We are proudly a Ukrainian website. Our country was attacked by Russian Armed Forces on Feb. 24, 2022.
You can support the Ukrainian Army by following the link: https://u24.gov.ua/.
Even the smallest donation is hugely appreciated!
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Low winds".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Tomaru, Ryota, Chris Done, Ken Ohsuga, Mariko Nomura, and Tadayuki Takahashi. "The thermal-radiative wind in low-mass X-ray binary H1743−322: radiation hydrodynamic simulations." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 3098–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2738.
Abstract Blueshifted absorption lines are seen in high inclination black hole binary systems in their disc-dominated states, showing these power an equatorial disc wind. While some contribution from magnetic winds remain a possibility, thermal and thermal-radiative winds are expected to be present. We show results from radiation hydrodynamic simulations that show that the additional radiation force from atomic features (bound–free and lines) is important along with electron scattering. Together, these increase the wind velocity at high inclinations, so that they quantitatively match the observations in H1743−322, unlike purely thermal winds that are too slow. We highlight the role played by shadowing of the outer disc from the (subgrid) inner disc Compton heated layer, and show that the increase in shadow from the higher Compton temperature after the spectral transition to the hard state leads to strong suppression of the wind. Thermal-radiative winds explain all of the spectral features (and their disappearance) in this simplest wind system and magnetic winds play only a minor role. We speculate that thermal-radiative winds can explain all the spectral features seen in the more complex (larger disc size) binaries, GRO J1655−40 and GRS 1915+105, without requiring magnetic winds.
2
Samelson, R. M., and P. L. Barbour. "Low-Level Jets, Orographic Effects, and Extreme Events in Nares Strait: A Model-Based Mesoscale Climatology." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 4746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2326.1.
Abstract A mesoscale atmospheric model, nested in operational global numerical weather prediction fields, is used to estimate low-level winds and surface wind stress through Nares Strait, between Ellesmere Island and Greenland, during 2 yr from August 2003 to July 2005. During most of the year, the model low-level winds are dominated by intense, southward along-strait flow, with monthly-mean southward 10-m winds reaching 10 m s−1 in winter. Summertime flow is weak and distributions of hourly along-strait winds during the 2-yr period are strongly bimodal. The strong southward low-level winds are associated with ageostrophic, orographically channeled flow down the pressure gradient from the Lincoln Sea to Baffin Bay and are highly correlated with the pressure difference along Nares Strait. The 2-yr means and leading EOFs of monthly-mean 10-m winds and wind stress place the strongest winds and stress in the southern parts of Smith Sound and of Kennedy Channel, at the openings to Baffin Bay and Kane Basin, at known sites of polynya formation, including the North Water polynya in Smith Sound, suggesting that the locally intensified winds may cause these persistent polynyas. An intense wind event observed in Nares Strait by a field camp, with surface winds exceeding 30 m s−1, generally follows the typical pattern of these low-level flows. Based on the model correlation of winds and pressure difference, a 51-yr time series of estimated winds in Nares Strait is reconstructed from historical surface pressure measurements at Thule, Greenland, and Alert, Canada. The pressure difference and reconstructed wind time series are correlated with the Arctic Oscillation at annual and longer periods, but not on monthly periods.
3
SURESH, R. "An account of low level wind shear over Chennai airport - Part II : Turbulence and eddy dissipation." MAUSAM 60, no. 3 (November 27, 2021): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v60i3.1104.
In-flight reports on Low Level Wind Shear (LLWS) received from aircrafts are used to issue wind shear alerts for all subsequent landing aircrafts as per standing guidelines of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO). In this paper, winds reported by aircrafts at 1000 and 1800 ft. are used to validate the wind estimated from DWR measured radial wind data employing standard algorithms. Turbulence indices and parameters have been computed independently using conventional (RS/RW) upper air data, aircraft measured winds and DWR estimated winds and compared these with wind shear induced turbulence reported by aircrews. Mean power law (wind escalation law) profiles in the boundary layer have been arrived at for unstable and stable atmospheric conditions.
Three dimensional shear (3DS) upto 600 m a.g.l. has been worked out from DWR measured radial velocity data and compared with wind shear computed from RS/RW and aircraft measured winds and DWR estimated winds. It is found that 3DS values of more than 16 * 10-3 s-1 predict well the occurrence of moderate turbulence. Contrary to the general belief that wind shear is a short lived phenomenon which may last for a few minutes only, it has been observed that incidences of LLWS and induced moderate turbulence lasting more than 10 hrs are not at all uncommon over Chennai aircraft.
4
Caton Harrison, Thomas, Stavroula Biri, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, John C. King, Elizabeth C. Kent, Étienne Vignon, and John Turner. "Reanalysis representation of low-level winds in the Antarctic near-coastal region." Weather and Climate Dynamics 3, no. 4 (December 2, 2022): 1415–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-1415-2022.
Abstract. Low-level easterly winds encircling Antarctica help drive coastal currents which modify transport of circumpolar deep water to ice shelves, and the formation and distribution of sea ice. Reanalysis datasets are especially important at high southern latitudes where observations are few. Here, we investigate the representation of the mean state and short-term variability of coastal easterlies in three recent reanalyses, ERA5, MERRA-2 and JRA-55. Reanalysed winds are compared with summertime marine near-surface wind observations from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and surface and upper air measurements from coastal stations. Reanalysis coastal easterlies correlate highly with ASCAT (r= 0.91, 0.89 and 0.85 for ERA5, MERRA-2 and JRA-55, respectively) but notable wind speed biases are found close to the coastal margins, especially near complex orography and at high wind speeds. To characterise short-term variability, 12-hourly reanalysis and coastal station winds are composited using self-organising maps (SOMs), which cluster timesteps under similar synoptic and mesoscale influences. Reanalysis performance is sensitive to the flow configuration at stations near steep coastal slopes, where they fail to capture the magnitude of near-surface wind speed variability when synoptic forcing is weak and conditions favour katabatic forcing. ERA5 exhibits the best overall performance, has more realistic orography, and a more realistic jet structure and temperature profile. These results demonstrate the regime behaviour of Antarctica's coastal winds and indicate important features of the coastal winds which are not well characterised by reanalysis datasets.
5
Shimada, Teruhisa. "Structures and Seasonal Variations of Surface Winds Blowing through the Tsushima Strait." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 49, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jamc2301.1.
Abstract Surface winds blowing through the Tsushima Strait are statistically investigated using satellite wind measurements and atmospheric reanalysis data. This study first presents structures and seasonal variations of the northeasterly and southwesterly along-strait winds by imposing newly proposed conditions for defining them. Although the speeds of the northeasterly along-strait winds are generally high within the entire strait, the maximum wind speeds are located downwind of the two channels. The southwesterly along-strait winds start to accelerate at the west exit within the strait. Weak-wind regions are formed in the lee of Tsushima Island in both cases. The occurrence frequencies of the northeasterly and southwesterly along-strait winds are high (low) in the warm (cool) season. The northeasterly along-strait winds are more often observed than the southwesterly along-strait winds. The frequency of the northeasterly along-strait wind is extraordinarily high in September, but the averaged wind speed is comparable to those in the other months. Most of the southwesterly along-strait wind cases fall within low-Froude-number regimes, suggesting the significant effects of Tsushima Island on the wind in the strait. Synoptic situations favorable for the along-strait winds are investigated. Correlations between the along-strait wind component and sea level pressure (SLP) indicate that the along-strait winds are induced by SLP perturbations primarily over the Japan Sea and secondarily on the south of the strait. In addition, cluster analysis of the SLP fields shows four representative SLP fields favorable for the along-strait winds and their monthly occurrence frequencies.
6
Hughes, Christopher P., and Dana E. Veron. "Characterization of Low-Level Winds of Southern and Coastal Delaware." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 1 (January 2015): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0011.1.
AbstractWinds across the Delaware Peninsula transport pollutants, modify the temperature, and play a critical role within the state’s agricultural and tourism industries. The low-level winds inland and near Delaware’s coastline are characterized using observations from eight meteorological stations operated by the Delaware Environmental Observing System and the National Data Buoy Center from 2005 through 2012. The low-level winds have pronounced dominant directions during the summer (southwest/southeast) and winter (northwest) seasons, with the greatest spatial and temporal variability occurring in the summer. This inhomogeneity was further investigated with a set of simulations of the low-level winds over the Delaware Bay and surrounding landmass using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model for a subset of days from 2006 through 2012. The model was run with three nests, with the inner nest having a 2-km horizontal resolution. The randomly selected days were organized by synoptic type and season. Mesoscale wind events such as the sea-breeze circulation introduce significant variability in the local wind field of coastal Delaware—an effect that is seen in both observed and modeled data. Southerly winds off Delaware’s coast frequently shift counterclockwise up the Delaware Bay in alignment with the bay coastline. Long-term data from station B44009 (1984–2012) indicate a May decrease (0.03 m s−1 yr−1; significance p = 0.026) and an October increase (0.04 m s−1 yr−1; p = 0.006) of the mean wind speed. Results suggest that the local wind regime is multifaceted and contains significant seasonal, diurnal, and spatial variations.
7
Rajaram, R., and S. Gurubaran. "Seasonal variabilities of low-latitude mesospheric winds." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 2 (February 28, 1998): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0197-4.
Abstract. Observations of mesospheric winds over a period of four years with the partial reflection radar at Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E), India, are presented in this study. The emphasis is on describing seasonal variabilities in mean zonal and meridional winds in the altitude region 70–98 km. The meridional winds exhibit overall transequatorial flow associated with differential heating in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. At lower altitudes (70–80 km) the mean zonal winds reveal easterly flow during summer and westerly flow during winter, as expected from a circulation driven by solar forcing. In the higher altitude regime (80–98 km) and at all altitudes during equinox periods, the mean zonal flow is subjected to the semi-annual oscillation (SAO). The interannual variability detected in the occurrence of SAO over Tirunelveli has also been observed in the data sets obtained from the recent UARS satellite mission. Harmonic analysis results over a period of two years indicate the presence of long-period oscillations in the mean zonal wind at specific harmonic periods near 240, 150 and 120 days. Results presented in this study are discussed in the context of current understanding of equatorial wave propagation.Key words. Meteorological and atmospheric dynamics · General circulation · Middle atmosphere dynamics · waves and tides.
8
Furevik, Birgitte Rugaard, Harald Schyberg, Gunnar Noer, Frank Tveter, and Johannes Röhrs. "ASAR and ASCAT in Polar Low Situations." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32, no. 4 (April 2015): 783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-14-00154.1.
AbstractForecasting and monitoring polar lows are, to a large degree, based on satellite observations from passive radiometers and from scatterometer winds in addition to synoptic observations and numerical models. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) brings higher resolution compared to other remotely sensed sources of ocean wind, such as scatterometer data and passive microwave wind products. The added information in polar low situations from SAR and the increased-resolution scatterometer wind fields are investigated. Statistically, higher variability in the MetOp Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) wind is clearly found during polar low situations compared to all situations. Slightly more variability is also seen in the ASCAT 12.5-km wind product compared to the operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model surface winds. In two analyzed polar low cases, Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Advanced SAR (ASAR) images reveal numerous interesting features, such as the sharp fronts and the location and strength of the strongest wind field in the polar low. It is likely that if SAR images are available to operational weather forecasting, that it can in some cases lead to earlier detection of polar lows. However, a reliable wind field from SAR is still needed.
9
Karnauskas, Kristopher B., Antonio J. Busalacchi, and Raghu Murtugudde. "Low-Frequency Variability and Remote Forcing of Gap Winds over the East Pacific Warm Pool." Journal of Climate 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2008): 4901–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli1771.1.
Abstract The low-frequency variability of gap winds at the Isthmuses of Tehuantepec and Papagayo is investigated using a 17-yr wind stress dataset merging the remotely sensed observations of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite sensors. A decadal signal is identified in the Tehuantepec gap winds, which is shown to be related to the Atlantic tripole pattern (ATP). Using linear regression and spectral analysis, it is demonstrated that the low-frequency variability of the Tehuantepec gap winds is remotely forced by the ATP, and the Papagayo gap winds are primarily governed by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with the ATP being of secondary importance. The Tehuantepec (Papagayo) time series of wind stress anomalies can be better reconstructed when the local cross-isthmus pressure difference and large-scale climate information such as the ATP (ENSO) are included, suggesting that there is important information in the large-scale flow that is not transmitted directly through the background sea level pressure gradient. The geostrophic modulation of the easterly trades in the western Caribbean also serve as a remote driver of the Papagayo gap winds, which is itself not fully independent from ENSO. Finally, it is suggested that precipitation variability in the Inter-Americas region is closely related to the same remote forcing as that of the Tehuantepec gap winds, being the ATP and associated large-scale atmospheric circulation.
10
Parsons, Timothy N., Raman K. Prinja, Matheus Bernini-Peron, Alex W. Fullerton, Derck L. Massa, Lidia M. Oskinova, Daniel Pauli, Matthew J. Rickard, and Andreas A. C. Sander. "Optically thick structure in early B-type supergiant stellar winds at low metallicities." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527, no. 4 (December 23, 2023): 11422–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3966.
ABSTRACT Accurate determination of mass-loss rates from massive stars is important to understand stellar and galactic evolution and enrichment of the interstellar medium. Large-scale structure and variability in stellar winds have significant effects on mass-loss rates. Time-series observations provide direct quantification of such variability. Observations of this nature are available for some Galactic early supergiant stars but not yet for stars in lower metallicity environments such as the Magellanic Clouds. We utilize ultraviolet spectra from the Hubble Space Telescope ULLYSES program to demonstrate that the presence of structure in stellar winds of supergiant stars at low metallicities may be discerned from single-epoch spectra. We find evidence that, for given stellar luminosities and mean stellar wind optical depths, structure is more prevalent at higher metallicities. We confirm, at Large Magellanic Cloud (0.5 Z⊙), Small Magellanic Cloud (0.2 Z⊙), and lower (0.14–0.1 Z⊙) metallicities, earlier Galactic results that there does not appear to be correlation between the degree of structure in stellar winds of massive stars and stellar effective temperature. Similar lack of correlation is found with regard to terminal velocity of stellar winds. Additional and revised values for radial velocities of stars and terminal velocities of stellar winds are presented. Direct evidence of temporal variability, on time-scales of several days, in stellar wind at low metallicity is found. We illustrate that narrow absorption components in wind-formed profiles of Galactic OB stellar spectra remain common in early B supergiant spectra at low metallicities, providing means for better constraining hot, massive star mass-loss rates.
Anderson, Bruce T. "Investigation of summertime low-level winds over the Gulf of California and the Southwestern United States /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035918.
Dahmer, Marc R. Market Patrick S. "Investigating near-surface wind fields as influenced by low-level jet occurrences in Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6555.
The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 13, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Patrick S. Market Includes bibliographical references.
3
Steinhoff, Daniel Frederick. "Cyclogenesis Near the Adélie Coast and Influence of the Low-level Wind Regime." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1204812781.
Sridharan, S. "Investigation of middle atmospheric winds, waves and tides from low latitudes." Thesis, IIG, 2002. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1604.
A Thesis submitted to the Moanonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree under the guidance of Dr. S. Gurubaran, Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory, Tirunelveli and Dr. N. Arunachalam, M.S. University, Tirunelveli
5
Sridharan, S. "Investigation of middle atmospheric winds, waves and tides from low latitudes." Thesis, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Mumbai, 2002. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/221.
Simon, M. N., I. Pascucci, S. Edwards, W. Feng, U. Gorti, D. Hollenbach, E. Rigliaco, and J. T. Keane. "TRACING SLOW WINDS FROM T TAURI STARS VIA LOW-VELOCITY FORBIDDEN LINE EMISSION." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622166.
Using Keck/HIRES spectra (Delta v similar to 7 km s(-1)) we analyze forbidden lines of [O I] 6300 angstrom, [O I] 5577 angstrom. and [S II] 6731 angstrom. from 33 T Tauri stars covering a range of disk evolutionary stages. After removing a high-velocity component (HVC) associated with microjets, we study the properties of the low-velocity component (LVC). The LVC can be attributed to slow disk winds that could be magnetically (magnetohydrodynamic) or thermally (photoevaporative) driven. Both of these winds play an important role in the evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary material. LVC emission is seen in all 30 stars with detected [O. I] but only in two out of eight with detected [S. II], so our analysis is largely based on the properties of the [O. I] LVC. The LVC itself is resolved into broad (BC) and narrow (NC) kinematic components. Both components are found over a wide range of accretion rates and their luminosity is correlated with the accretion luminosity, but the NC is proportionately stronger than the BC in transition disks. The full width at half maximum of both the BC and NC correlates with disk inclination, consistent with Keplerian broadening from radii of 0.05 to 0.5 au and 0.5 to 5 au, respectively. The velocity centroids of the BC suggest formation in an MHD disk wind, with the largest blueshifts found in sources with closer to face-on orientations. The velocity centroids of the NC, however, show no dependence on disk inclination. The origin of this component is less clear and the evidence for photoevaporation is not conclusive.
7
Koleiny, Ali Fox Neil I. "An investigation into the contribution of the low-level jet (LLJ) to the available wind resource in Missouri." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6574.
The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on November 18, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Neil I. Fox. Includes bibliographical references.
8
Davila, Ricardo Cruz. "A Study of Magnetic Activity Effects on the Thermospheric Winds in the Low Latitude Ionosphere." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6808.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of magnetic activity on the low latitude F-region thermospheric winds. The F-region (120-1600 km) is a partially ionized medium where O+ and O are the major ion and neutral species, respectively. The thermospheric winds at these altitudes are driven primarily by pressure gradient forces resulting from the solar heating during the day and cooling at night. For this study, we use measured Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPD winds at Arequipa (16.5°S, 71.5°W) and measured FPI and Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) winds at Arecibo (18.6°N, 66.8°W).
Previous wind studies at Arequipa and Arecibo concentrated on the climatological wind patterns highlighting solar cycle effects and seasonal variations; however, these studies did not address the effects of magnetically disturbed conditions on the seasonal averaged winds. To properly investigate storm time effects on the neutral winds, we must first investigate solar cycle effects on the seasonal averages during magnetically quiet (Kp < 3) conditions. This study will include a detailed analysis of solar cycle effects on the seasonally averaged winds for Arequipa and Arecibo. In addition to the wind averages, we used cubic splines to fit the average wind profiles and to provide better comparisons with modeled results. We also performed a study on the airglow emission heights using both Jicamarca and Arecibo electron density profiles. This established the height which we will use to compare our experimental data with the model winds.
To investigate magnetic activity effects on the FPI and ISR winds, we used three magnetic activity cases which cover all storm time scenarios. These magnetic activity cases are the extended quiet, short-term disturbed, and extended disturbed conditions. The first case, the extended quiet, is the condition where the previous and short term magnetic activity is quiet (12 hour Kp ≤ 3 and the Kp ≤ 3). The short-term disturbed case is defined for the condition where the previous magnetic activity is quiet (12 hour Kp ≤ 3) and then becomes disturbed (Kp ≤ 3). Last, we considered the case where previous and short-term magnetic activity are disturbed (12 hour Kp ≤ 3 and the Kp ≤ 3).
Our last objective is to use our data to validate the predictions from the Thermosphere/Ionosphere General Circulation model (TIGCM93) and the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM93). This study should further our understanding of the physical processes which produce the low latitude quiet and disturbed winds. The TIGCM93 is a first principal model and the HWM93 is an empirical model based on ground-based and satellite measurements. The main advantage of using the TIGCM93 is the ease of studying the dynamics of ionospheric phenomena by simply changing various model inputs, while the HWM93 allows us a comparison between our experimental wind data sets with the established climatology of the winds over Arequipa and Arecibo.
9
Wannberg, Veronica Elaine. "Quantitative Uncertainty of Chemical Plume Transport in Low Wind Speeds Using Measured Field Data and Stochastic Modeling." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2570.pdf.
Wos, Kenneth A. Davidson Kenneth L. "A climatology of polar low occurrences in the Nordic Seas and an examination of katabatic winds as a triggering mechanism." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School; Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1992. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/1992/Dec/92Dec_Wos.pdf.
Charlton, Joe R. The performance of low-rise open span heavy steel structures in extreme winds. Springfield, Va: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997.
Jordan, J. R. Feasibility study for a low-altitude wind and temperature profiler. Boulder, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Wave Propagation Laboratory, 1992.
Wos, Kenneth A. A climatology of polar low occurrences in the Nordic Seas and an examination of katabatic winds as a triggering mechanism. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.
Goodyer, M. J. A swept wing panel in a low speed flexible walled test section. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1988.
L, Lawing Pierce, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. High-Reynolds-number test of a 5-percent-thick low-aspect-ratio semispan wing in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel, wing tunnel distributions. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.
L, Lawing Pierce, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. High-Reynolds-number test of a 5-percent-thick low-aspect-ratio semispan wing in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel, wing tunnel distributions. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.
L, Lawing Pierce, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. High-Reynolds-number test of a 5-percent-thick low-aspect-ratio semispan wing in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel, wing tunnel distributions. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.
L, Lawing Pierce, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. High-Reynolds-number test of a 5-percent-thick low-aspect-ratio semispan wing in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel, wing tunnel distributions. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.
Shu, Frank H., Susana Lizano, Fred C. Adams, and Steven P. Ruden. "Winds from Low Mass Protostars." In Pulsation and Mass Loss in Stars, 105–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3029-2_6.
Watanabe, H., M. Kojima, Y. Kozuka, and H. Misawa. "Low-Speed Solar Winds from Active Regions." In Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere, 501–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0315-9_114.
Estalella, R., G. Anglada, L. F. Rodríguez, J. M. Torrelles, J. Cantó, and P. T. P. Ho. "High Collimation and Low Collimation Winds in HH 34?" In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 75–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1924-5_14.
Heyvaerts, J., and C. A. Norman. "Asymptotic Structure of Rotating MHD Winds and Its Relation to Wind Boundary Conditions." In Herbig-Haro Flows and the Birth of Low Mass Stars, 275–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5608-0_22.
Missoulis, V. "Angular Momentum Transfer due to Galactic Winds and Cooling Flows." In Galaxy Interactions at Low and High Redshift, 201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4665-4_49.
Calvet, Nuria. "Properties of the Winds of T Tauri Stars." In Herbig-Haro Flows and the Birth of Low Mass Stars, 417–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5608-0_34.
Loizou, Pinelopi, Mark Guishard, Kevin Mayall, Pier Luigi Vidale, Kevin I. Hodges, and Silke Dierer. "Development of a Simple, Open-Source Hurricane Wind Risk Model for Bermuda with a Sensitivity Test on Decadal Variability." In Hurricane Risk in a Changing Climate, 143–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08568-0_7.
AbstractA hurricane-catastrophe model was developed for assessing risk associated with hurricane winds for Bermuda by combining observational knowledge with property value and exposure information. The sensitivity of hurricane wind risk to decadal variability of events was tested. The historical record of hurricanes passing within 185 km of Bermuda was created using IBTrACS. A representative exposure dataset of property values was developed by obtaining recent governmental Annual Rental Value data, while Miller et al. (Weather Forecast 28:159–174, 2013) provided a vulnerability relationship between increasing winds and damage. With a probabilistic approach, new events for 10,000 years were simulated for three different scenarios using (1) the complete record of annual TC counts; (2) two high-frequency periods and; (3) two low-frequency periods. Exceedance probability curves were constructed from event loss tables, focusing on aggregating annual losses from damaging events. Expected losses of low-frequency scenarios were less than losses of high-frequency scenarios or when the whole historical record was used. This framework suffers from uncertainties due to different assumptions and biases within IBTrACS. Small data sizes limit our ability to conduct a formal model validation and results should be interpreted in this context. In the future, sensitivity tests on the different components of the model will be performed.
9
van Engelen, A. F. V., J. Buisman, and F. Ijnsen. "A Millennium of Weather, Winds and Water in the Low Countries." In History and Climate, 101–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3365-5_6.
Natta, A., and C. Giovanardi. "The Physics of Neutral Winds from Low Mass Young Stellar Objects." In The Physics of Star Formation and Early Stellar Evolution, 595–622. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3642-6_18.
Yasrab, Muhammad, and Alexander V. Babanin. "Advancing the Performance of Wave Forecast Models Under Low Wind Conditions." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-62561.
Abstract Ocean surface is complex and difficult to predict accurately due to its random nature. Ocean surface waves in strong wind conditions have been widely studied for last few decades. Almost half of world’s winds are below 7.5 m/s and the physics of such winds contains a lot of uncertainties. The simulation of ocean waves is largely dependent on the driving winds force accuracy and source term parameterizations. However, low winds are often ignored on the perception of their lesser effect on overall results of existing models. It is important to understand the relative strength/ weaknesses of wave forecast models under low wind conditions from scientific perspective which should lead to improved wave forecast and wave-ocean-weather coupling capabilities. There are many critical thresholds involved in the initial generation and growth of wind waves whereas current parameterizations of wave models are mostly based on moderate – high wind conditions. Wave model’s performance, although not very prominent, contains bias under low winds conditions and these thresholds need to be embedded in current physics of wave forecast models for more accurate simulations. In this study, WAVEWATCH III (v6.07) wave forecast model with observation based source terms parameterizations (ST6 package) is used to simulate waves on a global scale. The model’s output is analyzed with a globally calibrated and cross validated global dataset of 13 altimeters to analyze its performance under low wind conditions. A relative error of −1 to 6 is observed in global significant wave heights simulated by WAVEWATCH III model compared to altimeter’s measured wave heights for wind speeds less than 5ms−1.
2
Watanabe, H., M. Kojima, Y. Kozuka, Y. Yamauchi, and H. Misawa. "Source regions of very low speed solar winds." In Proceedings of the eigth international solar wind conference: Solar wind eight. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51371.
Trinkaus, Steven D. "Trade Winds Farm, Winchester, Connecticut — How to Create a LID Subdivision." In International Low Impact Development Conference 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41009(333)42.
Sapp, Joseph, Paul Chang, Zorana Jelenak, Stephen Frasier, and Tom Hartley. "Sea-surface NRCS observations in high winds at low incidence angles." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325987.
Svitek, Tomas, Richard B. Olsen, Marlon R. Lewis, and Mark Pastrone. "Kestrel: a low-cost scatterometer mission to provide global marine winds." In Satellite Remote Sensing II, edited by Hiroyuki Fujisada and Martin N. Sweeting. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.228593.
Serag-Eldin, M. A. "Computing Flow in a Solar Chimney Plant Subject to Atmospheric Winds." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56651.
The paper presents a computational model for predicting the effect of atmospheric winds on performance of solar chimneys. It comprises governing partial differential equations expressing conservation of mass, energy and balance of momentum in addition to a two equation model of turbulence to compute the detailed flow pattern in the neighborhood of the solar chimney plant. The model is applied to compute the flow field in a small exemplary Solar chimney plant, subject to wind speeds ranging from weak to strong. The predicted results are analyzed and reveal that wind effects are definitely not negligible, although this is generally assumed in Solar Chimney modeling. The analysis reveals a total degradation of performance with strong winds, and considerable degradation even with weak winds unless the collector inlet height is relatively low.
7
Manhartsgruber, Bernhard. "Hydraulic Drive Trains in Wind Turbines for Rapidly Changing Strong Winds." In ASME/BATH 2023 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2023-111919.
Abstract Wind energy is among the most important technologies for reducing our carbon footprint in the atmosphere. An analysis of the wind energy market over the last years shows a favor for wind turbine technology with a rather low nominal speed resulting in a frequent down-regulation or limitation of the harvested wind power by the commonly used pitch control mechanism. Two reasons for this development can be named. Firstly, it is economically infeasible to size the electric generator for a very high peak power that will not show up very often during operation. Secondly, setting the target towards rather low nominal wind speeds results in a situation where the wind power plants can operate very steadily, especially in situations with rather stable wind conditions like offshore plants. Hydraulic drive trains for wind turbines have been researched in the past mainly with the goal of getting rid of the expensive mechanical transmissions between wind rotor and generator, most remarkably by the Artemis company in Edinburgh, Scotland. Also hybrid technologies with hydropneumatic accumulators for buffering energy have already been presented, e.g. by the group around Prof. Kim Stelson at the University of Minnesota. This paper deals with the situation of a wind rotor without pitch control, i.e. with fixed blades, and a rotor speed floating free with the wind speed. A system of differently sized hydraulic pumps is used in a digital fluid power manner to feed the harvested energy into a high pressure accumulator. This accumulator powers a variable displacement hydraulic motor driving a synchronous generator at grid frequency. Basic concepts and a simulation study are presented in order to get insight into the potentials of this technology. A first prototype is under construction in cooperation with a wind energy startup company.
8
Emmitt, G. D., and S. A. Wood. "Simulated Wind Measurements With a Low Power/High PRF Space-Based Doppler Lidar." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.omc3.
The concept of using a Doppler lidar to measure winds from space was first seriously posed by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Office (DMSP) of the USAF in the late 70's. NOAA, under contract to the USAF, conducted a feasibility study for a lidar system they called WINDSAT (Huffaker et al., 1980, 1984). Their conclusions were that given sufficient power (~ 10-20 J) winds could be measured throughout the troposphere and would provide global profiles of accuracy and density similar to those provided by the U.S. network of rawinsondes. The projected platform requirements and lidar development costs were significant and exceeded the existing resources available to the DMSP.
9
Weissman, D. E., W. J. Plant, W. C. Keller, and V. Hesany. "Microwave backscatter spatial variations in response to low winds and ocean fronts." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.703698.
Amiryan, Ara K., and Karapet A. Amiryan. "The Substantiation of a Wind Wheel’s Design With Gyrating Sailing Vanes at Low-Speed Conditions of Winds." In 34th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2624.
Weller, Robert A. Upper Ocean Dynamics and Horizontal Variability in Low Winds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541377.
Weller, Robert A. Upper Ocean Dynamics and Horizontal Variability in Low Winds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada524314.
Weller, Robert A. Upper Ocean Dynamics and Horizontal Variability in Low Winds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629982.
Weller, Robert A. Upper Ocean Dynamics and Horizontal Variability in Low Winds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627329.
Wilson, D., Michael Shaw, Vladimir Ostashev, Michael Muhlestein, Ross Alter, Michelle Swearingen, and Sarah McComas. Numerical modeling of mesoscale infrasound propagation in the Arctic. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45788.
The impacts of characteristic weather events and seasonal patterns on infrasound propagation in the Arctic region are simulated numerically. The methodology utilizes wide-angle parabolic equation methods for a windy atmosphere with inputs provided by radiosonde observations and a high-resolution reanalysis of Arctic weather. The calculations involve horizontal distances up to 200 km for which interactions with the troposphere and lower stratosphere dominate. Among the events examined are two sudden stratospheric warmings, which are found to weaken upward refraction by temperature gradients while creating strongly asymmetric refraction from disturbances to the circumpolar winds. Also examined are polar low events, which are found to enhance negative temperature gradients in the troposphere and thus lead to strong upward refraction. Smaller-scale and topographically driven phenomena, such as low-level jets, katabatic winds, and surface-based temperature inversions, are found to create frequent surface-based ducting out to 100 km. The simulations suggest that horizontal variations in the atmospheric profiles, in response to changing topography and surface property transitions, such as ice boundaries, play an important role in the propagation.
6
Walter, Bernard. Mesoscale Variability of Low-level Winds and Turbulent Fluxes During Cold Air Outbreaks over the Labrador Sea. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada633968.
Edson, James B., Wade R. McGillis, Albert J. Plueddeman, Eugene A. Terray, John H. Trowbridge, III Williams, Weller Albert J., and Robert A. The Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer Experiment in Low to Moderate Winds (CBLAST-LOW): Flux Profile Relationships Across the Coupled Boundary Layers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628581.
Trowbridge, John H., James B. Edson, Wade R. McGillis, Albert J. Plueddeman, Eugene A. Terray, III Williams, and Albert J. The Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer Experiment in Low to Moderate Winds (CBLAST-LOW): Flux Profile Relationships Across the Coupled Boundary Layers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627370.
Brewer, William A. Analysis of Low Level Winds Measured by a Ship-Mounted, High Resolution Doppler Lidar during the Dynamics of the Madden Julian Oscillation (DYANMO) Experiment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574048.
Rasson, Joseph E. Low-Maintenance Wind Power System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000354.
