Готові списки джерел за темами / Maximal consumption of oxygen

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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Maximal consumption of oxygen"

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Yavuz, Selma Civar. "Investigation of maximal oxygen consumption capacity and body composition in children." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 28, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i11.1901.

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Dejours, Pierre. "Comparative aspects of maximal oxygen consumption." Respiration Physiology 80, no. 2-3 (May 1990): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(90)90079-e.

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Tapking, Christian, Daniel Popp, David N. Herndon, Ludwik K. Branski, Ronald P. Mlcak, and Oscar E. Suman. "Estimated versus achieved maximal oxygen consumption in severely burned children maximal oxygen consumption in burned children." Burns 44, no. 8 (December 2018): 2026–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.06.004.

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Katzmarzyk, PT, WR Leonard, MH Crawford, and RI Sukernik. "Predicted maximal oxygen consumption of indigenous Siberians." American Journal of Human Biology 6, no. 6 (1994): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310060612.

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Ferretti, G. "On maximal oxygen consumption in hypoxic humans." Experientia 46, no. 11-12 (December 1990): 1188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01936934.

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di Prampero, Pietro Enrico, and Guido Ferretti. "Factors limiting maximal oxygen consumption in humans." Respiration Physiology 80, no. 2-3 (May 1990): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(90)90075-a.

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Sheridan, Sinead, Andrew McCarren, Cleona Gray, Ronan P. Murphy, Michael Harrison, Stephen H. S. Wong, and Niall M. Moyna. "Maximal oxygen consumption and oxygen uptake efficiency in adolescent males." Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness 19, no. 2 (April 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2020.11.001.

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Cramer, Steven P., Yaunlong Liu, Timothy Michael, and Carol Weideman. "Effects Of Beta-blockers On Maximal Oxygen Consumption." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-01009.

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Cramer, Steven P., Yaunlong Liu, Timothy Michael, and Carol Weideman. "Effects Of Beta-blockers On Maximal Oxygen Consumption." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-01009.

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MCCOLE, STEVE D., ALLISON M. DAVIS, and PATRICK T. FUEGER. "Is there a disassociation of maximal oxygen consumption and maximal cardiac output?" Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 33, no. 8 (August 2001): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200108000-00004.

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Дисертації з теми "Maximal consumption of oxygen"

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Casanova, Francesco. "maximal oxygen consumption in systemic lupus erythematosus." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531058.

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Shepherd, Brent A. "Predicting Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO2max) Levels in Adolescents." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2997.

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Анотація:
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is considered by many to be the best overall measure of an individual's cardiovascular health. Collecting the measurement, however, requires subjecting an individual to prolonged periods of intense exercise until their maximal level, the point at which their body uses no additional oxygen from the air despite increased exercise intensity, is reached. Collecting VO2max data also requires expensive equipment and great subject discomfort to get accurate results. Because of this inherent difficulty, it is often avoided despite its usefulness. In this research, we propose a set of Bayesian hierarchical models to predict VO2max levels in adolescents, ages 12 through 17, using less extreme measurements. Two models are developed separately, one that uses submaximal exercise data and one that uses physical fitness questionnaire data. The best submaximal model was found to include age, gender, BMI, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, treadmill miles per hour, and an interaction between age and heart rate. The second model, designed for those with physical limitations, uses age, gender, BMI, and two separate questionnaire results measuring physical activity levels and functional ability levels, as well as an interaction between the physical activity level score and gender. Both models use separate model variances for males and females.
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Brink-Elfegoun, Thibault. "Limitations of maximal oxygen uptake during whole-body exercise /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/20071116brin/.

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Corbett, Eric J. "Effects of Oral L-arginine Supplementation on Platelet Count and Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Healthy Males." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1239596277.

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Feeback, Matthew R. "Effect of Oral L-arginine Supplementation on Lactic Acid and Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Healthy Males." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1240929188.

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NISHIBATA, KENJI, NOBUO TAUCHI, MITSUHIRO YOKOTA, YOSHIKO NAGANO, MASAHIKO GOTO, MASAMI NAGASHIMA, and REIZO BABA. "OXYGEN INTAKE EFFICIENCY SLOPE: A NEW INDEX OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONAL RESERVE DERIVED FROM THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION AND MINUTE VENTILATION DURING INCREMENTAL EXERCISE." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16102.

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Friedman, Rachel Ann. "Investigation of C-Reactive Protein and Leptin as Biomarkers of Obesity with Potential Clinical Utility." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1091.

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Obesity and its subsequent disease states are major health problems in the United States. In many ways, obesity can be considered a “disease state” itself due to the changes it causes on the body. High-intensity exercise also places acute stress the body, putting humans in recovery from exercise in a state that may be analogous to a temporary disease state. The purpose of this study was to examine biomarkers associated with obesity (CRP and Leptin) before and after continuous and intermittent bouts of exercise in an obese but otherwise healthy sample vs. a healthy, non-obese sample. This investigation focused on examining the obese sample’s biomarkers at rest compared to those of the healthy group immediately and 1 hour-post exercise. Eighteen male subjects participated, with nine in each group. Each subject performed a VO2 max test and a series of three anaerobic Wingate tests at least one week apart in a cross-over study design. Blood was taken at baseline, immediately-post, and 1-hour post for each exercise mode. A significant difference was noted between groups for CRP at baseline on the VO2 testing day. A significant difference between groups existed in leptin levels at baseline on both testing days. The only significant change was the decrease in leptin from post to 1- hour post for during the VO2 in the obese group. However, both exercise protocols demonstrated various effects on the subjects and groups. Healthy participants were examined individually, and two of them showed possible signs of being at risk for obesity and its subsequent disease states based on post exercise “spikes” in CRP and leptin that caused the levels of the biomarkers to be closer to those in the obese group at rest. Another three subjects saw at least two spikes. Thus, a total of five subjects could potentially be “at-risk” based on the assumptions of the present study. These results suggest CRP and Leptin could potentially hold the ability to classify someone in a “preobesity state.” Further investigations are warranted based on these initial results and should focus on biomarkers more specific to obesity.
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Ansley, Les. "Aetiology of fatigue during maximal and supramaximal exercise." Diss., University of Cape Town, 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cape Town, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 284-287). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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Baker, James J. "The effect of a training related increase in maximal oxygen consumption on resting serum estradiol levels in normal males /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487268021748356.

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Prior, Steven John. "DNA sequence variation in the promoter region of the VEGF gene impacts on VEGF gene expression and maximal oxygen consumption /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2908.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Kinesiology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Книги з теми "Maximal consumption of oxygen"

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Lee, Stuart M. C. Variability of prediction of maximal oxygen consumption on the cycle ergometer using standard equations. Houston, Tx: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 1993.

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Walsh, Sinead. Validation of the PWC170 sub-maximal cycle ergometer test to predict maximal oxygen uptake. (s.l: The Author), 1998.

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Elberling, Bo. Subsurface oxygen consumption: Environmental controls & impacts. [Copenhagen]: Kongelige Danske geografiske selskab, 2005.

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Johnson, Patrick J. Modelling of maximal and submaximal oxygen uptake in men and women. Leicester: De Montfort University, 2002.

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Alphen, Jane Van. Entrained breathing and oxygen consumption during treadmill walking. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995.

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1939-, Fischer Bernd, ed. Oxygen in physiology and medicine. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: Thomas, 1989.

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Henderson, Claire. Development of an on-court badminton test for prediction of maximal oxygen uptake. (s.l: The Author), 1998.

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Meeting, International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue. Oxygen transport to tissue XXIII: Oxygen measurements in the 21st century : basic techniques and clinical relevance. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Pub., 2003.

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International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue. Meeting. Oxygen transport to tissue XII. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.

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Liss, Per. Oxygen transport to tissue XXX. Edited by International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue. New York: Springer, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Maximal consumption of oxygen"

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Ferretti, Guido. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption." In Energetics of Muscular Exercise, 97–135. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05636-4_4.

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Ferretti, Guido. "Hypoxia and Anaemia Produce Equivalent Effects on Maximal Oxygen Consumption." In The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Exercise Tolerance, 129–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5887-3_18.

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De Blasi, R. A., M. Cope, and M. Ferrari. "Oxygen Consumption of Human Skeletal Muscle by Near Infrared Spectroscopy during Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia in Maximal Voluntary Contraction." In Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIV, 771–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3428-0_94.

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Berro, Abdel-Jalil, Nadine Fayad, Antonio Pinti, Georges El Khoury, Said Ahmaidi, Hassane Zouhal, Ghassan Maalouf, and Rawad El Hage. "Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Composite Indices of Femoral Neck Strength in a Group of Young Women." In Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 369–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56148-6_32.

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Zhang, Xiaoshu. "Research on Results of Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Related Stimulus Parameter by Means of Traditional Moxibustion on Aconite Slice." In Advanced Technology in Teaching - Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Conference on Teaching and Computational Science (WTCS 2009), 735–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25437-6_100.

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Wagner, Peter D. "Oxygen Transport from Air to Tissues as an Integrated System: What Limits Maximal O2 Consumption in Health and Disease?" In Structure-Function Relationships in Various Respiratory Systems, 191–217. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5596-1_11.

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Khanfer, Riyad, John Ryan, Howard Aizenstein, Seema Mutti, David Busse, Ilona S. Yim, J. Rick Turner, et al. "Maximal Oxygen Uptake Test." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 1202. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_101030.

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Baak, Marleen A., Bernard Gutin, Kim A. Krawczewski Carhuatanta, Stephen C. Woods, Heinz W. Harbach, Megan M. Wenner, Nina S. Stachenfeld, et al. "Oxygen Consumption Plateau." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 683. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2828.

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Mitchell, Jere H., and Bengt Saltin. "The Oxygen Transport System and Maximal Oxygen Uptake." In Exercise Physiology, 255–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7543-9_6.

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Proske, Uwe, David L. Morgan, Tamara Hew-Butler, Kevin G. Keenan, Roger M. Enoka, Sebastian Sixt, Josef Niebauer, et al. "Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 308–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_292.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Maximal consumption of oxygen"

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Womble, Hilary M., Richard P. Johnston, Richard M. Schwartzstein, and David H. Roberts. "The Effect Of Supplemental Oxygen On Maximal Consumption Of Oxygen And Ventilatory Parameters In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3572.

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Karabiberov, Yulian, Iveta Bonova, and Valentin Panayotov. "STUDY OF A SPECIAL CONDITIONING PROGRAM AND ITS EFFECTS ON MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES” AND THE BALKAN SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORTS, HEALTH”. National Sports Academy "Vassil Levski" (NSA Press), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2019/15.

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Sulaiman, Norasrudin, Mohammad Akmal Mohamad Nasir, Rahmat Adnan, Mastura Misdan, and Hamid Ahmad. "Criterion validity of yoyo intermittent endurance test in estimating maximal oxygen consumption among malaysian elite football players." In 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2011.6163733.

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sanver, mehmet fatih, Naciye Vardar Yağlı, Melda Sağlam, Haluk Tekerlek, Ebru Çalık Kütükçü, Deniz İnal İnce, and Saadettin Kılıçkap. "Relationship of Respiratory Muscle Endurance Workload with Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Fatigue in Individuals Surviving Colorectal Cancer." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2971.

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Aparecida Pires Teles, Franciele, Micael Rodrigues da Silva, MARA PATRICIA TRAINA CHACON MIKAHIL, ALEX CASTRO, MARINA LÍVIA V. FERREIRA, RENATA GARBELLINI DUFT, Lucas M Silva, ARTHUR FERNANDES GASPARI, Silas Go Nunes, and CLAUDIA R CAVAGLIERI. "Biomarkers of Maximal Oxygen Consumption: a comparation between responders and non-responders to high-intensity interval and continuous endurance training." In XXV Congresso de Iniciação Cientifica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2017-78850.

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Taner, Umut, Selin Isoglu, Esin Yildirim, Elif Isikci Koca, and Dilek Goksel Duru. "Analysis of the relationship between maximum volume of oxygen consumption and electrophysiological measurements." In 2016 Elektrik-Elektronik, Bilgisayer, Biyomedikal Muhendislikleri Bilimsel Toplantisi (EBBT) [2016 Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Meeting (EBBT)]. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ebbt.2016.7483692.

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Ogawa, Yoji, and Takao Morita. "Influence of Oxygen on Electrode Consumption and Penetration in GTA Welding." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51244.

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Principle of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding is quite simple. Electron, which is emitted from Tungsten electrode, hits into the metal, and the heat from this impingement produce enough heat for fusion welding. However, actual behaviors are quite complicated. Electron emission is much influenced by physical condition of cathode and ambient circumstance. Considerable electron emits from unbelievable location of the cathode, especially at the ignition stage when the cathode is not enough hot. The anode spot, where main electrons hit into the metal, is also much influenced by surface condition and purity of shielding gas. The anode spot is usually appeared at the center of molten pool where the temperature seems to be maximum value. But, it sometimes moves irregularly or hits on the solid surface. This situation is mainly caused by oxidized layer on the metal or molten pool. Some minor elements on the metal act as a kind of catalytic agent. It sometimes drastically changes weld geometry. An amount of erosion on cathode surface is increased with increased oxygen contents. The penetration depth is also increased with oxygen contents. Plasma condition is also changed, because cathode and anode conditions are closely connected with plasma condition. Dynamic behavior of arc-cathode and arc-anode reactions was observed by ultra-high speed video system in a chamber from vacuum to high pressure, where contents of gas are controlled. Effects of oxygen and minor elements on anode and cathode reactions were considered.
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Farrell, Megan J., John Shin, and Robert L. Mauck. "Functional Consequences of Glucose and Oxygen Deprivation in Engineered MSC-Based Cartilage Constructs." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14495.

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Clinical implementation of stem cell-based cartilage repair techniques has been limited by the inability of these cells to produce cartilaginous tissue equivalent to that produced by native chondrocytes. We have recently shown that while bulk mechanical properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden constructs are lower than chondrocyte-laden constructs, MSCs can in fact produce tissue that matches or exceeds the biochemical and mechanical properties produced by chondrocytes in regions where there is maximal nutrient supply [1]. We also noted that in the central regions of constructs, where nutrient and oxygen availability is lowest (due to consumption through the construct depth), MSC viability was markedly lower than in the outer regions and drastically lower than the center of chondrocyte-laden constructs maintained similarly. These data suggest that MSCs can achieve a high anabolic functionality when they undergo chondrogenesis (via the provision of TGF-β3) and in doing so can produce tissue of equivalent or greater properties than chondrocytes. However, unlike chondrocytes, MSCs appear thrive only when they are provided with a sufficient nutrient supply. To further delineate the role of microenvironmental stressors [2, 3, 4] on MSC viability and functional capacity, we evaluated the impact of glucose and oxygen deprivation, in the presence and absence of TGF-β, during long term culture. Furthermore, since MSC isolation procedures result in a heterogeneous cell population [5,6], we investigated whether different clonal populations respond to these microenvironmental stressors in a distinct fashion.
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Sangkaew, Teeraphan, Kasem Pantusa, and Chawapong Metheethammawat. "A Study of the Maximum Oxygen Consumption (Vo2max) of the Students Majoring Physical Education and Health Education at Thaksin University." In The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS 2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019). SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009801006840688.

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Murphy, S. "STORAGE OF PLATELETS FOR TRANSFUSION - CURRENT METHODS AND PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643999.

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In the 1970's, when platelet concentrates (PC) were stored in "first generation" plastic containers at 22°C, many showed a fall in pH.In vivo viability was well maintained as pH fell from the starting level, 7.1, to 6.2 but was progressively lost below thatlevel. pH after a storage interval correlated with the platelet count in the PC, the higher the count, the lower the pH after storage. Since 30-50% of PC might have pH below 6.2 after 3 days of storage, shelflife was severely limited.We now have "second generation" containers which allow storage for 7 days without significant fall in pH.Superior pH maintenance results from increased oxygen transport through the walls of the container thuspreventing platelet hypoxia within. Under all circumstances which we have examined, PC, pH correlates inversely with lactate concentration. The superiority of the "second generation" containers results from the lower rate of glycolysis within them due to the Pasteur effect. Like many cells, the platelet has a baseline rate of lactate production which is increased up to 8 times if oxidative metabolism is interrupted by hypoxia. For any container, there is an inverse relationship between PC pCL and platelet count since each platejlet |as a fixed oxygen demand. In "first generation" containers, the pO2 approached zero with platelet counts, 1.0-1.5 × 106 /mm3 , a range commonly seen in practice. At platelet counts above thatlevel, the platelets would have an increasing oxygendebt. The greater the oxygen debt is, the greater will be the rate of lactate production per platelet and, therefore, the rate of pH fall. An ideal "second generation" container will have oxygen permeability twice thgt 05 a "first generation" container such that platelets will begin to have an oxygen debt at platelet count, 2.4 × 106/mm3 , a level rarely seen in practice. In "second generation" containers, there is a continuing, linear production of lactate in spite of adequate oxygen supply. The major buffer in plasma for the hydrogen ion accompanying lactate production is bicarbonate. As lactate is produced, bicarbonate is consumed and pH remains stable until bicarbonate is completely depleted.Thereafter, pH falls precipitously.However, there is adequate bicarbonate in the 50 ml of plasma used as medium for the PC to buffer the baseline production of lactate for seven days.This is the major reason why storage for sevendays is now satisfactory.With knowledge of the oxygen transport capability of a container and measurement of pO2 within the container, we can calculate the rate of oxygen consumptionduring storage, 1.1 nmol/min/109 platelets. Knowing the rates of oxygen consumption and lactate production and the predicted rate of ATP synthesis from ADP for each type of metabolism we calculated that 85% ofATP regeneration is from oxidative metabolism. When we contrasted the rate of glucose consumption with the rate of lactate production, we were surprised that the slope of the regression line was exactly 0.5 suggesting that two moles of lactate were produced for each mole of glucose utilized and that there must be a prominent substrate for oxidative metabolism other than glucose. Recent work in our laboratory suggests fatty acid as such a substrate.There is much to be learned about storage in "secondgeneration" containers. At the onset of storage 70% of the platelets have a discoid appearance whereas after seven days only 30% do with most of the rest being spheres. Furthermore, 5-10% of cells are "leaf-shaped", elongated tubules, or ring forms. In addition, many studies have described reduced platelet function in vitro after storage. There is a 20-50% reduction in the maximal extent of aggregation with high ADP concentrations and the concentrations of single agonists which produce 50% of maximal response are increased after storage. However, we have been encouraged to find that the response to these agents was reduced much less when they were used a pairs. Finally, there is concern that trace bacterial contamination at the time of phlebotomy might allow enough proliferation to produce sepsis in recipients. Further research should improve our understanding inthese areas and the safety and efficacy of platelets after storage.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Maximal consumption of oxygen"

1

Vickers, Jr, and Ross R. Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454282.

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2

Mello, Robert P., Michelle M. Murphy, and James A. Vogel. Relationship between a Two Mile Run and Maximal Oxygen Uptake. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada179343.

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3

Gainer, John L. Increasing Oxygen Consumption During Shock. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422762.

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4

Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.

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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.
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5

Solberg, Thomas. Aspects of anuran metabolism : effects of chronic hypoxia on maximal oxygen uptake rates and the fate of lactic acid. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3215.

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6

Sharp, Marilyn A., Joseph M. McGrath, Everett Harman, Joseph J. Knapik, and William A. Sawyer. A Device and Methodology for Measuring Repetitive Lifting VO2max (Oxygen Consumption Rate). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada185195.

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7

Truong, T. T. Compression Stress-Relaxation and Oxygen Consumption Behavior of 9975 Shipping Package O-rings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1459422.

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8

Shykoff, Barbara E., and Marie E. Knafelc. Exercise Heart Rate as a Predictor of Oxygen Consumption During Decompression from Saturation Diving. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442782.

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9

Fink, S. D. Task Technical Plan for Studies of Oxygen Consumption in the Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Tetraphenylborate Ion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/626459.

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