Готові списки джерел за темами / Male caregivers

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Male caregivers"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 24 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Male caregivers":

Deskins, Barbara Pollard, Susan Letvak, Laurie Kennedy-Malone, Pamela Johnson Rowsey, Leandra Bedini, and Denise Rhew. "The Experiences of African American Male Caregivers." Healthcare 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020252.

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Aging of the population has led to an increasing number of caregivers. While research has been conducted on caregiver experiences, less is known about the experiences of African American males in the U.S. This qualitative descriptive study describes the experiences of 13 African American men who acted as caregivers to adult chronically ill or debilitated loved ones, the majority of whom provided care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The revised Sociocultural Stress and Coping Model (R-SSCM) guided this study. Individual interviews were conducted via the Zoom application. Content analysis revealed four themes: (1) “My time to take the reins”, (2) “It’s a male thang”, (3) “Caring amid a pandemic”, and (4) “Effects of the caregiver’s journey”. This study’s findings in relation to the literature provide overdue attention to the African American male caregiving experience, especially in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of our findings include the need for more culturally congruent support services for African American male caregivers, as well as increased efforts to encourage trust in the healthcare system—especially in relation to vaccination for the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Opara, Józef, and W. Brola. "Quality of Life and Burden in caregivers of Multiple Sclerosis patients." Physiotherapy and Health Activity 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pha-2017-0002.

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Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most disabling disorders of the central nervous system. Caregivers of individuals with MS may experience unique caregiver strain due to the age at onset and progressive nature of the disease. Additionally, because MS is more prevalent in women, men often become spousal caregivers. This places women in the position of being care recipients rather than caregivers. Some results also supported hypothesis that female caregivers reported a higher need for emotional support than male caregivers. As with female caregivers, decreased emotional support predicted poorer QoL among male caregivers. Caring for a MS patient may negatively impact several objective and subjective aspects of caregiver's life, such as physical and emotional health, morale, work life, finances, social mobility, interpersonal relationships and sexual life. In studies assessing the psychological consequences of care a higher level of anxiety and depression in caregivers than in the general population has been reported. Caregivers who experience burden are more likely to have a higher risk of depression and a lower quality of life. Early recognition of caregiver burden is important in determining appropriate interventions. In this review report the current state of knowledge about the QoL of MS caregivers as well the burden of MS caregivers has been described.

Ruisoto, Pablo, Marina Ramírez, Belén Paladines-Costa, Silvia Vaca, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. "Predicting Caregiver Burden in Informal Caregivers for the Elderly in Ecuador." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 7338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197338.

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Informal caregivers are the main providers of care for the elderly. The aim of this study is to examine the predictive value of different variables regarding caregivers and their elderly patients with respect to the caregiver’s burden. A convenience sample of 688 informal caregivers and 688 elderly people from Ecuador was surveyed. Only households with one caregiver and one elderly person were considered for the study. For informal caregivers, the following standardized measures were obtained: burden (Zarit Burden Interview), neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated, EPQR-A), caregiver’s general health (GHQ-12), and social support (modified Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, FSSQ11). For the elderly, we employed standardized measures of cognitive function (short portable mental status questionnaire, SPMSQ), Pfeiffer’s test, and functional dependency (Barthel scale/Index, BI). Females were over-represented in caregiving and reported significantly higher burden levels than those of males. In both male and female caregivers, the burden was best predicted by the time of caring, neuroticism, and elderly cognitive impairment. However, some predictors of burden were weighted differently in males and females. The functional independence of the elderly was a significant predictor of burden for male caregivers but not females, while caregiver competence was a significant predictor for females but not males. These variables accounted for more than 88% of the variability in informal caregivers.

Frias, Cindy E., Esther Cabrera, and Adelaida Zabalegui. "Informal Caregivers’ Roles in Dementia: The Impact on Their Quality of Life." Life 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10110251.

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The constantly changing process of caring for a person with dementia affects the informal caregivers’ role due to its psychosocial impact. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the impact of the Person with Dementia informal caregiver’s role caregiver to a person with dementia on the self-perceived quality of life (QoL) of the caregiver. In total, 160 informal caregivers were recruited between January and December 2019. Informal caregivers’ quality of life was assessed using the European Quality of Life 5-Dimension scale, burden with the Zarit Burden Scale, emotional wellbeing using the General Health Questionnaire, and caregiver reactions using Caregiver Reaction Aspects. Patients’ cognitive impairment was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination, their quality of life using Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease, and neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Outcomes were studied using the Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA test. Most informal caregivers’ outcomes were significantly associated with their quality of life. Male informal caregivers have a slightly better quality of life than female caregivers (p < 0.001). Caregiver burden (p < 0.001), psychological wellbeing (p < 0.001) and negative aspects of caregiving on health (p < 0.001) correlated moderately with informal caregivers’ quality of life. Factors associated with dementia, including the course of the illness and its severity with the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms can negatively affect the informal caregiver’s role and produce a low self-perception of quality of life; thus, social and professional support for informal caregivers is essential.

Weinland, Jo Ann. "The Lived Experience of Informal African American Male Caregivers." American Journal of Men's Health 3, no. 1 (November 7, 2007): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988307305916.

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Informal caregivers play a major role in providing care to loved ones within the home and demands for dependent care are likely to increase. Informal caregivers are likely to continue to be responsible for the majority of care for loved ones living well into late stages of life. This article describes the lived experience of African American men providing care to a relative within the home and explores their definition of caregiver distress. The phenomenological study was conducted using face-to-face interviews with 10 Christian African American men. Demographic data about the caregiver and the care recipient were collected. Common themes included: commitment, support (family support and formal health-related support), spirituality, and caregiver burden (stress, time strain and financial strain). Implications include the need for health care providers to expand their knowledge related to the diversity of caregivers and to use culturally relevant comprehensive assessments of caregivers and recipients, discharge planning tools, and community resources.

Smith, Matthew, Chung Lin Kew, Tiffany Washington, Caroline Bergeron, Ashley Merianos, Ledric Sherman, and Kirby Goidel. "CAREGIVER STRAIN AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN AND HISPANIC MALE CAREGIVERS WITH CHRONIC CONDITIONS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.398.

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Abstract Caregiving strain often stems from caregivers’ unmet needs and is a risk factor for physical and psychological ill-health. This study aims to identify factors associated with caregiver strain among middle-aged and older African American and Hispanic male caregivers living with one or more chronic conditions. Data were collected from 431 male caregivers using a web-based survey (55% African American, 45% Hispanic). Linear regression models were fitted to assess factors associated with caregiver strain, which was measured using caregiving difficulty items from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. On average, participants were age 54.9(±9.51) years, they self-reported chronic conditions were 3.74(±2.62), and their caregiver strain was 14.7(±7.30). Among African American caregivers, higher caregiver strain was positively associated with living with children below age 18 (β=0.14, P=0.045) and feelings of social disconnectedness (β=0.16, P=0.018) and depression (β=0.15, P=0.035). Conversely, caregiver strain was negatively associated with having insurance coverage (β=-1.34, P=0.028) and disease self-management efficacy (β=-2.26, P=< 0.001. Among Hispanic caregivers, higher caregiver strain was negatively associated with age (β=-0.28, P=< 0.001) and positively associated with feelings of social disconnectedness (β=0.16, P=0.041). Findings suggest African American and Hispanic males with chronic conditions have differing caregiving experiences. Compared to Hispanic men, contributors to caregiving strain among African American men were multifaceted and associated with financial resources, household dynamics, mental health, and the ability to self-manage their chronic conditions. While bolstering social connectedness may offset caregiver strain, tailored mental health and disease-management programming are needed to meet the specific needs of African American and Hispanic male caregivers.

Buchanan, Robert J., Dagmar Radin, and Chunfeng Huang. "Caregiver Burden Among Informal Caregivers Assisting People with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of MS Care 13, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073-13.2.76.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) burdens not only patients but also their informal or family caregivers. This study was conducted to identify characteristics of caregivers, caregiving, and MS patients receiving informal care that are associated with caregiving burden. Data were collected through a national survey of informal MS caregivers and analyzed using an ordered logistic regression model to identify factors associated with burden. Burden was found to be significantly greater among male caregivers than among female caregivers. Moreover, greater burden was associated with more frequent patient bladder dysfunction, more hours per week spent providing assistance, and greater restriction on the caregiver's ability to perform daily activities because of caregiving responsibilities. A strong association was found between the mental health status of the caregiver and burden. Health professionals should be sensitive to the impact of caregiving on the mental health of MS caregivers. The results of this study suggest that treating patient bladder dysfunction and facilitating respite care may reduce burden and improve the mental health of informal caregivers of people with MS. Future research should identify programs and services designed specifically to reduce burden experienced by male caregivers.

Leung, Lai Ching, Kam Wah Chan, and Kin Yuen Tam. "Reconstruction of Masculine Identities Through Caring Practices: The Experiences of Male Caregivers in Hong Kong." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 6 (January 7, 2019): 764–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18823820.

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The purpose of this study was to explore from a gender perspective how masculinities might be reworked into identities of care through men taking on the role of family caregiver. A qualitative method was adopted for this research. Twenty Chinese men in Hong Kong who were the main caregivers in their families were invited for in-depth interviews to understand their views on caring and their experiences as caregivers. We identified four types of male caregiver: (a) conforming caregivers, (b) traditional caregivers, (c) transitional caregivers, and (d) transforming caregivers. Based on our findings, we argue that when men engage in caring, changes can occur in their perceptions of the value of care, their relationships with family members, and their male identities. The involvement of men in caring may lead to social change for men and transform gender relations.

Silva, Elton Gomes da, Karina Cuziol, Maura Aparecida Viana, and Elizabeth Maria Aparecida Barasnevicius. "Quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s Disease and their caregivers’ stress levels." Revista Neurociências 16, no. 2 (April 30, 1999): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2008.v16.8647.

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Introduction. The quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is related to the disease level, which also indicates the caregiver’s quality of life. Methods. This study comprised 43 patients with PD (31 male) and their respective caregivers (35 female) in order to evaluate if these disease symptoms may change their quality of life. Results. There was a statistically significant correlation between quality of life and the disease level and caregiver stress. The higher the score of disease level, the worse the patients and caregivers’ quality of life. Conclusion. The disease control improves the patients’ quality of life and, consequently, the caregivers’ quality of life.

Molitor, Fred, and Celeste Doerr. "Dietary Behaviors, Diet Quality, and Obesity among Children from Low-Income Households by Gender of Caregiver and Child: Results from the 2018 California Family Health Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_096.

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Abstract Objectives To examine dietary behaviors, diet quality, and childhood obesity by caregiver and child gender. Methods Permission to interview 2242 children (5–12 y) from randomly-sampled low-income (≤185% of the federal poverty level) households across California was obtained from male or female caregivers screened as the person who “assumes the responsibility in caring for the health and well-being of the child(ren).” A caregiver was further defined as “the male (or female) who prepares the meals or buys food for the child(ren).” Bilingual interviewers administered a 24-hour dietary recall assessment (ASA-24) while referencing a pictorial food and beverage portion-size booklet and measuring cups and spoons. Prior to the interviews, households also received a tape measure with instructions for recording children's height. Height and weight were recorded during the interviews. BMI-for-age weight categories and the corresponding percentiles were calculated. Children at or above the 95th percentile were classified as obese. Outcomes were compared across four caregiver by child gender dyads: daughters of male caregivers; sons of male caregivers; daughters of female caregivers; and sons of male caregivers. Analyses controlled for children's race/ethnicity and age. Results The majority (68.5%) of children participating in the survey were Latino. Adjusted analyses found female caregivers’ sons consumed more teaspoons of added sugar and had higher food-only energy density scores than female caregivers’ daughters. Kilocalories consumed and the obesity rate for female caregivers’ sons were higher than for the other family dyads. Conclusions Unique to the existing literature is our between-family comparisons of children's dietary behaviors by caregiver gender and our findings that female caregivers’ sons are more likely to be obese and report related unhealthful dietary behaviors compared with female caregivers’ daughters. These findings suggest that the focus on female caregivers for nutrition and obesity prevention public health programs such as SNAP-Ed is warranted, but highlight the need to consider the gender of their children when designing and implementing interventions and services aimed a low-income families. Funding Sources California Department of Social Services.

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Дисертації з теми "Male caregivers":

Spearman, Marilyn S. "The expressions of male caregivers /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487952208105824.

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Barnes, Kristi A. "An examination of existing caregiving models and male spousal caregivers." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1424.

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Sexton, Stephanie Fitzsimmons. "Relationship Between Stress Burden and Perceived Support Among Elderly Male Spousal Caregivers." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1717.

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As older couples age, often one partner becomes more competent and able to care for the other, in which case they are able to remain in their homes. In one township in the northeastern United States, the caregiving role had a significant effect on the lives of elderly men who care for their wives. The purpose of this quantitative project study was to determine the relationship between perceived stress burden and perceived level of social support services and between perceived stress burden and use of support services by elderly male spousal caregivers residing in active adult communities. Watson's theory of caring provided the theoretical foundation for this study. A correlational design was used and data were collected from 82 elderly male spousal caregivers with (a) the Zarit Burden Interview; (b) the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; and (c) a checklist, Support Services in Your Area. Descriptive analysis indicated that participants carry a large stress burden, particularly emotional stress (Zarit Burden score of 36.58/65), enjoy strong social support (Multidimensional Scale score of 45.47/75), and use few community services. Pearson's product-moment correlation revealed no significant relationship between perceived stress burden and perceived social support or between perceived stress burden and use of community services, indicating that men feel emotional stress but the feelings are not related to their use of community services. As community services were not used by elderly male caregiver spouses, a workshop for professionals was developed to help the professionals expand programs and services that may have value for these men in their caregiver role. This study has social significance because satisfaction with the caregiver role has consequences for the health and financial well-being of the elderly and for U.S. society.

Jones, Jazmin. "A psycho-educational support group for older adult male caregivers| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10032304.

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Providing direct caregiving for a loved one is emotionally difficult, and it can be uniquely challenging for male spousal caregivers. As men adjust to their new roles, they are faced with caregiver burdens, which can present complications mentally, physically, and financially. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to develop a grant proposal for a male caregiver support group for older adult caregivers within the greater Long Beach, CA area. The proposed program, entitled the Sure Project, would help caregivers decrease their stress, increase their coping abilities, and provide resources for additional community support. The most appropriate funder identified was the Archstone Foundation, as the goals of the Sure Project coincided with the goals of this foundation. The Long Beach Jewish Family and Children Services agency served as the host agency from this project. The actual submission and/or funding of this grant were not required for the successful completion of the project.

Khokhar-Cottrell, F. "The lived experience of male and female caregivers of people with dementia : a qualitative study." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17711/.

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Background: Burden, satisfaction, depression, anxiety, social support, coping strategies and the disease state of dementia patients all influence carers’ quality of life (QoL) and well-being. Qualitative research looking at carers’ lived experiences and the effect that this has on their well-being is limited. Aim/Objectives: To explore carers’ lived experiences in relation to their daily management care and adjustment of having to care for a person with dementia, and to examine the differences or similarities of carers’ lived experiences in relation to the care provided to the recipients and the effect that this has on carers’ QoL and well-being. Design: Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fourteen carers (seven males and seven females) and the audio-taped raw data was transcribed. Key constructs and initial meanings in relation to the everyday lived experiences were identified. Results: Carers’ accounts clustered around five master themes: ‘just normal’, providing best and safe care, managing to cope, sharing and supporting others, and cherished moments. Conclusions: Health professionals and governmental agencies need to consider carers in clinical interventions, psychological and educational programmes. Local communities should adopt a positive image of carers, dementia patients, and health professionals, and have a greater understanding of carers’ criteria for the standard of care and factors affecting carers’ life circumstances in relation to QoL and well-being. Keywords: Carers, Caregivers, Dementia, Well-being, Lived, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and Qualitative.

Schwartz, Abby J. "Moderators of the impact of sociodemographic and economic factors on the well-being of caregiving men: Implications for social work practice and policy." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3934.

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Thesis advisor: Kathleen McInnis-Dittrich
A vast amount of caregiving literature focuses on the well-being of caregivers of older adults, and is primarily focused on the experiences of caregiving women who have traditionally assumed this role. However, the number of male caregivers is growing related to the increase in the number of older adults requiring care, as well as changing sex roles in the family. It is important to examine the impact caregiving has on men to determine the similarities or differences from women in order to inform social work policy and practice. This dissertation begins to answer the question of whether or not there are differences between male and female caregivers through the completion of a secondary data analysis using the Caregiving in the U.S. Study, 2009, conducted by the National Alliance for Caregiving in collaboration with AARP, and funded by the MetLife Foundation. Women are included in the analyses as a comparison group to the male caregivers to identify what similarities or differences exist in the caregiver's well-being. Ordered logistic regression and logistic regression analyses were used to test if caregiver's age and employment status predicted the well-being of caregivers. Moderation analysis was employed to determine what factors moderated the relationship between the predictors and well-being. Seemingly unrelated regression and Chow tests were used to determine if the impact of caregiving on men was unique or the same as female caregivers. Some key findings included that low-income group caregivers reported greater odds of higher financial hardship and physical strain. Caregiving men reported decreased emotional stress, physical strain, and negative impact on social interaction with others since beginning caregiving compared to females. Caregiving men also sought help from unpaid help (e.g., family and friends) more than female caregivers. With several provisions under the Patient and Protection Affordable Care Act of 2010 centered on addressing caregiver needs, it is an appropriate time to consider how to meet the needs of underserved caregivers. Based on the findings in this dissertation, social work policy and practice recommendations are suggested to address specifically low-income and male caregiver needs
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work

Dawson-Weiss, Judith. "A male caregiver's perceived experience of caring for a wife with stroke." Connect to full-text via OhioLINK ETD Center, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1116804126.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Medical College of Ohio, 2005.
"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing." Major advisor: Linda Pierce. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: vi, 56 p. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: pages 46-50.

Dimmock, Alexandra. "Male primary caregivers in the UK : an exploratory study of the care work performed by British fathers." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658845.

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This thesis presents an account of the experiences and practices of a group of primary caregiving fathers in the UK. It fills a gap in the academic literature on fatherhood in relation to an under-researched yet apparently increasing group of men. Drawing on descriptions of their engagement in paid work, housework and childcare practices, and engagement in the public sphere, this thesis argues that the practices of primary caregiving fathers across these three areas are indicative of shifts in ideas about , and experiences of, contemporary fathering. These primary caregiving fathers are not necessarily disengaged from the labour market although economic provisioning is not central to their conception of good fatherhood. They also take on full responsibility . for childcare and its management, in contrast to previous accounts which suggested that even in 'role reversal ' situations mothers continue to take the lead. The public arena is a more difficult space to negotiate with fathers developing a range of responses to navigate female-dominated situations. Finally, it is suggested that the total social organisation of labour (TSOL) framework is helpful for providing a more integrated approach to evaluating fathers' care and work routines. These encompass paid employment, volunteering, childcare, and networking at fathers' groups and cannot be readily classified as either work or leisure.

Wicks, Bridget Marie. "Questions Asked by Male and Female Caregivers of Persons with Stroke in a Web-based Support Group." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1142949248.

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Billings, Giovanni M. "Father care-giving and the development of empathy and general social and emotional competence among school-aged males." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Книги з теми "Male caregivers":

Loscalzo, Matthew J. For the women we love: A breast cancer action plan and caregiver's guide for men. Baltimore: Bartleby Press, 2007.

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Kusaka, Riki. Herupuman! =: One touch of nature makes the whole wrold kin. Tōkyō: Kōdansha, 2004.

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Kyōgikai, Zenkoku Kokumin Kenkō Hoken Shinryō Shisetsu. Dansei kaigosha ni taisuru shien no arikata ni kansuru chōsa kenkyū jigyō hōkokusho. Tōkyō-to Minato-ku: Shadan Hōjin Zenkoku Kokumin Kenkō Hoken Shinryō Shisetsu Kyōgikai, 2011.

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Paul, Reed. Serenity: Support and guidance for people with HIV, their families, friends, and caregivers. 2nd ed. Berkeley, Calif: Celestial Arts, 1990.

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Page, Sara. As men we care--: Male involvement in community home-based care programming in Zambia. Lusaka: Zambia Red Cross Society, 2008.

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Morgan, Carl. Man to man: A practical guide for male caregivers when breast cancer strikes their loved ones. Windsor, Ont: Benchmark Publishing & Design, 2003.

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Ament, Allan. Learning to float: Memoir of a caregiver-husband. Seattle, WA: Booktrope Editions, 2014.

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J, Kramer Betty, and Thompson Edward H, eds. Men as caregivers: Theory, research, and service implications. New York: Springer Pub., 2002.

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Charles, Gloria A. Exploring the experiences of male spousal caregivers for their wives with alzheimer disease in their homes: The lived experience and the men's perception of support groups. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Faculty of Education, 2002.

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Rabe, David. A question of mercy. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Male caregivers":

Yang, Frances Lu, Vivian Wei Qun Lou, and Carman Ka-Man To. "A critical reflection on Photovoice applied in exploring the lived experience and needs of male caregivers." In Researching Ageing, 314–21. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge advances in research methods: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003051169-29.

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Blandino, Amalia, Gabriele Carapezza Figlia, Letizia Coppo, Snežana Dabić Nikićević, and Katarina Dolović Bojić. "Gender Equality in the Different Fields of Private Law." In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 505–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_15.

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AbstractIn the field of private law, gender inequality takes many different shapes. It may at times be easily noticed from the text of the legal rules, for instance, when certain legal rights are reserved for members of a certain gender (i.e. independency to enter a marriage) or when they are available to both genders but in a discriminatory manner (i.e. men inherit twice as much as women). However, in many legal systems equality is guaranteed by law, but inequality still appears in practice. This may be seen from the fact that, on average, land assets are much more often owned by men or that a higher percentage of men run a business. Various social factors may induce gender inequality, like stereotypical division of gender roles in society (i.e. men as breadwinners and women as caregivers) or the persistence of patriarchal customs and practices (i.e. women should renounce their inheritance rights in favour of male inheritors). The consequences of such factors may also be felt in the field of tort law, especially when it comes to damages suffered by women performing unpaid domestic work or indirect damages suffered by women who have to provide the “informal support” for the person who suffered serious bodily harm that resulted in a situation of dependency. Finally, in the field of contract law, the most difficult tasks seem to be to reconcile the prohibition of discrimination with the freedom of contract and to determine the most suitable legal consequence in case of discrimination.

Padrón, Thais Guerrero, Ljubinka Kovačević, and Mª Isabel Ribes Moreno. "Labour Law and Gender." In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 583–630. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_17.

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AbstractThe chapter presents an overview of key labour law institutions, aiming at discussing the importance of the gender perspective in labour law. Therefore, the introductory section of the chapter will put this issue into the context of historical and conceptual framework genesis of regulating employment relationships. These issues are connected with the legal subordination and economic dependence of employees, which produce the need to create and implement norms that protect employees, as a weaker party to the employment relationship. This includes the limitation of employers’ (managerial, normative and disciplinary) prerogatives, in order to create the conditions for effective enjoyment of the right of jobseekers and employees for protection against gender-based discrimination. The labour law is, in this regard, traditionally conceived according to the model of a male worker, who is employed on the basis of a standard employment contract (open-ended full time employment contract). This then results in a failure to recognise or provide sufficient consideration of the specific needs that women have as participants in the labour market. The use of the feminist method, which included the understanding of gender as an analytical category in the field of labour law, opened up a new set of labour law issues. For example, in easing the ban on women working in physically demanding jobs, and the conceptualisation of the need to reconcile the professional and family duties of employees.. On the other hand, contemporary labour law, when creating conditions for achieving gender equality, is aimed primarily at women’s empowerment in the world of work. Persisting with this approach can lead to an oversimplified understanding of the principle of gender equality, ignoring the special needs of men in the world of work, as well as ignoring the importance of their role for consistent implementation of the principle of gender equality and women’s empowerment. The second section of the chapter will provide analysis of gender-based discrimination during the hiring process. Other sections will cover the risk of gender-based discrimination regarding rights, obligations and duties deriving from employment relationship, labour law measures to encourage improvements in the occupational safety and health, work-life balance for parents and caregivers, sexual harassment at work and promotion of gender equality in collective labour law.

Gissum, Karen Rosnes. "Lost in Translation." In Human Perspectives in Health Sciences and Technology, 69–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92612-0_6.

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AbstractThe era of precision medicine and biomarkers is here. Medical science and research on biomarkers have made enormous improvements in medical care for cancer patients, improvements that are highly valuable to patients and their caregivers as well as prestige for medical scientists and the pharmaceutical industry. But do these improvements lead to “good health” for cancer patients? “Good health” is one of the most important things in life, but what is the meaning of “good health” today, how do we talk about health, who is declaring a status of ‘good health’, do modern medicine have limitations in being able to declare ‘good health’, and by which perspectives are “good health” declared? These are all relevant questions to ask when defining and framing health, disease and illness in the era of precision medicine.Ovarian cancer is a serious and highly lethal disease. The different perspectives of health, disease and illness affects the physician-patient relationship and eventually the decision-making. The rapid progress in biomedicine demands knowledge and understanding, but are physicians and cancer patients living in the same world, understanding the same language, or are they all lost in the translation when communicating and understanding illness, disease and above all – health?

Sæteren, Berit, and Dagfinn Nåden. "Dignity: An Essential Foundation for Promoting Health and Well-Being." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_7.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to illuminate different understandings of the concept of dignity and to discuss how we can make use of this knowledge to enhance human health. Dignity is viewed as a universal concept in health sciences and a feature necessary to promote health and alleviate suffering related to sickness and impending death. The ideas presented in this chapter are founded in a caring science paradigm where the human being is considered as a unique entity consisting of body, soul, and spirit. Caring science as referred to in this chapter has its scientific foundation in Gadamer’s ontological hermeneutics.Dignity is described in a historical perspective, and different meanings of dignity are clarified. Since health and dignity relate to one other, we have clarified the concept of health employing the texts of the Finnish theoretician Katie Eriksson. In order to illuminate the perspective of health promotion, we have also briefly described health in a salutogenic perspective according to the medical sociologist Aron Antonovsky. In clarifying dignity, the texts of well-known researchers from the Nordic countries and UK were employed. In reflecting on how we can make use of the knowledge of dignity and indignity to promote health, we have considered this matter in light of results of a major Scandinavian study. The main purpose of this study was to explore dignity and indignity of patients in nursing homes from the perspective of patients, family caregivers, and health personnel. The testimonies presented in this section are further interpreted employing mainly caring science and philosophical literature. Lastly, a short summary of some public policy efforts with the aim to preserve human dignity is offered.

O'Lynn, Chad. "Negotiation of Constructed Gender Among Rural Male Caregivers." In Rural Nursing. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/9780826170866.0012.

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Mukherjee, Sudeshna. "Dementia." In Research Anthology on Diagnosing and Treating Neurocognitive Disorders, 526–49. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3441-0.ch027.

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The high global prevalence, economic impact of dementia on families, caregivers, and communities, and the associated stigma and social exclusion present dementia as a significant public health challenge. Global as well as Indian data confirms a greater vulnerability of the women patients than their male counterparts. The global health community has recognized the need for action and to place dementia and its care and support services on the public health agenda. Dementia imposes significant physical, mental, and financial stress on caregivers who, again, often are women. In this context, the chapter aims to use capability approach and the concept of “disability paradox” to project dementia as a capability deprivation situation and through comparative analysis of various care models proposes a comprehensive economic care model and plan of action for a developing country like India to ensure dignified quality living for dementia patients and their caregivers.

Mukherjee, Sudeshna. "Dementia." In Handbook of Research on Multicultural Perspectives on Gender and Aging, 53–76. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4772-3.ch005.

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Pathak, Abhijit, and Chittaranjan Subudhi. "Understanding Psychological Distress Among Female Caregivers of the Patients With Mental Illness." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 123–35. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1185-5.ch006.

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The present study aims to find the level of psychological distress in female caregivers of patients with mental illness in the context of Jharkhand and its relations with the socio-demographic variable. The sample was drawn from five blocks of Hazaribagh districts of Jharkhand and the respondents were 200 relatives of the patients with mental illness. A socio-demographic data sheet used for recording the socio-demographic characteristics and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale version 10 (K10) used for assessing their psychological distress. The result shows that female gender is having more psychological distress than male and may lead to common mental disorder under persistent condition. The mean score of female was higher than male (i.e., 26.36 [SD= 9.44] and 22.23 [SD= 8.86], respectively). The difference between both the genders found to be significant at less than 0.001 p values in Man Whitney U test.

Mong, Sherry N. "Introduction." In Taking Care of Our Own, 1–16. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751448.003.0001.

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This chapter gives a brief introduction of the significance of the work of caregivers and what it's like to work as a caregiver. It talks about the debate over home health care. The “home care is best” view casts the home as a place of rest and healing, and emphasizes the patient's comfort and the caregiver's love and concern. This view, however, downplays the costs associated with caregiving. There are issues with balancing work and family care, and many caregivers experienced sleeplessness and anxiety. Though most caregivers developed a “you do what you have to do” attitude and were able to figure out a way to perform the tasks, it was not a simple process. The chapter also discusses how caregivers are primarily forced laborers. “Home care for all” downplays caregiver labor and does not consider unmet caregiver needs or the particular nuisances of the home health situation. It discusses how workplace scholars have generally confined their analyses of medical labor to paid wage labor. By recognizing only those who are compensated, scholars allow capitalism to define work processes and to determine who it is that we consider as workers. This began a dichotomous division of labor whereby unpaid work in the “private sphere” was seen as personal and emotional, and paid work in the “public sphere” was seen as rational and productive. The separate-spheres construct not only fails to recognize the enormous contributions made in the private sphere, but also ideologically places “love” in the home and “labor” in paid jobs.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Male caregivers":

Cendrasilvinia, Herose, The Maria Meiwati Widagdo, and Widya Christine Manus. "Burden and Quality of Life of Dependent Elderly Caregivers in Pakuncen Village Yogyakarta." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.08.

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Background: Elderly people face health problems associated with reduced health and increased disability. Dependent elderly on caregivers who cause a burden affecting the quality of life of caregivers. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the burden and quality of life among dependent elderly caregivers. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Pakuncen Village, Yogyakarta. The study subjects were 30 informal caregivers who cared for their family member aged ≥ 60 years with moderate dependence. Instruments used to screen dependent elderly included Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrument Activities of Daily Living (IADL) to measure level of independence, MMSE and AD-8 to assess cognitive function of elderly. Caregivers aged ≥ 60 years underwent MMSE and those with scores <24 was excluded. Caregivers’ burden ware measured using The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA). Measurements of quality of life among caregivers was conducted by WHOQOL-BREF. Data were analyzed using Spearman-rank correlation. Results: Out of 30 caregivers, 24 were female and 6 were male with an average age of 49 years. Most respondents had light to moderate burden (Mean= 34.27; SD=18.94). Caregivers’ quality of life were low (<60) in psychological (Mean= 58.17; SD= 12.31), social relation (Mean= 59.77; SD= 9.04), and the environment domains (Mean= 51.90; SD= 10.00). Caregivers’ quality of life was high (≥60) in physical health domain (Mean= 63.30; SD=12.83). There were negative correlations between caregiver burden (ZBI and CRA) and the quality life of caregivers (WHOQOL-BREF). Conclusion: In Yogyakarta, the burden of caregivers (ZBI and CRA) and the quality of caregivers’ lives (WHOQOL-BREF) are negatively correlated. Keywords: caregiver, burden, quality of life, dependent, elderly Correspondence: Herose Cendrasilvinia. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Duta Wacana Christian, Yogyakarta. Jl. Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo 5-25 Yogyakarta, 55224. Email: herosecendrasilvinia@gmail.com. Mobile: 081226466770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.08

Brito da Silva, Andressa, Gabriela Gonzaga Magalhães da Silva, Caroline de Souza e Silva Guimarães, Carla Aparecida Lourdesdos S. de Azevedo, and Patrick Wagner de Azevedo. "Taking care of the caregiver: the meanings unveiled to the caregiver of people with disabilities." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212450.

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In the act of caring, it was widely disseminated as important lookingat the person being cared for and the needs that could be revealedin the construction of the relationship throughout the care process with the caregiver. In this research, our gaze is directed to the caregiver, making it possible to enablewhich meanings, values and beliefs are presentedin the conduct of their lives and how thedialogue with the current speechesin society try to capture them from modelsthat obscure the production of their subjectivity. In this regard, human relationships can be created and always recreated,and any dogmatic forms of relationship can produce limitations of meaning and existential suffering. As a general objective, we sought to understand the production of subjectivity of the caregiver of people with disabilities in the encounter with the disabled subject to be cared for. As specific objectives, to analyze the meanings that permeate the relationship between the caregiver and the person with a disability, in addition to investigatethe meanings unveiled in work relationships and in the affectiverelationships between the caregiver and the person with a disability. The specific objectives analyze the meanings related to the work relationship and affection that goesthrough the crossingswith a care character. In this way, families received specialattention, as many caregivers are family members, withoutdisregardingthe importance of professionals hired to exercise the role of caregiver. With regard to methodology, the guiding methods of the research were Cartography and Phenomenology, using semi-open interviews, as well as a systematic literature review. Ten interviews were produced frompeople of the professional field tocaregivers whose familymembers demanded care due to being disabled. It was possible to noticeresults about the phenomenonand singularities of the established relationshipsthat care implied in a deep existential investment by all respondents, both those who proposed to be involved by job function and those which life directed them in favor of a family member or close person. The speeches that initially seemed well structured, gradually unveiled meanings that indicated a deep regret for the suffering and the severe condition of limitation of the person to be cared for. The searchingfor meaning went beyond mere rationality, and spirituality became a key element in the attempt to nurture existential anxieties. Several participants emphasized that despite the constant physical fatigue and emotional exhaustion, consideringthe complexity of each case in particular, the satisfaction of being able to help, reciprocate or even be useful by applying care made this relationship lighter and more meaningful. Contradictory feelings such as love and a feeling that the caregiver's life is paralyzed, due to the dedication to the person to becared for, clearly emerged

Clarke-Sather, Abigail R., Kelly Cobb, Catherine Maloney, and Hannah Young. "Contextual Design Theory Applied to Wearables That Facilitate Kangaroo Care by Interviewing Mothers of Hospitalized Infants." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6915.

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When considering how to design medical devices considering the needs of the patient and hospital staff may seem sufficient. Hospitalized infants are patients who cannot speak or advocate for their needs; the parents and the hospital staff caring for infant patients have different roles that together are integral to an infant’s recovery. Figure 1 shows how mothers, nurses, and infants form a system of care to promote infant patient healing. In particular caregiver behaviors such as kangaroo care (KC), are dependent upon the involvement of family. KC, defined as bare skin-to-skin contact between an infant and an adult caregiver, is usually done chest-to-chest. The design of wearables for the caregivers holding the infant patient can make KC easier and be part of wearable medical device design that improves infant patient outcomes.

-Pierre Zana, Jean. "Standards and Cross-Organization of Work: Two Useful Tools for A Prevention of Manual Handling of Patients in the Healthcare Sector." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100471.

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Preventive responses most often made to caregivers are too often "gestures and postures training" type to reduce these occupational hazards. Taking the party to focus on manual handling of patients (MMP), it seemed appropriate to revisit prevention measures being implemented by combining the results of international standardization and reflections on the organization of work. The approach described above has found its place in the training actions in applied ergonomics and prevention of risks related to physical activity for caregivers and their management. The objective is to convey to employees, tools for evaluation of work situations, adapted to their activity for taking into account the ergonomics for reducing the risk occurrence of MSDs. Such an approach fit into the development of working group and the cross disciplinary organizations.

Aguilar Olivera, Albeiro, and Maye Catalina Neira Cardenas. "Ergonomic risk in nurses and caregivers due to patient care and mobilization in senior centers." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002663.

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This paper contains a study related to the risk and ergonomic conditions in nurses and caregivers, who are involved in care and mobilization of patients in senior centers. The results were obtained trought: mixed approach methodology and descriptive scope. Pragmatic techniques and data collection instruments were utilized too, including documentary analysis of work procedures, direct observation, photographic records, and cards adapted to senior centers of the Assistance mobilization of hospitalized patients methodology (MAPO). Among the findings, the critical activities and tasks in the care and mobilization of dependent or non-cooperative patients (NC) and semi-dependent or partially cooperative (PC) have been identified. In addition, other determinations have been made, including: lifting factors, minor aids, wheelchairs, environment and training in the facilities or wards of the senior center, and the calculation of ergonomic risk level, both for nursing staff and caregivers. In sum, this article provides the scientific community with a detailed risk panorama of a population and a work environment that has seen little attention in the literature, allowing the design and development of improvement strategies or the validation of existing ones.

Hughes, Helen, Kerri McEvoy, Christina Faull, Natalie Ayton, and Emma Bowler. "1 What is the experience of caregivers in relation to anticipatory medications?" In Accepted Oral and Poster Abstract Submissions, The Palliative Care Congress 1 Specialty: 3 Settings – home, hospice, hospital 25 – 26 March 2021 | A virtual event, hosted by Make it Edinburgh Live, the Edinburgh International Conference Centre’s hybrid event platform. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2021-pcc.19.

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Kuwahara a, Noriaki, Tsuji Airi a, Taro Asada b, Yasunari Yoshitomi b, Jin Narumoto c, and Kazunari Morimoto a. "The Development of a Mental Support System for the Elderly Living in Depopulated Areas of Japan." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100576.

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We have studied a method to improve the QOL for the elderly receiving facility care, or home care in depopulated areas of Japan by taking advantage of information and communication technology (ICT). As part of these efforts, old photos of the elderly were digitized and uploaded to cloud services. We created an environment to make these images accessible to staff caregivers so that they could utilize the data in various long-term care settings. Multimedia, such as interactive digital photo albums and slide show videos were produced by using uploaded photos. The elderly, along with their families and caregivers enjoyed watching personal images which resulted in stronger relationships with family and the care staff. We also created an environment to introduce and promote video chat software in order to increase the opportunity of communication between the elderly and their significant others. Video chat software makes it possible for the person you are talking with to share reminiscent media, as described above, and to be able to listen from a remote location. Finally, we have organized human resources and collaborated with a local welfare service and a local hospital in order to provide support to the elderly living alone. A method was proposed to build a rapport between the elderly and their support systems..

Sato, Yuta, and Yasushi Kambayashi. "A rehabilitation-through-photographing support system for muscular dystrophy patients." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2023) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002827.

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We propose a system that helps patients of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy to take photos as a part of rehabilitations. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a progressive disease. The disease makes it difficult for patients to walk as their muscles contract and their muscles progressively lose strength.Since the condition of the progresses of the disease and the experience of daily life is different from each other for variety of patients, it is important for caregiver to pay attention not only to physical functions but also to psychological aspects of the patients. Rehabilitation should be based on a holistic perspective. However, functional training tends to focus too much on physical function recovery. Thus, rehabilitation has paid little consideration to the psychological aspect. To alleviate this problem and foster a sense of self-affirmation, we designed and implemented a rehabilitation system that addresses the psychological aspects of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients by having them act autonomic in rehabilitation. Research scientists of nursing have found that the two factors of "self-initiated subject search" and "photography based on internal evaluation criteria" are important for the quality of life of patients as well as their rehabilitations. The two factors, "subject search" and "acting based on internal evaluation criteria" bring positive psychological effects to the patients through the autonomy of the photographing. In order to elucidate the neural basis of the positive psychological effects mediated by autonomy, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects of photography on the psychological mal-adjustment patients brought about by the autonomic actions. In other words, the neural basis behind the positive psychological effect of the act of photography was demonstrated. It is conceivable that the process of taking photographs, i.e., the actions of searching for a subject and pressing the shutter, can improve the psychological stability of patients with muscular dystrophy. The two actions have a combined psychological effect due to the autonomy of the action-takers. On the psychological side, patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy can expand their range of activities for photography and develop curiosity and ambition by taking photos by his own will and force, in contrast to doing monotonic functional training. Taking photos by their own muscle help their psychological well-being as well as rehabilitate their arm and hand muscles. In addition, our system provides semi-automatic management of photos to reduce the burden on caregivers. The system consists of a device that is attached on the user’s wheelchairs to assist taking photos and an application software to send the photos to caregivers. In order to adapt to the muscular dystrophy patients that have weak muscle, we employed a home video game console controller to manipulate the camera in order to press the shutter button. We designed this device easy to use for muscular dystrophy patients to change the directions and angles of the camera and to capture the subject with their weak muscle forces. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our system, we have conduct experiences of the system and succeeded to obtain favorable outcome.

Mayer, M., I. Sampayo, R. Bell Dickson, ML Citron, and AM Brufsky. "Abstract P1-11-06: The experience of caregivers of women with metastatic breast cancer: Insights from the Make Your Dialogue Count survey." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p1-11-06.

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Garrido Silva, Gianina, Juan Manuel Arguello Espinosa, Jessica Gissella Maradey Lázaro, Geidy Alexandra Bayona Velasco, and Angela Dayana Suescun Mejia. "Design and Construction of a Posterior Walker for Older Adults “Moviclinic”." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24307.

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Abstract In recent years, the population of older adults (i.e age over 65) will double from 11% to 22% according to statistics from the World Health Organization (i.e WHO). The assistive devices for gait (i.e Assistive Devices and Mobility Aids, ADMA) allow the movement and mobility of people with reduced abilities to walk, providing additional support of the human body to the ground. Some authors have classified these devices as fixed and mobile. Fixed devices are made up of parallel bars or handrails and mobile devices that include walking sticks, crutches, and walkers. Especially, mobile devices allow the gait to be carried out by leaning on the device so that the patient will have greater stability and balance; as well as autonomy on regular terrain. Likewise, these reduce the risk of complications such as falls and immobilizations, which greatly improves the patient’s functionality and in rehabilitation can help to reduce pain in the muscles and joints by redistributing weight. The “Moviclinic” rear walker is made up of a metal frame, equipped with forearm support and a front safety stop, which provides security for the user and his family. The rear wheels allow to direct the element and with the front wheels regulates the speed. Besides, it has an obstacle detection system which is based on the ultrasound principle, generating an audible alarm when detecting them with two priority levels, and the alarm system activated directly by the user. This feature always allows both the user and his family or caregiver to have peace of mind at all the times. Electronic design is also included. This article aims to show the design, construction and validation of a support device for elderly patients with gait disturbances called “Moviclinic” based on the application of the “Design Thinking” methodology, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and a technological surveillance analysis to make a comparison with current walkers and be able to offer a quality, efficient and affordable product. Finally, the test protocols carried out and the results obtained when testing their operation.

Звіти організацій з теми "Male caregivers":

Walsh, Wendy. Hard times made harder: struggling caregivers and child neglect. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.125.

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Deans, Katherine, Peter Minneci, Lai Wei, Kyle Porter, and Kelly Kelleher. Helping Caregivers and Their Children With Early Appendicitis Make Treatment Decisions With an App. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute® (PCORI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/02.2020.ce.12114350.

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Tafere, Yisak, Louise Yorke, Pauline Rose, and Alula Pankhurst. Understanding the Influences on Girls' Primary Education in Ethiopia from the Perspectives of Girls and Their Caregivers. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/097.

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Over the past two and a half decades, significant progress has been made in relation to girls’ education in Ethiopia. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of girls’ progression, completion, and learning, with girls in more rural and remote areas facing the greatest difficulties. Drawing on data from the RISE Ethiopia qualitative study, we explore the factors at the individual, family, school, and community levels that impact girls’ education and learning from the perspectives of girls themselves. Specifically, we include the views of 15 female students enrolled in Grades 4 and 5 of primary school and of their parents/caregivers from five different regional states in Ethiopia, and across both rural and urban locations. We situate our analysis within the context of the government’s large-scale quality education reform programme (GEQIP-E) that has a specific focus on girls’ education. Our findings highlight the importance of taking account of the heterogeneity of girls’ experiences, including the varied challenges that diverse groups of girls face, and the different challenges they may encounter at distinct stages of their educational journeys. Our findings also highlight the importance of including the perspectives of girls and their families, within the context in which they are located.

MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.

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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.