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Статті в журналах з теми "Marine algal toxins"
JAMES, K. J., B. CAREY, J. O'HALLORAN, F. N. A. M. van PELT, and Z. ŠKRABÁKOVÁ. "Shellfish toxicity: human health implications of marine algal toxins." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 7 (April 23, 2010): 927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810000853.
Повний текст джерелаReis Costa. "Advances and Current Challenges in Marine Biotoxins Monitoring." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090302.
Повний текст джерелаAune, T. "Testing for Algal Toxins In Vitro." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 14, no. 3 (March 1987): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298701400315.
Повний текст джерелаEchevarria, Michael L., and Alison R. Taylor. "Marine algal neurotoxins: Pandora's box or panacea?" Biochemist 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03303014.
Повний текст джерелаDolah, Frances M. van, and John S. Ramsdell. "Review and Assessment of In Vitro Detection Methods for Algal Toxins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 5 (September 1, 2001): 1617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.5.1617.
Повний текст джерелаBouchouar, Etran, Samantha Bruzzese, Chelsea Pyles, and Kate Stechyshyn. "Shellfish toxins a public health concern for Canadians." Environmental Health Review 57, no. 01 (March 1, 2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2014-013.
Повний текст джерелаSelander, E., E. C. Berglund, P. Engström, F. Berggren, J. Eklund, S. Harðardóttir, N. Lundholm, W. Grebner, and M. X. Andersson. "Copepods drive large-scale trait-mediated effects in marine plankton." Science Advances 5, no. 2 (February 2019): eaat5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat5096.
Повний текст джерелаMEDLIN, LINDA K., MARINA MONTRESOR, EDNA GRANELI, BEATRIX REUGERA, ROBIN RAINE, BENTE EDVARDSEN, JANE LEWIS, CHRIS ELLIOTT, YOLANDA PAZOS, and LUCIE MARANDA. "MIDTAL (Microarrays for the Detection of Toxic Algae)." Phytotaxa 127, no. 1 (August 29, 2013): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.19.
Повний текст джерелаCorriere, Mauro, Lucía Soliño, and Pedro Reis Costa. "Effects of the Marine Biotoxins Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxins on Fish." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 7, 2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030293.
Повний текст джерелаPlumley, F. Gerald. "Marine algal toxins: Biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology." Limnology and Oceanography 42, no. 5part2 (July 1997): 1252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1252.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Marine algal toxins"
Takahashi, Eri. "Risk Assessment of Marine Algal Toxins on Humans and Dugongs." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367296.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Faculty of Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Armstrong, Howard Meredith Dana Armstrong Howard Meredith Dana. "Harmful algal blooms on the U.S. west coast : new insights into domoic acid production and identification of yessotoxin, a new marine toxin detected in California coastal waters /." Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Повний текст джерелаBarreras, Garcia Alvaro. "Food safety: developement of new methods for marine algal toxins detection." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8644.
Повний текст джерелаSUMMARY Biotoxins produced by harmful algae during their proliferation can be accumulated by filter feeding organisms, such as bivalve shellfish, within their flesh. Furthermore, these toxins gradually are transferred to the higher trophic levels in the food chain, posing a threat to human health, after consumption of contaminated seafood. Filter-feeding invertebrates are organisms in which the toxin accumulation is a well-known phenomenon, especially during harmful algal blooms. Mussels, cockles, oysters, and scallops feed on toxic dinoflagellates, transferring them from the gills to digestive organs where the toxins accumulate. Different algal toxins can simultaneously contaminate edible shellfish, representing a world-wide sanitary and economic problem. Among them, Palytoxin (PLTX) is a highly toxic polyhydroxylated compound associated to human seafood intoxications in tropical and subtropical areas, but recently it has been detected also in microalgae and shellfish from temperate areas, as Mediterranean Sea. In the last years, also Yessotoxin (YTX) was frequently detected in mussels from Mediterranean Sea and a possible co-exposure to both PLTX and YTX can occur through contaminated seafood consumption. Therefore, the research was initially focused on the detection and quantification of PLTX and YTX in mussels collected in the Gulf of Trieste in order to verify the simultaneous shellfish contamination by these toxins and, subsequently, to study their toxic effects after simultaneous oral exposure. Analyses by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS) did not reveal the presence of PLTX in mussels but identified the presence of YTX together with the diarrheic toxins okadaic acid (OA) and its acyl esters. Consequently, the final goal of this part of the research was the determination of these toxins in mussels from the Gulf of Trieste by LC-MS as well as that of OA and its esters by a functional assay, the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibition assay (comparing the results obtained from two different protocols for the PP2A assay). These assays were used to analyse both cooked and uncooked mussel samples, to verify the influence of the heating procedure on the toxin content of mussels. Globally, no significant difference in toxins concentration between uncooked and cooked mussels was observed. However, comparing the data of single samples, a slight increase (not statistically significant) of toxin concentrations was detected in the cooked mussels with respect to the uncooked ones. The mussel analysis by LC-MS/MS detected also the presence of significant amounts of yessotoxin. Contrary to OA group toxins, yessotoxin was slightly less concentrated in the cooked mussels, probably because of its higher polarity that allows a dissolution in the water lost during the cooking procedure. In the other hand and as it was mentioned before, the palytoxin produced by Ostreopsis sps. microalgae have become a problem in more occasions for the attendance of the coastal environment, both for recreation and for business, representing a loss, as well as to public health, even for the tourism and the aquaculture industry. World market globalization, climatic changes and increasing overseas traffic are considered the main responsible for the appearance of these toxins. The expand of these toxins to temperate regions may be due in part to ballast water of ships and also to general changes in climate conditions, enough to induce bloom formation. Despite the extent of the contaminated area, few methods are currently available for palytoxins detection and quantitation in seafood. Moreover, among palytoxins, only palytoxin is commercially available, though expensive, and no certified standard material is currently sold. For monitoring purposes, a combination of screening methods followed by a chemical confirmatory analysis, such as LC-MS, is commonly used to detect palytoxins. Other methods for PLTX analysis include mouse bioassay, cytotoxicity assays, haemolysis assays, receptor binding assays, and immunoassays. Even if there were no food poisoning from palytoxin in the Mediterranean countries, the toxin was detected in shellfish, which gave positivity to the official test for the lipophilic toxins of algal origin (okadaic acid and derivatives, azaspiracids, yessotoxins and pectenotoxins). Some different experiments were applied in the evaluation of palytoxin toxicity in this study (Haemolytic assay, sandwich ELISA, LC-MS/MS and cytotoxicity studies were carried out). Haemolytic assay, carried out incubating mouse erythrocytes with palytoxin for 4 h (standard assay) or for 1 h in diluted PBS (abbreviated assay) is able to detect palytoxin at picomolar concentrations. Nevertheless, with the aim to detect the toxin in mussels, a significant matrix effect impairing the toxin quantification was observed already at the mussel extract concentration of 0.048 mg edible tissues equivalents/mL, which was more evident by the abbreviated assay. However, most of the experiments lack specificity or have other limitations. Thus, an indirect sandwich ELISA has been set up. The ELISA assay (indirect sandwich) was developed using the monoclonal antibody 73D3, and a rabbit polyclonal antibody produced at the University of Trieste. The assay detects the PLTX in a range of concentrations ranging from 1.25 to 40 ng/ml and is able to quantify with very similar sensitivity also biotinilated PLTX as well as 42-OH-PLTX, this latter isolated and characterized from the chemical point of view during the latter years from the group of prof. E. Fattorusso (University of Naples Federico II), in a sample of palytoxin kindly provided by Dr. M. Poly (Maryland, USA). The incapacity to detect okadaic acid (OA), domoic acid (DA), brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3), saxitoxin (STX) and yessotoxin (YTX)(toxins that may be present along with PLTX in fish contaminated) indicates the specificity of the assay. The structure of Palytoxins is very complex. In addition to this structural complexity, there is still a lack of knowledge about the different congeners involved in this contamination and therefore there is still a very limited availability of standards and reference materials. These issues made difficult the advances in the development and optimization of analytical methods, particularly in the case of LC-MS/MS. Despite of this, a significant progress has been made over the last few years in the development of analytical techniques, particularly on LC-MS/MS approaches. In this part of the study, a LC-MS/MS method was optimized for the analysis of PLTXs in order to be able to detect, quantify and confirm the presence of this toxins in natural samples. During the PhD period, there was the possibility to get some natural contaminated samples to be evaluated by ELISA developed assay and then compare the results with the analysis by the developed LC-MS/MS method. The study was carried out with samples from 3 distinct sites characterized by having different coastal morphologies and continental hydrodynamic conditions: i) Madeira Islands’ archipelago in the NE Atlantic Ocean, Selvagens island in particular (Long, Lat) during the upwelling of August 2008; ii) Cascais, on the west coast of Portugal mainland, located at the northern side of Lisbon bay during the upwelling occurred during the favourable northerly wind periods (from April to September 2011); and iii) Algarve, Lagos, on the South Portuguese coast, also in 2011.
RIASSUNTO Biotossine prodotte da alghe nocive durante la loro proliferazione possono essere accumulati da organismi di alimentazione per filtrazione, come molluschi bivalvi, nell'ambito della loro carne. Inoltre, queste tossine vengono trasferite gradualmente ai livelli trofici superiori della catena alimentare, che rappresenta una minaccia per la salute umana, dopo il consumo di frutti di mare contaminati. Invertebrati con filtro-alimentazione sono organismi in cui l'accumulo di tossine, è un fenomeno ben noto, soprattutto durante fioriture algali nocive. Cozze, vongole, ostriche e capesante si nutrono di dinoflagellati tossici, trasferendoli dalle branchie agli organi digestivi, dove le tossine si accumulano. Diverse tossine algali possono contemporaneamente contaminare molluschi commestibili, che rappresenta un problema mondiale sanitario ed economico. Tra questi, Palitossina (PLTX) è un composto altamente tossico poliossidrilato associato ad intossicazioni ittici dell'uomo nelle zone tropicali e subtropicali, ma recentemente è stato rilevato anche in microalghe e molluschi dalle zone temperate, come il Mare Mediterraneo. Negli ultimi anni, anche yessotossina (YTX) è stato spesso rilevato nei mitili dal Mare Mediterraneo e una possibile co-esposizione sia PLTX e YTX può avvenire attraverso il consumo di frutti di mare contaminati. Pertanto, la ricerca è stata inizialmente concentrata sul rilevamento e la quantificazione di PLTX e YTX nei mitili raccolti nel Golfo di Trieste, al fine di verificare la contaminazione simultanea nei frutti di mare da queste tossine e, in seguito, per studiare i loro effetti tossici dopo esposizione orale simultanea. Analisi mediante cromatografia liquida accoppiata alla spettrometria di massa (LC-MS) non ha rivelato la presenza di PLTX in mitili ma è stata identificata la presenza di YTX insieme alle tossine diarroiche acido okadaico (AO) e suoi esteri. Di conseguenza, l'obiettivo finale di questa parte della ricerca è stata la determinazione di queste tossine nei mitili del Golfo di Trieste mediante LC-MS così come quella di AO e suoi esteri da un saggio funzionale, il Saggio d’inibizione Proteina Fosfatasi 2A (PP2A)(confrontando i risultati ottenuti da due diversi protocolli per il saggio PP2A). Questi test sono stati utilizzati per l'analisi di campioni di mitili sia crude e cotte, per verificare l'influenza della procedura di riscaldamento sul contenuto di tossina nei mitili. A livello globale, nessuna differenza significativa nella concentrazione di tossine tra cozze crude e cotte è stata osservata. Tuttavia, confrontando i dati dei singoli campioni, un lieve aumento (non statisticamente significativo) delle concentrazioni di tossine è stato rilevato nelle cozze cotte rispetto a quelli crude. L'analisi dei mitili per LC-MS/MS rilevò anche la presenza di quantità significativa di yessotossina. Contrariamente alle tossine gruppo OA, yessotossina era leggermente meno concentrata nelle cozze cotte, probabilmente a causa della sua polarità superiore che permette una dissoluzione in acqua persa durante la cottura. Altrimenti e come è stato detto prima, la palitossina prodotta da Ostreopsis sps. microalghe sono diventate un problema in più occasioni per la partecipazione dell'ambiente costiero, sia per la ricreazione e per le imprese, con una perdita, così come per la salute pubblica, anche per il turismo e l'industria dell'acquacoltura. Globalizzazione del mercato mondiale, i cambiamenti climatici e l'aumento del traffico all'estero sono considerati il principale responsabile della comparsa di queste tossine. L'espansione di queste tossine per le regioni temperate può essere dovuto in parte alla acque di zavorra delle navi e anche a cambiamenti delle condizioni climatiche generali, tanto da indurre la formazione di fioritura. Nonostante e dovuto alla estensione dell'area contaminata, alcuni metodi sono disponibili per il rilevamento e la quantificazione di palitossina in frutti di mare. Inoltre, tra palitossine, solo palitossina è disponibile in commercio, anche se costoso, e nessun materiale standard certificato è attualmente venduto. A scopo di monitoraggio, una combinazione di metodi di screening seguita da una analisi chimica di conferma, ad esempio LC-MS, è comunemente utilizzato per rilevare palitossine. Altri metodi di analisi includono PLTX biotest sui topi, saggi di citotossicità, saggi emolici, saggi di legame al recettore e saggi immunologici. Anche se non ci sono stati identificate intossicazione alimentare da palitossina nei paesi del Mediterraneo, la tossina è stata rilevata nei molluschi, che ha dato positività al test ufficiale per le tossine lipofile di origine algale (acido okadaico e derivati, azaspiracidi, yessotossine e pectenotossine). Alcuni esperimenti diversi sono stati applicati nella valutazione della tossicità della palitossina in questo studio (saggio emolitico, ELISA, LC-MS/MS e studi di citotossicità sono state effettuate). Saggio emolitico, effettuato incubando eritrociti di topo con palitossina per 4 h (saggio standard) o per 1 h in PBS diluito (saggio abbreviato) è in grado di rilevare la palitossina a concentrazioni picomolari. Tuttavia, con lo scopo di rilevare la tossina nelle cozze, un significativo effetto matrice ledere la quantificazione di tossina è stata osservata già alla concentrazione di estratto di cozze 0,048 mg equivalenti tessuti commestibili/mL, che è stato più evidente con il saggio abbreviato. Tuttavia, per la maggior parte degli esperimenti mancano specificità o hanno altre limitazioni. Così, un indiretto sandwich ELISA è stato istituito. Il saggio ELISA (sandwich indiretto) è stato sviluppato utilizzando gli 73D3 anticorpi monoclonali, e un anticorpo policlonale di coniglio prodotto nella Università di Trieste. Il saggio rileva la PLTX in un intervallo di concentrazioni variabili 1,25-40 ng / ml ed è in grado di quantificare con sensibilità molto simile anche PLTX biotinilata così come 42-OH-PLTX, quest'ultimo isolata e caratterizzata dal punto di vista chimico durante gli ultimi anni dal gruppo del prof. E. Fattorusso (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II), in un campione di palitossina gentilmente fornito dal Dr. M. Poli (Maryland, USA). L'incapacità di individuare acido okadaico (AO), acido domoico (AD), brevetossina-3 (PbTx-3), saxitossina (STX) e yessotossina (YTX) (tossine che possono essere presenti insieme a PLTX nel pesce contaminato) indica la specificità del dosaggio. La struttura della palitossina è molto complessa. In aggiunta a questa complessità strutturale, vi è ancora una mancanza di conoscenza sui diversi congeneri coinvolti in questa contaminazione e quindi c'è ancora molto limitata disponibilità di standard e materiali di riferimento. Questi problemi reso difficili gli progressi nello sviluppo e ottimizzazione di metodi analitici, in particolare nel caso di LC-MS/MS. Nonostante, un progresso significativo è stato compiuto negli ultimi anni allo sviluppo di tecniche analitiche, in particolare su approcci LC-MS/MS. In questa parte dello studio, un metodo LC-MS/MS stato ottimizzato per l'analisi di PLTXs per essere in grado di rilevare, quantificare e confermare la presenza di queste tossine in campioni naturali. Durante il periodo di dottorato di ricerca, c’è stata la possibilità di ottenere alcuni campioni naturali contaminati da valutare tramite il saggio ELISA sviluppato e poi confrontare i risultati con l'analisi con il metodo sviluppato di LC-MS/MS. Lo studio è stato effettuato con campioni da 3 posti diversi caratterizzati d’avere diverse morfologie e condizioni idrodinamiche costiere continentali: i) arcipelago Isole Madeira nel nord-orientale dell'Oceano, Selvagens isola in particolare durante il mese di agosto 2008; ii) Cascais, sulla costa occidentale del Portogallo continentale, che si trova sul lato settentrionale della baia di Lisbona durante i periodi favorevoli di vento dal nord (da aprile a settembre 2011), e iii) Algarve, Lagos, sulla costa sud-portoghesa, anche nel 2011.
XXV Ciclo
1983
Harper, Terry L. "Improved methods of detection for the difficult to identify marine toxin, Okadaic acid /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/harpert/terryharper.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLail, Erin M. "Biogeochemical cycling of domoic acid and its isomers in the ocean /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/laile/erinlail.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSemones, Molly C. "Regulation and Testing for Marine Biotoxins." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1283867789.
Повний текст джерелаSuarez, Ulloa Maria Victoria. "Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Responses to Environmental Stress in Marine Bivalves with a Focus on Harmful Algal Blooms." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3461.
Повний текст джерелаZimmermann, Leigh A. "Environmental regulation of toxin production : comparison of hemolytic activity of Amphidinium carterae and Amphidinium klebsii /." Electronic version (PDF), 2006. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2006/zimmermannl/leighzimmermann.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTruxal, Laura T. "Characterization of novel compounds isolated from Karenia brevis cultures." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/rp/truxall/lauratruxal.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPande, Nilesh Navalkishor. "Interactions between the toxic alga, Alexandrium fundyense, and its bacterial associates stimulation, inhibition, and specificity /." Restricted access (UM), 2008. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from PDF title page. Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-66). Also issued in print.
Книги з теми "Marine algal toxins"
Egmond, H. P. van. Marine biotoxins. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBates, Stephen S. Proceedings of the workshop on harmful algae research in the DFO Maritimes Region. Dartmouth, N.S: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Maritimes Region, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерелаBotana, Luis M. Phycotoxins: Chemistry and biochemistry. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015.
Знайти повний текст джерелаM, Botana Luis, ed. Phycotoxins: Chemistry and biochemistry. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub. Professional, 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерелаOllivro, André. Le scandale des algues vertes. Paris: Temps, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерелаInternational Conference on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton (6th 1993 Nantes, France). Harmful marine algal blooms =: Proliférations d'algues marines nuisibles : proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, October 1993, Nantes, France. Paris: Lavoisier Pub., 1995.
Знайти повний текст джерелаColloque sur les biotoxines marines (1991 Paris, France). Actes du Colloque sur les biotoxines marines: Paris, 30-31 janvier 1991 = Proceedings of Symposium on Marine Biotoxins. Edited by Fremy J. Marc and Centre National d'études vétérinaires et alimentaires (France). Maisons-Alfort, France: Centre National d'études vétérinaires et alimentaires, 1991.
Знайти повний текст джерелаCanadian Workshop on Harmful Marine Algae (6th 1998 St. Andrews, N.B.). Proceedings of the Sixth Canadian Workshop on Harmful Marine Algae. St. Andrews, N.B: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1999.
Знайти повний текст джерелаD, Turgeon Donna, and United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration., eds. Status of U.S. harmful algal blooms: Progress towards a national program. [Silver Spring? Md.]: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1997.
Знайти повний текст джерелаFaust, Maria A. Identifying harmful marine dinoflagellates. Washington, DC: Dept. of Systematic Biology - Botany, National Museum of Natural History, 2002.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Marine algal toxins"
Lopes, V. M., P. R. Costa, and R. Rosa. "Effects of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins on Marine Organisms." In Ecotoxicology of Marine Organisms, 42–88. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] | “A science publishers book.»: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22000-4.
Повний текст джерелаPenna, Antonella, and Luca Galluzzi. "PCR Techniques as Diagnostic Tools for the Identification and Enumeration of Toxic Marine Phytoplankton Species." In Algal Toxins: Nature, Occurrence, Effect and Detection, 261–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8480-5_12.
Повний текст джерелаCarmichael, Wayne W., Nik A. Mahmood, and Edward G. Hyde. "Natural Toxins from Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae)." In Marine Toxins, 87–106. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1990-0418.ch006.
Повний текст джерелаBulgariu, Laura, and Dumitru Bulgariu. "Bioremediation of Toxic Heavy Metals Using Marine Algae Biomass." In Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment, 69–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17724-9_4.
Повний текст джерелаTiffany, Mary A., Steven B. Barlow, Victoria E. Matey, and Stuart H. Hurlbert. "Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae), a potentially toxic alga in the Salton Sea, California." In Saline Lakes, 187–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2934-5_17.
Повний текст джерелаMeldahl, A. S., S. Eriksen, V. A. T. Thorsen, O. Sand, and F. Fonnum. "The Toxin of the Marine Alga Prymnesium Patelliferum Increases Cytosolic Ca2+ in Synaptosomes and Voltage Sensitive Ca2+-Currents in Cultured Pituitary Cells." In Biological Membranes: Structure, Biogenesis and Dynamics, 331–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78846-8_33.
Повний текст джерелаAidan Al-Hussieny, Ahmed. "Algae Toxins and Their Treatment." In Microalgae [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102909.
Повний текст джерелаM. Van Dolah, Frances. "Diversity of Marine and Freshwater Algal Toxins." In Seafood and Freshwater Toxins. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203909539.ch2.
Повний текст джерела"Impacts of algal toxins on marine mammals." In Toxicology of Marine Mammals, 259–81. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203165577-14.
Повний текст джерелаVan Dolah, Frances, Gregory Doucette, Frances Gulland, Teri Rowles, and Gregory Bossart. "Impacts of algal toxins on marine mammals." In New Perspectives: Toxicology and the Environment. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203165577.ch10.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Marine algal toxins"
Regan, F., J. Fitzgerald, C. Murphy, I. Maguire, and R. O'Kennedy. "Convenient ‘one-step’ extraction method for autonomous sensing of marine algal toxins." In OCEANS 2017 - Aberdeen. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2017.8084971.
Повний текст джерела