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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "LVE range"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "LVE range"

Fick, Walter H., Wayne A. Geyer, and John Barbur. "Control of Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in Artillery Range Trials at Ft. Riley, Kansas." Weed Technology 23, no. 4 (December 2009): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-105.1.

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Military bases in the United States were mandated to reduce the amount of pesticide used to 50% of 1993 levels by 2000. Historically, 2,4-D was applied to control common sunflower, which establishes itself in disturbed soils and obstructs gunners' views of targets. A 25-ha lowland field in Camp Forsyth was selected to compare efficacy of alternative herbicides with that of 2,4-D low-volatile ester (LVE), with the goal of reducing the amount of herbicide applied by at least half. Site vegetation was mostly native tallgrass prairie dominated by warm-season C4 grasses (e.g., big bluestem, Indiangrass, little bluestem, and switchgrass) and including less abundant C3 species in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, and other families. Initially, the site had a high population of common sunflower. All herbicide treatments from 3 yr of field trials were highly and equally effective at reducing common sunflower, decreasing stem density by 83 to100%. Treatments that offer substantial reductions in the amount of herbicide applied are chlorimuron (0.01 kg ae/ha), dicamba + 2,4-D amine (0.07 kg ae/ha + 0.20 kg ae/ha), clopyralid + 2,4-D amine (0.06 kg ae/ha + 0.28 kg ae/ha), 2,4-D LVE (0.56 kg ae/ha), and metsulfuron + 2,4-D amine (0.002 kg ai/ha + 0.28 kg ae/ha). Use of these herbicides at Ft. Riley would reduce total active ingredient applied by 73 to 99% and lower chemical costs for this particular use by as much as 88%.

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Zhang, Fei, Lan Wang, Chao Li, and Yongming Xing. "The Discrete and Continuous Retardation and Relaxation Spectrum Method for Viscoelastic Characterization of Warm Mix Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalt Mixtures." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 23, 2020): 3723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173723.

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To study the linear viscoelastic (LVE) of crumb rubber-modified asphalt mixtures before and after the warm mix additive was added methods of obtaining the discrete and continuous spectrum are presented. Besides, the relaxation modulus and creep compliance are constructed from the discrete and continuous spectrum, respectively. The discrete spectrum of asphalt mixtures can be obtained from dynamic modulus test results according to the generalized Maxwell model (GMM) and the generalized Kelvin model (GKM). Similarly, the continuous spectrum of asphalt mixtures can be obtained from the dynamic modulus test data via the inverse integral transformation. In this paper, the test procedure for all specimens was ensured to be completed in the LVE range. The results show that the discrete spectrum and the continuous spectrum have similar shapes, but the magnitude and position of the spectrum peaks is different. The continuous spectrum can be considered as the limiting case of the discrete spectrum. The relaxation modulus and creep compliance constructed by the discrete and continuous spectrum are almost indistinguishable in the reduced time range of 10−5 s–103 s. However, there are more significant errors outside the time range, and the maximum error is up to 55%.

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Armetha, Vallerina, Purwiyatno Hariyadi, Azis Boing Sitanggang, and Sri Yuliani. "The stability of whey protein-stabilized red palm oil emulsion from a rheological perspective." Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati. Fascicle VI - Food Technology 46, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/foodtechnology.2022.2.03.

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The objective of this study was to investigate into the physical stability of whey protein (WP)-stabilized red palm oil (RPO) emulsions based on rheological properties such flow behaviour, viscoelastic properties, apparent viscosity (ηapp), and linear viscoelastic range limits (LVE). RPO emulsification was stabilized by three types WP with different protein content, notably WPI90, WPC80, and WPC76, and the influence of WP type and concentration (2.5-15%) was evaluated. Utilizing the type and concentration of WP used, RPO emulsions with good apparent thermodynamic stability could be formed. All of the emulsions showed shear-thinning flow behaviour with viscous properties (G" >> G′). However, as a result of the different WP types and concentrations utilized, the emulsions produced had varied kinetic stability and rheological properties. Droplet characteristics, such as D10, D50, and D90, ζ potential, and electrical conductivity were determined, and rheological data gained corresponded with these properties to explain emulsion stability. The LVE value reflected the stability of the produced emulsions as well as the ηapp difference. The emulsion stabilized with 15% of WPC76 had optimum physical stability in this study, with an LVE of 7.9%. This study demonstrate that rheological characterization can be employed to assess the stability of WP-stabilized RPO emulsions.

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Zhu, Jiqing, and Xiaohu Lu. "Influence of morphology on high-temperature rheological properties of bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer." Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 15, no. 3 (June 2021): 806–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-021-0731-y.

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AbstractDifferent microstructures of the same polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) were obtained by subjecting the bitumen modified with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer to isothermal annealing at various temperatures. The effects of the morphology on the rheological properties of SBS-modified bitumen were investigated within the high-temperature range. The PMB microstructures were quantitatively evaluated using image analysis. A dynamic shear rheometer was used to measure the rheological parameters of the PMB samples and perform the multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test. A quantitative basis could be established on which to discuss the relationship between the PMB morphology and rheology. The image analysis indicated that conditioning by isothermal annealing evidently led to a difference in the microstructure of the samples. Variation of the thermal history is demonstrated to be a practical way to vary the morphology of the PMB with the same raw materials and formulation. Compared with the two-phase morphology, the single-phase microstructure tended to have a narrower linear viscoelastic (LVE) region of the PMB. Within the LVE region, especially at low frequencies, the homogenous PMB can store more energy when experiencing loadings and is more elastic. Outside the LVE region, based on the MSCR test results, the homogenous morphology could assist in reaching a higher percentage of strain recovery after the creep period.

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Bazzaz, Mohammad, Masoud K. Darabi, Dallas N. Little, and Navneet Garg. "A Straightforward Procedure to Characterize Nonlinear Viscoelastic Response of Asphalt Concrete at High Temperatures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 28 (July 3, 2018): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118782033.

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This paper proposes a straightforward procedure to characterize the nonlinear viscoelastic response of asphalt concrete materials. Furthermore, a model is proposed to estimate the nonlinear viscoelastic parameters as a function of the triaxiality ratio, which accounts for both confinement and deviatoric stress levels. The simplified procedure allows for easy characterization of linear viscoelastic (LVE) and nonlinear viscoelastic (NVE) responses. First, Schapery’s nonlinear viscoelastic model is used to represent the viscoelastic behavior. Dynamic modulus tests are performed to calibrate LVE properties. Repeated creep-recovery tests at variable deviatoric stress levels (RCRT-VS) were designed and conducted to calibrate the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of four types of mixtures used in the Federal Aviation Administration’s National Airport Pavement and Materials Research Center test sections. The RCRT-VS were conducted at 55°C, 140 kPa initial confinement pressure, and wide range of deviatoric stress levels; mimicking the stress levels induced in a pavement structure under traffic. Once calibrated, the model was validated by comparing the model predictions and experimental measurements at different deviatoric stress levels. The predictions indicate that the proposed method is capable of characterizing NVE response of asphalt concrete materials.

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Stieger, Sebastian, Evan Mitsoulis, Matthias Walluch, Catharina Ebner, Roman Christopher Kerschbaumer, Matthias Haselmann, Mehdi Mostafaiyan, et al. "On the Influence of Viscoelastic Modeling in Fluid Flow Simulations of Gum Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142323.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is an important tool as it enables engineers to study different design options without a time-consuming experimental workload. However, the prediction accuracy of any CFD simulation depends upon the set boundary conditions and upon the applied rheological constitutive equation. In the present study the viscoelastic nature of an unfilled gum acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is considered by applying the integral and time-dependent Kaye–Bernstein–Kearsley–Zapas (K-BKZ) rheological model. First, exhaustive testing is carried out in the linear viscoelastic (LVE) and non-LVE deformation range including small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) as well as high pressure capillary rheometer (HPCR) tests. Next, three abrupt capillary dies and one tapered orifice die are modeled in Ansys POLYFLOW. The pressure prediction accuracy of the K-BKZ/Wagner model was found to be excellent and insensitive to the applied normal force in SAOS testing as well as to the relation of first and second normal stress differences, provided that damping parameters are fitted to steady-state rheological data. Moreover, the crucial importance of viscoelastic modeling is proven for rubber materials, as two generalized Newtonian fluid (GNF) flow models severely underestimate measured pressure data, especially in contraction flow-dominated geometries.

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Mangiafico, S., C. Sauzéat, and H. Di Benedetto. "2S2P1D Model Calibration Error from User Panel for One Bitumen and One Bituminous Mixture." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 26, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6547025.

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Анотація:

The objective of this study is to analyse the differences between experimental LVE properties of both a straight-run bitumen and a bituminous mixture and simulations with analogical 2S2P1D (2 Springs, 2 Parabolic elements, and 1 Dashpot) model fitted by 14 different users. Data for the bitumen consisted of isotherms of G∗ and φ obtained from DSR complex modulus tests at 12 different temperatures ranging from −29.9°C to 60.0°C and frequencies ranging from 6.3 to 40 Hz, for a total of 60 data points. Data for the bituminous mixture consisted of isotherms of E∗ and φ obtained from strain-controlled traction/compression complex modulus tests at 8 different temperatures ranging from −29.7°C to 38.8°C and frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 10 Hz, for a total of 55 data points. All users worked independently and for the same time duration of one hour to fit the 2S2P1D model on both sets of data. Successful simulations of experimental data of both bitumen and mixture were generally obtained by all the users over the whole range of frequencies and temperatures, regardless of their familiarity and experience with the model. The accuracy of the model to fit experimental data is all the more evident if the great spans of complex modulus (G∗ of the bitumen between 10−2 and 103 MPa, E∗ of the mixture between 10 and 40000 MPa) are considered. The obtained results highlight the convenience of 2S2P1D model to perform multiscale modelling of LVE behaviour of bituminous materials, from bitumens to mixtures.

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Gulzar, Saqib, and B. Shane Underwood. "Nonlinear Viscoelastic Response of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Binder Under Large Strains." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120907097.

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Agencies have been increasing their use of polymer modified asphalt binders in recent years to address performance issues and lengthen the useful life of their pavements. When deployed these materials likely experience strain levels exceeding their linear viscoelastic (LVE) limits. The same situation exists in non-polymer modified asphalt binders as well, but the effect may be more pronounced in polymer modified systems because of their bi-phasic nature. In this study, terminally blended crumb rubber (CR-TB) modified asphalt is studied to understand and quantify the nonlinear viscoelastic response under large strains. The CR-TB binders are extensively used in pavements subjected to high vehicular loads and extreme climatic conditions; thereby, their response under large strains becomes more critical. The current standard characterization techniques are based on LVE response using small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology only and do not consider the behavior of binders under large strains. In this study, large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) rheology is used as a framework to more thoroughly investigate the complete response of the CR-TB modified asphalt binder under large strains at 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C and at the frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 5 Hz. The LAOS response is analyzed using Fourier-transform rheology and the orthogonal stress decomposition method involving Chebyshev polynomial representation. It is found that nonlinearity manifests greatly in this study material as strain levels increase and frequencies decrease. The relative nonlinearity increases with increasing strain amplitude and is more significant towards lower end of the tested temperature range. The CR-TB binder shows strain-stiffening/softening and shear-thinning/thickening behavior depending upon a specific temperature, strain level, and frequency.

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Falusi, Fanni, Szilvia Berkó, Anita Kovács, and Mária Budai-Szűcs. "Application of Xanthan Gum and Hyaluronic Acid as Dermal Foam Stabilizers." Gels 8, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8070413.

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Foams are increasingly popular in the field of dermatology due to their many advantages such as easy spreading, good skin sensation, and applicability in special skin conditions. One of the critical points of foam formulation is the choice of the appropriate stabilizing ingredients. One of the stability-increasing strategies is retarding the liquid drainage of liquid films from the foam structure. Therefore, our aim was the application of different hydrogel-forming polymers in order to retain the stabilizing liquid film. Dexpanthenol and niacinamide-containing foams were formulated, where xanthan gum and hyaluronic acid were used as foam-stabilizing polymers. Amplitude (LVE range) and frequency sweep (G’, G”, tanδ, and frequency dependency) were applied as structure- and stability-indicating rheological parameters. The rheological data were compared with the results of the cylinder method, microscopical images, and the spreadability measurements.

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Zhang, Yan, and Yiren Sun. "Fast-Acquiring High-Quality Prony Series Parameters of Asphalt Concrete through Viscoelastic Continuous Spectral Models." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030716.

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Prony series representations have been extensively applied to characterizing the time-domain linear viscoelastic (LVE) material functions for asphalt concrete. However, existing methods that can generate high-quality Prony series parameters (i.e., discrete spectra) mostly involve complicated programming algorithms, which poses a challenge for quick access of Prony series parameters. Also, very limited research has been devoted to establishing methods for simultaneously determining both retardation and relaxation spectra. To resolve these issues, this study presented a practical approach to fast acquiring high-quality Prony series parameters for both relaxation modulus and creep compliance of asphalt concrete by using the complex modulus test data. The approach adopts the analytical representations of the continuous relaxation and retardation spectra from the Havriliak-Negami (HN) and 2S2P1D complex modulus models to directly determine the discrete spectra, and the elastic constants, Ee and Dg, for both LVE modulus and compliance functions are further calculated by fitting the corresponding generalized Maxwell model representations to smoothed data from the storage modulus representations of the HN and 2S2P1D complex modulus models. In this way, all the procedures in the proposed method can be easily implemented in Microsoft Excel. The results showed that the HN and 2S2P1D models yielded slightly different continuous spectral patterns at shorter relaxation times and longer retardation times. However, at the region covered by the test data, the continuous spectra of the two complex modulus models were very close to each other. Thus, the two models can generate comparable Prony series parameters within the time or frequency range covered by the test data. Considering that the quality of the resulting Prony series parameters are closely related to the master curve models used for presmoothing, the HN and 2S2P1D models were compared with the conventional Sigmoidal model. Additionally, the Black diagram was recommended for examining the quality of the complex modulus test data before constructing the master curves.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "LVE range"

MOZER, JOEL BARNEY. "LEE VORTICITY PRODUCTION BY TROPICAL MOUNTAIN RANGES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186600.

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Numerical simulations using the Penn State University/NCAR MM4 model are performed to examine a stably stratified, zonal easterly flow past large scale three-dimensional mountain ranges in a rotating, initially barotropic, atmosphere. Upstream blocking by the mountain range diverts the flow primarily to the south and around the mountain. Conservation of potential vorticity results in the formation of a horizontal jet at low levels south of the mountain. This jet is barotropically unstable and leads to a continuous production of synoptic scale vorticity maxima which separate from the mountain and propagate downstream. Numerical simulations using topography representative of the Sierra Madre in Mexico imply that this mechanism may be important in providing some of the initial disturbances which grow into tropical cyclones in the eastern North Pacific Ocean. The wave train produced in the simulations corresponds to waves with 3-7 day periods which have been identified observationally in the eastern North Pacific region. The sensitivity of this effect to the stability of the basic state and the upstream wind speed is investigated. Simulations are also performed which show that the Hoggar and Atlas mountains of west-central Africa block the low-level easterlies resulting in a barotropically unstable jet and a train of vorticity maxima which separate from the mountain and propagate downstream. The spacing of these disturbances is roughly 1600 km and they propagate to the east with a period of about 2.5 days. These characteristics correspond to those of observed waves in the Africa/Atlantic region. It will also be shown that the unique topography of north-central Africa results in a mid-tropospheric easterly jet which has a maximum between 0-10°E and 15-20°N. The location and magnitude of this jet correspond to the so-called African easterly jet which is usually attributed to the strong surface temperature gradients over the continent of Africa. The numerical simulations presented in this work suggest that the mechanical effect of the topography may provide a constant source of energy for the maintenance of the African easterly jet.

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Kogiantis, Achilles, Kiran Rege, and Anthony A. Triolo. "LTE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR COVERAGE AND DOPPLER REDUCTION IN RANGE TELEMETRY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626975.

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A novel approach employing 4G LTE Cellular Technology for Test Range Telemetry is presented. Providing aeronautical mobile telemetry using commercial off the shelf (COTS) cellular equipment poses many challenges, including: Three-dimensional (3D) coverage, need for uninterrupted high data throughputs, and very high Doppler speeds of the Test Articles (TA). Each of these requirements is difficult to meet with a standard cellular approach. We present a novel architecture that provides 3D coverage over the span of a test range, allowing the TA to establish a radio link with base stations that have a manageable Doppler due to the reduced projected TA speed on the radio link line. Preliminary results illustrate that a variety of flight plans can be accommodated with commercial LTE technology by employing LTE’s mobility mechanisms and adding centralized control. The resulting network architecture and Radio Access Network topology allow very high throughputs to be delivered throughout the test range with a judicious placement of base stations.

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Krishnamoorthy, Arvind. "USE OF LTE FOR CELLULAR RANGE TELEMETRY (CRTM): A SIMULATION STUDY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627023.

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The 3GPP LTE standard was primarily designed for terrestrial cellular usage. The potential use of LTE for cellular range telemetry produces some unique technical challenges for LTE technology. In this paper we examine these challenges in detail, and through the use of system level simulations identify the sensitivity of the performance of LTE-based cellular range telemetry system performance to key factors such as the ground station antenna pattern and orientation, the propagation model assumed, the number of transmit and receive antenna at the ground station, altitude of the airborne test article, etc.

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Nyembe, Wiseman Nkosingiphile. "Load balancing using cell range expansion in LTE advanced heterogeneous networks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20338.

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The use of heterogeneous networks is on the increase, fueled by consumer demand for more data. The main objective of heterogeneous networks is to increase capacity. They offer solutions for efficient use of spectrum, load balancing and improvement of cell edge coverage amongst others. However, these solutions have inherent challenges such as inter-cell interference and poor mobility management. In heterogeneous networks there is transmit power disparity between macro cell and pico cell tiers, which causes load imbalance between the tiers. Due to the conventional user-cell association strategy, whereby users associate to a base station with the strongest received signal strength, few users associate to small cells compared to macro cells. To counter the effects of transmit power disparity, cell range expansion is used instead of the conventional strategy. The focus of our work is on load balancing using cell range expansion (CRE) and network utility optimization techniques to ensure fair sharing of load in a macro and pico cell LTE Advanced heterogeneous network. The aim is to investigate how to use an adaptive cell range expansion bias to optimize Pico cell coverage for load balancing. Reviewed literature points out several approaches to solve the load balancing problem in heterogeneous networks, which include, cell range expansion and utility function optimization. Then, we use cell range expansion, and logarithmic utility functions to design a load balancing algorithm. In the algorithm, user and base station associations are optimized by adapting CRE bias to pico base station load status. A price update mechanism based on a suboptimal solution of a network utility optimization problem is used to adapt the CRE bias. The price is derived from the load status of each pico base station. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by means of an LTE MATLAB toolbox. Simulations were conducted according to 3GPP and ITU guidelines for modelling heterogeneous networks and propagation environment respectively. Compared to a static CRE configuration, the algorithm achieved more fairness in load distribution. Further, it achieved a better trade-off between cell edge and cell centre user throughputs. [Please note: this thesis file has been deferred until December 2016]

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Oba, Peter Gufu 1952. "EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED BURNING ON THE NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF LEHMANN LOVEGRASS (ERAGROSTIS LEHMANNIANA)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275481.

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Kaluskar, Vivek P. "An aggressive live range splitting and coalescing framework for efficient registrar allocation." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180247/unrestricted/kaluskar%5Fvivek%5Fp%5F200312%5Fms.pdf.

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Song, Qipeng. "Radio access mechanisms for massive machine communication in long-range wireless networks." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0047/document.

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Анотація:

En tant qu'étape importante vers une société intelligente, hormis la communication d'humain à humain (H2H), les réseaux sans fil de l'avenir devraient prendre en charge la communication machine-à-machine (également connue sous le nom de MTC). Ce dernier est un nouveau paradigme de communication dans lequel les terminaux peuvent parler les uns avec les autres sans ou avec peu d'intervention humaine. Avec la prolifération rapide des applications M2M, un grand nombre de terminaux seront déployés dans de nombreux types d'applications telles que le comptage intelligent, l'automatisation de l'industrie, la télésanté, etc.Cependant, les réseaux sans fil actuels ne sont toujours pas prêts pour écouler correctement le trafic des MTC. La raison en est double. Tout d'abord, l'évolution du réseau sans fil vise à augmenter le débit et à réduire le délai. Deuxièmement, les caractéristiques spéciales des MTC, telles qu'un nombre très élevé de terminaux déployés, une petite charge utile mais une transmission fréquente, un emplacement souvent d'installation défavorable, etc., font que les exigences de H2H ne sont pas partagés par la plupart des cas d'utilisation M2M.À partir de l'état de l'art, nous distinguons deux orientations de recherche possibles pour gérer efficacement le trafic M2M: Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) et adaptation des réseaux cellulaires existants. Pour les deux pistes, les mécanismes d'accès radio, utilisés dans le réseau d'accès radio (RAN) sont d'une importance vitale pour assurer le succès de MTC. De ce point de vue, le mécanisme d'accès radio est le principal objectif de nos études. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les contributions couvrant les aspects susmentionnés.Les contributions de cette thèse sont résumées dans les points suivants:Nous faisons état de l'art sur les études liées à l'efficacité énergétique des MTC de la littérature. La contribution principale de cette enquête est de passer en revue, classifier les travaux de recherche existants dans différentes catégories, et de comparer les avantages et les inconvénients entre les catégories. Nous parlons également des progrès de l'approche basée sur les LPWAN.Nous étudions l'impact de la diversité du niveau de puissance d'émission et du contrôle de puissance imparfait sur les systèmes LPWAN en slotted-ALOHA. Quelques directives de conception perspicaces sont obtenues en manipulant le modèle analytique établi.Nous étudions les performances du système LPWAN avec la diversité de la réception macro. En utilisant la géométrie stochastique, nous établissons des formules simples de forme fermée pour le taux de perte de paquets et le débit spatial. Ces formules sont très utiles pour analyser les réseaux LPWAN (en particulier dans les zones urbaines) et pour quantifier le gain de capacité du système. En rassemblant plusieurs résultats disponibles sur l'analyse de l'ALOHA pure, nous obtenons finalement un cadre de synthèse pour étudier le RAN de LPWAN.En termes d'adaptations au RAN des réseaux LTE, nous analysons d'abord le mécanisme d'accès aléatoire conventionnel dans LTE et identifions les inefficacités existantes. Nous proposons ensuite un service d'interrogation multipériodique pour les cas d'utilisation M2M périodiques. Le service proposé est comparé au mécanisme d'accès aléatoire conventionnel en LTE dans un modèle fluide. Les résultats numériques montrent que le service proposé réduit considérablement la consommation des ressources système telles que l'identificateur temporaire de réseau radio (RNTI), le bloc de ressources (RB) et a une efficacité énergétique supérieure en raison de l'évitement de la procédure d'accès aléatoire et des messages de signalisation associés
As a key step toward a smart society, apart from the Human-to-Human (H2H) communication, the future wireless networks, are expected to accommodate Machine-to-Machine Communication (also known as Machine Type Communication (MTC)). The latter is a new communication paradigm in which the devices can talk with each other without or with little human intervention. With the rapid proliferation of M2M applications, a huge number of devices will be deployed in many types of use cases such as smart metering, industry automation, e-health, etc. However, the current wireless networks are still not ready to hold traffic from MTC. The reason is twofold. First, the evolution of the wireless network seeks for higher throughput and lower latency. Second, the special features that MTC exhibits, such as huge number of deployed devices, small payload but frequent transmission, adverse installation location, etc., lead to that the requirements by H2H are no longer required by most of M2M use cases.From the state-of-the-art work, we find that two possible research orientations to efficiently handle M2M traffic: Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) and adaption of the existing cellular networks. For both of them, the radio access mechanisms, used in Radio Access Network (RAN), is vitally important to make MTC a promising technology. From this view, radio access mechanism is the main focus of our studies. In this thesis, we present the contributions covering the aforementioned aspects: performance evaluation of ALOHA-based LPWAN networks, and a polling service that is an extension to RAN of LTE networks for periodic M2M traffic.The contributions of this thesis are summarized on the following axis: We make a survey about the energy efficiency related studies in the literatures. The main contribution in this survey is to review, classify the existing research works into different categories, and compare the pros and cons between categories. We also review the advances of the LPWAN related study. We study the impact of transmit power level diversity and imperfect power control to the slotted ALOHA based LPWAN systems. Some insightful design guidelines are obtained by manipulating the established analytical model. We study the performance of LPWAN system with macro reception diversity. By stochastic geometry, we get simple closed-form formulas for the packet loss rate and spatial throughput, which were unknown before. These formulas are very useful to analyze LPWAN networks (especially in urban areas) and to quantify the system capacity gain. By gathering several available results about the analysis of non slotted ALOHA, we finally get a synthesis framework to study the RAN of LPWAN. In terms of adaptations to RAN of LTE networks, we first analyze the conventional random access mechanism in LTE and identify the existing inefficiencies. We then propose a multiple period polling service for periodic M2M use cases. The proposed service is compared with conventional random access mechanism in LTE in a fluid model. The numerical results show that the proposed service dramatically reduces the consumption of system resources such as Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), Resource Block (RB) and has a higher energy efficiency due to the avoidance of random access procedure and related signaling messages

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Santos, do Nascimento Hoston Tomas. "Pattern of utilization and response of Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) grazed by cattle." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184519.

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A fifteen month experiment was conducted to study the pattern of utilization of Lehmann lovegrass by cows during different seasons at three stocking rates on four patch types (grazed, open; grazed, under-mesquite; mowed, artificial; and ungrazed control) at the Santa Rita Experimental Range. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of standing biomass, proportion of green material and nutrient content of patch types on the relative time cattle grazed patch types. Cattle biting rate on patch types was also measured. Height of leaves and flowers, dry biomass (kg/ha and %), green biomass (kg/ha) and total biomass were greater on ungrazed patches. Proportion of green was greater in grazed than ungrazed patches. Protein, phosphorus, Calcium and IVDMD were higher in green and complete samples of grazed than ungrazed patches. Cattle concentrated grazing upon upland, open grazed patches and under-mesquite canopy. These selected areas were higher in proportion of green biomass and nutrient value and lower in total standing crop and total green biomass than ungrazed areas. Nutrient density, rather than biomass appeared to govern cattle grazing.

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Bederski, Hans Jurgen 1966. "Adaptation of goat rumen microflora and microfloral activity of non-adapted cow versus goat microflora to tannin rich shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278019.

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Tannins are polyphenolic compounds which precipitate, or conjugate, with proteins to make them indigestible. Tannins appear to confer anti-herbivore defense in shrub live oak (Quercus turbinella), a common browse in the interior chaparral of Central Arizona. The results of the present study indicate that the rumen microflora in goats can adapt to tannin rich diets thereby increasing in vitro dry matter digestibility of shrub live oak leaves. Major digestion inhibitors of shrub live oak appear to be fiber content (NDF, ADF, and lignin) and presence of condensed tannins in the leaves. In vitro dry matter digestibility of oak leaves appears to be higher in rumen microflora from goats than in rumen microflora from cows, although further research is needed to determine digestive efficiency among these species.

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Morris, Scott A., Miguel A. Torrest, Muhanad S. Manshad, and Robert A. McKinley. "Use of TENA for Distributing Telemetry Data Within and Between Test Ranges." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581821.

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Systems of Systems are becoming more the norm in technology applied to tactical military systems. Because of this it is necessary to greatly simplify the way telemetry data is formatted and shared with other systems that depend on near real-time information. This is becoming necessary for developmental testing, operational testing and tactical training in realistic battlefield environments. Interoperable data is necessary to fuse Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) participants to create realistic actual and synthetic environments for both testing and training. This need for simplified data communications is important for testing and training to link participants at different ranges, as well as to link distributed instrumentation capabilities within a single range. Live systems are either deployed tactical systems or developmental systems being evaluated for deployment. Virtual systems consist of actual tactical hardware and software operated in a laboratory environment rather than installed on operating tactical platforms (e.g. aircraft, ships or vehicles) in order to provide realistic data feeds without the expense of operating tactical platforms. Constructive participants consist of models or simulations to provide realistic effects (e.g. weather, electromagnetic threats, adjacent tactical elements, etc.) that are not available, affordable, or practical to use real assets. This Paper will describe the on-going efforts, including successes and lessons learned to-date at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico.

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Книги з теми "LVE range"

Dupuis-Déri, Francis. Love & rage: Roman. Montréal (Qc): Leméac, 1995.

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John, O'Hara. A rage to live. New York: Modern Library, 2004.

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Rage: A love story. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009.

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A rage to live. London: Headline, 1995.

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1954-, Verdicchio Pasquale, ed. A rage of love. Toronto: Guernica, 1996.

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Vatsyayana. The Kama sutra and Anaga ranga. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006.

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Rage & Ice: Love heals all. [Place of publication not identified]: Shan Presents, 2016.

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Rang ta ai wo yi sheng. Taibei Shi: Jiu yi chu ban she, 1993.

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Zhongguo cao di sheng tai huan jing jian she zhan lue yan jiu. Beijing: Zhongguo nong ye chu ban she, 2005.

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Etchepare, John. The history of the Warren Live Stock Company: An American success story. New York: Newcomen Society of the United States, 1993.

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Частини книг з теми "LVE range"

Ravitz, Jeff, and James L. Moody. "Dynamic Range." In Lighting for Televised Live Events, 22–27. First edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429288982-5.

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Li, Peng, Dongsheng Wang, Songliu Guo, Tao Tian, and Weimin Zheng. "Live Range Aware Cache Architecture." In Advances in Computer Systems Architecture, 409–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11859802_37.

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Archer, W. G. "The Rage of Love." In Love Songs of Vidyāpati, 85. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003104216-47.

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Ferrarello, Susi. "Rage or Integrity?" In The Ethics of Love, 30–51. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003221654-3.

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Cooper, Keith D., and L. Taylor Simpson. "Live range splitting in a graph coloring register allocator." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 174–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0026430.

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Sengar, Sandeep Singh, and Neeraj Tyagi. "Cell Range and Capability Analysis of WiMAX and LTE Network." In Advances in Parallel Distributed Computing, 323–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24037-9_32.

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Cintra, Marcelo, and Guido Araujo. "Array Reference Allocation Using SSA-Form and Live Range Growth." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 48–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45245-1_4.

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Braun, Matthias, and Sebastian Hack. "Register Spilling and Live-Range Splitting for SSA-Form Programs." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 174–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00722-4_13.

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Friedl, Sabrina, Magdalena Glas, Ludwig Englbrecht, Fabian Böhm, and Günther Pernul. "ForCyRange: An Educational IoT Cyber Range for Live Digital Forensics." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 77–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08172-9_6.

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Ottoni, Guilherme, Sandro Rigo, Guido Araujo, Subramanian Rajagopalan, and Sharad Malik. "Optimal Live Range Merge for Address Register Allocation in Embedded Programs." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 274–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45306-7_19.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "LVE range"

Nakaike, Takuya, Tatsushi Inagaki, Hideaki Komatsu, and Toshio Nakatani. "Profile-based global live-range splitting." In the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1133981.1134007.

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Wirth, Thomas, V. Venkatkumar, Thomas Haustein, Egon Schulz, and Rudiger Halfmann. "LTE-Advanced Relaying for Outdoor Range Extension." In 2009 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2009-Fall). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2009.5378969.

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Blazy, Sandrine, and Benoit Robillard. "Live-range unsplitting for faster optimal coalescing." In the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1542452.1542462.

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Hyoungwon Seo, Jaeyoon Shim, Seongjung Ha, Young-Sik Kim, and Junho Jeong. "Ultra long range LTE ocean coverage solution." In 2017 24th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2017.7998246.

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Budimlic, Zoran, Keith D. Cooper, Timothy J. Harvey, Ken Kennedy, Timothy S. Oberg, and Steven W. Reeves. "Fast copy coalescing and live-range identification." In the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/512529.512534.

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Schaeckeler, Stefan, and Weijia Shang. "Live Range Splitting at Recursive Function Calls." In 2007 Innovations in Information Technologies (IIT). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iit.2007.4430400.

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Celi, Guillaume, Sylvain Dudit, Thierry Parrassin, Michel Vallet, Philippe Perdu, Antoine Reverdy, and Dean Lewis. "Laser Voltage Imaging: New Perspective Using Second Harmonic Detection on Submicron Technology." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0176.

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Abstract The Laser Voltage Imaging (LVI) technique [1], introduced in 2009, appears as a very promising approach for Failure Analysis application which allows mapping frequencies through the backside of integrated circuits. In this paper, we propose a new range of application based on the study of the LVI second harmonic for signal degradation analysis. After a theoretical study of the impact of signal degradation on the second harmonic, we will demonstrate the interest of this new approach on two case studies on ultimate technology (28nm). This technique is a new approach of failure analysis that maps timing degradation and duty cycle degradation. In order to confirm the degradations we will use the LVP Technique. The last part is two real case studies on which this LVI second harmonic technique was used to find the root cause of a 28nm process issue.

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Srećković, Nikola Z., Jelena S. Katanić Stanković, and Vladimir B. Mihailović. "PHENOLIC CONTENT AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF „LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS“ L. AERIAL PART AND ROOT EXTRACTS." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.395s.

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Lysimachia vulgaris L., also known as yellow loosestrife, is an herbaceous perennial flowering plant from the family Primulaceae. Traditionally, L. vulgaris has been commonly used in Chinese medicine to increase urination, reduce fever, and treat sexually transmitted ailments. This study aimed to investigate phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential of L. vulgaris aerial part (LVA) and root (LVR) methanol extracts. Based on the spectrophotometric determination, both extracts possessed a high level of phenolic compounds. The content of total phenolic compounds (130.14 mg GAE/g) and condensed tannins (120.58 mg GAE/g) was higher in LVR, while total flavonoid (206.93 mg QUE/g) and flavanol (17.02 RUE/g) contents were higher in LVA. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to estimate the antioxidant activity of the extracts, whereby LVR showed better antioxidant potential in both applied methods. The extracts inhibited the growth of most of the tested bacterial and fungal strains with minimal inhibitory concentration values (MICs) ranged between (˂ 0.3125 to 20 mg/mL), whereby the significantly higher antimicrobial activity of LVR was observed. Based on the obtained results, the significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of L. vulgaris root extract may be a basis for its further research and potential application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

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Xiaohong Bao, R. Pajarola, and M. Shafae. "Live Range Visibility Constraints for Adaptive Terrain Visualization." In IEEE Visualization 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/visual.2004.67.

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Yang, Taoli, Lei Yang, and Guoan Bi. "ISAR cross-range scaling algorithm based on LVD." In 2016 39th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2016.7760961.

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Research, Gratis. Oxytocin: The Molecule of Love. Gratis Research, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.010.

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The wide range of applications of oxytocin, the so-called “love hormone”, has garnered the attention of medical researchers to translate the findings into effective treatment strategies and might pave way for developing new therapeutic modalities.

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Hagen Schempf and Daphne D'Zurko. Long-Range Untethered Real-Time Live Gas Main Robotic Inspection System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/892746.

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Steffan, Robert, and Mark Fuller. Immobilization of Energetics on Live Fire Ranges (CU-1229). Revision 1.0. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada463051.

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George C. Vradis and Hagen Schempf. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF EXPLORER: A LONG-RANGE UNTETHERED LIVE GASOLINE INSPECTION ROBOT SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835526.

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Vradis, George C., and Hagen Schempf. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF EXPLORER: A LONG-RANGE UNTETHERED LIVE GASLINE INSPECTION ROBOT SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801215.

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George C. Vradis, Hagen Schempf. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF EXPLORER: A LONG-RANGE UNTETHERED LIVE GASLINE INSPECTION ROBOT SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/825236.

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Dr. George C. Vradis and Dr. Hagen Schempf. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF EXPLORER: A LONG-RANGE UNTETHERED LIVE GASLINE INSPECTION ROBOT SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815463.

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Hagen Schempf. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF EXPLORER: A LONG-RANGE UNTETHERED LIVE GASLINE INSPECTION ROBOT SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822374.

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Atac, Hamza. Precision measurement of quasi-elastic transverse and longitudinal response functions in the range 0.55 GeV/c lte |q-right arrow| lte 1.0 GeV/c. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1435598.

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