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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Markers expression"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Markers expression"

Deng, Yongyan, Hongjin Li, and Yujiao Tang. "The Effect of Suppression Taurine on Relocation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mankind Lung Cancer Cells." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656080.

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Aim. Taurine is believed to have antioxidant properties and has been implicated in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and prostate cancer. This research focused on taurine inhibition effects of expression related to migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) A549 study on related genes of human being non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods. MTT assays assessed cell viability and a RadiusTM assay showed that taurine also inhibited the lung cancer cell migration. Using RT-PCR and Western blot, the migration and EMT markers were identified and evaluated. Results. We found that taurine significantly decreased the expression of migration markers matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In contrast, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) expressions were increased with taurine treatment. In addition, we found an association between taurine treatment and the expression of EMT markers. The expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin TWIST-1 was decreased, but the expression of zinc finger protein SNAIL-1 and E-zinc finger homeobox 1 (ZEB-1) was increased. Conclusion. Taken together, our study strongly suggests the therapeutic significance of taurine, which possesses antimigration activity and induces EMT markers expression in lung cancer cells.

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Link, C. D., C. W. Ehrenfels, and W. B. Wood. "Mutant expression of male copulatory bursa surface markers in Caenorhabditis elegans." Development 103, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.103.3.485.

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In a search for molecular markers of male tail morphogenesis in C. elegans, we have detected two surface markers that are specifically observed in the copulatory bursa of adult males and the vulva of adult hermaphrodites. These markers are defined by binding of a monoclonal antibody (Ab117) and the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to live intact animals. Expression of these markers is dependent on sex, stage and anterior-posterior position in the animal. Four of ten mutants with specific defects in bursal development show altered expression of one or both markers. Because the WGA marker can be expressed in intersexual animals with very little bursal development, posterior surface expression of this marker can serve as an indication of subtle masculinization of hermaphrodites. The timing of expression of these markers is not affected by heterochronic mutations that cause larval animals to express adult cuticles or adult animals to express larval cuticles, indicating that marker expression can be uncoupled from general cuticle development. Mutant lin-22 males, which have an anterior-to-posterior transformation of cell fates in the lateral hypodermis, ectopically express both markers in a manner consistent with a ‘posteriorization’ of positional information in these animals. These markers should be useful for the isolation and characterization of mutants defective in bursal and vulval development, sex determination and expression of anterior-posterior positional information.

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Koren, Ana, Matija Rijavec, Izidor Kern, Eva Sodja, Peter Korosec, and Tanja Cufer. "BMI1,ALDH1A1, andCD133Transcripts Connect Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Carcinoma." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9714315.

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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the underlying mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis. Evidences from lung cancer cellular models show EMT can trigger conversion to a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. In this study, we assessed mRNA expression levels of EMT-inducing transcription factors (BMI1,TWIST1), CSC (CD133,ALDH1A1), and epithelial (EpCAM) markers in primary tumor and whole blood samples obtained from 57 patients with operable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of 13 patients with metastatic disease; then possible associations between marker expressions were evaluated. In primary tumors as well as in whole blood, correlations betweenBMI1andALDH1A1and betweenBMI1andCD133mRNA expressions were identified. No correlations betweenTWIST1and CSC markers were observed.BMI1mRNA expression in tumors positively correlated withBMI1mRNA expression in blood. The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed coexpression of BMI1 and CSC markers in tumors. Gene expression profiling in CTCs revealed upregulated expression of EMT/CSC markers in CTCs. Our results suggest CSCs are present in both, tumor tissue and blood of NSCLC patients, whereas Bmi1 may play an important role in initiation and maintenance of CSCs and might be involved in the blood-borne dissemination of NSCLC.

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Naghavi Alhosseini, Mahdieh, Marianna Palazzo, Luigi Cari, Simona Ronchetti, Graziella Migliorati, and Giuseppe Nocentini. "Overexpression of Potential Markers of Regulatory and Exhausted CD8+ T Cells in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 4526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054526.

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B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is one of the most common pediatric cancers, wherein regulatory T cells (Treg) and exhausted CD8+ T cells may be important in its development and maintenance. In this bioinformatics study, we evaluated the expression of 20 Treg/CD8 exhaustion markers and their possible roles in patients with B-ALL. The mRNA expression values of peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 25 patients with B-ALL and 93 healthy subjects (HSs) were downloaded from publicly available datasets. Treg/CD8 exhaustion marker expression was normalized with that of the T cell signature and correlated with the expression of Ki-67, regulatory transcription factors (FoxP3, Helios), cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β), CD8+ markers (CD8α chain, CD8β chain), and CD8+ activation markers (Granzyme B, Granulysin). The mean expression level of 19 Treg/CD8 exhaustion markers was higher in the patients than in the HSs. In patients, the expression of five markers (CD39, CTLA-4, TNFR2, TIGIT, and TIM-3) correlated positively with Ki-67, FoxP3, and IL-10 expression. Moreover, the expression of some of them correlated positively with Helios or TGF-β. Our results suggested that Treg/CD8+ T cells expressing CD39, CTLA-4, TNFR2, TIGIT, and TIM-3 favor B-ALL progression, and targeted immunotherapy against these markers could be a promising approach for treating B-ALL.

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R, Naveen Kumar, Charanjeet Ahluwalia, Sunita Malik, and Rashmi Arora. "Evaluation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Markers E-Cadherin and Vimentin in Carcinoma Cervix." Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 7, no. 6 (July 7, 2020): A282–287. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2746.

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Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common in developing areas. Epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, one of the critical elements in invasion, progression and metastasis of tumour. This study highlights the expression of epithelial mesenchymal markers E-cadherin and vimentin in carcinoma cervix and whether there is any association of expression of these markers with grade of cervical cancer. Objectives: To study the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin and vimentin in cervical cancer. To correlate the immunohistochemical expression of these markers with grade of cervical cancer. Methods: 30 cases (n=30) of carcinoma cervix & 30 controls (n=30) of non specific cervicitis diagnosed on H&E were included in this study. H&E stained sections was examined for histological type and grade. Immunohistochemistry for E-Cadherin and Vimentin was performed in all these cases. Result: Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and of mesenchymal marker vimentin was correlated with the grade of cervical carcinoma. The expression of E-cadherin is reduced and expression of vimentin is increased with increasing grades of carcinoma cervix. Conclusion: The expression of these EMT markers can be used as a prognostic marker in cervical cancer that are in high risk of progression.

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Mo, Chia-Kuei, Yige Wu, Terekhanova Nadezhda, Caravan Wagma, Preet Lal, Siqi Chen, Nataly Naser AL Deen, et al. "Abstract 2025: Spatial transcriptomic profiling of progression markers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2025.

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Abstract Next-generation sequencing enabled molecular landscaping and the discovery of novel tumor markers in ccRCC. However, the spatial relationships and histological features of the tumor microenvironment were lost during this process. Combining snRNA-seq, snATAC-seq, Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) technology, and immunofluorescence labeling, we discovered novel ccRCC progression tumor markers, and uncovered their spatial dependent expression pattern in both human ccRCC tumors and patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Using snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq, novel tumor progression markers such as NDRG1, MGST1, ABCC3 and PCSK6 were discovered, and their expressions were validated in ST. We found that one of the key novel tumor markers, CP, exhibited specific spatial expression patterns on tissue slides. The elevation of CP expression region is associated with a higher degree of hyalinization in ccRCC human tumor samples. Similarly, using immunofluorescence labeling, we validated the co-expression of CP and PCSK6 canonical ccRCC marker CA9. Overall, this study revealed novel ccRCC progression markers and linked their spatial expression pattern with histological features. Citation Format: Chia-Kuei Mo, Yige Wu, Terekhanova Nadezhda, Caravan Wagma, Preet Lal, Siqi Chen, Nataly Naser AL Deen, Ruiyang Liu, Yanyan Zhao, Kazuhito Sato, Lijun Yao, Mamatha Serasanambati, Andrew Shinkle, Reyka G. Jayasinghe, Li Ding, Feng Chen. Spatial transcriptomic profiling of progression markers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2025.

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Zhyvetska-Denysova, A. A., I. I. Vorobiova, N. Ya Skrypchenko, S. M. Tolkach, S. M. Razdaibedin, and Yu M. Bondarenko. "Placental markers of miscarriage." Pathologia 18, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2021.3.232302.

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Successful implantation involves a high degree of development of spiral arteries, combined with high proliferative activity, which ensures the formation of a healthy placenta, full uterine-placental circulation, and the birth of a healthy child. The placenta is the unique organ of the biological monitoring, the mirror of pregnancy. Identification of placental markers of miscarriage is a promising direction for preventing reproductive losses. The aim of the work is to identify the markers of miscarriage and premature labor in the structures of the chorion and placenta. Materials and methods. The main group included tissue samples of the 22 chorions and 64 placentas after termination of current pregnancy from women with a history of reproductive losses. The control group included tissue samples of the 20 chorions after artificial abortion and 20 placentas after physiological pregnancy and birth. The placenta was examined according to the protocol (form No. 013-1/0). The expressions of VEGF, CD31/PECAM1, CD105/Endoglin/TGFβ 1/3 Receptor, Bcl-2α Ab-1, TNF-α, CD45/T200/LCA, CD56/NCAM1 were studied in the structures of chorion and placenta by immunohistochemistry. Results. Based on histological and immuno-histochemical study of chorion and placenta samples in women with reproductive history and termination of the current pregnancy, it was established that embryo-endometrial dysfunction is the cause of miscarriage in the first trimester, and inflammation is the precondition of preterm birth; markers of miscarriage and premature labor in the structures of the chorion and placenta have been identified. Conclusions. The markers of miscarriage are pathomorphological changes in endometrium and chorion combined with high expression of TNF-α and NK-CD56, low expression of CD31/PECAM1, negative expression of VEGF to indicate a violation of cytotrophoblast invasions. The markers of inflammation and premature labor are structural and functional changes of placenta in combination with moderate expression of TNF-α in syncytium, high expression of NK-CD56 in villous stroma, high expression of CD45/T200/LCA in the decidual membrane.

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Kakiuchi-Kiyota, Satoko, Leslie A. Obert, Danielle M. Crowell, Shuhua Xia, Marc D. Roy, Timothy M. Coskran, John M. Kreeger, et al. "Expression of Hematopoietic Stem and Endothelial Cell Markers in Canine Hemangiosarcoma." Toxicologic Pathology 48, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319897539.

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Several chemicals and pharmaceuticals increase the incidence of hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) in mice, but the relevance to humans is uncertain. Recently, canine HSAs were identified as a powerful tool for investigating the pathogenesis of human HSAs. To characterize the cellular phenotype of canine HSAs, we evaluated immunoreactivity and/or messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of markers for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), endothelial cells (ECs), a tumor suppressor protein, and a myeloid marker in canine HSAs. Neoplastic canine cells expressed EC markers and a myeloid marker, but expressed HSC markers less consistently. The canine tumor expression results were then compared to previously published immunoreactivity results for these markers in human and mouse HSAs. There are 2 noteworthy differences across species: (1) most human HSAs had HSC marker expression, indicating that they were comprised of tumor cells that were less differentiated than those in canine and mouse tumors; and (2) human and canine HSAs expressed a late-stage EC maturation marker, whereas mouse HSAs were negative, suggesting that human and canine tumors may retain greater differentiation potential than mouse tumors. These results indicate that HSA development is variable across species and that caution is necessary when discussing translation of carcinogenic risk from animal models to humans.

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Jha, R., G. Grover, and P. Bose. "Lymphoid associated antigen expression in new cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Journal of Pathology of Nepal 3, no. 6 (October 24, 2013): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.8999.

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Background: Occurrence of aberrant phenotype has been reported in acute leukemias with varying frequency though its prognostic importance remains controversial. In acute myeloid leukemias, aberrant phenotype, as high as 88 %, has been reported. To evaluate the occurrence of aberrant lymphoid phenotypes and to correlate their presence with various French American British classification, 100 cases of fresh acute myeloid leukemias were analyzed for lymphoid markers CD 4,7,8,10 and 19. Materials and Methods: Whole blood or bone marrow aspirate collected in EDTA were processed by standard method and subjected to immunophenotyping for B Cells marker CD 19 and 10 and T cell marker CD 4, 7 and 8. Results: Aberrant lymphoid markers were seen in 35(35%) cases. All FAB subtypes except M7 showed aberrancy for the markers studied. However it was the most common in M0 (100%), followed by M2 (51.9%). T cell aberrancy was the most common, comprising 62.8% (22/35) of total aberrancy. CD 7 was the most common aberrantly expressed marker, seen in 20% AML, followed by CD 4(14%) and CD 19 (8%). Conclusion: Occurrence of lymphoid phenotypes is frequent in pediatric as well adult AML. Though T cell markers are more common, only B cell as well as both B and T cell markers may be co expressed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.8999 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 487-490

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Limantara, Eunice, Felicia Kartawidjajaputra, and Antonius Suwanto. "Evaluation of potential gene expression as early markers of insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Indonesian population." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology 23, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.36975.

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Early detection of insulin resistance (IR) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is crucial to preventing future risks of developing chronic diseases. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Liver Fat Score (LFS), and Fatty Liver Index (FLI) are generally employed to measure severity stages of IR and NAFLD. The study of gene expressions could explain the molecular mechanisms that occur early on in IR and NAFLD; thus providing potential early markers for both diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the gene expressions that could potentially be early markers of IR and NAFLD. All participants (n = 21) had normal blood glucose and were categorized as without hepatosteatosis (n = 10), at higher risk of hepatosteatosis (n = 6), and hepatosteatosis (n = 5). Gene expression analysis was performed using the 2-∆∆CT relative quantification method. There were significant differences in galnt2 (p < 0.002) and sirt1 (p < 0.010) expression between the first and the third tertiles of HOMA-IR; and in ptpn1 (p < 0.012) expression between the first and the second tertiles of LFS. In conclusion, the expressions of galnt2 and sirt1 could be used as early markers of IR, while the expression of ptpn1 could be employed as an early marker of NAFLD.

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Дисертації з теми "Markers expression"

Blight, Keril Jaye. "Studies of the hepatic expression of hepatitis C virus markers /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb6482.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, 1995?
Includes five copies of author's previously published articles in back pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-142).

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Lexander, Helena. "Protein expression in prostate cancer /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-617-4/.

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Gillaspy, Glenda E. "Expression of genes and differentiation markers in human glioblastoma cell lines." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055265679.

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Moulin, Danielle S. "Regulation of expression of the CFTR gene." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298347.

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Gulyás, Miklós. "Mesothelial differentiation, mesothelioma and tumor markers in serous cavities /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-566-2/.

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Valdman, Alexander. "Molecular genetic markers of prostate cancer development /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-618-9/.

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Roupaka, Sofia. "Functional genomics approach to identifying peripheral markers for sheep scrapie." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33306.

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Scrapie is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) of sheep and goats, for which there is currently no ante-mortem diagnostic test. A rapid, ante-mortem diagnostic test for scrapie would also potentially be important for other TSEs such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt Jakob's disease (vCJD). The hypothesis of this study was that there is differential gene expression in the blood and peripheral tissues of scrapie infected animals, and that a panel of differentially expressed genes could be identified and used as surrogate markers of infection. An expression screening approach, using real-time PCR and an EST microarray, was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed between SSBP/1 infected and mock-infected control sheep. The animals used in this study were New Zealand Cheviot sheep of three genotypes, the highly susceptible VRQ/VRQ (incubation time 193 ± 12 days), the intermediately susceptible VRQ/ARR (incubation time 325 ± 36 days) and the disease resistant ARR/ARR (no clinical signs of disease), experimentally infected with scrapie strain SSBP/1 and sacrificed at various time points post infection. No differentially expressed candidates were identified in blood. Other microarray experiments in our group had demonstrated evidence of differential expression in spleen fractions enriched for follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). These data were analysed and candidates were selected for quantitative real-time PCR validation, with a view to assessing the expression of validated candidates in blood as a more targeted approach to identifying markers of infection. The gene Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) emerged as an interesting candidate as its expression was found to be significantly up-regulated in FDC-enriched spleen samples of VRQ/VRQ and ARR/ARR animals over a number of time points post infection. EGR1 expression was steady among all mock-infected controls. There was, however, no evidence of differential expression of EGR1 in blood. This is the first report of differential expression of EGR1 in preclinical spleen samples in sheep. EGR1 is an attractive candidate for a surrogate marker of preclinical infection, as its levels rise very early after infection and remain elevated for a sustained amount of time in the VRQ/VRQ sheep. Elevated expression is also detectable in VRQ/ARR and in ARR/ARR sheep. Further studies with larger sample numbers would be necessary to more accurately estimate the extent of differential expression and to assess its true worth as a diagnostic marker. Expression studies in samples from other TSEs and non-TSE neuropathological disease would also be necessary to establish whether differential expression of EGR1 is specific to TSE disease.

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Grover, Rajiv. "Oncogene expression in malignant melanoma : markers of prognosis and targets for gene therapy." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266579.

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Burk, Janina, Claudia Gittel, Sandra Heller, Bastian Pfeiffer, Felicitas Paebst, Annette B. Ahrberg, and Walter Brehm. "Gene expression of tendon markers in mesenchymal stromal cells derived from different sources." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-157823.

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Background: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be recovered from a variety of tissues in the body. Yet, their functional properties were shown to vary depending on tissue origin. While MSC have emerged as a favoured cell type for tendon regenerative therapies, very little is known about the influence of the MSC source on their properties relevant to tendon regeneration. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the expression of tendon extracellular matrix proteins and tendon differentiation markers in MSC derived from different sources as well as in native tendon tissue. MSC isolated from equine bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord tissue, umbilical cord blood and tendon tissue were characterized and then subjected to mRNA analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: MSC derived from adipose tissue displayed the highest expression of collagen 1A2, collagen 3A1 and decorin compared to MSC from all other sources and native tendon tissue (p < 0.01). Tenascin-C and scleraxis expressions were highest in MSC derived from cord blood compared to MSC derived from other sources, though both tenascin-C and scleraxis were expressed at significantly lower levels in all MSC compared to native tendon tissue (p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the MSC source impacts the cell properties relevant to tendon regeneration. Adipose derived MSC might be superior regarding their potential to positively influence tendon matrix reorganization.

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Peake, Simon Thomas Charles. "Aberrant expression of homing markers on dendritic cells drives inflammation in Crohn's disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/31866.

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CD is a chronic transmural inflammatory disease of the gut. The aetiology of CD is unknown, but is likely to result from dysregulated innate immune responses to gut microbiota leading to over activation of the acquired immune system in a genetically susceptible host. Inflammation occurs anywhere from mouth to anus, in addition to extra-intestinal sites. This compartmentalisation of the inflammatory process is linked to tissue-specific innate immune mechanisms and immune cell homing. DCs play a key role in discriminating between gut commensal microbiota and harmful pathogens, directing T-cell polarisation and directing immune cells to specific anatomical locations by expressing and imprinting homing markers. Improved understanding of the immunopathogenic basis of inflammation in CD has led to the development of more efficacious medical therapy, in particular, targeting the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. The precise mechanism of action of TNFα blockade in CD remains unclear. We found homing marker expression on circulating DCs in patients with CD closely correlates with anatomical phenotype of inflammation. When immune cells are cultured with IFX we found homing marker expression on monocytes and T-cells changed from a gut-homing to skin-homing phenotype., perhaps explaining the phenomenon of 'paradoxical inflammation' seen in some patients treated with anti-TNFα therapy. Blood-enriched DCs isolated from patients with active CD had higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in culture medium. IFX culture resulted in reduced concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased gut-homing marker expression. Finally, we examined the functional effects of IFX-pre-treated-LDCs on T-cells. There was a dose-dependent reduction in LDC stimulatory capacity with increasing concentrations of IFX, but no changes in T-cell phenotype. The effect of IFX on the immune system goes beyond TNFα blockade alone. This work has identified several mechanisms by which IFX interacts with immune cells in vitro, which may result in changes to CD inflammatory process in vivo.

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Книги з теми "Markers expression"

C, Strohman Richard, Wolf Stewart 1914-, and Muscular Dystrophy Association, eds. Gene expression in muscle. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

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Romera, Magdalena. Discourse functional units: The expression of coherence relations in spoken Spanish. Muenchen: LINCOM, 2004.

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Takeo, Takeyama, ed. Messenger RNA research perspectives. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Hellberg, Dan. Histological and serological tumor markers, and gene expression, and their clinical usefulness in cancers. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Slack, Frank J. MicroRNAs in development and cancer. London: Imperial College Press, 2011.

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G, Harrigan George, and Goodacre Royston, eds. Metabolic profiling: Its role in biomarker discovery and gene function analysis. Boston, Mass: Kluwer Academic, 2003.

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Antoine, Joseph. Dictionnaire des marchés financiers: Plus de 2000 termes et expressions expliqués et traduits en cinq langues : anglais, allemand, espagnol, italien, néerlandais. Bruxelles: De Boeck, 2006.

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Antoine, Joseph. Dictionnaire des marchés financiers: Plus de 2000 termes et expressions expliqués et traduits en cinq langues : anglais, allemand, espagnol, italien, néerlandais. Bruxelles: De Boeck, 2005.

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Vian, Giovanni. Le pontificat romain dans l’époque contemporaine | The Papacy in the Contemporary Age. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-239-0.

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The volume, deepening specific aspects of the popes from Pius X to Francis, offers, overall, a historical reading of the papacy from the early twentieth century to the present. In this time – between uncertainties, resistances, cautious openings – the papacy realised the transition from intransigent Catholicism to dialogue with modernity and its most characteristic cultural, political and social expressions. In this regard, the presence of swings and retractions in the popes of the last decades are also an expression of the troubles that have marked the long and difficult coexistence between papacy, Roman Catholic Church and modernity, until pope Bergoglio’s new guidelines.

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Yeh, Edward. Development of green fluorescent protein as a vital marker and reporter of gene expression in drosophila. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Markers expression"

Hsu, Su-Ming, and Pei-Ling Hsu. "Phenotypic Expression of Hodgkin’s Disease." In Cellular Cancer Markers, 289–334. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2381-6_11.

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Florea, Simona, Caroline Machado, Kalina Andreeva, and Christopher L. Schardl. "The Cre/Lox System: A Practical Tool to Efficiently Eliminate Selectable Markers in Fungal Endophytes." In Recombinant Gene Expression, 371–79. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-433-9_19.

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Schiffer, Davide, Maria Teresa Giordana, Alessandro Mauro, and Riccardo Soffietti. "Antigens of Phenotypic Expression and Differentiation Markers." In Brain Tumors, 56–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60529-1_4.

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Paggi, Marco G., and Antonio Caputo. "CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF A REARRANGED HEXOKINASE ISOZYMES EXPRESSION IN NEOPLASTIC PHENOTYPE: THE ASTROCYTOMA MODEL." In Human Tumor Markers, edited by F. Cimino, G. D. Birkmayer, J. V. Klavins, E. Pimentel, and F. Salvatore, 869–82. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110846515-062.

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Izzo, P., P. Costanzo, A. Lupo, and F. Salvatore. "NOVEL ASPECTS OF THE HUMAN ALDOLASE GENE FAMILY AND ITS EXPRESSION IN TUMOR CELLS." In Human Tumor Markers, edited by F. Cimino, G. D. Birkmayer, J. V. Klavins, E. Pimentel, and F. Salvatore, 889–98. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110846515-064.

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Bird, C. C. "Coordinate Genotypic and Phenotypic Expression as Differentiation Markers in Human Lymphoid Malignancies." In Coordinated Regulation of Gene Expression, 67–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2245-0_9.

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Griffith, Obi L., Adrienne Melck, Steven J. M. Jones, and Sam M. Wiseman. "Thyroid Cancer: Identification of Gene Expression Markers for Diagnosis." In Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, 353–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3186-0_24.

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Pick, Elah, Mary M. McCarthy, and Harriet M. Kluger. "Assessing Expression of Apoptotic Markers Using Large Cohort Tissue Microarrays." In Apoptosis and Cancer, 83–93. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-339-4_8.

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Wang, Yixin, Jan Klijn, Yi Zhang, David Atkins, and John Foekens. "Gene Expression Profiles and Prognostic Markers for Primary Breast Cancer." In Microarray Data Analysis, 131–38. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-390-5_7.

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Engelmann, Gary L., Robert A. Worrell, Richard A. Duff, Patricia S. Grutkoski, Kenneth R. Chien, and Richard P. Harvey. "Expression of cardiac muscle markers in rat myocyte cell lines." In Biochemistry of Signal Transduction in Myocardium, 87–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1275-8_10.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Markers expression"

Roinesalo, Paula, Juho Rantakari, Lasse Virtanen, and Jonna Häkkilä. "Clothes integrated visual markers as self-expression tool." In MobileHCI '16: 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2957265.2961832.

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Verleden, Stijn, Joshua Yang, Tara Sigdel, Juliane liberto, Geert Verleden, Robin Vos, bart Vanaudenaerde, and Minnie Sarwal. "Gene expression markers to segregate lung transplant rejection phenotypes." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.oa1992.

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Woodruff, Prescott, Owen Solberg, Jennifer Snyder-Cappione, Lydia Hou, Christine Nguyen, Joyce Chi, and Laura Koth. "Whole Blood Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Sarcoidosis-specific Markers Including Decreased IL7 Receptor Expression." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3981.

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Makinde, Toluwalope O., Rohit Gaurav, and Devendra K. Agrawal. "Expression Of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers In Chronic Asthmatic Airway." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a4294.

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Uppalapati, Praneeth, Yang Xiang, and Kun Huang. "Predicting prognostic markers for glioma using gene co-expression network analysis." In the First ACM International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1854776.1854879.

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Iwadate, Manabu, Kohtaro Miyamoto, Emi Ito, Jun-ichi Imai, Naoki Sawada, Izumi Nakamura, Shinji Ohki, Shinya Watanabe, Satoshi Waguri, and Seiichi Takenoshita. "Abstract 20: GIST-specific markers identified by comprehensive gene expression profiles." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-20.

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Azazi, Amal, Syaheerah Lebai Lutfi, and Ibrahim Venkat. "Identifying universal facial emotion markers for automatic 3D facial expression recognition." In 2014 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCOINS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccoins.2014.6868369.

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Lyu, Minjie, Yihan Zhang, Luning Yang, Xin Lin, Yilin Li, Huan Jin, Anthony G. Bellotti, Nenad Mitic, and Vladimir Brusic. "PBMC Cell Classification from Single Cell mRNA Expression by Artificial Neural Networks, Profiles, Gene Markers, and Protein Markers." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669826.

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Chaini, Eleftheria, Angelos Tsipis, Anna-Maria Athanassiadou, Dimitra Haini, Maria Gonidi, Kyriakos Hainis, Pauline Athanassiadou, and Ioannis Giannopoulos. "The significance of AEG-1 expression in NSCLL: correlation with prognostic markers." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa2039.

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Baudin, B., L. Drouet, J. L. Carrier, M. Bérard, and Q. Y. Wu. "DISTRIBUTION OF ENDOTHELIAL MARKERS ALONG THE VASCULAR TREE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643357.

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Few specific markers of the endothelial cells are available. Von Willebrand factor has been recognized as the most specific but we have shown that its intracellular content and extracellular release varies largely along the vascular tree of the pig. Synthesis is maximal in capillaries and in pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Synthesis is almost nil in the aorta. Intermediary values are encountered in the inferior vena cava. We studied the distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in endothelial cells along the vascular tree, as synthesis, storage, membrane expression and release of this enzyme is totally different from that of von Willebrand factor. Primary culture of endothelial cells from various origin of the vascular tree were studied. ACE was assessed by a functional radiometric assay using a specific substrate, cellular expression depends : 1 - on culture conditions (medium with serum, adult pig serum, foetal calf serum, medium without serum), 2 - on time in culture and 3 - on the degree of cellular confluency. ACE is easily measured both in cellular extract and in the medium. After cellular fractionation, ACE is concentrated in membrane fractions. Changes were found between the arterial and venous endothelial cells but no significant variation in the distribution between intracellular and released ACE were noted. Arterial endothelium (aortic and pulmonary artery) behaved similarly while in venous endothelium (inferior vena cava) both the cellular and the releasable ACE decreased. A specific antibody to the cellular form of the porcine ACE is being raised to complete these functional studies by antigenic dosages and immunolocalization.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Markers expression"

O'Connell, Peter. MTA1-Regulated Gene Expression: New Markers of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430181.

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Norelli, John L., Moshe Flaishman, Herb Aldwinckle, and David Gidoni. Regulated expression of site-specific DNA recombination for precision genetic engineering of apple. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587214.bard.

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Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: 1) evaluate inducible promoters for the expression of recombinase in apple (USDA-ARS); 2) develop alternative selectable markers for use in apple to facilitate the positive selection of gene excision by recombinase (Cornell University); 3) compare the activity of three different recombinase systems (Cre/lox, FLP/FRT, and R/RS)in apple using a rapid transient assay (ARO); and 4) evaluate the use of recombinase systems in apple using the best promoters, selectable markers and recombinase systems identified in 1, 2 and 3 above (Collaboratively). Objective 2 was revised from the development alternative selectable markers, to the development of a marker-free selection system for apple. This change in approach was taken due to the inefficiency of the alternative markers initially evaluated in apple, phosphomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase, and the regulatory advantages of a marker-free system. Objective 3 was revised to focus primarily on the FLP/FRT recombinase system, due to the initial success obtained with this recombinase system. Based upon cooperation between researchers (see Achievements below), research to evaluate the use of the FLP recombinase system under light-inducible expression in apple was then conducted at the ARO (Objective 4). Background: Genomic research and genetic engineering have tremendous potential to enhance crop performance, improve food quality and increase farm profits. However, implementing the knowledge of genomics through genetically engineered fruit crops has many hurdles to be overcome before it can become a reality in the orchard. Among the most important hurdles are consumer concerns regarding the safety of transgenics and the impact this may have on marketing. The goal of this project was to develop plant transformation technologies to mitigate these concerns. Major achievements: Our results indicate activity of the FLP\FRTsite-specific recombination system for the first time in apple, and additionally, we show light- inducible activation of the recombinase in trees. Initial selection of apple transformation events is conducted under dark conditions, and tissue cultures are then moved to light conditions to promote marker excision and plant development. As trees are perennial and - cross-fertilization is not practical, the light-induced FLP-mediated recombination approach shown here provides an alternative to previously reported chemically induced recombinase approaches. In addition, a method was developed to transform apple without the use of herbicide or antibiotic resistance marker genes (marker free). Both light and chemically inducible promoters were developed to allow controlled gene expression in fruit crops. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the feasibility of "marker excision" and "marker free" transformation technologies in apple. The use of these safer technologies for the genetic enhancement of apple varieties and rootstocks for various traits will serve to mitigate many of the consumer and environmental concerns facing the commercialization of these improved varieties.

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Nicholson, Ralph, Reuven Reuveni, and Moshe Shimoni. Biochemical Markers for Disease Resistance in Corn. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613037.bard.

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The objective was to screen maize lines for their ability to express resistance based on biochemical traits. Cultivars were screened for retention of the hydroxamic acid DIMBOA and the synthesis of phenols (based on anthocyanin production) as markers for resistance. Lines were selected and inoculated with fungal pathogens (Exserohilum turcicum, Puccinia sorghi, Cochliobolus heterostraphus, Colletotricum graminicola.), and the Maize Dwarf Mosaic and Johnson Grass Mosaic viruses. Lines were screened in the field and greenhouse. Results showed that lines selected for augmented phenol synthesis do exhibit heightened levels of resistance to fungal pathogens. Isolation of mRNA followed by northern analyses for expression of A1 (dihydroflavanol reductase) and peroxidase confirmed that genes for these enzymes were turned on in response to inoculation of lines predicted to exhibit resistance. Peroxidase and b-1,3-glucanase were assayed in breeding lines having or lacking the se gene. A specific ionically-bound peroxidase isozyme and a b-1,3-glucanase isozyme were revealed in lines having the se gene. Data suggest that peroxidase and b-1,3-glucanase isozymes, may be considered as markers to identify resistance to E. turcicum in maize genotypes with the se gene.

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Garrett, Ian. Gene Expression Life History Markers in a Hatchery and a Wild Population of Young-of-the-Year Oncorhynchus mykiss. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1444.

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Perl-Treves, Rafael, Rebecca Grumet, Nurit Katzir, and Jack E. Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Sex Expression in Cucumis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586536.bard.

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Monoecious species such as melon and cucumber develop separate male and female (or bisexual) flowers on the same plant individual. They display complex genetic and hormonal regulation of sex patterns along the plant. Ethylene is known to play an important role in promoting femaleness and inhibiting male development, but many questions regarding critical sites of ethylene production versus perception, the relationship between ethylene and the sex determining loci, and the possible differences between melon and cucumber in this respect are still open. The general goal of the project was to elucidate the role of ethylene in determining flower sex in Cucumis species, melon and cucumber. The specific Objectives were: 1. Clone and characterize expression patterns of cucumber genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. 2. Genetic mapping of cloned genes and markers with respect to sex loci in melon and cucumber. 3. Produce and analyze transgenic melons altered in ethylene production or perception. In the course of the project, some modifications/adjustments were made: under Objective 2 (genetic mapping) a set of new mapping populations had to be developed, to allow better detection of polymorphism. Under Objective 3, cucumber transformation systems became available to us and we included this second model species in our plan. The main findings of our study support the pivotal role of ethylene in cucumber and melon sex determination and later stages of reproductive development. Modifying ethylene production resulted in profound alteration of sex patterns in melon: femaleness increased, and also flower maturation and fruit set were enhanced, resulting in earlier, more concentrated fruit yield in the field. Such effect was previously unknown and could have agronomic value. Our results also demonstrate the great importance of ethylene sensitivity in sex expression. Ethylene perception genes are expressed in sex-related patterns, e.g., gynoecious lines express higher levels of receptor-transcripts, and copper treatments that activate the receptor can increase femaleness. Transgenic cucumbers with increased expression of an ethylene receptor showed enhanced femaleness. Melons that expressed a defective receptor produced fewer hermaphrodite flowers and were insensitive to exogenous ethylene. When the expression of defective receptor was restricted to specific floral whorls, we saw that pistils were not inhibited by the blocked perception at the fourth whorl. Such unexpected findings suggest an indirect effect of ethylene on the affected whorl; it also points at interesting differences between melon and cucumber regarding the mode of action of ethylene. Such effects will require further study. Finally, our project also generated and tested a set of novel genetic tools for finer identification of sex determining genes in the two species and for efficient breeding for these characters. Populations that will allow easier linkage analysis of candidate genes with each sex locus were developed. Moreover, effects of modifier genes on the major femaleness trait were resolved. QTL analysis of femaleness and related developmental traits was conducted, and a comprehensive set of Near Isogenic Lines that differ in specific QTLs were prepared and made available for the private and public research. Marker assisted selection (MAS) of femaleness and fruit yield components was directly compared with phenotypic selection in field trials, and the relative efficiency of MAS was demonstrated. Such level of genetic resolution and such advanced tools were not used before to study these traits, that act as primary yield components to determine economic yields of cucurbits. In addition, this project resulted in the establishment of workable transformation procedures in our laboratories and these can be further utilized to study the function of sex-related genes in detail.

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Schomberg, David W. Co-expression of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor and Stem Cell Markers: A Novel Approach to Target Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574853.

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Sadka, Avi, Mikeal L. Roose, and Yair Erner. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Citric Acid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573071.bard.

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The acid content of the juice sac cells is a major determinant of maturity and fruit quality in citrus. Many citrus varieties accumulate acid in concentrations that exceed market desires, reducing grower income and consumer satisfaction. Pulp acidity is thought to be dependent on two mechanisms: the accumulation of citric acid in the vacuoles of the juice sac cells, and acidification of the vacuole. The major aim of the project was to direct effort toward understanding the mechanism of citric acid accumulation in the fruit. The following objectives were suggested: Measure the activity of enzymes likely to be involved in acid accumulation and follow their pattern of expression in developing fruit (Sadka, Erner). Identify and clone genes which are associated with high and low acid phenotypes and with elevated acid level (Roose, Sadka, Erner). Convert RAPD markers that map near a gene that causes low acid phenotype to specific co dominant markers (Roose). Use genetic co segregation to test whether specific gene products are responsible for low acid phenotype (Roose and Sadka). Objective 1 was fully achieved. Most of the enzymes of organic acid metabolism were cloned from lemon pulp. Their expression was studied during fruit development in low and high acid varieties. The activity and expression of citrate synthase, aconitase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) were studied in detail. The role that each enzyme plays in acid accumulation and decline was evaluated. As a result, a better understanding of the metabolic changes that contribute to acid accumulation was achieved. It was found that the activity of the mitochondrial aconitase is greatly reduced early in high-acid fruits, but not in acidless ones, suggesting that this enzyme plays an important role in acid accumulation. In addition, it was demonstrated that increases in the cytosolic forms of aconitase and NADP-IDH towards fruit maturation play probably a major role in acid decline. Our studies also demonstrated that the two mechanisms that contribute to fruit acidity, vacuolar acidification and citric acid accumulation, are independent, although they are tightly co-regulated. Additional, we demonstrated that sodium arsenite, which reduce fruit acidity, causes a transient inhibition in the activity of citrate synthase, but an induction in the gene expression. This part of the work has resulted in 4 papers. Objective 3 was also fully achieved. Using bulked segregant analysis, three random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were identified as linked to acitric, a gene controlling the acidless phenotype of pummelo 2240. One of them, which mapped 1.2 cM from acitric was converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR marker, and into co dominant restriction length polymorphism (RFLP) marker. These markers were highly polymorphic among 59 citrus accessions, and therefore, they should be useful for selecting seedling progeny heterozygous for acitric in nearly all crosses between pummelo 2240 and other citrus genotypes. This part of the project resulted in one paper. Objective 4 was also fully achieved. Clones isolated by the Israeli group were sent to the American laboratory for co segregation analysis. However, none of them seemed to co segregate with the low acid phenotype. Both laboratories invested much effort in achieving the goals of Objective 2, namely the isolation of genes that are elevated in expression in low and high acid phenotypes, and in tissue cultures treated with arsenite (a treatment which reduces fruit acidity). However, conventional differential display and restriction fragment differential display analyses could not identify any differentially expressed genes. The isolation of such genes was the major aim of a continuation project, which was recently submitted.

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Barefoot, Susan F., Bonita A. Glatz, Nathan Gollop, and Thomas A. Hughes. Bacteriocin Markers for Propionibacteria Gene Transfer Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573993.bard.

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The antibotulinal baceriocins, propionicin PLG-1 and jenseniin G., were the first to be identified, purified and characterized for the dairy propionibaceria and are produced by Propionibacterium thoenii P127 and P. thoenii/jensenii P126, respectively. Objectives of this project were to (a) produce polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1; (b) identify, clone and characterize the propionicin PLG-1 (plg-1) and jenseniin G (jnG) genes; and (3) develop gene transfer systems for dairy propionibacteria using them as models. Polyclonal antibodies for detection, comparison and monitoring of propionicin PLG-1 were produced in rabbits. Anti-PLG-1 antiserum had high titers (256,000 to 512,000), neutralized PLG-1 activity, and detected purified PLG-1 at 0.10 mg/ml (indirect ELISA) and 0.033 mg/ml (competitive indirect ELISA). Thirty-nine of 158 strains (most P. thoenii or P. jensenii) yielded cross-reacting material; four strains of P. thoenii, including two previously unidentified bacteriocin producers, showed biological activity. Eight propionicin-negative P127 mutants produced neither ELISA response nor biological activity. Western blot analyses of supernates detected a PLG-1 band at 9.1 kDa and two additional protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 16.2 and 27.5 kDa. PLG-1 polyclonal antibodies were used for detection of jenseniin G. PLG-1 antibodies neutralized jenseniin G activity and detected a jenseniin G-sized, 3.5 kDa peptide. Preliminary immunoprecipitation of crude preparations with PLG-1 antibodies yielded three proteins including an active 3-4 kDa band. Propionicin PLG-1 antibodies were used to screen a P. jensenii/thoenii P126 genomic expression library. Complete sequencing of a cloned insert identified by PLG-1 antibodies revealed a putative response regulator, transport protein, transmembrane protein and an open reading frame (ORF) potentially encoding jenseniin G. PCR cloning of the putative plg-1 gene yielded a 1,100 bp fragment with a 355 bp ORF encoding 118 amino acids; the deduced N-terminus was similar to the known PLG-1 N-terminus. The 118 amino acid sequence deduced from the putative plg-1 gene was larger than PLG-1 possibly due to post-translational processing. The product of the putative plg-1 gene had a calculated molecular weight of 12.8 kDa, a pI of 11.7, 14 negatively charged residues (Asp+Glu) and 24 positively charged residues (Arg+Lys). The putative plg-1 gene was expressed as an inducible fusion protein with a six-histidine residue tag. Metal affinity chromatography of the fused protein yielded a homogeneous product. The fused purified protein sequence matched the deduced putative plg-1 gene sequence. The data preliminarily suggest that both the plg-1 and jnG genes have been identified and cloned. Demonstrating that antibodies can be produced for propionicin PLG-1 and that those antibodies can be used to detect, monitor and compare activity throughout growth and purification was an important step towards monitoring PLG-1 concentrations in food systems. The unexpected but fortunate cross-reactivity of PLG-1 antibodies with jenseniin G led to selective recovery of jenseniin G by immunoprecipitation. Further refinement of this separation technique could lead to powerful affinity methods for rapid, specific separation of the two bacteriocins and thus facilitate their availability for industrial or pharmaceutical uses. Preliminary identification of genes encoding the two dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins must be confirmed; further analysis will provide means for understanding how they work, for increasing their production and for manipulating the peptides to increase their target species. Further development of these systems would contribute to basic knowledge about dairy propionibacteria and has potential for improving other industrially significant characteristics.

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Paran, Ilan, and Molly Jahn. Analysis of Quantitative Traits in Pepper Using Molecular Markers. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7570562.bard.

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Original objectives: The overall goal of the proposal was to determine the genetic and molecular control of pathways leading to the production of secondary metabolites determining major fruit quality traits in pepper. The specific objectives were to: (1) Generate a molecular map of pepper based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. (2) Map QTL for capsaicinoids content (3) Determine possible association between capsaicinoids and carotenoid content and structural genes for capsaicinoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. (4) Map QTL for quantitative traits controlling additional fruit traits. (5) Map fruit-specific ESTs and determine possible association with fruit QTL (6) Map the C locus that determines the presence and absence of capsaicinoids in pepper fruit and identify candidate genes for C. Background: Pungency, color, fruit shape and fruit size are among the most important fruit quality characteristics of pepper. Despite the importance of the pepper crop both in the USA and Israel, the genetic basis of these traits was only little known prior to the studies conducted in the present proposal. In addition, molecular tools for use in pepper improvement were lacking. Major conclusions and achievements: Our studies enabled the development of a saturated genetic map of pepper that includes numerous simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and the integration of several independent maps into a single resource map that consists of over 2000 markers. Unlike previous maps that consisted mostly of tomato-originated RFLP markers, the SSR-based map consists of largely pepper markers. Therefore, the SSR and integrated maps provide ample of tools for use in marker-assisted selection for diverse targets throughout the Capsicum genome. We determined the genetic and molecular bases of qualitative and quantitative variation of pungency, the most unique characteristics of pepper fruit. We mapped and subsequently cloned the Pun1 gene that serves as a master key for capsaicinoids accumulation and showed that it is an acyltransferase. By sequencing the Pun1 gene in pungent and non-pungent cultivars we identified a deletion that abolishes the expression of the gene in the latter cultivars. We also identified QTLs that control capsaicinoids content and therefore pungency level. These genes will allow pepper breeders to manipulate the level of pungency for specific agricultural and industrial purposes. In addition to pungency we identified genes and QTLs that control other key developmental processes of fruit development such as color, texture and fruit shape. The A gene controlling anthocyanin accumulation in the immature fruit was found as the ortholog of the petunia transcription factor Anthocyanin2. The S gene required for the soft flesh and deciduous fruit nature typical of wild peppers was identified as the ortholog of tomato polygalacturonase. We identified two major QTLs controlling fruit shape, fs3.1 and fs10.1, that differentiate between elongated and blocky and round fruit shapes, respectively. Scientific and agricultural implications: Our studies allowed significant advancement of our understanding at the genetic and molecular levels of important processes of pepper fruit development. Concomitantly to gaining biological knowledge, we were able to develop molecular tools that can be implemented for pepper improvement.

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