes moves irregularly or hits on the solid surface. This situation is mainly caused by oxidized layer on the solid metal or molten metal. Some minor elements in/on the metal act as a kind of catalytic agent. It sometimes drastically changes weld geometry. Fundamental experiment to observe arc instability was carried out from vacuum to high pressure, where contents of gas are controlled. Effects of oxygen and minor elements on anode reactions were measured by high speed digital video cameras. Measured molten metal flow, plasma distribution and anode behavior during GTA welding will be discussed in detail.
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Luo, Qinlan, Ruiya Jia, Bin Feng, Qulan Zhou, and Na Li. "Experimental Study of Mercury Removal and Electrolytic Regeneration by Ca(ClO)2 Solutions." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3264.

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Анотація:
The trace element mercury (Hg0) released from fossil fuel combustion in thermal power plants is difficult to be collected by pollution control equipment as its high volatility, high volatility and low solubility. The removal of Hg0 is the most critical part of mercury removal technology. The existing technologies of mercury removal include activated carbon adsorption, fly ash adsorption, calcium-based adsorbent adsorption, and wet scrubbing method. While these existing technologies have some disadvantages, like high absorbent consumption, high absorption cost and existence of secondary pollution. Much attention has been devoted to the development of new mercury removal technology in recent years. In this study, the Ca(ClO)2 solution was proposed for the absorption of elemental mercury as its strong oxidizing property and low expenditure. The chemical reaction mechanism, reaction kinetics and reaction thermodynamic in both absorption and regeneration processes were explored, which verified the feasibility of mercury removal and absorbent regeneration. Effects of solution concentration, absorption temperature and solution pH value on absorption performance of Ca(ClO)2 solution were investigated in micro bubbling reactor. The experimental results revealed that acid environment (pH = 1–5) and high solution concentration were beneficial to mercury removal. A high removal efficiency (over 90%) and a low outlet mercury concentration (below 0.01mg·m3) was obtained under optimal experimental parameters (with the pH value of 3, the solution concentration of 15 mmol·L−1 and the temperature of 25 °C). The performance of electrolytic regeneration in Ca(ClO)2 rich solutions were carried out, and the effect of electrolysis time on current efficiency and energy consumption in electrolytic regeneration processes were specifically studied. The regeneration results showed that the oxidation reaction of Cl− with a series of other oxidation reactions will occur at the anode, and the reduction reaction of Hg2+ will occur at the cathode. The results verified the feasibility of the electrolytic regeneration of Ca(ClO)2 rich solution using an ion-exchange membrane insulating the catholyte and the anolyte. The Ca(ClO)2 solution is a promising absorbent for elemental mercury which can accomplish the cyclic utilization of solution and the reuse of mercury.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Mechanism of cathodic reactions"

1

Wels, B. R. Electrocatalysis of anodic and cathodic oxygen-transfer reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6764798.

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2

Najm, Habib N., and Judit Zador. Automated exploration of the mechanism of elementary reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1113869.

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3

Lunsford, J. H. A study of catalysts and mechanism in synthesis reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5053509.

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4

Nix, J. R., and A. J. Sierk. Mechanism of nuclear dissipation in fission and heavy-ion reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5199660.

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5

Mignerey, A. C. [Reaction mechanism studies of heavy ion induced nuclear reactions]. Annual progress report, [January 1992--February 1993]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10135206.

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6

Dutta, D., D. Abbott, and T. A. Amatuni. Proton propagation through nuclei and the quasi-free reaction mechanism studied with (e,e{prime}p) reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/554895.

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7

Mignerey, A. C. [Reaction mechanism studies of heavy ion induced nuclear reactions]. [Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Maryland]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6610765.

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8

Heinemann, H., G. A. Somorjai, and D. L. Perry. Fundamental studies of the mechanism of catalytic reactions with catalysts effective in the gasification of carbon solids and the oxidative coupling of methane. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7152421.

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9

Wallace, Kevin C., Andy H. Liu, John C. Dewan, and Richard R. Schrock. Preparation and Reactions of Tantalum Alkylidene Complexes Containing Bulky Phenoxide or Thiolate Ligands. Controlling Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Activity and Mechanism Through Choice of Anionic Ligand. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198293.

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10

Heinemann, H., G. A. Somorjai, and D. L. Perry. Fundamental studies of the mechanism of catalytic reactions with catalysts effective in the gasification of carbon solids and the oxidative coupling of methane. Quarterly report, July 1--September 30, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10163938.

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