Готові списки джерел за темами / Lower control arm

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Lower control arm"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Lower control arm"

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Kim, Gi-Hoon, and Woo-Jong Kang. "Residual Stress of the Lower Control Arm Subjected to Cyclic Loading." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 30, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2006.30.5.602.

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2

Long, P., W. Khalil, and S. Caro. "Control of a Lower Mobility Dual Arm System." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 22 (2012): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120905-3-hr-2030.00120.

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3

Messana, Alessandro, Alessandro Ferraris, Andrea G. Airale, Alessandro Fasana, and Massimiliana Carello. "Enhancing Vibration Reduction on Lightweight Lower Control Arm." Shock and Vibration 2020 (October 16, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8891831.

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This paper describes the design procedure to enhance the damping properties of a multimaterial lightweight suspension arm for a C-segment vehicle. An innovative viscoelastic material has been used to join carbon fiber with steel that has a function of passive constrained layer damper and adhesive simultaneously. Therefore, the hybrid technology applied has been focused on reducing the LCA mass, diminishing the steel thickness, and adding a CFRP tailored cover without compromising the global mechanical performance. Particular attention has been paid to the investigation of the dynamic response in terms of vibration reduction, especially in the range of structure-borne frequencies of 0–600 Hz. Two different viscoelastic materials have been evaluated in such a way to compare their stiffness, damping, and dynamic properties. The experimental test results have been virtually correlated with a commercial FEM code to create the respective material card and predict the real behavior of the LCAs (original and hybrid). The experimental modal analysis has been performed and compared on both the arms highlighting a very good correlation between virtual and experimental results. In particular, the hybrid LCA allows an interesting improvement of damping ratio, about 3,5 times higher for each eigenmode than in the original solution.
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4

Kawahara, Kihiro, Duk Shin, and Yuta Ogai. "Design of a Movable Tensegrity Arm with Springs Modeling an Upper and Lower Arm." Actuators 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12010018.

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Tensegrity is a structure consisting of rigid bodies and internal tensile members, with no contact between the rigid bodies. The model of an arm with a tensegrity structure is not movable as it is, but we believe that it can be made movable and flexible by incorporating springs. We developed an arm that incorporates springs in the arm’s tensile members by extending the model of an arm with a tensegrity structure. Then, as an evaluation of the developed arm, we measured the ranges of motions and the forces required for that motion. We also developed a mechanism that allows the arm to bend and extend. We believe that this method of making the tensegrity arm controllable by incorporating springs will be useful in the development of flexible robotic arms for caregiving using robots and other applications.
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5

Yoo, SangHyuk, Jaehyeok Doh, Juhee Lim, Ohsung Kang, Jongsoo Lee, and Keonwook Kang. "Topologically optimized shape of CFRP front lower control ARM." International Journal of Automotive Technology 18, no. 4 (May 24, 2017): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12239-017-0062-0.

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6

Demli, Uğur Özhan, and Erdem Acar. "Design optimization of armored wheeled vehicle suspension lower control arm." Materials Testing 64, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 932–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2154.

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Abstract In this study, design optimization of the lower control arm, one of the main parts of double wishbone system widely used in the armored wheeled vehicles, is performed. The crucial factor in design is to keep the vehicle weight at a minimum especially for the amphibious vehicles that can operate in both the land and water. In this study, after the validation of the finite element (FE) analysis of suspension lower control arm with on-vehicle tests, weight optimization study is performed by using surrogate models. In FE model validation, strain values are collected with strain-gauge from the lower control arm of the 8 × 8 wheeled vehicle and the similar boundary conditions are applied to the FE model. A surrogate based approach is used in optimization. The training points for surrogate models are generated by using central composite design. Genetic aggregation surrogate modelling technique available in ANSYS Workbench. It is found that the weight of the control arm can be reduced from 25.2 to 21.8 kg, indicating a weight reduction of 13.3%. This leads to approximately 27 kg weight reduction in total for 8 × 8 vehicle. Finally, the performance of the optimized design is evaluated under two off-design quasi-static load scenarios (pothole strike and pavement crushing) that may be exposed on the suspension while the vehicle is in motion and preferred by vehicle manufacturers. It is observed that obtained stress values are below the yield strength of the material, and the off design performance of the control arm is verified with the safety factor of 1.46 for pothole strike scenario, and 1.08 for pavement crushing.
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Zhao, Li Hui, Han Gu, and Qing Quan Hong. "Shape Optimization of Lower Control Arm under Typical Road Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 1996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.1996.

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Structure optimization of lower control arm was performed under three proving ground road conditions to find the best drawbead distribution. First, multi-body dynamics analysis was carried on to determine the deficiency of the lower control arm. Then shape optimization was applied based on the widely used optimization method under static loads by converting dynamic load of the three roads to equivalent static loads. Results of the new design show that the strength and stiffness were increased by 24.3% and 42.9% respectively.
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Nam, Seung Hyun, Hyun Woo Kim, Soon Chan Kwon, Seong Kook Park, In Hee Park, and Yeong Chun Lee. "Design of Hybrid Lower Control Arm using Finite Element Analysis." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - A 44, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2020.44.1.049.

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Wang, Kai, De Sheng Yang, and Da Wei Ma. "Multi-Objective Structure Optimization Design of a Car Lower Control Arm." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.420.

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A multi-objective structure optimization design of a car lower control arm was operated in order to improve both compliance and eigenfrequencies effectively. Based on SIMP (solid isotropic material penalization) method, compromise programming method was adopted to define multi-objective topology optimization. The topological structure of lower control arm was obtained through the optimization, and further, the new structure design. Results verified by FEA show that the new design can simultaneously satisfy the compliance and eigenfrequencies objective, and can meet yield stress requirements.
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Jang, Jaeik, Juhee Lim, and Jongsoo Lee. "Durability Assessment of CFRP Lower Control Arm Using Stress-Life Method." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - A 41, no. 11 (November 30, 2017): 1131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2017.41.11.1131.

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Дисертації з теми "Lower control arm"

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Pearcy, Matthew Todd 1967. "A History of the Mississippi River Commission, 1879-1928: from Levees-Only to a Comprehensive Program of Flood Control for the Lower Mississippi Valley." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277642/.

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In 1879 Congress created the Mississippi River Commission (MRC) to develop and coordinate federal flood control policy for the Lower Mississippi River. Through 1927, that Commission clung stubbornly to a "levees-only" policy that was based on the mistaken belief that levees alone could be effective in controlling the flood waters of the Mississippi River. When the levees failed--and they occasionally did--the MRC responded by raising and strengthening the system but refused to adopt a more comprehensive program, one which would include outlets and reservoirs. Finally, a disastrous flood in 1927 forced the abandonment of levees-only and the adoption of a comprehensive plan for the Lower Mississippi River. Predictably, the MRC faced heavy criticism following the failure of its highly-touted levee system in 1927. While certainly the Commission was culpable, there was plenty of fault to go around and a plethora of mitigating circumstances. Developing a plan for achieving adequate flood control along the lower Mississippi River constituted what was probably the most difficult and complex engineering problem ever undertaken by the U. S. Government. Additionally, there were innumerable political and financial constraints that worked to shape MRC policy. This study will endeavor to tell the story of the MRC from its earliest origins through the landmark 1928 Flood Control Act, and, in the process, give evidence to the reality that the Commission did not function independently. As an organization, it relied upon outside forces for its membership, for its jurisdiction, and for the appropriations necessary to carry out its policies. Significantly, these forces were politically driven and did not always, or even often, share the MRC's priorities for the Lower Mississippi River. Even so, the MRC accomplished a great deal in its efforts to protect the Valley from moderate floods, to improve the navigability of the Mississippi River, and to expand significantly the body of knowledge available on the "Father of Waters."
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Ichaso, Demianiuk Aitor Alexander. "Spatial and temporal controls on the development of heterolithic, Lower Jurassic tidal deposits (Upper Are and Tilje Formations), Haltenbanken area, Offshore Norway." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7196.

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The stratigraphic organization of clastic successions deposited during the early synrift phase is controlled by the rates of tectonic subsidence and the growth of the master faults, which, coupled with eustatic sea-level changes, control the generation of accommodation. The highly heterolithic, Lower Jurassic Upper Åre and Tilje succession (100 to 300 m thick), which occurs in the Halten Terrace of offshore Norway, represents an excellent example of ancient synrift deposits that accumulated within a NNE-SSW-oriented structurally controlled embayment where sedimentation was dominated by tidal currents, with secondary influence by river and wave processes. Overall, the Tilje was deposited in a deltaic setting near the lowstand shoreline, forming a shallowing-upward succession, which is organized in two, thick, tabular second-order sequences. These sequences are separated by two main sequence boundaries (SB2 and SB3) associated with two main rift-related tectonic pulses. The first pulse formed SB2 and is believed to have exerted a major regional control on the geomorphology of the basin, causing a change from an open, wave-dominated setting (upper Åre Fm.) to a funnel-shaped, tide-dominated setting in the Tilje Fm. SB2 shows shallow incision into the underlying Åre Fm., and the overlying sediment accumulated predominantly in a distributary-mouth-bar environment. Sequence 3 rests erosively on Sequence 2, and is characterized by proximal tidal-fluvial distributary-channel fills and mouth-bar deposits showing at least 2 main oblique to axial fluvial input points, one from the N-NW and a second one from the NE, with overall increase in wave influence and deepening toward the S. Local rapid subsidence of elongated narrow hangingwalls associated with the active master faults exerted a subtle control on the succession thickness, as well as a local control on the location of the tidal-fluvial distributary channels by “tectonic axial funnelling” during the onset of the second-order base-level rises. The internal architecture and facies distribution are less complex than other thick tide-dominated successions worldwide, because the rate of creation of accommodation was sufficient to avoid channel amalgamation throughout most of the succession.
Thesis (Ph.D, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-05-09 23:39:27.538
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Книги з теми "Lower control arm"

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1950-, Kenney Charles, ed. Pursuing the triple aim: Seven innovators show the way to better care, better health, and lower costs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012.

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2

J, Potash Warren, ed. Your lower back: You are not alone : a patient and his doctor answer questions and present exercises to help you manage your lower back. Jenkintown, PA: Paragon, 1993.

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3

Mason, Peggy. Voluntary Motor Control. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0020.

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The motor hierarchy uses muscle twitches as building blocks for complex and consciously driven actions requiring neocortical involvement. Cortical regions operate in concert with the cerebellum and basal ganglia to generate well-timed and organized muscle contractions that produce movements, ranging from simple to complex. Once imbued with meaning, these movements are considered actions. Adjustments in motor commands are made to accommodate changes in muscle load, maintain an upright posture, and anticipate and avoid errors. Brainstem motor control centers employ circuits in lower parts of the motor hierarchy to produce fairly complex movements, such as ingestion or locomotion. Since the brain adds meaning to movements, two different actions can share the same component movements and serve different end goals. Brain lesions may independently impair movements made under different contexts. For example, patients may be unable to smile volitionally while retaining the ability to smile in response to a joke.
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4

Burke, David. Motor control: spinal and cortical mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0003.

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There is extensive machinery at cerebral and spinal levels to support voluntary movement, but spinal mechanisms are often ignored by clinicians and researchers. For movements of the upper and lower limbs, what the brain commands can be modified or even suppressed completely at spinal level. The corticospinal system is the executive pathway for movement arising largely from primary motor cortex, but movement is not initiated there, and other pathways normally contribute to movement. Greater use of these pathways can allow movement to be restored when the corticospinal system is damaged by, e.g. stroke, but there can be unwanted consequences of this ‘plasticity’. There is an extensive literature on cerebral mechanisms in the control of movement, and an equally large literature on spinal reflex function and the changes that occur during movement, and when pathology results in weakness and/or spasticity.
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5

Cunningham-Hill, Susan, and Karen Elder. 4. The Nature, Extent, and Recovery of Legal Costs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823193.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on the control and recovery of costs. Topics covered include the discretionary nature of costs awards, the general principle that the loser pays, how the court controls costs incurred, the basis upon which costs orders are made. In addition, the aspects of a legal representative’s work that are recoverable and how they are formulated, as well as the different types of costs order, are explained. This chapter also considers and helps to identify the changes or amendments that may be implemented in the future regarding the amount and recovery of costs in civil litigation.
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Sheehan, Michelle. On the difference between exhaustive and partial control. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815853.003.0006.

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This chapter compares the partial/exhaustive control distinction in Russian, Icelandic and European Portuguese and argues that all three share a common core: genuine partial control readings are only possible where PRO has case. An analysis of these patterns is outlined whereby partial control involves agreement between a higher thematic head and pro in the edge of a lower CP phase. Although this thematic head Agrees with pro, it is unable to attract it to absorb its θ‎-role. As a result, a distinct controller is merged with said thematic head and a condition is imposed at the interface that the controller and pro must be non-distinct, yielding partial control. New evidence is presented for this analysis based on negative controllers and the interaction with wh-movement.
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Cunningham-Hill, Susan, and Karen Elder. 4. The nature, extent, and recovery of legal costs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787655.003.0004.

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This chapter focuses on the control and recovery of costs including: the discretionary nature of costs awards; the general principle that the loser pays; how the court controls costs incurred; the basis upon which costs orders are made; the aspects of a legal representative’s work that are recoverable and how they are formulated; and the different types of costs order. Lord Jackson’s Review is also considered throughout the chapter to help identify the changes in place since 1 April 2013 regarding the amount and recovery of costs in civil litigation and the extent of the potential amendments that may be implemented in the future.
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Couch, James B. Achieving the Quadruple Aim in a Technology-Driven Transformed Health System: Better Care, Improved Health, Lower Costs and Decreased Medical Liability. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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9

Daly, Donna, and Christopher Chapple. Anatomy, neurophysiology, and pharmacological control mechanisms of the bladder. Edited by Christopher R. Chapple. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0034.

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The lower urinary tract has two main functions; the collection and low pressure storage of urine and periodical controlled elimination of urine at an appropriate time. In order to achieve continence during bladder filling and storage and produce efficient and effective bladder emptying, there is accurate coordination between opening and closing of the urethral sphincters and contraction of the detrusor smooth muscle. The process of micturition has two phases: the storage/filling phase and the voiding phase. The analogy for the transition between these two phases has been described as an on-off circuit, rather akin to flicking a light switch, between synchronous bladder contraction and urethral outlet relaxation, and vice versa. These phases are regulated by a complex, integration of somatic and autonomic efferent and afferent mechanisms that coordinate the activity of the bladder and urethra. This chapter provides an overview of our current understanding of these complex mechanisms.
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Couch, James B. Achieving the Quadruple Aim in a Technology-Driven Transformed Health System: Better Care, Improved Health, Lower Costs and Decreased Medical Liability. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "Lower control arm"

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Yuan, Dengmu, Bin Hu, Yong You, and Yonghui Qi. "A Study on Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Rear Bush of Vehicle Lower Control Arm." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 529–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8506-2_36.

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Abu Bakar, S. K., Rosdi Daud, H. Mas Ayu, M. S. Salwani, and A. Shah. "Prediction of Fatigue Failure Location on Lower Control Arm Using Finite Element Analysis (Stress Life Method)." In Advances in Material Sciences and Engineering, 33–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8297-0_5.

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Ridzwan, A. N., A. R. A. Kadir, I. A. Azid, M. N. A. Hamid, T. A. A. Razak, and M. N. Ahmad. "Analysis of the Lower Control Arm in a Front Suspension System Using Finite Element Analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Method." In Progress in Engineering Technology IV, 283–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93250-3_24.

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Wang, Jing, Jinglin Zhou, and Xiaolu Chen. "Global Plus Local Projection to Latent Structures." In Intelligent Control and Learning Systems, 147–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8044-1_9.

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AbstractOwing to the raised demands on process operation and product quality, the modern industrial process becomes more complicated when accompanied by the large number of process and quality variables produced. Therefore, quality-related fault detection and diagnosis are extremely necessary for complex industrial processes. Data-driven statistical process monitoring plays an important role in this topic for digging out the useful information from these highly correlated process and quality variables, because the quality variables are measured at a much lower frequency and usually have a significant time delay (Ding 2014; Aumi et al. 2013; Peng et al. 2015; Zhang et al. 2016; Yin et al. 2014). Monitoring the process variables related to the quality variables is significant for finding potential harm that may lead to system shutdown with possible enormous economic loss.
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Manokruang, Supasit, Frederic Vignat, Matthieu Museau, and Maxime Limousin. "Process Parameters Effect on Weld Beads Geometry Deposited by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM)." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 9–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_3.

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AbstractAmong Additive Manufacturing technologies, Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing process is strongly dependent of deposition conditions such as welding parameters, substrate temperature, trajectory. In this research, geometry and temperature evolutions of single beads have been investigated according to process parameters modifications. For our experiment, a heating device have been used in order to control the substrate temperature from room temperature up to 400 °C. Considering the Cold Metal Transfer technology, welding parameters, Wire Feed Speed (WFS) and Travel Speed (TS), have been modified while keeping a constant ratio λ (WFS/TS). Results indicate that weld bead geometry, height (h) and width (w), is influenced by substrate temperature and welding parameters. It has been shown that substrate temperature, itself influenced by process parameters, tends to produce thicker and lower weld beads while it increases.
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Satpaulina, Yeni Absah, and Rulianda Purnomo Wibowo. "Predictors and Impact of Openness to Change in Asset Management Contract (AMC) Implementation at the Electric Power Service Company." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 511–19. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_65.

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AbstractThe change strategy in asset management implementation is an effort made by the company to deal with the changing business environment. Management decisions with the asset management contract (AMC) mechanism are feared to impact employee satisfaction and employee continuance commitment. This study aims to examine (1) the effect of individual differences (self-esteem, optimism, perceived control) on employee openness in accepting changes in the reorganization of AMC implementation; (2) the effect of context-specific variables (information, participation, self-confidence) on employee openness in accepting changes in the reorganization of AMC implementation; (3) the effect of openness to change to employee job satisfaction; and (4) the effect of openness to change to continuance commitment. Data collection was done through a survey by distributing questionnaires. The subjects of this study were 155 employees from 477 employees in 3 (three) generating units. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The analysis results show that openness to change is successfully predicted from individual differences and context-specific variables (R2 = 0.650), and the job satisfaction and continuance commitment variables are also successfully predicted (R2 = 0.498 and 0.449). It is also found that the self-esteem, information, participation, and self-efficacy variables have positive and significant relationships to the level of openness to change. However, the optimistic variable and perceived control are found to have no significant relationship (p < 0.05). Three context-specific variables and an individual difference variable predict higher levels of acceptance of change, and lower levels of acceptance are associated with lower job satisfaction and lower employee continuance commitment.
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Nishihiro, Jun, Shohei Koike, and Atsushi Ono. "Biodiversity Conservation through Various Citizen Activities in a Flood Control Basin." In Ecological Research Monographs, 225–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_14.

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AbstractFlood control basins (FCBs) are artificially constructed facilities with the potential to conserve the biodiversity of floodplain ecosystems. However, the intensity of disturbance in FCBs is generally lower than that in natural floodplains; thus, habitats for plants with disturbance-dependent life histories and for animals that use temporary waters or mudflats can be lost in the years following FCB construction. Here, the Asahata FCB in Shizuoka city, Japan, was studied as an example, where the species diversity of wetland plants has been conserved as a result of diverse activities. Although most activities had objectives other than biodiversity conservation, they contributed to conserving plant diversity and providing habitats for endangered plants. The FCB is a green infrastructure that not only enables flood control but also supports activities for various purposes. Additionally, its proper use contributes to biodiversity conservation.
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Liverani, Marco, Lauren Oliveira Hashiguchi, Mishal Khan, and Richard Coker. "Antimicrobial Resistance and the Private Sector in Southeast Asia." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 75–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_5.

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Abstract Southeast Asia is considered a regional hotspot for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A commonality across countries in the region, particularly those with lower incomes such as Cambodia, Myanmar, Lao PDR and Vietnam, is the high utilisation of private healthcare providers, often unregulated, which may play a role in driving AMR. In this chapter we discuss challenges to the control of AMR in Southeast Asia, with a focus on the role of the private sector. After providing an overview of the problem and current policy responses, we consider ethical issues of equity and fairness that may arise from the implementation of established and proposed interventions.
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Ortes, Faruk, Derya Karabulut, and Yunus Ziya Arslan. "General Perspectives on Electromyography Signal Features and Classifiers Used for Control of Human Arm Prosthetics." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 1–17. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7359-3.ch001.

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Physically handicapped people encounter various kinds of obstacles and difficulties in their daily lives due to the restricted ability of motion. Assistive technologies represent a crucial challenge of scientific studies to overcome such an issue of reducing quality of life. Assistive devices such as wheelchairs, orthoses, and prostheses are designed and built to contribute rehabilitation progress and to regain lost functions. Although human body parts have intricate forms and functions, artificial devices and components integrating to the body are anticipated to compensate the fundamental functions related to user's demands. Upper- or lower-arm amputations also result in severe cosmetic matters. However, what is more important and obtrusive is the loss of primary functions including manipulating and grasping the objects besides the locomotor tasks which are performed by the human body during daily activity.
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Lau, RWL, KY Cheuk, EMS Tam, SSC Hui, JCY Cheng, and TP Lam. "Feasibility and effects of 6-month home-based digitally supported E-Fit program utilizing high-intensity interval exercises in girls with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled pilot study." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210466.

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients have lower physical activities when compared with healthy controls, and are associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD), muscle strength and poorer quality of life (QoL). We aimed to assess the feasibility and effects of 6-month home-based digitally supported E-Fit comprised of high-intensity interval exercises for AIS patients. 40 AIS girls aged 11-14 were randomly assigned to E-Fit or control group. E-Fit group participated in an online 6-month home-based exercise program. At baseline, 6-months and 12-months follow-up, BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle functions, physical activity using Modified Baecke Questionnaire (MBQ), and QoL using Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22r) and feedback questionnaire were investigated. 14 in E-Fit and 16 in control group completed the study. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. At 6-months, E-Fit group showed better improvement and significant interaction effect in left femoral neck bone mineral content (p=0.021) and isometric curl up test (p=0.04). Left arm lean mass showed better improvement between 6-months and 12-months follow-up (p=0.046) and whole-body areal BMD had significant interaction effect at 12-months follow-up (p=0.077). Improvement on self-image, work and sports participation were noted in E-Fit group across time. 70% of E-Fit participants were positive towards domestic application via online platform. E-Fit showed some benefits on bone health, muscle functions, physical activity and QoL measures. Current study indicated some potential physical and psychological benefits of E-Fit for AIS girls. E-Fit was feasible to conduct online at home and might have value of promoting exercise habits among relatively inactive AIS girls.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Lower control arm"

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Huang, Miinshiou, Miguel Eguia, and Tau Tyan. "Crashworthiness Simulation of Lower Control Arm Impact Tests." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0361.

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Hussain, Zakia, and Norsinnira Zainul Azlan. "Human lower arm analysis during different eating activities." In 2017 IEEE 8th Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgrc.2017.8070575.

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Hope, Stephem William, Gustavo Nunes Pinto Villela Conrado, Alexandre De Paula Pinto, João Luís Corradini Quaglia, Dominique Cadiot, and Charles Pintos. "Lower Control Arm Rear Bushing Development An Integrated Approach." In SAE Brasil 2003 Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3676.

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Trifan, Adrian, Neil Bishop, Stuart C. Kerr, Vidya Avadutala, and Paresh Murthy. "Vector Load Simplified Duty Cycle for Lower Control Arm." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1058.

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Eguia, Miguel A., Miinshiou Huang, and Tau Tyan. "Impact Testing of Lower Control Arm for Crashworthiness Simulation." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0352.

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Sun, Zhengdi, Chunbao Wang, Jianjun Wei, Jinfeng Xia, Tong Wang, Quanquan Liu, Lihong Duan, Yulong Wang, and Jianjun Long. "Development of Dual-arm Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot for Hemiplegic Patients." In 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8865994.

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Fuchs, Hannes, and Richard Salmon. "Lightweight MacPherson Strut Suspension Front Lower Control Arm Design Development." In SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-0562.

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Messana, Alessandro, Lorenzo Sisca, Alessandro Ferraris, Andrea Giancarlo Airale, and Massimiliana Carello. "Lightweight Design of a Multi-Material Suspension Lower Control Arm." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22323.

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Abstract This paper is focused on the design, analysis and testing of a multi-material (carbon fibre and steel) Lower Control Arm (LCA) of a McPherson suspension for a C segment vehicle. Therefore, starting from the existing component (made of steel), the LCA mass has been reduced by using a hybrid technology, diminishing the steel thickness and adding a carbon fiber tailored cover without compromising the mechanical performance in terms of stiffness and stress distribution. In so doing, it has been possible to evaluate the potential and the capabilities of the hybridization without re-designing the component totally. In particular, it has been developed a specific methodology that combines both virtual and experimental procedures to face the hybridization challenges of mechanical coupling, safety and lightweight. For these reasons, the multi-material lower control arm represents a noticeable case study in which this methodology has been applied, correlated and validated.
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Pawi, F. T., Rosdi Daud, H. Mas Ayu, Tedi Kurniawan, S. H. Tomadi, M. S. Salwani, and A. Shah. "Design and analysis of lightweight polyetheretherketone (PEEK) front lower control arm." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMOTIVE INNOVATION GREEN ENERGY VEHICLE: AIGEV 2018. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5085969.

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Krishna, Murali M. R., and Aaron Stange. "Topology and Classical Shape Optimization of a Lower Control Arm: A Case Study." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99173.

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This paper addresses the design of a lower control arm of a sport utility vehicle. Four worst load cases were identified and for each of them the forces and moments at each of the three ends of the arm were obtained as input. There was also some space constraint within which the arm had to be designed. A finite-element based methodology is presented here to design a lower control arm. First Topology optimization is applied to get an overall approximate shape within the design space. This process is similar to finding out a load path for the structure to withstand the loads. This shape is then sized to withstand all the loads using classical shape optimization techniques. Shape vectors, which are the most important inputs for shape optimization, are generated for the different regions of the control arm. This case study illustrates the complete process of topology and shape optimizations to get a final design of the lower control arm.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Lower control arm"

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Ajzenman, Nicolás, Gregory Elacqua, Luana Marotta, and Anne Sofie Olsen. Order Effects and Employment Decisions: Experimental Evidence from a Nationwide Program. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003558.

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In this paper, we show that order effects operate in the context of high-stakes, real-world decisions: employment choices. We experimentally evaluate a nationwide program in Ecuador that changed the order of teaching vacancies on a job application platform in order to reduce teacher sorting (that is, lower-income students are more likely to attend schools with less qualified teachers). In the treatment arm, the platform showed hard-to-staff schools (institutions typically located in more vulnerable areas that normally have greater difficulty attracting teachers) first, while in the control group teaching vacancies were displayed in alphabetical order. In both arms, hard-to-staff schools were labeled with an icon and identical information was given to teachers. We find that a teacher in the treatment arm was more likely to apply to hard-to-staff schools, to rank them as their highest priority, and to be assigned to a job vacancy in one of these schools. The effects were not driven by inattentive, altruistic, or less-qualified teachers. The program has thus helped to reduce the unequal distribution of qualified teachers across schools of different socioeconomic backgrounds.
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Larsen, Jeffrey A., Justin V. Anderson, Darci Bloyer, IV Devine, Gibbons Thomas, Vaughan Rebecca D., and Christina. Qualitative Considerations of Nuclear Forces at Lower Numbers and Implications for Future Arms Control Negotiations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567531.

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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, West Bishop, Christopher Grasso, Kaitlin Volk, and Kurt Getsinger. Chemical management strategies for starry stonewort : a mesocosm study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42040.

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US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved algaecides and herbicides are frequently utilized to manage nuisance algae and aquatic macrophytes. However, there is limited information available on the effectiveness of these products for the management of starry stonewort. Thus, the goal of this research was to discern effective chemical control products for later growth stages of starry stonewort using mesocosm studies. Eleven treatments were evaluated using various combinations of four copper-based products, endothall, diquat, and carfentrazone – all with USEPA registrations for use in aquatic sites. To assess treatment efficacy, water quality, photophysiology, biomass changes, and bulbil viability were evaluated. Nine of the eleven treatments yielded lower dissolved oxygen concentrations and higher specific conductance when compared to the control. Photophysiological response varied by condition, but seven of eleven treatments resulted in significantly lower fluorescent and maximum fluorescent yield. Five of these also exhibited significantly lower average photosynthetic yields, with combination treatments resulting in more drastic decreases. Ten of the eleven treatments had significantly less biomass compared to the control when measured via wet weight; however, only four treatments were significant when measured via dry weight. Lastly, all conditions utilizing copper-based products significantly reduced bulbil viability while non-copper products had no impact.
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Avellán, Leopoldo, Arturo Galindo, Giulia Lotti, and Juan Pablo Rodríguez Bonilla. Open configuration options Bridging the Gap: Mobilization of Multilateral Development Banks in Infrastructure. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004006.

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We explore how Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) can help to fill a large infrastructure financing gap in developing countries by indirectly mobilizing resources from other entities. The analysis focuses on more than 6,500 transactions in 2005-2020 to developing and emerging markets from the Infrastructure Journal database. Using granular data, we analyze the dynamics of flows from different actors to infrastructure at the country-subsector level, and control for a wide range of fixed effects. MDB lending significantly increases the inflows from other sources. Cross-border and domestic resources are mobilized from both the public and the private sectors. Effects exhibit country heterogeneity. Mobilization occurs in countries of all income levels, though it is stronger in low and lower-middle income countries. In countries that use capital controls frequently mobilization effects are undermined. When the global financial crisis of 2008 hit, no difference in mobilization effects was found, unlike the COVID-19 pandemic when mobilization effects were weakened. The findings survive a long battery of robustness checks, and no evidence of anticipation effects is found.
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Chen, Liming, David Raitzer, Rana Hasan, Rouselle Lavado, and Orlee Velarde. What Works to Control COVID-19? Econometric Analysis of a Cross-Country Panel. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200354-2.

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The paper examines the effects of nonpharmaceutical interventions on transmission of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as captured by its reproduction rate 𝑅t. Using cross-country panel data, the paper finds that while lockdown measures have strong effects on 𝑅t, gathering bans appear to be more effective than workplace and school closures. Ramping up the testing and tracing of COVID-19 cases is found to be especially effective in controlling the spread of the disease where there is greater coverage of paid sick leave benefits. Workplace and school closures are found to have large negative effects on gross domestic product compared with other measures, suggesting that a more targeted approach can be taken to keep the epidemic controlled at lower cost.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Mackie, S. J., C. M. Furlong, P. K. Pedersen, and O. H. Ardakani. Stratigraphy, facies heterogeneities, and structure in the Montney Formation of northeastern British Columbia: relation to H2S distribution. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329796.

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In the last decade, the Lower Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) has undergone significant development, providing a rich dataset to study structural, stratigraphic, and facies control on the variations in hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas content. Splitting the siltstone dominated Montney into the three regional members (i.e., Lower Montney, Middle Montney, and Upper Montney) allows for detailed analysis on the enrichment of H2S within a local-scale study area in northeastern British Columbia (BC). Within this study area, Upper Montney H2S content increases within individual parasequences both up-dip and towards the east. In addition to potential up-dip migration, there may be greater sulphur-bearing components in the east, allowing for the sulphate reduction required to generate H2S. The overlying Middle Triassic thins eastward, providing proximity to the overlying anhydrite-rich beds of the Upper Triassic Charlie Lake Formation. Further, the overlying Middle Triassic Sunset Prairie Formation has an erosional edge that corresponds with eastern elevated H2S concentrations within the Upper Montney unit. Mapped structures are syn-depositional to the Middle Triassic, potentially providing conduits for early sulphate-rich fluid migration. In the Middle and Lower Montney, elevated H2S generally occurs with proximity to the top of the Permian Belloy Formation. Within this study area, limited Lower Montney data is available and thus needs to be further corroborated with regional data. Both the Middle and Lower Montney display elevated H2S in trends that generally align with mapped faults. The faults may have acted as conduits for sulphate-rich fluids to migrate during early burial then migrate laterally through facies that may have been permeable during early burial, such as the carbonate-rich facies at the boundary between the Middle and Lower Montney. Further core and isotope analyses are required to fully understand this relationship.
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Cuadra, Gabriel, and Victoria Nuguer. Research Insights: How Can Macro-Prudential Policy Control the Impact of Cross-Border Bank Flows on Emerging Market Economies? Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003327.

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Advanced economies (AEs) transmit economic crisis to Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) through cross-border bank flows, impacting their output, credit, and assets prices. Empirical evidence suggests that the transmission of the crisis from AEs to EMEs is higher in the absence of macro-prudential policy. A macro-prudential policy in the form of a levy on EMEs banks, when credit grows faster than deposits, reduces the propagation of AEs crisis to EMEs: the consumption drop is 12 percent lower, and the reaction of the labor market smoother, so consumers are better off with the policy than without it.
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Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor, and Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.

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Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.
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Bhatt, Parth, Curtis Edson, and Ann MacLean. Image Processing in Dense Forest Areas using Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). Michigan Technological University, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.michigantech-p/16366.

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Imagery collected via Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) platforms has become popular in recent years due to improvements in a Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera (centimeter and sub-centimeter), lower operation costs as compared to human piloted aircraft, and the ability to collect data over areas with limited ground access. Many different application (e.g., forestry, agriculture, geology, archaeology) are already using and utilizing the advantages of UAS data. Although, there are numerous UAS image processing workflows, for each application the approach can be different. In this study, we developed a processing workflow of UAS imagery collected in a dense forest (e.g., coniferous/deciduous forest and contiguous wetlands) area allowing users to process large datasets with acceptable mosaicking and georeferencing errors. Imagery was acquired with near-infrared (NIR) and red, green, blue (RGB) cameras with no ground control points. Image quality of two different UAS collection platforms were observed. Agisoft Metashape, a photogrammetric suite, which uses SfM (Structure from Motion) techniques, was used to process the imagery. The results showed that an UAS having a consumer grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) onboard had better image alignment than an UAS with lower quality GNSS.
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