Готові списки джерел за темами / Matrix String Theory

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Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Matrix String Theory"

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Dijkgraaf, Robbert, Erik Verlinde, and Herman Verlinde. "Matrix string theory." Nuclear Physics B 500, no. 1-3 (September 1997): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(97)00326-x.

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2

Bonelli, G., L. Bonora, and F. Nesti. "String interactions from Matrix string theory." Nuclear Physics B 538, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(98)00729-9.

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3

Brecher, D., B. Janssen, and Y. Lozano. "Dielectric fundamental strings in matrix string theory." Nuclear Physics B 634, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(02)00344-9.

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4

Lowe, David A. "Heterotic matrix string theory." Physics Letters B 403, no. 3-4 (June 1997): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(97)00521-2.

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Berkooz, Micha, and Moshe Rozali. "String dualities from Matrix theory." Nuclear Physics B 516, no. 1-2 (April 1998): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(97)00814-6.

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6

TSEYTLIN, A. A. "STRING THEORY EFFECTIVE ACTION: STRING LOOP CORRECTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 03, no. 02 (February 1988): 365–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x88000138.

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We discuss the general ideology of the computation of string loop corrections to the effective action for the massless modes of the string. Both the S-matrix and the sigma-model approaches are presented. It is emphasized that the effective action is a more general and better defined object than the S-matrix. In particular, it is finite in spite of modular infinities that may be present in loop amplitudes computed near a “wrong” vacuum. The case of the disc topology in the open-closed string theory is treated in some detail. Some issues concerning the soft dilaton vertex operators related to the infinities of the string amplitudes are disucssed.
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7

Hosomichi, Kazuo, and Yuji Sugawara. "Multi-strings on AdS3 × S3 from matrix string theory." Journal of High Energy Physics 1999, no. 07 (July 29, 1999): 027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/1999/07/027.

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8

Bonelli, Giulio. "Matrix string theory on pp-waves." Classical and Quantum Gravity 20, no. 12 (May 20, 2003): S433—S440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/20/12/308.

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9

Morales, Jose F., and Henning Samtleben. "Supergravity Duals of Matrix String Theory." Journal of High Energy Physics 2002, no. 08 (August 27, 2002): 042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/08/042.

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10

Ito, Kei, and Nobuhito Maru. "Matrix string theory from brane configuration." Physics Letters B 426, no. 1-2 (April 1998): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(98)00274-3.

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Дисертації з теми "Matrix String Theory"

1

Matsuo, Yoshinori. "Nonperturbative effects in noncritical string theory and matrix models." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136767.

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Okada, Takashi. "Matrix Models in String and M-theory and Exact Results." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175112.

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3

Berenstein, David Eliecer. "Dynamical aspects of D-branes and matrix theory /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Metzger, Steffen. "Supersymmetric Gauge Theories from String Theory." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011979.

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Cette thèse traite de plusieurs façons de construire une théorie quantiques des champs en quatre dimensions à partir de la théorie des cordes.

Dans une première partie nous étudions la construction d'une théorie Yang-Mills supersymétrique, couplée à un superchamp chiral dans la représentation adjointe, à partir de la théorie des cordes de type IIB sur une variété Calabi-Yau non compacte, avec des D-branes qui enroulent certaines sousvariétés. Les propriétés de
la théorie de jauge sont alors reflétées dans la structure
géométrique de la variété Calabi-Yau. En particulier, on peut calculer en principe le superpotentiel effectif de basse énergie qui décrit la structure des vides de la théorie de jauge en utilisant la théorie des cordes (topologiques). Malheureusement, en pratique, ceci n'est pas faisable. Il est remarquable qu'on puisse cependant montrer que la dynamique de basse énergie de la
théorie de jauge est codée par la géométrie d'une autre variété Calabi-Yau non compacte, reliée à la première par une transition géométrique. La théorie des cordes de type IIB sur cette deuxième variété, dans laquelle sont allumés des flux de fond appropriés, génère une théorie de jauge en quatre dimensions, qui n'est d'autre que la théorie effective de basse énergie de la théorie de
jauge originale. Ainsi, pour obtenir le superpotentiel effectif de basse énergie il suffit simplement de calculer certaines intégrales dans la deuxième géométrie Calabi-Yau, ce qui est faisable, au moins perturbativement. On trouve alors que le problème extrêmement difficile d'étudier la dynamique de basse
énergie d'une théorie de jauge non Abelienne a été réduit à celui de calculer certaines intégrales dans une géométrie connue. On peut démontrer que ces intégrales sont intimement reliées à certaines quantités dans un modèle de matrices holomorphes, et on peut alors calculer le superpotentiel effectif comme fonction de
certaines expressions du model de matrices. Il est remarquable que la série perturbative du modèle de matrices calcule alors le superpotentiel effectif non-perturbatif.

Ces relations étonnantes ont été découvertes et élaborée par plusieurs auteurs au cours des dernières années. Les résultats originaux de cette thèse comprennent la forme précise des relations de la ``géométrie spéciale" sur une variété Calabi-Yau
non compacte. Nous étudions en détail comment ces intégrales géométriques dépendent du cut-off, et leur relation à l'énergie libre du modèle de matrices. En particulier, sur une variété Calabi-Yau non compacte nous proposons une forme bilineaire sur le
produit direct de l'espace des formes avec l'espace des cycles, qui élimine toutes les divergences, sauf la divergence logarithmique. Notre analyse détaillée du modèle de matrices holomorphes clarifie aussi plusieurs aspects reliés à la méthode du col de ce modèle de matrices. Nous montrons en particulier qu'exiger une densité spectrale réelle restreint la forme de la
courbe Riemannienne qui apparaît dans la limite planaire du modèle de matrices. Çela nous donne des contraintes sur la forme du contour sur lequel les valeurs propres sont intégrées. Tous ces
résultats sont utilisés pour calculer explicitement l'énergie libre planaire d'un modèle de matrices avec un potentiel cubique.

La deuxième partie de cette thèse concerne la génération de théories de jauge supersymétriques en quatre dimensions comportant des aspects caractéristiques du modèle standard à partir de
compactifications de la supergravité en onze dimensions sur une variété G_2. Si cette variété contient une singularité conique, des fermions chiraux apparaissent dans la théorie de jauge en quatre dimensions ce qui conduit potentiellement à des anomalies. Nous montrons que, localement à chaque singularité, les anomalies
correspondantes sont annulées par une non-invariance de l'action classique au singularités (``anomaly inflow"). Malheureusement, aucune métrique d'une variété G_2 compacte n'est connue explicitement. Nous construisons ici des familles de métriques sur des variétés compactes faiblement G_2, qui contiennent deux singularités coniques. Les variétés faiblement G_2 ont des propriétés semblables aux propriétés des variétés G_2, et alors ces exemples explicites pourraient être utiles pour mieux comprendre la situation générique. Finalement, nous regardons la
relation entre la supergravité en onze dimensions et la théorie des cordes hétérotiques E_8\times E_8. Nous étudions en détail les anomalies qui apparaissent si la supergravité est formulée sur le produit d'un espace de dix dimensions et un intervalle. Encore une fois nous trouvons que les anomalies s'annulent localement sur
chaque bord de l'intervalle si on modifie l'action classique d'une façon appropriée.
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5

Irie, Hirotaka. "String fields, matrix models and D-branes in (p,q) minimal superstring theory." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136869.

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6

Sakai, Katsuta. "Gravity and Higher Spin States in the IIB Matrix Model and the Effective Field Theory." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253078.

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7

Rabideau, Charles. "Non-singlet sectors of the c=1 matrix model with connections to two dimensional string theory." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43445.

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The goal of this thesis is to study non-singlet sectors of the c=1 matrix model in order to determine their connection with string theory in two space-time dimensions. It is well understood that the singlet sector of this matrix model is related to the closed string sector of the string theory. The adjoint sector has been connected to long strings stretching from an FZZT brane at infinity. The goal is to find a sector which includes a large number of these long strings which condense to form an FZZT brane in line with a proposal due to Gaiotto. Sectors corresponding to symmetric and antisymmetric tensor products of the fundamental and antifundamental representation of the U(N) symmetry of the matrix model are studied. Partition functions of the matrix model with a harmonic oscillator potential as well as bases for the Hilbert spaces are found for all these sectors. The first two representations are studied using a collective field approach with the inverted oscillator potential applicable to the c=1 model and are found to contain large numbers of long strings which form a free bosonic gas in the large N limit and so do not condense. On the other hand, in the third sector the degrees of freedom are fermionic and a shift in the ground state energy is found in the harmonic oscillator potential, which points to the existence of a Fermi sea and the condensation of the long strings. A collective field that can be used to study this sector is proposed and the technical difficulties presented by the study of this sector are discussed, but its study is left for future work.
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8

Sugishita, Sotaro. "Construction of a new model generating three-dimensional random volumes:Towards a formulation of membrane theory." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215308.

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9

Oh, Jae-Hyuk. "GAUGE-GRAVITY DUALITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO COSMOLOGY AND FLUID DYNAMICS." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/178.

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This thesis is devoted to the study of two important applications of gauge-gravity duality: the cosmological singularity problem and conformal fluid dynamics. Gauge-gravity duality is a concrete dual relationship between a gauge theory (such as electromagnetism, the theories of weak and strong interactions), and a theory of strings which contains gravity. The most concrete application of this duality is the AdS/CFT correspondence, where the theory containing gravity lives in the bulk of an asymptotically anti-de-Sitter space-time, while the dual gauge theory is a deformation of a conformal field theory which lives on the boundary of anti-de-Sitter space-time(AdS). Our first application of gauge-gravity duality is to the cosmological singularity problem in string gravity. A cosmological singularity is defined as a spacelike region of space-time which is highly curved so that Einstein’s gravity theory can be no longer applied. In our setup the bulk space-time has low curvature in the far past and the physics is well described by supergravity (which is an extension of standard Einstein gravity). The cosmological singularity is driven by a time dependent string coupling in the bulk theory. The rate of change of the coupling is slow, but the net change of the coupling can be large. The dual description of this is a time dependent coupling of the boundary gauge theory. The coupling has a profile which is a constant in the far past and future and attains a small but finite value at intermediate times. We construct the supergravity solution, with the initial condition that the bulk space-time is pure AdS in the far past and show that the solution remains smooth in a derivative expansion without formation of black holes. However when the intermediate value of the string coupling becomes weak enough, space-time becomes highly curved and the supergravity approximation breaks down, mimicking a spacelike singularity. The resulting dynamics is analyzed in the dual gauge theory with a time dependent coupling constant which varies slowly. We develop an appropriate adiabatic expansion in the gauge theory in terms of coherent states and show that the time evolution continues to be smooth. We cannot, however, arrive at a definitive conclusion about the fate of the system at very late times when the coupling has again risen and supergravity again applies. One possibility is that the energy which has been supplied to the universe is simply extracted out and the space-time goes back to its initial state. This could provide a model for a bouncing cosmology. A second possibility is that dissipation leads to a thermal state at late time. If this possibility holds, we show that such a thermal state will be described either by a gas of strings or by a small black hole, but not by a big black hole. This means that in either case, the future space-time is close to AdS. We then apply gauge-gravity duality to conformal fluid dynamics. The long wavelength behavior of any strongly coupled system with a finite mean free path is described by an appropriate fluid dynamics. The bulk dual of a fluid flow in the boundary theory is a black hole with a slowly varying horizon. In this work we consider certain fluid flows which become supersonic in some regions. It is well known that such flows present acoustic analogs of ergoregions and horizons, where acoustic waves cannot propagate in certain directions. Such acoustic horizons are expected to exhibit thermal radiation of acoustic waves with temperature essentially given by the gradient of the velocity at the acoustic horizon. We find acoustic analogs of black holes in charged conformal fluids and use gauge-gravity duality to construct dual gravity solutions. A certain class of gravitational quasinormal wave modes around these gravitational backgrounds perceives a horizon. Upon quantization, this implies that these gravitational modes should have a thermal spectrum. The final issue that we study is fluid-gravity duality at zero temperature. The usual way of constructing gravity duals of fluid flows is by means of a small derivative expansion, in which the derivatives are much smaller than the temperature of the background black hole. Recently, it has been reported that for charged fluids, this procedure breaks down in the zero temperature limit. More precisely, corrections to the small derivative expansion in the dual gravity of charged fluid at zero temperature have singularities at the black hole horizon. In this case, fluid-gravity duality is not understood precisely. We explore this problem for a zero temperature charged fluid driven by a low frequency, small amplitude and spatially homogeneous external force. In the gravity dual, this force corresponds to a time dependent boundary value of the dilaton field. We calculate the bulk solution for the dilaton and the leading backreaction using a modified low frequency expansion. The resulting solutions are regular everywhere, establishing fluid-gravity duality to this order.
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10

Olsson, Martin. "String Theory at the Horizon : Quantum Aspects of Black Holes and Cosmology." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Theoretical Physics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5926.

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String theory is a unified framework for general relativity and quantum mechanics, thus being a theory of quantum gravity. In this thesis we discuss various aspects of quantum gravity for particular systems, having in common the existence of horizons. The main motivation is that one major challenge in theoretical physics today is in trying to understanding how time dependent backgrounds, with its resulting horizons and space-like singularities, should be described in a controlled way. One such system of particular importance is our own universe.

We begin by discussing the information puzzle in de Sitter space and consequences thereof. A typical time-scale is encountered, which we interpreted as setting the thermalization time for the system. Then the question of closed time-like curves is discussed in the combined setting where we have a rotating black hole in a Gödel-like universe. This gives a unified picture of what previously was considered as independent systems. The last three projects concerns $c=1$ matrix models and their applications. First in relation to the RR-charged two dimensional type 0A black hole. We calculate the ground state energy on both sides of the duality and find a perfect agreement. Finally, we relate the 0A model at self-dual radius to the topological string on the conifold. We find that an intriguing factorization of the theory previously observed for the topological string is also present in the 0A matrix model.

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Книги з теми "Matrix String Theory"

1

Hacquebord, Feike Hayo. Symmetries and interactions in matrix string theory. [S.l: s.n.], 1999.

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2

Chern-Simons theory, matrix models, and topological strings. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.

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3

Polchinski, Joseph Gerard. String theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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4

Polchinski, Joseph Gerard. String theory: An introduction to the bosonic string. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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5

Ydri, Badis Dr. Matrix Models of String Theory. Iop Publishing Ltd, 2018.

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6

Kostov, Ivan. String theory. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.31.

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This article discusses the link between matrix models and string theory, giving emphasis on topological string theory and the Dijkgraaf–Vafa correspondence, along with applications of this correspondence and its generalizations to supersymmetric gauge theory, enumerative geometry, and mirror symmetry. The article first provides an overview of strings and matrices, noting that the correspondence between matrix models and string theory makes it possible to solve both non-critical strings and topological strings. It then describes some basic aspects of topological strings on Calabi-Yau manifolds and states the Dijkgraaf–Vafa correspondence, focusing on how it is connected to string dualities and how it can be used to compute superpotentials in certain supersymmetric gauge theories. In addition, it shows how the correspondence extends to toric manifolds and leads to a matrix model approach to enumerative geometry. Finally, it reviews matrix quantum mechanics and its applications in superstring theory.
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7

Marino, Marcos. Chern-Simons Theory, Matrix Models, and Topological Strings. Oxford University Press, 2014.

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8

Marino, Marcos. Chern-Simons Theory, Matrix Models, and Topological Strings. Oxford University Press, 2005.

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9

Marino, Marcos. Chern-Simons Theory, Matrix Models, and Topological Strings. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2005.

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10

Akemann, Gernot, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Random Matrix Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.001.0001.

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This handbook showcases the major aspects and modern applications of random matrix theory (RMT). It examines the mathematical properties and applications of random matrices and some of the reasons why RMT has been very successful and continues to enjoy great interest among physicists, mathematicians and other scientists. It also discusses methods of solving RMT, basic properties and fundamental objects in RMT, and different models and symmetry classes in RMT. Topics include the use of classical orthogonal polynomials (OP) and skew-OP to solve exactly RMT ensembles with unitary, and orthogonal or symplectic invariance respectively, all at finite matrix size; the supersymmetric and replica methods; determinantal point processes; Painlevé transcendents; the fundamental property of RMT known as universality; RNA folding; two-dimensional quantum gravity; string theory; and the mathematical concept of free random variables. In addition to applications to mathematics and physics, the book considers broader applications to other sciences, including economics, engineering, biology, and complex networks.
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Частини книг з теми "Matrix String Theory"

1

Daul, Jean-Marc. "Multicritical Points of 2-Matrix Models." In Quantum Field Theory and String Theory, 81–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1819-8_7.

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2

Dalley, Simon. "Light-Cone Quantisation of Matrix Models at c > 1." In Quantum Field Theory and String Theory, 71–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1819-8_6.

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3

Morozov, Alexei. "Challenges of Matrix Models." In String Theory: From Gauge Interactions to Cosmology, 129–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3733-3_6.

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4

Baulieu, Laurent, Céline Laroche, and Nikita Nekrasov. "From Topological Field Theories to Covariant Matrix Strings." In Progress in String Theory and M-Theory, 361–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0852-5_23.

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5

Banks, Tom. "Matrix Models, String Field Theory and Topology." In Random Surfaces and Quantum Gravity, 217–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3772-4_14.

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Dym, Harry, and Lev A. Sakhnovich. "On Dual Canonical Systems and Dual Matrix String Equations." In Operator Theory, System Theory and Related Topics, 207–28. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8247-7_10.

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7

Alexandrov, Serguei. "Backgrounds Of 2D String Theory From Matrix Models." In Progress in String, Field and Particle Theory, 351–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0211-0_12.

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8

Banks, T. "Reader’s Guide to String Duality and Matrix Theory." In Quantum Field Theory: Perspective and Prospective, 19–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4542-8_2.

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9

Pestun, Vasily. "Super Yang-Mills Matrix Integrals For An Arbitrary Gauge Group." In Progress in String, Field and Particle Theory, 445–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0211-0_35.

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10

Imbimbo, Camillo, and Sunil Mukhi. "Matrix Models, Quantum Penner Action and Two-Dimensional String Theory." In Low-Dimensional Applications of Quantum Field Theory, 219–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1919-9_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Matrix String Theory"

1

Li, Miao. "Matrix model for De Sitter." In STRING THEORY; 10th Tohwa University International Symposium on String Theory. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454368.

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2

Smolin, Lee. "Matrix models as hidden variables theories." In STRING THEORY; 10th Tohwa University International Symposium on String Theory. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454379.

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3

Kawai, Hikaru. "Constructing new types of matrix models." In STRING THEORY; 10th Tohwa University International Symposium on String Theory. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454364.

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4

Sugino, Fumihiko. "U-duality from matrix membrane partition function." In STRING THEORY; 10th Tohwa University International Symposium on String Theory. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454380.

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5

Kitsunezaki, Naofumi. "Large N structure of IIB matrix model." In STRING THEORY; 10th Tohwa University International Symposium on String Theory. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454388.

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6

Sekino, Yasuhiro. "Generalized AdS/CFT correspondence for Matrix theory in the large-N limit." In STRING THEORY; 10th Tohwa University International Symposium on String Theory. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1454404.

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7

Anagnostopoulos, Konstantinos, Takehiro Azuma, and Jun Nishimura. "Monte Carlo simulations of a supersymmetric matrix model of dynamical compactification in non perturbative string theory." In The 30th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.164.0226.

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8

Veneziano, Gabriele. "Towards a unitary S-matrix description of black-hole formation and decay in string theory." In ALBERT EINSTEIN CENTURY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2399566.

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9

Thornton, John, Darren Dale, Matthew Zonneveldt, Chris Wood, and Jon Almer. "Strain and Phase Mapping of Ceramic Matrix Composites and Protective Coatings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26281.

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Coatings are frequently required to provide oxidation protection for high temperature materials. Silicon carbide (SiC) coatings have been used to protect carbon-carbon composites on leading edges and zirconia coatings are used as thermal barriers on gas turbine aerofoils. The effectiveness and durability of these coatings is dependent on the residual strains created in these coatings during their formation or deposition and also during service. Tensile strains in the plane of the coating can lead to through thickness cracks that expose the substrate, while compressive strains can cause the coating to delaminate. This paper presents strain measurements of these high temperature material systems obtained with high energy X-ray diffraction. The diffraction also provided useful information on phase, crystallite size and texture as a function of depth. Tensile strains were found in the SiC coatings, and compressive strains were found in the zirconia coatings. Both these strains were parallel to their coatings’ surfaces. The differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the coatings and their substrates can account for both the compressive strain in the zirconia and the tensile strain in the SiC.
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10

Cilingir, A., W. Wilson, K. Ito, and C. C. van Donkelaar. "The Transient Response of a Collagen Remodeling Theory Based on Strain-Dependent Collagen Degradation." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80594.

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In vivo [1] and in vitro [2–4] studies show that cell and matrix alignment can be significantly affected by mechanical stimuli. Even in highly aligned engineered tissues, cells are able to remodel the collagen orientation when loading conditions are altered [4].
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Звіти організацій з теми "Matrix String Theory"

1

Álvarez, Carola, Leonardo Corral, Ana Cuesta, José Martínez, César Montiel, and Consuelo Yépez. Project Completion Report Analysis: Factors Behind Project Success and Effectiveness. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003116.

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The goal of development assistance is to deliver measurable results. At the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Development Effectiveness Framework (DEF) was adopted to enhance the likelihood this goal is met. The key objective of this analysis is to enhance our understanding of the role the set of tools and processes adopted at the IDB, from project design to completion, play in the assessment of a projects success and effectiveness. Specifically, we are interested in teasing out the role different dimensions of project design, assessed through the Development Effectiveness Matrix (DEM), and execution performance indicators, as per the Project Monitoring Report (PMR), have on the delivery of effective and successful projects measured through the Project Completion Report (PCR) methodology implemented at the IDB. We also explore the validation process of PCRs and delve into the effectiveness analysis at the level of specific objectives and result indicators, identifying key pitfalls associated with objectives not being met. Overall, our findings provide strong validation for the DEF and its tools. We find robust evidence for the importance of the quality at entry assessment conducted through the DEM. In particular, the quality of the results matrix at approval is a strong determinant of project success and effectiveness at closure, and the quality of the Evaluation Plan is strongly associated with the effectiveness of a project. In terms of execution performance, our analysis finds that, on average, projects that execute a lower share of their approved loan amount, are put on Alert, or are classified as a Problem, in its first three years of execution; and projects that experience a higher share of their outputs discontinued, with respect to their first results matrix, are most likely to be ineffective in achieving their objectives and will likely be rated as unsuccessful.
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2

Ків, Арнольд Юхимович, D. Fuks, Наталя Володимирівна Моісеєнко, and Володимир Миколайович Соловйов. Silicon-aluminum bonding in Al alloys. Transport and Telecommunication Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1033.

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Ab initio calculation was performed to investigate the nature of Si-Al bonding in Al based alloys. Total electronic energy Etot for different configurations of the model cluster Si2Al6 was calculated. When the model cluster consists of two perfect tetrahedrons there is a strong influence of the Si-Si distance on the Si-Al adiabatic potential. The equilibrium distance between Si and Al atoms increases with the length of Si-Si bond increasing. It was concluded that description of Si clusters in Al matrix demands an account of the angle depending part of Si-Al interaction.
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3

Gal'perin, Yu M., V. G. Karpov, and Володимир Миколайович Соловйов. Density of vibrational states in glasses. Springer, November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1005.

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A theory of the vibrational spectra of glasses, based on allowance for the statistical fluctuations of the local elastic constants, is proposed. The existence is established of two characteristic energies h, and h, , dividing the spectrum into regions of qualitatively different behavior of the density of states n (h). At low frequencices w 4 w, the increase of the density of states is determined by the additive contributions of phonons and mutually noninteracting quasilocal vibrations in random soft atomic potentials in the glass. In the intermediate region w , 5 w 5 w, the quasilocal vibrations interact strongly with phonons, and this makes their contributions superadditive. For w > w, the growth of n (h) slows down. As a result, n (h) increases at first more rapidly and then more slowly than the Debye density of states. An analytical expression for n (h) is obtained in the T-matrix formalism in the region w <a,, including the region of strong scattering. A numerical calculation of n (h) is performed in the coherent-potential approximation. The theory predicts qualitatively universal behavior of n (h) in different glasses.
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4

Shpigel, Muki, Allen Place, William Koven, Oded (Odi) Zmora, Sheenan Harpaz, and Mordechai Harel. Development of Sodium Alginate Encapsulation of Diatom Concentrates as a Nutrient Delivery System to Enhance Growth and Survival of Post-Larvae Abalone. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586480.bard.

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The major bottlenecks in rearing the highly priced gastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.) are the slow growth rate and the high mortality during the first 8 to 12 weeks following metamorphosis and settling. The most likely reason flor these problems is related to nutritional deficiencies in the diatom diet on which the post larvae (PL) feed almost exclusively in captivity. Higher survival and improved growth rate will reduce the considerable expense of hatchery-nursery resisdence time and thereflore the production costs. BARD supported our research for one year only and the support was given to us in order to prove that "(1) Abalone PL feed on encapsulated diatoms, and (2) heterotrophic diatoms can be mass produced." In the course of this year we have developed a novel nutrient delivery system specifically designed to enhance growth and survival of post-larval abalone. This approach is based on the sodium-alginate encapsulation of heterotrophically grown diatoms or diatom extracts, including appetite-stimulating factors. Diatom species that attract the PL and promote the highest growth and survival have been identified. These were also tested by incorporating them (either intact cells or as cell extracts) into a sodium-alginate matrix while comparing the growth to that achieved when using diatoms (singel sp. or as a mixture). A number of potential chemoattractants to act as appetite-stimulating factors for abalone PL have been tested. Preliminary results show that the incorporation of the amino acid methionine at a level of 10-3M to the sodim alginate matrix leads to a marked enhancement of growth. The results ol these studies provided basic knowledge on the growth of abalone and showed that it is possible to obtain, on a regular basis, survival rates exceeding 10% for this stage. Prior to this study the survival rates ranged between 2-4%, less than half of the values achieved today. Several diatom species originated from the National Center for Mariculture (Nitzchia laevis, Navicula lenzi, Amphora T3, and Navicula tennerima) and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083, 2084, 2085, 2086 and 2087 UTEX strains, Austin TX) were tested for heterotrophic growth. Axenic colonies were initially obtained and following intensive selection cycles and mutagenesis treatments, Amphora T3, Navicula tennerima and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083 UTEX strain) were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions and to sustain highly enriched mediums. A highly efficient selection procedure as well as cost effective matrix of media components were developed and optimized. Glucose was identified as the best carbon source for all diatom strains. Doubling times ranging from 20-40 h were observed, and stable heterotroph cultures at a densities range of 103-104 were achieved. Although current growth rates are not yet sufficient for full economical fermentation, we estimate that further selections and mutagenesis treatments cycles should result in much faster growing colonies suitable for a fermentor scale-up. As rightfully pointed out by one of the reviewers, "There would be no point in assessing the optimum levels of dietary inclusions into micro-capsules, if the post-larvae cannot be induced to consume those capsules in the first place." We believe that the results of the first year of research provide a foundationfor the continuation of this research following the objectives put forth in the original proposal. Future work should concentrate on the optimization of incorporation of intact cells and cell extracts of the developed heterotrophic strains in the alginate matrix, as well as improving this delivery system by including liposomes and chemoattractants to ensure food consumption and enhanced growth.
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5

Schelzig, Karin, and Kirsty Newman. Promoting Inclusive Education in Mongolia. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200305-2.

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Children with disabilities suffer disproportionately from the learning crisis. Although they represent only about 1.5% to 5% of the child population, they comprise more than half of out-of-school children globally. Inspired by a commitment that every child has the right to quality education, a growing global drive for inclusive education promotes an education system where children with disabilities receive an appropriate and high-quality education that is delivered alongside their peers. The global commitment to inclusive education is captured in the Sustainable Development Goal 4—ensuring inclusive and equitable education and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all. This paper explores inclusive education for children with disabilities in Mongolia’s mainstream education system, based on a 2019 survey of more than 5,000 households; interviews with teachers, school administrators, education ministry officials, and social workers; and visits to schools and kindergartens in four provinces and one district of the capital city. Mongolia has developed a strong legal and policy framework for inclusive education aligned with international best practice, but implementation and capacity are lagging. This is illustrated using four indicators of inclusive education: inclusive culture, inclusive policies, inclusive practices, and inclusive physical environments. The conclusion presents a matrix of recommendations for government and education sector development partners.
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