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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Maximum age of deposition"

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Vermeesch, Pieter. "Maximum depositional age estimation revisited." Geoscience Frontiers 12, no. 2 (March 2021): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.08.008.

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Dunshea, F. R., D. K. Kerton, P. D. Cranwell, R. G. Campbell, B. P. Mullan, R. H. King, and J. R. Pluske. "Dietary lysine requirements of heavy and light pigs weaned at 14 days of age." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 5 (2000): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99162.

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Seventy 14-day-old male pigs that were either heavy (6.0 kg) or light (3.6 kg) for age were weaned into individual pens and fed 1 of 7 diets containing 9.2–21.0 g lysine/kg feed in a study designed to determine the effect of dietary lysine and weight on lysine requirements of pigs. Five pigs from each weight group were used to determine initial body composition. When pigs reached 10 kg they were slaughtered and empty body composition was analysed to determine protein tissue accretion rates. Protein deposition rate was not affected by weight at weaning but increased with dietary lysine content before reaching a plateau. The relationship between protein deposition (PD, g/day) and dietary lysine (L, g/kg) was described by 3 models. The rectilinear model, which had a linear ascending phase (PD = 4.84 + 1.948L, R2 = 0.935, P = 0.002) and a horizontal component representing maximum protein deposition rate of 32.3 g/day, revealed that maximum protein deposition occurred at 14.1 g lysine/kg. The quadratic function (PD = – 2.74 + 3.74L – 0.099L2 , R2 = 0.916, P = 0.003) provided an estimate of the lysine requirement of 14.9 g lysine/kg occurring at a point where PD reached 95% of the maximum protein deposition rate (32.5 g/day). Use of an asymptotic model (PD = 32.60 – 186 0.727L, R2 = 0.919, P = 0.003) provided an estimate of 14.9 g lysine/kg occurring at a point where PD reached 95% of the maximum protein deposition rate (32.6 g/day). These data indicate that early weaned pigs should be fed a highly digestible diet containing 14–15 g lysine/kg to maximise protein deposition.
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Allaman, Ivan Bezerra, Rafael Vilhena Reis Neto, Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas, Priscila Vieira Rosa, Aline de Assis Lago, and Adriano Carvalho Costa. "Deposition of bodily chemical components in the carcass of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) strains." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 38, no. 5 (October 2014): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542014000500008.

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The knowledge of how animals deposited chemical components as water, protein, fat and ash in the carcass is importance for the formulation of a balanced diet, allowing maximum performance with a low environmental impact. So, the study was carried out to evaluate the influence of different tilapia strains (Chitralada, Commercial, Red and Universidade Federal de Lavras [UFLA]) on the deposition of bodily chemical components in the carcass. The bodily components analyzed were water, protein, fat and ash. For the determination of the bodily chemical deposition curves by age, the exponential, Brody, logistic, Gompertz and von Bertalanffy models were adjusted. The Commercial and UFLA strains deposited water at a faster speed (P<0.05) compared with the remaining strains. As for protein, the Red strain had a lower estimated maturity weight (49.37 g), and was more precocious (202 days) with regard to maximum deposition in comparison to the other strains (Chitralada, UFLA and Commercial) in which there was an estimated maturity weight of 231.5 g and maximum depositionfor 337 days. There were no differences (P>0.05) for the logistic model parameter between Red, UFLA and Commercial strains for fat, which presented a maximum fat deposition (0.23 g) at 310 days of age. Regarding ash deposition, the Commercial strain presented a higher maximum deposition (0.10 g) at 337 days, occurring later than the other strains that presented maximum deposition (0.033g) at 254 days of age. Thus, it was concluded that the genetic strains evaluated differ in chemical deposition curves of water, protein, fat and ash.
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4

Nash, Thomas A., Jessica L. Conroy, David A. Grimley, William R. Guenthner, and Ben Brandon Curry. "Episodic deposition of Illinois Valley Peoria silt in association with Lake Michigan Lobe fluctuations during the last glacial maximum." Quaternary Research 89, no. 3 (September 21, 2017): 739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.66.

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AbstractThe chronology and cause of millennial depositional oscillations within last glacial loess of the Central Lowlands of the United States are uncertain. Here, we present a new age model that indicates the Peoria Silt along the Illinois River Valley accumulated episodically from ~28,500 to 16,000 cal yr BP, as the Lake Michigan Lobe margin fluctuated within northeastern Illinois. The age model indicates accelerated loess deposition coincident with regional glacial advances during the local last glacial maximum. A weakly developed paleosol, the Jules Geosol, represents a period of significantly slower deposition, from 23,700 to 22,000 cal yr BP. A gastropod assemblage-based reconstruction of mean July temperature shows temperatures 6–10°C cooler than modern during Peoria Silt deposition. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope values (δ18O and δ13C) of gastropod carbonate do not vary significantly across the pedostratigraphic boundary of the Jules Geosol, suggesting slower loess accumulation was a result of reduced glacial sediment supply rather than direct climatic factors. However, a decrease in δ18O values occurred between 26,000 and 24,000 cal yr BP, synchronous with the Lake Michigan Lobe’s southernmost advance. This δ18O decrease suggests a coupling of regional summer hydroclimate and ice lobe position during the late glacial period.
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Natanson, Lisa J., Gregory B. Skomal, Sarah L. Hoffmann, Marianne E. Porter, Kenneth J. Goldman, and David Serra. "Age and growth of sharks: do vertebral band pairs record age?" Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 9 (2018): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17279.

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Inaccurate age estimates can have severe consequences in the management of elasmobranchs. Numerous studies in shark age validation have demonstrated a disconnect between band pair counts and age, resulting in age underestimation, particularly in older individuals. To investigate the relationship between band pairs, vertebral shape and growth, we quantified intracolumn differences in centrum morphology (size and structure) and band pair counts in seven shark species: Squatina dumeril, Carcharodon carcharias, Lamna nasus, Isurus oxyrinchus, Alopias vulpinus, Prionace glauca and Carcharhinus obscurus. In all species examined, band pair deposition was closely related to body girth and the structural properties of the cartilaginous skeleton, relative to maximum size, and body type. These results have strong implications for accurately assessing age for fisheries management of these species.
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Dorigam, Juliano Cesar De Paula, Nilva Kazue Sakomura, Edney Pereira Da Silva, and João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes. "Modelling the maximum potential of nitrogen deposition and requirements of lysine for broilers." Animal Production Science 54, no. 12 (2014): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14536.

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This study aimed to develop a dynamic model to estimate lysine (Lys) requirements based on the maximum theoretical potential of nitrogen deposition (NDmaxT) and metabolic bodyweight (MBW) of growing broilers. Three N balance trials were conducted (6–21, 22–37 and 38–53 days of age) at average ages of 14, 30 and 46 days, respectively, with 36 male broilers (Cobb 500) used in each trial. In each trial, the NDmaxT was estimated by exponential model fitting of daily N intake as a function of daily N deposition for the average age. The N deposition was obtained by application of the N balance technique. To model the NDmaxT in relation to MBW, the mean and standard deviation of NDmaxT was used to generate a new population. The critical exponential model was fitted to estimate the daily NDmaxT, resulting in the following model: NDmaxT = 1677 + (–1677 + 13810 × MBW) × (0.151MBW). The daily NDmaxT data so generated were used in the Goettingen model to calculate the daily Lys requirements for N retention response. Modelling of Lys requirements resulted in greater than recommended values, with an average difference of 1.05 times the recommendation of the management guide for the studied strain. According to the results obtained from this simulation, the model provided consistent estimates of Lys requirements and may enable nutritionists to provide nutritional strategies to optimise production of broilers based on the MBW.
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7

Owen, Richard, Christopher Richardson, and Hilary Kennedy. "The influence of shell growth rate on striae deposition in the scallop Pecten maximus." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 4 (August 2002): 621–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005969.

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The relationship between shell growth rate and striae deposition was investigated in a field study in which groups of juvenile scallops, Pecten maximus, (Pectinidae: Bivalvia) were deployed for monthly periods over a year in the Menai Strait (North Wales). The number of striae deposited per day, inter-striae width (the increment of shell deposited between successive striae) and striae abundance (the number of striae deposited per mm of shell height) all correlated well with measured shell growth rates. During the winter months, when seawater temperatures were minimal (6°C), inter-striae width declined, whilst striae abundance increased, whereas during the summer when seawater temperatures were maximal (18°C), shell growth was rapid with maximum inter-striae width, resulting in a seasonal pattern of narrowly grouped, then widely spaced striae. This seasonal pattern in inter-striae width variation provides an accurate and reliable method for estimating the number of growth cycles and hence the age of P. maximus.
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8

Orme, Devon A., and Kathleen D. Surpless. "The birth of a forearc: The basal Great Valley Group, California, USA." Geology 47, no. 8 (June 6, 2019): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46283.1.

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AbstractThe Great Valley basin of California (USA) is an archetypal forearc basin, yet the timing, structural style, and location of basin development remain controversial. Eighteen of 20 detrital zircon samples (3711 new U-Pb ages) from basal strata of the Great Valley forearc basin contain Cretaceous grains, with nine samples yielding statistically robust Cretaceous maximum depositional ages (MDAs), two with MDAs that overlap the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, suggesting earliest Cretaceous deposition, and nine with Jurassic MDAs consistent with latest Jurassic deposition. In addition, the pre-Mesozoic age populations of our samples are consistent with central North America sources and do not require a southern provenance. We interpret that diachronous initiation of sedimentation reflects the growth of isolated depocenters, consistent with an extensional model for the early stages of forearc basin development.
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MEINHOLD, GUIDO, and DIRK FREI. "Detrital zircon ages from the islands of Inousses and Psara, Aegean Sea, Greece: constraints on depositional age and provenance." Geological Magazine 145, no. 6 (September 16, 2008): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756808005505.

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AbstractU–Pb LA–SF–ICP–MS analyses of detrital zircons from a metalitharenite on Inousses Island, Greece, gave major age groups of 310–350, 450–500, 550–700, 900–1050 and 1880–2040 Ma and minor peaks between 2600 and 2800 Ma. The youngest concordant zircon grains of 310–330 Ma indicate the maximum age of deposition to be Late Carboniferous, rather than Ordovician, as had been earlier assumed. The lack of zircon ages between 1.1 and 1.8 Ga, coupled with the occurrence ofc.2-Ga-old zircons, imply a northern Gondwana-derived source. Detrital zircons from a garnet–mica schist on Psara Island yielded a major age group ofc.295–325 Ma and only minor Early Palaeozoic and Late Neoproterozoic ages. The youngest grains around 270 Ma indicate the maximum age of deposition to be Late Permian. The Early Palaeozoic ages support a source from terranes at the southern margin of Laurussia during the Late Palaeozoic and hence clarify the palaeotectonic position of units from the eastern Aegean Sea within the Palaeotethyan realm.
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HORÁK, JANA M., and JANE A. EVANS. "Early Neoproterozoic limestones from the Gwna Group, Anglesey." Geological Magazine 148, no. 1 (June 16, 2010): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756810000464.

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AbstractLimestone megaclasts up to hundreds of metres in size are present within the Gwna Group mélange, North Wales, UK. The mélange has been interpreted as part of a Peri-Gondwanan fore-arc accretionary complex although the age of deposition remains contentious, proposals ranging from Neoproterozoic to Early Ordovician. This paper uses strontium isotope chemostratigraphy to establish the age of the limestone blocks and thus provide a maximum age constraint on mélange formation. Results show that, although the carbonates are locally dolomitized, primary87Sr/86Sr ratios can be identified and indicate deposition sometime between the late Tonian and earliest Cryogenian. This age is older than that suggested by stromatolites within the limestone and indicates that the limestone did not form as cap carbonate deposits.
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Дисертації з теми "Maximum age of deposition"

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Schuckman, Melanie. "Voice Characteristics of Preschool Age Children." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1209154612.

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2

Hewitt, Christopher D. "A study of the mechanisms of climate change at the Last Glacial Maximum." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342116.

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Knight, Matthew Giuseppe. "The intentional destruction and deposition of Bronze Age metalwork in South West England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33594.

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The intentional destruction of Bronze Age metalwork prior to deposition is frequently recognised within assemblages, but rarely forms the focus of study. Furthermore, most research focuses on why metalwork was deliberately destroyed without considering how this process was undertaken. This thesis therefore analyses how metalwork might have been intentionally damaged and uses this to better interpret why. The material properties of bronze are considered alongside past research into the use of different implements, before a series of experiments are presented that explore how one might best break a bronze object. A better understanding of the methods by which Bronze Age metalwork might become damaged means one can identify intentional damage over that sustained accidentally, through use or post-deposition. This culminates in a Damage Ranking System, which can be utilised to assess the likelihood that damage observed on archaeological specimens is the result of intent. The Damage Ranking System is applied to Bronze Age metalwork from South West England (i.e. Cornwall, Devon, Dorset and Somerset). The catalogue of metalwork from this region was recently updated, highlighting instances of deliberate destruction that would warrant further study (Knight et al. 2015). The present research builds on this catalogue and involved analysis of complete and damaged objects from across the study region and from throughout the Bronze Age. Approximately 1300 objects were handled and studied and set within the Damage Ranking System alongside a contextual analysis of the findspots. This allowed trends in damage and depositional practices to be observed, demonstrating increased intentional destruction throughout the Bronze Age. It is shown that the deliberate destruction of metalwork throughout the Bronze Age related to the construction of personhood and emphasised links with other regions of Bronze Age Europe. This research demonstrates a new approach to the material that has wide-reaching applications in future studies.
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Watts, Susan Rosina. "The structured deposition of querns : the contexts of use and deposition of querns in the south-west of England from the Neolithic to the Iron Age." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4016.

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It is now widely assumed that many artefacts found in the prehistoric archaeological record were not casually discarded as unwanted material but were deposited in features and contexts with structure and meaning. This appears to include saddle and rotary querns for they are often found whole and apparently still usable or, conversely, deliberately broken. Analysis of the structured deposition of querns in the south-west of England shows that they were deposited in features on both domestic and non-domestic sites. Furthermore, the location and state of the querns, together with the artefacts found in association with them, indicates that they were deposited with different levels and layers of meaning, even within the same type of feature. The deposition of querns appears to have pervaded all aspects of prehistoric life and death suggesting that they played a role above, but nevertheless related to, their prime task of milling. An exploration of the object biography of querns demonstrates the importance of what are often considered to be mundane tools to subsistence communities. Each quern has its own unique life history, its meaning and value determined by the reasons that gave cause for its manufacture, the material from which it was made, the use(s) to which it was put and who used it. However, all querns share points of commonality, related to their function as milling tools, their role as transformers of raw material(s) into usable products (s), their association with women and the production of food, and the movement of the upper stone. Through these, symbolical links can be made between querns and agricultural, human and building life cycles, gender relations and the turning of the heavens. The reason for a quern’s deposition in the archaeological record may have drawn upon one or more unique or common values.
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Ogbagaber, Semhar. "A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE VARIANCE OF AGE AT MAXIMUM GROWTH RATE IN GROWTH MODELS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/94.

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Most studies on maturation and body composition using the Fels Longitudinal data mention peak height velocity (PHV) as an important outcome measure. The PHV is often derived from growth models such as the triple logistic model fitted to the stature (height) data. The age at PHV is sometimes ordinalized to designate an individual as an early, average or late maturer. In theory, age at PHV is the age at which the rate of growth reaches the maximum. Theoretically, for a well behaved growth function, this could be obtained by setting the second derivative of the growth function to zero and solving for age. Such a solution would obviously depend on the parameters of the growth function. An estimate of the age at PHV would be a function of estimates of these parameters. Since the estimates of age at PHV are ultimately used as a predictor variable for analyzing adulthood outcomes, the uncertainty in the estimation of the PHV inherent due to the uncertainty in the estimation of the growth model need to be accounted for. The asymptotic s.e. of the age at maximum velocity in simple growth models such as the logistic and the Gompertz models could be explicitly obtained because explicit formulas for the age at maximum velocity are available. In this thesis a numerical method is proposed for computing the s.e. of the age at PHV for those that do not lead to explicit solutions for the age at PHV. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated by computing the s.e. using the explicit method as well as the proposed numerical methods and by comparing them. Incorporating the estimates of the s.e. in regression models that use age at PHV as predictor is illustrated using the FELS data.
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Unterman, Matthew Blair. "High resolution simulations of synoptic scale 'paleometeorology' during the last glacial maximum." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7654.

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Hourly winter weather conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are simulated using the Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3) on a globally resolved T170 (~75 km) grid. This simulation has been run in-tandem with a lower temporally resolved six-year climatological run. The purpose of the study is to determine: (1) whether examination of higher-resolution simulations, on both spatial and temporal scales, can enhance paleometeorological inferences based previously on monthly statistics of model output and (2) whether certain synoptic-scale events, which may have only a modest impact on seasonal statistics, might exert a disproportionate impact on geological climate records. Analysis is focused on changes in wind flow, no analogue climate “states”, synoptic scale events including Northern Hemisphere cyclogenesis, and gust events over glacial dust source regions. Results show a decrease in North Atlantic and increase in North Pacific cyclogenesis during the LGM. Storm trajectories react to the mechanical forcing of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, with Pacific storms tracking over middle Alaska and northern Canada and terminate in the Labrador Sea. The latter result supports observations and other model runs showing a significant reduction in Greenland winter precipitation. The modified Pacific track results in increased precipitation and the delivery of warmer air along the west coast of North America. This could explain “early” glacial warming inferred in this region from proxy climate records, potentially representing instead a natural regional response to ice age boundary conditions. Results also indicate a low variability, “no analogue” region just south of the Laurentide Ice Sheet margin which has appropriate conditions to harbour temperature-sensitive trees west of the Appalachian Mountains. Combined with pollen data, this lends valuable insight into the known disagreement between modern seed dispersal experiments and calculated migration rates. Finally, hourly-scale gust events over dust source regions during the LGM are two to five times greater than the modern, providing a mechanism to help explain the increased glacial dust load seen in the ice cores. Backwards air-parcel trajectories from Antarctic ice core locations show air sources over Patagonia and the Altiplano with some inputs from South Africa agreeing with recent isotopic tracer analyses. Results demonstrate that high temporal and spatial resolution simulations can provide valuable insight to add to the cornucopia of information already available from lower-resolution runs. They can also enhance our interpretation of geological records, which have been previously assumed to record longer time-scale climatological mean-states and thus ignoring any extreme synoptic events which may actually have had a disproportionate impact on their preservation.
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McNee, Barbara. "The potters' legacy : production, use and deposition of pottery in Kent, from the middle Bronze Age to the early Iron Age." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367138/.

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The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive study of prehistoric pottery throughout the region of Kent. Research will focus specifically on middle Bronze Age through to early/middle Iron Age pottery, a date range of approximately 1500 to 400 BC. The study of pottery offers a wealth of information relating to many aspects of the past and yet despite this, prehistoric pottery has been under-researched in Kent. A growing number of important pottery assemblages have been excavated and recent development-led archaeology has produced a great deal of new evidence from excavation and evaluation. This offers an important key to understanding the chronology and interpretation of settlement and burial sites. The basis of this study is to analyse pottery assemblages in order to develop an understanding of the societies who produced and consumed the ceramics, and to provide the foundation for a ceramic typological and chronological framework. This was undertaken through the study of some 77,000 pottery sherds from 66 sites across the region. The data was collected from personally recording and illustrating large assemblages of pottery sherds and by using data from ‘grey literature’, published reports and research by a number of pottery specialists. A form type series was devised, which demonstrates the range of pottery types present in Kent from the middle Bronze Age to early/middle Iron Age. A chronological sequence has been tentatively suggested, which is in need of refinement when more radiocarbon dates are available. A fabric series has been created and presents a brief summary of the types of fabrics used to make the vessels. Key areas were studied, namely, the production and distribution of the ceramics across Kent and how this compares to surrounding regions. Changes in both pottery form types and fabrics over 1000 years of potting history are evident and offer insights into the changing nature of social practises and settlement patterns. Consideration of how the ceramics have been deposited may also offer glimpses into the past, and also serve to highlight the complexities of site formation. This study contributes to a growing body of research on the prehistory of Kent. The limitations are also addressed and the scope for further research.
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Robinson, Joshua Lee. "Assessment of in-stream processes in urban streams for development of sediment total maximum daily load." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01132005-173901/unrestricted/robinson%5Fjoshua%5Fl%5F200505mast.pdf.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
Stieglitz, Marc, Committee Member ; Debo, Thomas, Committee Member ; Sturm, Terry, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
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9

Garrow, D. J. "Pits, settlement and deposition during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in East Anglia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599334.

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The fundamental aim of this piece of research is to consider pit sites in substantial detail in order to answer such questions. In doing so, a number of other important issues are confronted, including the nature of settlement/landscape occupation, and the role of deposition as a practice. In East Anglia, Neolithic and Early Bronze Age pits have been found in particularly large numbers. At the same time, in comparison to other regions, relatively few monuments are known (during the Neolithic at least). The region is, therefore, a particularly appropriate place in which to investigate sites of this kind: the range of evidence is broad and of a high quality, while pits were arguably an even more important feature of the period here than elsewhere. The study operates at several different scales, ranging from the region to the individual feature. At the broadest level, changes through time in terms of the number of pits in each site, the overall number of sites, and their geographical locations are discussed. The patterns observed are then contextualised in relation to other aspects of the contemporary landscape (monuments, artefact scatters, structures, flint mines, etc.), allowing insight into the kinds of place in which pits were dug. At a more detailed level, the changing character of the sites themselves is discussed, over the course of four chapters (Earlier Neolithic, Peterborough Ware, Grooved Ware and Beaker). Within each phase, ten sites are considered in detail, with issues such as the spatial and material relationships between pits on each site, the character of individual pits, and the way in which artefacts had been deposited, being addressed. Subsequently, one of the ten sites within each chapter is explored in further detail, as a Case Study. Through first-hand analysis of the artefactual evidence and site archive, the intricate dynamics of deposition on those sites are investigated. Looking in particular at what had happened to artefacts prior to deposition, the quantities of material involved, and what connections between pits can tell us about the processes behind each site’s formation, issues such as the longevity of occupation, the scales of residence, and the permanency of settlement are explored. The final chapter situates this discussion of the dynamic and changing aspects of pit sites in its much wider context.
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10

Hammond, Louise E. "The influence of age and genotype on fat and protein deposition in growing lambs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366465.

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Книги з теми "Maximum age of deposition"

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Association for Environmental Archaeology. Conference, ed. Integrating social and environmental archaeologies: Reconsidering deposition. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2010.

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2

Ryder, Robert T. Tectonically controlled fan delta and submarine fan sedimentation of late Miocene age, southern Temblor Range, California. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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3

Amen, Daniel G. Magnificent mind at any age: Natural ways to unleash your brain's maximum potential. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2008.

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Amen, Daniel G. Magnificent mind at any age: Natural ways to unleash your brain's maximum potential. New York: Harmony Books, 2009.

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5

Hutter, Silver Margery, and Lauerman John F, eds. Living to 100: Lessons in living to your maximum potential at any age. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1999.

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Hutter, Silver Margery, and Lauerman John F, eds. Living to 100: Lessons in living to your maximum potential at any age. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 1999.

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7

Pits, settlement and deposition during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in East Anglia. Oxford, England: John and Erica Hedges, 2006.

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8

Burr, John M. Evaluations of introduced lake trout in the Tanana drainage, and estimation of mortality using maximum age analysis. Anchorage, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Sport Fish, 1993.

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9

Robb, L. J. U-Pb ages on single detrital zircon grains from the Witwatersrand Basin: Constraints on the age of sedimentation and on the evolution of granites adjacent to the depository. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand, 1989.

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Robb, L. J. U-Pb ages on single detrital zircon grains from the Witwatersrand Basin: Constraints on the age of sedimentation and on the evolution of granites adjacent to the depository. Johannesburg: University of the Witwatersrand, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Maximum age of deposition"

1

Theisler, Charles. "Plaintiff Attorney's Deposition Outline for Defendant Doctor." In Maximum Malpractice Protection, 157–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352464-13.

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Theisler, Charles. "Make Your Testimony Shine in Deposition and in Court." In Maximum Malpractice Protection, 226–43. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352464-16.

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Fontijn, David. "Pre-Bronze Age selective deposition." In Economies of Destruction, 63–85. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109879-4.

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Kang, Ying, Dong Zhang, Bo Yu, Xiaoyan Gu, Weiping Wang, and Dan Meng. "Fast Multiway Maximum Margin Clustering Based on Genetic Algorithm via the NystrÖm Method." In Web-Age Information Management, 413–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21042-1_33.

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Volchenkov, Dimitri. "Love of Life and the Maximum Age Diversity Principle." In Understanding Complex Systems, 21–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39421-3_2.

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Kock, Karl-Hermann, and Inigo Everson. "Age, Growth and Maximum Size of Antarctic Notothenioid Fish — Revisited." In Fishes of Antarctica, 29–40. Milano: Springer Milan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2157-0_2.

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Vardar, Denizhan, Hakan Alp, Sinan Demirel, Hande Aykurt Vardar, Bedri Alpar, and Ahmet Cevdet Yalçıner. "Seismic Stratigraphical Analysis of the Shelf Deposition Between Tekirdağ-Şarkoy, Turkey, Since Last Glacial Maximum." In Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, 221–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72547-1_49.

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Beverton, Raymond J. H., and Sidney J. Holt. "Estimation of the Total Mortality Coefficient (F + M), and the Maximum Age, tλ." In On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations, 178–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2106-4_13.

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Kirkbride, Martin P., and Andrew J. Dugmore. "Can Lichenometry be Used to Date the “Little Ice Age” Glacial Maximum in Iceland?" In The Iceberg in the Mist: Northern Research in pursuit of a “Little Ice Age”, 151–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3352-6_7.

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McKinney, Alexander M. "Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Concepts, Basal Ganglia Variation in Age-Related Iron Deposition, and Artifacts." In Atlas of Normal Imaging Variations of the Brain, Skull, and Craniocervical Vasculature, 441–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39790-0_20.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Maximum age of deposition"

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Heizler, Matthew T., Karl E. Karlstrom, Andres Aslan, Matthew Zimmerer, Jake Ross, Ryan Crow, and Laura J. Crossey. "DETRITAL SANIDINE GEOCHRONOLOGY: LINKING VOLCANIC SOURCES TO SEDIMENTARY SINKS WITH HIGH AGE PRECISION, COMPOSITIONAL FINGERPRINTS AND IMPROVED MAXIMUM DEPOSITION AGES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337979.

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Bugno, Benjamin. "ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY INTERPRETATION OF MAXIMUM DEPOSITIONAL AGE OF THE OGISHKEMUNCIE SEQUENCE, MINNESOTA, USA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-378876.

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Thompson, Peter J., Peter Robinson, and Justin V. Strauss. "GRANULITE MEMBER OF THE ERVING FORMATION, WEST-CENTRAL MASSACHUSETTS: DETRITAL ZIRCONS SUGGEST A LOCHKOVIAN MAXIMUM DEPOSITIONAL AGE." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-327931.

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Smith, Jon Jay, Greg A. Ludvigson, Anthony L. Layzell, Andreas Möller, Randy L. Stotler, R. Hunter Harlow, Michael Petronis, Tammy M. Rittenour, and John H. Doveton. "MAXIMUM DEPOSITIONAL AGE CONSTRAINTS AND PROVENANCE OF CENOZOIC DEPOSITS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS IN WESTERN KANSAS, USA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287381.

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Schwartz, Theresa, Kate Souders, and Jens-Erik Lund Snee. "WHAT CONSTITUTES A BELIEVABLE MAXIMUM DEPOSITIONAL AGE (MDA)? AN EXAMPLE USING NEW ZIRCON U-PB AGES FOR THE CENOZOIC STRATA OF BAT MOUNTAIN, DEATH VALLEY REGION, CALIFORNIA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-377651.

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Colby, Thomas A., and Mark D. Schmitz. "A REFINED APPROACH FOR USING DETRITAL ZIRCON TO INTERPRET THE MAXIMUM DEPOSITIONAL AGE OF CLASTIC ROCKS: USING LA-ICPMS AND CA-IDTIMS IN TANDEM." In 52nd Annual GSA South-Central Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018sc-310273.

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Syafiq N, Muhammad, Shaharuddin MS, and Zaenal Abidin. "Nitrate in Groundwater and Health Risk Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Villages in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia During Paddy Pre-Planting Season." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.27.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Contamination of nitrate is one of the most common groundwater problems worldwide. Around 70% of residents in the state of Kelantan still rely on groundwater as their primary source of water supply. Extensive usage of fertilizer in agricultural areas may cause nitrate leaching into the groundwater. This study aimed to determine the level of nitrate in groundwater and health risk assessment at three villages in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Tanah Merah district, Kelantan, in January 2020. A total of 52 residents was selected by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria for study subjects were long life residents, age ≥18 years old, and groundwater as a primary source of drinking supply. The study variables were (1) Level of nitrate in groundwater measured according to age (year), depth (meter), and distance (meter) of well from the agricultural area; and (2) Health risk assessment measured by hazard quotient (HQ). A set of questionnaires consisted of four sections to gather information related to socio-demographic, water usage, living environment, and health status. Groundwater samples were collected in duplicates and were analysed using a Hanna Instruments portable pH/ORP/ISE meter with an attached nitrate electrode. The data were reported descriptively. Results: Nitrate levels were found to be under the maximum acceptable value of 10 mg/L, as stated by the Drinking Water Quality Standard of Malaysia. Nitrate level ranged from 0.22 to 8.81 mg/L (Mean= 2.94; SD= 2.27). Spearman rho correlation showed that nitrate level was significantly and negatively correlated the age of wells (r= -0.31; p= 0.025). Nitrate level was not significantly correlated with the depth (r= 0.19; p= 0.183) and distance of wells (r= -0.05; p= 0.751). Hazard quotient (HQ) for all study subjects was <1, which means that exposure to nitrate contained drinking water in study subjects was not detrimental to health. Conclusion: Nitrate levels were below the maximum acceptable value, but continuous monitoring from health authorities is essential since other seasons of paddy planting may contribute higher deposition of nitrate into groundwater. Keywords: nitrate, groundwater, levels, hazard quotient, Tanah Merah Correspondence: Muhammad Syafiq N. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: syafiqnor29@gmail.com. Mobile: +601140731881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.27
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Scholz, Christopher A., and Douglas Wood. "Early-Stage Extension in the Southwest East African Rift: Integration of New Seismic Reflection Data." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2614293-ms.

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ABSTRACT The western branch of the East African Rift is characterized by modest amounts of extension and by deeply-subsided, fault-controlled basins filled with large, deep lakes. Lakes Tanganyika and Nyasa (Malawi) are two of the largest lakes in the world, with maximum water depths of 1450 and 700 m respectively. Newly acquired seismic reflection data, along with newly reprocessed legacy data reveal thick sedimentary sections, in excess of 5 km in some localities. The 1980's vintage legacy data from Project PROBE have been reprocessed through pre-stack depth migration in Lake Tanganyika, and similar reprocessing of legacy data from Lake Nyasa (Malawi) is underway. New high-fold and large-source commercial data have recently been collected in southern Lake Tanganyika, and new academic data have been acquired in the northern and central basins of Lake Nyasa (Malawi) as part of the 2015 SEGMeNT project. In the case of Lake Tanganyika, new data indicate the presence of older sediment packages that underlie previously identified "pre-rift" basement (the "Nyanja Event"). These episodes of sedimentation and extension may substantially predate the modern lake. These deep stratal reflections are absent in many localites, possibly on account of attenuation of the acoustic signal. However in one area of southern Lake Tanganyika, the newly-observed deep strata extend axially for ~70 km, likely representing deposits from a discrete paleolake. The high-amplitude Nyanja Event is interpreted as the onset of late-Cenozoic rifting, and the changing character of the overlying depositional sequences reflects increasing relief in the rift valley, as well as the variability of fluvial inputs, and the intermittent connectivity of upstream lake catchments. Earlier Tanganyika sequences are dominated by shallow lake and fluvial-lacustrine facies, whereas later sequences are characterized by extensive gravity flow deposition in deep water, and pronounced erosion and incision in shallow water depths and on littoral platforms. The age and provenance of the sub-Nyanja Event sequences is unknown, but may correlate to Miocene, Cretaceous or Karroo-age sedimentary packages documented elsewhere in the southwestern part of the East African Rift, including in the region around Lakes Rukwa and Nyasa (Malawi).
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Coutts, Daniel S., William A. Matthews, and Steve M. Hubbard. "EVALUATION OF COMMONLY USED METHODS FOR CALCULATING DETRITAL ZIRCON MAXIMUM DEPOSITIONAL AGES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323789.

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Poggiani, Rosa. "Pre-maximum and maximum of Novae: The spectroscopic observations of Nova ASASSN-17hx." In The Golden Age of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects IV. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.315.0049.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Maximum age of deposition"

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Hadlari, T., and W. A. Matthews. Early Cambrian maximum depositional age for the upper Yelverton Formation, northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328836.

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Anderson, Zachary W., Grant Rea-Downing, McKenna Holliday, Diego Fernandez, and Tiffany Rivera. Zircon U-Pb and Maximum Depositional Age Results for the Wanship 7.5' Quadrangle, Summit and Morgan Counties, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-725.

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Stevens, A. J. Maximum Energy Deposition Densities in the Internal Dump. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119165.

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Bradford, Kent, Haim Nerson, Gregory Wellbaum, and Menahem Edelstein. Environmental, Developmental and Physiological Determinants of Curcurbit Seed Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7695837.bard.

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Environmental, developmental, physiological and biochemical determinants of cucurbit seed quality were investigated in field and laboratory experiments. The major factor influencing seed quality is seed maturity at harvest, with both immature and overmature seeds exhibiting reduced quality. Planting density and fruit load per plant can be manipulated to maximize seed yield per unit area without adversely affecting seed quality. Seeds harvested at optimal maturity will have the greatest germination vigor and will maintain quality longer during storage. Seed priming can improve germination rates and uniformity, but can reduce storage life. Tissues enclosing the embryo (the endosperm envelope and seed coat) are involved in regulating germination. The seed coat (testa) may restrict oxygen diffusion to the embryo in some muskmelon genotypes. Weakening of the endosperm envelope is associated with radicle emergence. Callose deposition in the endosperm envelope results in semipermeability. Defense proteins such as chitinase are also present in the endosperm. Numerous genes were identified that are expressed specifically in association with germination, but their functions are yet to be elucidated. These studies have provided guidelines for producing and harvesting cucurbit seeds for maximum yield and quality and have identified physiological and biochemical processes contributing to seed germination vigor.
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Kingston, A. W., and O. H. Ardakani. Diagenetic fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration in the Montney Formation, British Columbia: fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330947.

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The Montney Formation in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada is an early Triassic siltstone currently in an active diagenetic environment at depths greater than 1,000 m, but with maximum burial depths potentially exceeding 5,000 m (Ness, 2001). It has undergone multiple phases of burial and uplift and there is strong evidence for multiple generations of hydrocarbon maturation/migration. Understanding the origin and history of diagenetic fluids within these systems helps to unravel the chemical changes that have occurred since deposition. Many cores taken near the deformation front display abundant calcite-filled fractures including vertical or sub-vertical, bedding plane parallel (beefs), and brecciated horizons with complex mixtures of vertical and horizontal components. We analyzed vertical and brecciated horizons to assess the timing and origin of fluid flow and its implications for diagenetic history of the Montney Fm. Aqueous and petroleum bearing fluid inclusions were observed in both vertical and brecciated zones; however, they did not occur in the same fluid inclusion assemblages. Petroleum inclusions occur as secondary fluid inclusions (e.g. in healed fractures and along cleavage planes) alongside primary aqueous inclusions indicating petroleum inclusions post-date aqueous inclusions and suggest multiple phases of fluid flow is recorded within these fractures. Raman spectroscopy of aqueous inclusions also display no evidence of petroleum compounds supporting the absence or low abundance of petroleum fluids during the formation of aqueous fluid inclusions. Pressure-corrected trapping temperatures (&amp;gt;140°C) are likely associated with the period of maximum burial during the Laramide orogeny based on burial history modelling. Ice melt temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions are consistent with 19% NaCl equiv. brine and eutectic temperatures (-51°C) indicate NaCl-CaCl2 composition. Combined use of aqueous and petroleum fluid inclusions in deeply buried sedimentary systems offers a promising tool for better understanding the diagenetic fluid history and helps constrain the pressure-temperature history important for characterizing economically important geologic formations.
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Rouse, Gene H., Richard G. Tait, M. Anderson, and Abebe Hassen. Body Composition Changes in Bulls from Weaning Age to Yearling Age: Muscle Fat Deposition. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-485.

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Pinet, N., O. H. Ardakani, J. Cesar, D. C. Petts, C. Debuhr, and P J Sack. Exploring the link between organic matter and Carlin-type gold mineralization: new insights from Yukon deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330086.

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The link between organic matter and gold in sediment-hosted Carlin-type deposits is controversial. This study aims to tackle this potential link by documenting the occurrence of organic matter in a single borehole from a Carlin-type gold deposit in Yukon and by considering, in a preliminary way, the spatial and/or temporal relationship between organic matter and gold mineralization. The sedimentary succession hosting the Conrad deposit was relatively rich in organic matter, possibly related to Archea. Despite the high maturation of samples, the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the limestone unit averages 1.31 wt. % (maximum = 3.18 wt. %). Petrographic observations indicate that pore and fracture filling pyrobitumen is the dominant organic matter maceral in the studied samples. This type of pyrobitumen was matured after its emplacement, indicating that hydrocarbon fluids cannot have served as an agent for gold transport. Pyrobitumen disseminated in the rock or associated with stylolites are also documented. The correlation between TOC and Tl (the best proxy for Au) for selected samples and the high As content of pyrobitumen filling pores may suggest a link between organic matter content and gold deposition, but this was not demonstrated by LA-ICP-MS micro-scale mapping. This study also highlights the challenges of establishing a direct spatial relationship between 'invisible' gold and very small (&amp;lt; 10 µm) pyrobitumen particles.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Hochman, Ayala, Thomas Nash III, and Pamela Padgett. Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the Effects of Oxidant Air Pollutants, Ozone and Gas-phase Nitric Acid, on Plants and Lichens for their Use as Early Warning Biomonitors of these Air Pollutants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697115.bard.

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Introduction. Ozone and related oxidants are regarded as the most important phytotoxic air pollutant in many parts of the western world. A previously unrecognized component of smog, nitric acid, may have even greater deleterious effects on plants either by itself or by augmenting ozone injury. The effects of ozone on plants are well characterized with respect to structural and physiological changes, but very little is known about the biochemical changes in plants and lichens exposed to ozone and/or HNO3. Objectives.To compare and contrast the responses of crop plants and lichens to dry deposition of HNO3 and O3., separately, and combined in order to assess our working hypothesis that lichens respond to air pollution faster than plants. Lichens are most suitable for use as biomonitors because they offer a live-organism-based system that does not require maintenance and can be attached to any site, without the need for man-made technical support systems. Original Immediate aims To expose the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivar Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and the ozone sensitive red kidney bean (Phaseolusvulgaris) and the lichen Ramalinamenziesii to controlled HNO3 and O3 fumigations and combined and to follow the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes, with special reference to reactive oxygen species related parameters. Revised. Due to technical problems and time limitations we studied the lichen Ramalinamenziesii and two cultivar of tobacco: Bel-W3 that is ozone supersensitive and a resistant cultivar, which were exposed to HNO3 and O3 alone (not combined). Methodology. Plants and lichens were exposed in fumigation experiments to HNO3 and O3, in constantly stirred tank reactors and the resulting structural, physiological and biochemical changes were analyzed. Results. Lichens. Exposure of Ramalinamenziesiito HNO3 resulted in cell membrane damage that was evident by 14 days and continues to worsen by 28 days. Chlorophyll, photosynthesis and respiration all declined significantly in HNO3 treatments, with the toxic effects increasing with dosage. In contrast, O3 fumigations of R. menziesii showed no significant negative effects with no differences in the above response variables between high, moderate and low levels of fumigations. There was a gradual decrease in catalase activity with increased levels of HNO3. The activity of glutathione reductase dropped to 20% in thalli exposed to low HNO3 but increased with its increase. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increase by 20% with low levels of the pollutants but decreased with its increase. Tobacco. After 3 weeks of exposure of the sensitive tobacco cultivar to ozone there were visible symptoms of toxicity, but no danmage was evident in the tolerant cultivar. Neither cultivar showed any visible symptoms after exposure to HNO3.In tobacco fumigated with O3, there was a significant decrease in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance at high levels of the pollutant, while changes in mesophyll conductance were not significant. However, under HNO3 fumigation there was a significant increase in mesophyll conductance at low and high HNO3 levels while changes in maximum photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance were not significant. We could not detect any activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the fumigated tobacco leaves. This is in spite of the fact that we were able to assay the enzymes in tobacco leaves grown in Israel. Conclusions. This project generated novel data, and potentially applicable to agriculture, on the differential response of lichens and tobacco to HNO3 and O3 pollutants. However, due to experimental problems and time limitation discussed in the body of the report, our data do not justify yet application for a full, 4-year grant. We hope that in the future we shall conduct more experiments related to our objectives, which will serve as a basis for a larger scale project to explore the possibility of using lichens and/or plants for biomonitoring of ozone and nitric acid air pollution.
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McDonough, M. R., and V. J. McNicoll. U-Pb age constraints on the timing of deposition of the Waugh Lake and Burntwood (Athabasca) groups, southern Taltson magmatic zone, northeastern Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209096.

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