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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Mallard"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 30 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Mallard"

Gillespie, Grant D. "Hybridization, Introgression, and Morphometric Differentiation between Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and Grey Duck (Anas superciliosa) in Otago, New Zealand." Auk 102, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/102.3.459.

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Abstract Small numbers of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) were introduced into New Zealand from Great Britain and North America over 100 years ago. Both sexes have undergone differentiation in size and plumage characters as a consequence of hybridization with the indigenous Grey Duck (A. superciliosa). Pure forms of both species, as documented by early descriptions, appear to be disappearing, particularly the Grey Duck. In Otago, the Mallard and Grey Duck are introgressively hybridizing, and the majority of intergrades are Mallard-like in appearance. Separation of Mallards, hybrid birds, and Grey Ducks was achieved using a stepwise cluster analysis of mensural characters. The observed morphometric differentiation was not continuous throughout the Otago population, and a total of 5 discontinuities (groups of morphologically similar birds) were distinguished: male Mallards, female Mallards, Grey Ducks, and 2 groups of hybrid birds. The use of bivariate scattergrams of skull length and eye-lens weight provided the most useful illustration of the distinctions among Mallard, hybrid, and Grey Duck populations. As a consequence of hybridization, two morphologically distinct hybrid populations have been produced: one resembles the Grey Duck and the other the Mallard. This situation is discussed in relation to the two hybrid forms of the Marianas Mallard (A. oustaleti). The Mallard was so successful in newly created agricultural habitat that by 1958 this species constituted 53% of the Mallard-Grey Duck population. Prior to 1958 the observed hybrid frequency was less than 3% and the reduction in the proportion of the Grey Duck most probably was the result of habitat reduction. In 1977 the Mallard comprised 82% of the Mallard-Grey Duck population, and there was concern over the number of pure Grey Ducks remaining in Otago. By 1981-1982 levels of hybridization, based on plumage analysis, had reached 51%, and the proportion of pure Grey Ducks had dropped to 4.5%, which is below the level suggested for the maintenance of a species. In the absence of reproductive isolation or antihybridization mechanisms between these two species, the Mallard and hybrid populations represent a potential threat to the conservation of the New Zealand Grey Duck.

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Schummer, Michael L., John Simpson, Brendan Shirkey, Samuel R. Kucia, Philip Lavretsky, and Douglas C. Tozer. "Population genetics and geographic origins of mallards harvested in northwestern Ohio." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 15, 2023): e0282874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282874.

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The genetic composition of mallards in eastern North America has been changed by release of domestically-raised, game-farm mallards to supplement wild populations for hunting. We sampled 296 hatch-year mallards harvested in northwestern Ohio, October–December 2019. The aim was to determine their genetic ancestry and geographic origin to understand the geographic extent of game-farm mallard introgression into wild populations in more westward regions of North America. We used molecular analysis to detect that 35% of samples were pure wild mallard, 12% were early generation hybrids between wild and game-farm mallards (i.e., F1–F3), and the remaining 53% of samples were assigned as part of a hybrid swarm. Percentage of individuals in our study with some form of hybridization with game-farm mallard (65%) was greater than previously detected farther south in the mid-continent (~4%), but less than the Atlantic coast of North America (~ 92%). Stable isotope analysis using δ2Hf suggested that pure wild mallards originated from areas farther north and west than hybrid mallards. More specifically, 17% of all Ohio samples had δ2Hf consistent with more western origins in the prairies, parkland, or boreal regions of the mid-continent of North America, with 55%, 35%, and 10% of these being genetically wild, hybrid swarm, and F3, respectively. We conclude that continued game-farm introgression into wild mallards is not isolated to the eastern population of mallards in North America, and may be increasing and more widespread than previously detected. Mallards in our study had greater incidence of game-farm hybridization than other locales in the mid-continent but less than eastern North American regions suggesting further need to understand game-farm mallard genetic variation and movement across the continent.

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Samsonov, E. V., S. G. Shikhranov, and A. M. Samsonova. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE TIMING OF THE OPENING OF SUMMER-AUTUMN AMATEUR AND SPORTS HUNTING FOR WATERFOWL IN THE NORTH OF THE LOWER VOLGA." Scientific Life 16, no. 7 (2021): 945–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-945-959.

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In accordance with Russian legislation, the timing of hunting for game birds can be adjusted at the regional level. Biological justification can be crucial in determining the timing of the hunt, namely the timing of the start and end of the hunting season. Based on the registration of waterfowl, a biological justification for the timing of the opening of hunting in the summer-autumn and autumn-winter seasons is given. The studies were carried out in the Saratov region in the water area of the Volga River (Volgograd reservoir). A total of 7 surveys were carried out, the total length of the survey routes was 100.6 km. The dominant species in the brood period is the mallard. Shares of recorded birds: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L, 1758) - 96.6%, coot (Fulica atra L, 1758) - 2.5%, teal-cattle (Anas querquedula L, 1758) - 0.9%. The beginning of the mallard incubation period in 2020 is the first decade of May. The period of mass incubation of masonry by mallards is from the third decade of May to the second decade of June. The first mallard chicks appeared in the third decade of May. From the second decade of June to the second decade of July - the period of mass appearance of mallard chicks. The proportion of non-flying young mallards in the second decade of August was 33.3%, in the third decade of August - 28.3%. The end of the period of mass rise of young mallards "on the wing" took place in the first ten days of September, the proportion of non-flying young mallards in this period amounted to 4.3%. The increase in the number of mallards in the second and third ten days of July amounted to 142.0%. The beginning of the migratory summer-autumn period of 2020 (for species that do not tend to nest in the study area) fell on the first ten days of September. Biologically substantiated period for the opening of hunting in the summer-autumn and autumn-winter season is the first ten days of September (the share of non-flying young animals is less than 10%).

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Green, Andy J. "Comparative feeding behaviour and niche organization in a Mediterranean duck community." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 500–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-221.

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Feeding behaviour of the Marbled Teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris, Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos, Garganey, Anas querquedula, and Ferruginous Duck, Aythya nyroca, in the Göksu Delta, Turkey, was compared from 10 July to 6 August 1995. Almost all individuals observed were postbreeding adults and juveniles. Marbled Teal fed closest to the surface (mean depth within the water column 8.4 cm), chiefly by bill dipping (66%) and gleaning (14%). Garganey fed at a mean depth of 9.1 cm, mainly by bill dipping (57%) and neck dipping (35%). Mallards fed at greater depths (mean 31.8 cm), mainly by upending (tipping 46%) and neck dipping (41%). Ferruginous Ducks fed at the greatest depths (mean 38.4 cm), chiefly by diving (76%). Marbled Teal moved most frequently between feeding events and Mallards moved least frequently. As in previous studies of dabbling ducks, the largest species (Mallard) upended more and fed deeper in the water column. However, Mallards used shallower microhabitats than smaller dabbling ducks. Dabbling and diving duck guilds were not discernible in either horizontal (feeding habitat) or vertical (feeding behaviour) niche dimensions, and the Mallard and Ferruginous Duck were related in both dimensions. Niche overlaps between species pairs along the two dimensions were negatively correlated (r = -0.71, P = 0.12), supporting niche complementarity.

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Ankney, C. Davison, Darrell G. Dennis, Lisa N. Wishard, and James E. Seeb. "Low Genic Variation between Black Ducks and Mallards." Auk 103, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.4.701.

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Abstract We used allozyme electrophoresis to estimate the degree of genetic differentiation among allopatric and sympatric populations of American Black Ducks (Anas rubripes) and Mallards (A. platyrhynchos). Mallards were collected in California, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario, and Black Ducks were collected in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Ontario. The mean genetic distances, D̄, between Black Duck populations (0.0007), between Mallard populations (0.0010), and between Mallard and Black Duck populations (0.0006) were virtually identical; there was as much genetic differentiation within the two species as there was between them. Such small genetic distances are characteristic of local populations of avian species in other orders, and are consistent with what is known about the lack of reproductive isolation between Black Ducks and Mallards. Although the two taxa are still somewhat split on an east-west basis, our genetic data do not support even subspecific status for the Black Duck.

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Han, Dianlei, Hairui Liu, Zhiqian Tong, Jiahang Pan, and Xinzhong Wang. "Effects of the speed on the webbed foot kinematics of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)." PeerJ 11 (May 15, 2023): e15362. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15362.

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In this study, the effect of the speed on the webbed foot locomotion of the mallard was analyzed based on a considerable number of reliable indoor test data. Four adult male mallards were selected for analysis, and the locomotion speed of the mallard was controlled using the treadmill at an accurate and adjustable speed. The locomotion pattern of the webbed foot of the mallard at different speeds was recorded using a high-speed camera. The changes in the position and conformation of the webbed foot during locomotion on a treadmill were tracked and analyzed using Simi-Motion kinematics software. The results indicated that the stride length of the mallard increased, and the stance phase duration was shortened with the increase of the speed, whereas the swing phase duration did not vary significantly. The duty factor decreased with the increase of the mallard speed but not drop below to 0.5, because the mallards flew with their wings, or moved backward relative to the treadmill with the further increase of the speed. Using the energy method to further distinguish gait, and through the percentage of congruity analysis, it was found that between 0.73 and 0.93 m/s, the gait experienced a transition from walking to grounded running, with no significant changes in spatiotemporal parameters. At speeds between 0.93 and 1.6 m/s, mallards adopt a grounded running gait. The instantaneous changes of the tarsometatarso-phalangeal joint (TMTPJ) angle and the intertarsal joint (ITJ) angle at touch-down, mid-stance and lift-off concomitant with the change of the speed were examined with the TMTPJ and ITJ angle as the research objects. Moreover, the continuous changes of the joint angles were examined in a complete stride cycle. The result indicated that the increase of the speed will also make the TMTPJ and ITJ angle change ahead of time in a stride cycle, proving the shortened stance phase duration. The ITJ angle changed much more than the TMTPJ. Thus, the above result reveals that the mallard primarily responds with the increase of the speed by adjusting the ITJ, instead of the TMTPJ. The vertical displacement of the toe joint points and the toe joint angle was studied (α joint angle is between the second toe and the third toe; β joint angle is between the third toe and the fourth toe) with a complete stride cycle as the research object. The distal phalanxes of the second, third and fourth toes first contacted the ground, and the proximal phalanx touched the ground in turn during the early stance phase duration of the mallard, as indicated by the result of this study. However, the toes got off the ground in turn from the proximal phalanxes when the mallard foot got off the ground. With the decrease of the interphalangeal α and β joint angles, the foot web tended to be close and rapidly recovered before the next touch-down. The above result reveals that the webbed foot of the mallard is a coupling system that plays a role in the adjustment of speed.

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Pushkova, Alina E., and Ekaterina Yu Mosolova. "Urban mallard population (Anas platyrhynchos) in Saratov: Wintering, nesting, degree of synanthropization." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 23, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-4-479-490.

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The article reflects data on year-round studies of the urban mallard population in Saratov, allowing the assessment of the condition and the study of the factors influencing its formation. An estimate of the mallard population in the winter periods of 2020–2023 is presented. It is shown that the number negatively correlates with frosts and precipitation, and there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the number of people feeding ducks and the number of mallards. The state of the wintering and nesting population is assessed according to the index of synanthropization, the rate and path of penetration of the species into urbanized landscapes, and the stage of formation of the urban population in Saratov is determined. Adaptations of mallards to life in urban conditions and their impact on the ecology of the species as a whole are highlighted. The article emphasizes the need for further research on the impact of urbanization on mallard ecology and the benefits of this species for the urban ecosystem. The importance of monitoring population dynamics for its adaptation to the urban environment and maintaining the stability of the entire population is noted. In addition, the article provides a basis for further studies of the urban mallard population and can be a valuable source of information for the development of local programs for managing the available resources of ducks living in the park area of the city.

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Evseev, Danyel, and Katharine Magor. "Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6010005.

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Mallard ducks are important natural hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and many strains circulate in this reservoir and cause little harm. Some strains can be transmitted to other hosts, including chickens, and cause respiratory and systemic disease. Rarely, these highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cause disease in mallards, while chickens are highly susceptible. The long co-evolution of mallard ducks with influenza viruses has undoubtedly fine-tuned many immunological host–pathogen interactions to confer resistance to disease, which are poorly understood. Here, we compare innate responses to different avian influenza viruses in ducks and chickens to reveal differences that point to potential mechanisms of disease resistance. Mallard ducks are permissive to LPAI replication in their intestinal tissues without overtly compromising their fitness. In contrast, the mallard response to HPAI infection reflects an immediate and robust induction of type I interferon and antiviral interferon stimulated genes, highlighting the importance of the RIG-I pathway. Ducks also appear to limit the duration of the response, particularly of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Chickens lack RIG-I, and some modulators of the signaling pathway and may be compromised in initiating an early interferon response, allowing more viral replication and consequent damage. We review current knowledge about innate response mediators to influenza infection in mallard ducks compared to chickens to gain insight into protective immune responses, and open questions for future research.

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Bordjan, Dejan. "The Mallard Anas platyrhynchos in Slovenia: a review with an estimation of its current population." Acrocephalus 41, no. 186-187 (December 1, 2020): 69–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acro-2020-0006.

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Abstract Although the Mallard is one of the most numerous and best-studied waterbirds in the world, it received almost no attention in Slovenia. It is one of the most frequently observed waterbirds in our country, with frequency often reaching 100%. Sites with lower frequency either freeze in winter or have a low number of individuals to start with. The Mallard is also the most dominant species (17.5% and 89.0%) with higher dominance at sites less suitable for waterbirds due to the lack of available shoals. Mallards reach their maximum numbers during fall migration and winter. Spring migration has no discernible peak and has been significant only for Lake Cerknica. On shallow waters, the maximum is reached in August and September, a month before fall migration begins, indicating local movement to food-rich sites. Females make up only 36.7% of the observed Mallards and reach the maximum proportion (41.5%) in winter and the lowest in April and May (14.7%), when they nest. The breeding season in Slovenia lasts from mid-January to early December, with the majority of females rearing broods from April to July. Average brood size is 6.2 ± 2.66 and declines with season, age of young and altitude. It varies between habitat types and is highest on Treatment and Coastal Wetlands (7.3) and lowest on deep waters such as Reservoirs (5.7) and Lakes (5.6). No really high breeding densities were found in Slovenia and were similar to those in other countries. Breeding densities are higher on smaller Ponds (< 8 ha), on sites with isolated islands and breeding colonies of gulls and terns (e.g. Lake Ptuj). Breeding density also decreases with elevation. Slovenian breeding population is estimated at 1,473–3,763 bp and wintering population averages 22,237 (10,376–32,010) individuals. Data suggest a decline in the wintering population most likely due to warmer winters. The majority of Mallards winter in NE Slovenia, where eight of eleven sites have a maximum of more than 1,000 Mallards. Most Mallards winter on the Drava river with Ptuj and Ormož lakes, where the highest numbers of Mallards were also recorded (Lake Ptuj: 8,330 ind., Lake Ormož: 5,400 ind.). The highest number of individuals during spring migration was recorded on Lake Cerknica (4,581) and during autumn migration on Medvedce reservoir (3,379). Apart from standing waters, the highest density of wintering Mallards is found in urban sections of slow-flowing rivers, probably due to higher safety and food availability.72,731 Mallards were hunted between 2001 and 2018, mainly in NE Slovenia (28% in the Pomursko hunting management district). The number of Mallards hunted is declining in all hunting areas and has declined by 64% since 2001 and even more since the 1990s. According to hunt data, hunting is by far the most important cause of the Mallard mortality in Slovenia (97.4%), followed by predation (1.1%). The Mallard mortality in Slovenia is largely unstudied and natural mortality is most likely underestimated, not only because it does not include mortality in the pre-fledging period, a period with the lowest survival, but also because the detectability of natural mortality is considerably lower. In contrast to the hunted numbers, there have been only nine recoveries of ringed individuals from abroad in the last 100 years, suggesting that hunters may not be reporting recoveries to the ringing centre. Apart from the 1972–1975 period, when 87% of Mallards were ringed, the intensity of ringing of Mallards in Slovenia is low, resulting in only seven Mallards recovered abroad. The longest distance of a Mallard ringed in Slovenia comes from Ukraine (1,290 km), while the longest distance between ringing and recovery sites is 2,075 km from an individual ringed in Finland. The only colour morphs documented in Slovenia are Mallards with paler feathers, attributed to one of the colour aberrations resulting from lower melanin productivity. Only few hybrids and mixed pairings with other wild duck species were observed.

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Yetter, Aaron P., Joshua D. Stafford, Christopher S. Hine, Matthew W. Bowyer, Stephen P. Havera, and Michelle M. Horath. "Nesting Biology of Mallards in West-central Illinois." Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 39, no. 1-6 (September 30, 2009): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v39.95.

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The number of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) breeding in Illinois and eastern North America has increased in recent decades; however, few studies have investigated the nesting biology of Mallards outside primary production areas. Therefore, we radiomarked resident female Mallards (n = 148) in west-central Illinois during 1998–2003 to assess nesting parameters and evaluate recruitment. Mean initiation date for first nests ranged from 22 April to 6 May, and the majority (75%) of nests were initiated by 20 May. Therefore, the majority of nests were predicted to hatch by 24 June. The nesting season averaged 88 days (range: 77–103 days). The proportion of unsuccessful females that renested ranged from 50.0–85.7%, and adults were more likely to renest (75.0%) than yearlings (48.0%). Nest success ranged from 9.8–33.3% and was 19.6% overall; hen success was 28.3%. Initial brood size was 8.2 ± 0.3 ducklings, but brood size declined to 3.0 ± 0.6 ducklings by 17 days posthatch. Brood survival to 20 days was 0.759 ± 0.081, and 20-day duckling survival was 0.413 ± 0.035. Female survival during spring-summer ranged from 0.546–1.00 and averaged 0.710 ± 0.096. Likewise, estimated Mallard recruitment varied annually (range: 0.302–0.672 female ducklings/female). Assuming constant female and duckling survival, we estimated that a recruitment rate of 0.613 female ducklings/adult female was necessary to maintain a stable Mallard breeding population in west-central Illinois. Estimated Mallard reproduction and recruitment was similar to that observed in other areas of North America. Nest success and hen success approached or exceeded estimated thresholds for population stability in most years; however, hen success averaged over the study period was insufficient for local population maintenance and growth. Female survival was comparable to that observed in other studies but may have limited population growth in some years. Duckling survival was sufficient for population maintenance. Management designed to enhance hen success and brood habitat may augment Mallard recruitment in west-central Illinois.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Mallard"

Jöbsis, Paul D. "Muscle oxygenation and blood flow during submersion in ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and seals (phoca vitulina) /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907822.

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Davis, Jonas Ian. "Mallard nesting ecology in the Great Lakes." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-112947/.

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Lavretsky, Philip. "PHYLOGENETICS, POPULATION GENETICS, AND EVOLUTION OF THE MALLARD COMPLEX." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1400160673.

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Shimizu, Manabu. "Acid-base balance in arterial plasma of white Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos) during forced submergence and recovery." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25044.

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Acid-base balance in plasma was studied in forcibly submerged Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). All important variables determining acid-base balance (arterial CO₂ tension (PαCO₂) strong ion difference ([SID]) and total protein content which approximates total weak acid concentration in plasma) were measured. During forced submergence PαCO₂ increased and pHa steadily decreased with time. There was also an increase in [lactate⁻], which was accompanied by an increase of equal magnitude in [Na⁺]. There were no significant changes in the concentrations of other strong ions (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻). Strong ion difference did not change during the first two minutes of submergence, but there was about a 4 mequiv/L increase by the end of the four-minute dive. Theoretically an increase in [SID] should cause plasma to be alkaline, but since plasma became progressively acidic, this condition can only be due to the increase in PαCO₂. During recovery from dives, the plasma remained as acidic one minute after emersion as at the end of the dives. On the other hand, arterial pH slowly increased towards the pre-dive level during recovery. Arterial CO₂ tension decreased much more rapidly and was already at or below the pre-dive level one minute after emersion. Therefore, PαCO₂ could no longer affect plasma pH. There was, however, a great increase in [lactate-] in the first minute of recovery. Although [Na⁺] and [K⁺] were elevated, from pre-dive values after the four minute dive, the increase in [lactate⁻] resulted in a marked reduction in [SID]. Since there was no change in the total plasma protein content, the acidic condition observed in recovery could only be due to decreased [SID]. Breathing 0₂ before diving prevented circulatory adjustments and pH returned to pre-dive levels one minute after emersion, confirming that the acidic condition observed in recovery is a consequence of the lactate produced in the hypoperfused tissues during submergence.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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Drake, Anna. "Mallard duckling care and survival at a wildlife rehabilitation center." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31563.

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Birds are by far the largest group of wildlife cared for by wildlife rehabilitators in British Columbia, Canada. Of this group, mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are the fifth most common species brought into care. 41% of these mallards are uninjured orphans and require only supportive care until they begin to develop their flight feathers. Although these birds are precocial, and although heat and ad lib food and water are provided, deaths are common in the period between admission and release. An analysis of 937 individual ducklings representing 6 years of data from the Wildlife Rescue Association of British Columbia showed that these deaths are concentrated in the first week after birds are admitted. Logistic regression analyses showed that ducklings that were lighter, admitted with fewer siblings, and that spent longer with the individual who found them were more likely to die in the rehabilitator's care than other individuals. In an experiment, a single, older bird was added to novice broods to act as a "mentor" during the first week of care. Nine novice broods were split at admission and reared in two groups: one housed with a mentor and the other acting as a control. Body size metrics were collected at admission and again at the end of the first week in care, and ducklings in both groups were weighed twice daily during this time. There was no significant difference in mean growth or body condition between treatment and control groups and no experimental ducklings died during the first week. Treatment groups did, however, have less spread in final body weights, mainly because the final weight of the least-thriving individual in each treatment group was significantly greater than in corresponding control groups. The fact that no deaths occurred among the experimental broods in the first week indicates that the experimental housing was better for novice broods than standard facility housing. However, as low growth rates are associated with greater risk of death, the provision of mentors to new broods may reduce the number of birds dying in care where housing is less favorable.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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Cunningham, Emma Jane Ann. "Forced copulation and sperm competition in the mallard Anas platyrhynchos." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262851.

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Joyce, Peter. "The roles of heterogeneity and scale in mallard nest site selection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62764.pdf.

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Muller, Wiebke. "Hybridisation, and the Conservation of the Grey Duck in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5056.

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Hybridisation is increasingly acknowledged as a conservation problem. The widespread hybridisation between grey duck (Anas superciliosa) and mallard (A. platyrhynchos) in New Zealand is a good example of a native species hybridising with a foreign one, and forms the main focus of this thesis. Mallards were introduced into New Zealand from Europe, and hybrids were soon observed. I surveyed the extent of the hybridisation on the West Coast of the South Island and found that, based on phenotype, at least half of population is now hybrids. Mallards and mallard-like hybrids dominate in the eastern South Island, while grey ducks occur only in some areas of the West Coast. Comparison with historical data suggests that the decline of the grey duck and the spread of hybrids has not stabilised and is ongoing. Contrary to expectations most grey ducks were found on agricultural land and most mallards on natural lakes or rivers, so grey ducks probably do not have an advantage over mallards on the less developed West Coast. An alternative theory is proposed here that explains the spatial distribution of hybridisation as a reflection of a temporal pattern. As mallards were first released in the east, the delay taken to cross the Southern Alps could also explain the pattern observed. This hypothesis suggests that the grey duck will persist in the southern West Coast. An analysis of the phenotypes of partners in pairs suggests that mating is positively assortative within each species and within hybrids. In fact, not a single pair of pure grey duck mated with pure mallard was observed in almost a thousand pairs, raising the question of how hybridisation started. There was a tendency for males to be more mallard-like in phenotype than their partners, suggesting there might be a selective advantage to the mallard male phenotype. This may be one factor explaining the dominance of mallards in the hybrid swarm. To analyse hybridisation at the genetic level, I analysed samples from grey ducks, mallards and domestic ducks with 11 microsatellite loci. This genotyping profile was then compared to ducks captured and shot in New Zealand. Genetic analysis confirms that the ducks in New Zealand were almost exclusively of hybrid origin. Phenotypic hybrid scores correlated with the established genotypic scores, but the correlation was imperfect, suggesting inaccuracies in either or both measures. As the spread of hybrids might be due to the differences in their fitness relative to either parent species, I compared the relative fitness of hybrid ducks using a range of health-related measures such as ecto- and endoparasite loads, immunocompetence, body condition, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios. Overall, I found no conclusive evidence for any differences between grey duck-like and mallard-like individuals. However, as my sample consisted nearly entirely of hybrids, it is possible that fitness may differ from the parental species. To understand the outcome of hybridisation between two species, I next constructed a mathematical model to simulate hybridisation, and which allowed the specification of parameters describing mating patterns, differential survival, and differential reproductive output. The model successfully predicted the outcomes of two known hybridisation cases. In a sensitivity analysis for mallard and grey duck, the model predicted that this species pair is likely to hybridise under any set of conditions likely to be encountered across their shared range. Finally, in a study within the more general context of hybridisation, the influence of inbreeding on hybridisation rates was investigated using inbred and outbred lines of Drosophila species. I found evidence for increased hybridisation in inbred lines, and although further studies are needed to confirm the generality of this pattern, my results have implications for the management of hybridisation, and for the use of hybridisation as an adaptive strategy. In conclusion, my work suggests it is very likely that the grey duck will become extinct as a separate species in New Zealand in the near future, and that it is likely to be threatened in other areas of its range were it co-occurs with the mallard. The options for management of this situation are limited, as large areas without mallards are lacking. Captive breeding, or the management of grey duck populations on isolated islands appear the only feasible options. It seems unlikely that hybridisation can be reversed on the mainland, and a homogenous hybrid population is likely to eventually occupy the entire range of the grey duck across New Zealand.

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Lusimbo, Wanjala Simiyu. "Toxicity of Prudhoe Bay crude oil to mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) embryos." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/NQ43517.pdf.

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Kruse, Tamara. "Field Use of Alfaxalone and Potential Complications in Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrynchos)." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563491829618893.

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Книги з теми "Mallard"

Hale, Don. Mallard. Long Preston, England: Dales, 2009.

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Beer, Amy-Jane. Mallard ducks. Danbury, Conn: Grolier, 2008.

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Hédelin, Pascale. Face-to-face with the duck. Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge, 2005.

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Lipson, Joseph. On mallard feet: Poems. Toronto: A-Z Chapbooks, 2004.

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McIntosh, David. Mallard and the A4 class. Hersham: Ian Allan, 2008.

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Fisher, Jay David. Mandrake the wild mallard duck. Coeur d"Alene, ID: Oak Hills Books, 1991.

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Lawhead, Stephen. The tale of Timothy Mallard. Oxford, England: Lion Pub., 1990.

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Software, Locomotive, and Ed Phipps Documentation Services, eds. Mallard BASIC: Introduction and reference. Dorking: Locomotive Software, 1987.

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Software, Locomotive, and Ed Phipps Documentation Services, eds. Mallard BASIC: Introduction and reference. 2nd ed. Dorking: Locomotive Software, 1987.

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Nichols, James D. Population ecology of the mallard. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Mallard"

Guillemain, Matthieu, Pär Söderquist, Jocelyn Champagnon, and Johan Elmberg. "Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758)." In Invasive birds: global trends and impacts, 194–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242065.0194.

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Abstract This chapter describes the common terminologies, taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, physiology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, habitats, ecology, invasion pathways, environmental impact, control and human use of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos).

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Johannesen, Hege, and Claus Bech. "Respiratory Responses of the Mallard to External and Internal Cooling." In Physiology of Cold Adaptation in Birds, 173–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0031-2_18.

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Nummi, P., H. Pöysä, J. Elmberg, and K. Sjöberg. "Habitat distribution of the mallard in relation to vegetation structure, food, and population density." In Aquatic Birds in the Trophic Web of Lakes, 247–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1128-7_23.

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Lavretsky, Philip. "Population Genomics Provides Key Insights into Admixture, Speciation, and Evolution of Closely Related Ducks of the Mallard Complex." In Population Genomics, 295–330. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/13836_2020_76.

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Clemente, Tina S., and Chih-yu Shih. "Florencio Mallare." In China Studies in the Philippines, 193–200. Title: China studies in the Philippines : intellectual paths and the formation of a field / edited by Tina S. Clemente and Chih-yu Shih. Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge contemporary China series ; 197: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429508189-16.

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Leutner, Petra. "Stéphane Mallarmé." In Wege durch die Zeichen-Zone, 43–144. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03513-4_3.

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Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Mallory Bodies." In Functional Ultrastructure, 152–53. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_80.

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Wild, Gerhard. "Mallarmé, Stéphane." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_12996-1.

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Trautner, Tamara. "Stéphane Mallarmé." In Kindler Kompakt Französische Literatur 19. Jahrhundert, 138–41. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05516-3_18.

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Testenoire, Pierre-Yves. "Saussure/Mallarmé." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 129–42. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.127.09tes.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Mallard"

Watanabe, Takuma, Hirokazu Madokoro, Satoshi Yamamoto, Hanwool Woo, and Kazuhito Sato. "Development of a Prototype Mobile Robot for Mallard Navigation." In 2019 19th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/iccas47443.2019.8971681.

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Hashimoto, Masumi, Hirokazu Madokoro, Kanji Watanabe, Masayuki Nishiguchi, Satoshi Yamamoto, Hanwool Woo, and Kazuhito Sato. "Mallard Detection using Microphone Array and Delay-and-Sum Beamforming." In 2019 19th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/iccas47443.2019.8971736.

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Plessl, Christof. "Heavy Metals in the Mallard Anas platyrhynchos from Eastern Austria." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71123.

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Zhang, Xiong, and Philip J. Guo. "Mallard: Turn the Web into a Contextualized Prototyping Environment for Machine Learning." In UIST '19: The 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347936.

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Sivkova, T. N., and M. V. Khazova. "MORPHOMETRY OF CAPILLARIA EGGS IN THE MALLARD ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS (LINNAEUS, 1758) IN PERM." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.378-382.

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Wild waterfowl are a natural reservoir of helminths and put domestic ducks, geese and some other species at risk of infection; however, studies on the spread of endoparasites among them were conducted rarely in the Perm Territory. Despite successes in gene diagnostics, helminth species determination by morphological characteristics remains the basic approach. We took 51 fecal samples from the mallard Anas platyrhynchos (Linnaeus, 1758) that winters in Perm. Such samples were studied in the Laboratory of Parasitology, the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Technologies, the Perm State Agro-Technological University. We used the method of G. A. Kotelnikov and V. M. Khrenov with an ammonium nitrate solution, and sequential washing. The egg morphometric analysis was performed using the PhotoM 1.21 software (Russia). Among the total number of samples, eggs with Capillaria sp. morphology were found in 21 samples (prevalence, 41.18%). All identified eggs had the same parameters in size and length & width ratio, which indicates they belonged to one species. According to literature descriptions, they correspond to eggs of Capillaria (Eucoleus) annulata (Molin, 1858), which is potentially dangerous to poultry.

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"Angiosuppressive and Teratogenic Influence of an Edible Medicinal herb, Insulin plant (Costus igneus) in Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) Embryos." In Multi-Disciplinary Manila (Philippines) Conferences Jan. 26-27, 2017 Cebu (Philippines). Universal Researchers (UAE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/uruae.ae0117303.

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Sivkova, T. N., and D. A. Lokteva. "MICROMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PLANORBIS (MÜLLER, 1774) TISSUES IN EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH MIRACIDIA COTYLURUS SP. (SZIDAT, 1928)." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.373-377.

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During their life cycle at larval development stages, trematodes use various molluscs as their first intermediate host, migrate and reproduce asexually in them causing various responses in the form of degenerative changes and inflammatory processes. The purpose of our research was to study histological pattern of tissues in the first intermediate hosts in response to miracidia infection. For this purpose, we performed a histological study of tissue samples of trumpet snails of the genus Planorbis (Müller, 1774) experimentally infected with miracidia Cotylurus sp. isolated from the mallard Anas platyrhynchos (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Perm population and stained by two methods, hematoxylin and eosin, and PAS (periodic acid Schiff reaction). It was found that there were areas of granulation tissue formation in the muscular layer of the leg, which was indicative of the scarring in this organ after mechanical action. Miracidium was also found during migration accompanied by muscle fiber separation and edema development in adjacent tissues. The planorbids’ organism reaction to Cotylurus infection was similar to changes in other related gastropods in response to any infective agent, regardless of its location.

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K. Mohammed ALI, Ali, and Fouad K. Mashee AL RAMAHI. "SATELLITE IMAGERY MONITORS SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE ECOLOGY OF AL-HAMMAR MARSH, SOUTHERN IRAQ." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-21.

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The Al-Hammar wetland in Iraq is notable for having the highest densities of coastal migratory birds along the Arabian Gulf-Mediterranean Sea migration line. Despite the importance of these birds, there is no complete evaluation of their dynamics. The six migrating bird species (Mallard duck, Graylag geese, White pelican, Barn swallow, Common gull, White stork) were studied in the area, and the data were compiled and analyzed. Migration patterns have changed over the last two decades, as shown by changes in land cover between October 2000 and 2020 and in bird populations every ten years during the same period. A decrease in the remaining kinds of migrating birds was seen in total numbers between the years 2000 and 2020. Observing trends was impossible due to the extreme disparity between the data sets' respective sizes. A multivariate analysis shows a decrease in the number of species that rely on wetland habitats for food and breeding in the sublittoral and offshore zones of the study area. In comparison to total NDVI values, which decreased by 5%, 3.5%, and 15.6%, total NDWI values increased by 7.8%, 21.0%, and 62.6%. During the research phase. The qualitative characteristics of waterbodies and vegetation have been extensively measured using remote sensing and Gis techniques.

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Kanev, Svilen, Sam Likun Xi, Gu-Yeon Wei, and David Brooks. "Mallacc." In ASPLOS '17: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037736.

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Pocock, Lynn, and Robert Mallary. "Dedication ---Robert Mallary, 1917--1997." In ACM SIGGRAPH 97 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '97. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/259081.259166.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Mallard"

Kodupuganti, Swapneel R., Sonu Mathew, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Modeling Operational Performance of Urban Roads with Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1802.

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The rapid growth in population and related demand for travel during the past few decades has had a catalytic effect on traffic congestion, air quality, and safety in many urban areas. Transportation managers and planners have planned for new facilities to cater to the needs of users of alternative modes of transportation (e.g., public transportation, walking, and bicycling) over the next decade. However, there are no widely accepted methods, nor there is enough evidence to justify whether such plans are instrumental in improving mobility of the transportation system. Therefore, this project researches the operational performance of urban roads with heterogeneous traffic conditions to improve the mobility and reliability of people and goods. A 4-mile stretch of the Blue Line light rail transit (LRT) extension, which connects Old Concord Rd and the University of North Carolina at Charlotte’s main campus on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for travel time reliability analysis. The influence of crosswalks, sidewalks, trails, greenways, on-street bicycle lanes, bus/LRT routes and stops/stations, and street network characteristics on travel time reliability were comprehensively considered from a multimodal perspective. Likewise, a 2.5-mile-long section of the Blue Line LRT extension, which connects University City Blvd and Mallard Creek Church Rd on N Tryon St in Charlotte, North Carolina, was considered for simulation-based operational analysis. Vissim traffic simulation software was used to compute and compare delay, queue length, and maximum queue length at nine intersections to evaluate the influence of vehicles, LRT, pedestrians, and bicyclists, individually and/or combined. The statistical significance of variations in travel time reliability were particularly less in the case of links on N Tryon St with the Blue Line LRT extension. However, a decrease in travel time reliability on some links was observed on the parallel route (I-85) and cross-streets. While a decrease in vehicle delay on northbound and southbound approaches of N Tryon St was observed in most cases after the LRT is in operation, the cross-streets of N Tryon St incurred a relatively higher increase in delay after the LRT is in operation. The current pedestrian and bicycling activity levels seemed insignificant to have an influence on vehicle delay at intersections. The methodological approaches from this research can be used to assess the performance of a transportation facility and identify remedial solutions from a multimodal perspective.

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Glinsky, Michael Edwin, Thomas Moore, William Lewis, Matthew Robert Weis, Christopher Ashley Jennings, David Ampleford, Eric Harding, Patrick Knapp, Matthew R. Gomez, and Sophia Lussiez. Quantification of MagLIF Morphology using the Mallat Scattering Transformation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569785.

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Shensa, M. J. Discrete Wavelet Transforms: The Relationship of the a Trous and Mallat Algorithms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244882.

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Martínez, Mauricio Fernando, Nubia Murcia Riaño, and Juliene Andrea Barreto. Propagación y material genético: propagación. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.infografia.2022.53.

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La producción de plantas certificadas de lima ácida Tahití debe realizarse en viveros registrados ante el ICA y hacer uso de casas de malla antipulgón, como lo establece la Resolución ICA 00012816 de 2019.

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Howard, Joanna, Oluwafunmilayo Para-Mallam, Plangsat Bitrus Dayil, and Philip Hayab. Vulnerability and Poverty During Covid-19: Religious Minorities in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.013.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has had direct and indirect effects on religiously marginalised groups, exacerbating existing inequities and undermining ambitions for those ‘furthest behind’ to be reached and supported through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The intersection of religious identity, socioeconomic status, geographic location, gender, and age compound vulnerability to violence and its impacts. This policy briefing, written by Dr Joanna Howard, Professor Oluwafunmilayo Para-Mallam, Dr Plangsat Bitrus Dayil, and Dr Philip Hayab, draws on research into the experiences of the pandemic by religious minorities living in Kaduna and Plateau states in Nigeria and finds that the pandemic deepened pre-existing ethno-religious fault lines. Exacerbated by ongoing insecurity, it contributed to increased poverty, with women particularly affected, and worsening mental health, with people experiencing fear, frustration, and depression. There are also long-term consequences for development; for example, on children’s education.

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Khalil, James, MaryAnne Iwara, and Martine Zeuthen. Journeys through Extremism: The Experiences of Forced Recruits in Boko Haram. RESOLVE Network, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.2.

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This case study provides exploratory research into the personal journeys of forced recruits into Boko Haram, to examine how they entered the organization, the conditions they experienced in camps and settlements, their exits from the group, their subsequent experiences in state hands, and their perspectives about future reintegration. These themes are particularly pertinent given the mass disengagements from Boko Haram in spring 2022, and the extent to which federal and state systems lack the capacity to absorb and handle the large numbers involved. Research was undertaken at Operation Safe Corridor (OPSC), a program established in 2016 by the Nigerian state to provide an off-ramp for members of Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) deemed to be ‘low risk’ by military intelligence. Located at Mallam Sidi on the outskirts of Gombe, the OPSC program houses cohorts of around six hundred clients at any point in time. This report features the findings from thirteen in-depth interviews with participants in the OPSC program to provide important insights into the state-sponsored off-ramp from this group.

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Laverde Orozco, Alexander, and María del Pilar Romero Lozada. Diagnóstico del sistema de siembra en invernadero: Casa de malla- laterales abatibles del tomate chonto (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) en el municipio de Restrepo – Valle del Cauca. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/ecapma.3415.

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Álvarez Zuluaga, Carlos Andrés, Claudia Espinal Correa, Jorge Humberto Rubio Elorza, and Mauricio Vasco Ramírez. La simulación en salud: una estrategia de evaluación y formación por competencias. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/wpgp.04.

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La simulación clínica no es una novedad. Hace ya mucho se distanció de sus orígenes en la aviación y colonizó áreas como la educación en salud. En este libro se la presenta como una tecnología que, acompañada de recursos como los simuladores y estrechamente ligada al campo de la pedagogía y la didáctica, la pone en un lugar privilegiado dentro de la compleja relación de enseñanza-aprendizaje, es decir, la convierte en una estrategia que contribuye al desarrollo y potenciamiento de las habilidades y destrezas requeridas por las disciplinas en las que se encuentra inmersa, a la vez que favorece la toma de decisiones del futuro profesional, en nuestro caso, del área de la salud. Parte de esto radica en que, una vez insertada en la malla curricular de los programas de educación superior, la simulación permite escalar varios grados de complejidad y situaciones: desde la adquisición de habilidades y destrezas básicas, hasta la compleja toma de decisiones cuya encrucijada pone en tela de juicio la vida de los pacientes. En nuestro caso, la simulación se sitúa bajo un modelo de educación por competencias, acorde con las modalidades y a los requisitos que demandan las instancias gubernamentales que regulan la educación superior que exigen evidencias de lo aprendido y, con ello, el papel de las prácticas académicas (indicadores) en ambientes adecuados. En ese escenario, la simulación da respuesta al profesional que se promete educar bajo una educación atenta a resultados del aprendizaje verificables.

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Hernandez Arenas, Diana Paola. Parásitos en la salud pública. Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/notas.6621.

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La parasitología, estudia la relación existente entre los organismos parásitos y sus huéspedes, pudiendo o no causar daños a su hospedador. Al igual que los parásitos, los sistemas de producción se desarrollan en un medio físico, biológico y social; y es en este último en donde suele influir de manera significativa para la salud pública de las regiones y poblaciones consolidándose como un factor importante en la presentación de enfermedades zoonóticas parasitarias y por ende causal del detrimento sanitario de las poblaciones que se ven afectadas. Por ello, la parasitología tomada desde el punto de vista de la salud pública, proporciona herramientas que permiten conocer y fortalecer la prevención y el control de los agentes parasitarios que afectan la población humana y animal debido a su carácter zoonótico, ayudando a reducir el impacto que ocasionan dichas zoonosis parasitarias en la salud pública; Sin embargo, es poco frecuente hallar bibliografía actualizada que logre demostrarlo claramente. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, la parasitología se instaura dentro del proceso académico de los estudiantes de Zootecnia como un eje encaminado a la comprensión no solo del ciclo de vida del parasito, sino también de las consecuencias que pueden traer para las explotaciones productivas y la población, por tanto, la presente nota de campus tiene como finalidad dar a conocer al estudiante las generalidades de las zoonosis vistas desde la salud pública, dando a conocer algunos aspectos concernientes con el impacto de la parasitología en esta, así como algunos de los parásitos zoonóticos más frecuentes. Inicialmente, se presenta el concepto de zoonosis parasitarias, los factores asociados a su transmisión y otros conceptos fundamentales que enmarca la temática, la cual se desglosa en cada uno de los capítulos que incluye el documento. Dicho contenido que puede ser usado como apoyo en el curso de Parasitología, el cual hace parte del componente disciplinar de la malla curricular de los programas de Zootecnia y Tecnología en Producción Animal.

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Geologic maps of the Big Mallard, Middle Bargamin, and Magruder additions to the Frank Church-River-of-No-Return Wilderness, Lemhi, and Idaho counties, Idaho. US Geological Survey, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/mf2204.

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