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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Low quantity"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 грудня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Low quantity"

1

Green, James L. "LOW QUALITY, LOW QUANTITY WATER USED—CONTAINER PLANT PRODUCTION." HortScience 31, no. 6 (October 1996): 916B—916. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.916b.

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Since initiation of the research in 1990, diverse plants (92 genera from 47 families) have been grown in the closed, insulated pallet system (CIPS). Greater growth has occurred in various embodiments of the CIPS than in the open container system (OCS) controls. Branching of roots, and of shoots of some plants, is greater in CIPS. CIPS is a closed system; there is no circulation of irrigation solutions nor effluent discharge from CIPS. Water and fertilizer movement in CIPS is plant-driven, and use is 10% of that applied in overhead sprinkler fertigation of open containers. Tomato plants are more tolerant of saline irrigation water, and greenhouse tomato production is more profitable in CIPS than in the OCS. CIPS provides several pest management alternatives.

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2

Turabian, Jose. "Polypharmacy: volume or value, quantity or quality? The high quantity originates low quality. There is no adequate and valuable polypharmacy." General medicine and Clinical Practice 3, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/25.

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All patients, especially elderly patients, those with certain pathologies, those with multimorbidity, or those who live in institutions, are exposed to polypharmacy. The prevalence of polypharmacy is high (18-30%) and the prevalence of excessive polypharmacy (10+ drugs) is 12%. Polypharmacy affects between 40% and 50% of all older adults. The incidence rate of polypharmacy is 20% person-years, ranging from 17% in individuals aged 65–74 years to 33% in those aged ≥95 years. From this point of view, polypharmacy seems to be a concept of quantity or volume of prescriptions. It can lead to serious adverse events related to a wide variety of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs): the frequency of ADR is 6% when a patient takes two medications, 50% when he takes five and almost 100% when he takes eight or more medications. Of every 100 courses of drug treatment, there are 20 adverse drug ADRs, between 5 and 25 of clinically observable DDIs and between 15 and 50 potential DDIs, which arrive to 100 in geriatric patients. But on the other hand, low-quality pharmacological care reports are not uncommon. About 60% of patients may be exposed to at least one potentially inappropriate medication: benzodiazepines, psychotropics, proton pump inhibitors, analgesics (including opiates), laxatives, NSAIDs, antacids, etc. Adverse health outcomes related to inappropriate medications for the population, and especially the elderly, include falls, strokes, delirium and death. The quantity of drugs as a defining concept of polypharmacy implies poor quality. The more drugs that are prescribed to a patient, not only there are more possibilities of inappropriate prescriptions or of little value, but even suitable prescriptions tend to lose their indication, and from a certain level of quantity or volume of prescriptions, the increase IDDs and ADRs makes their value decrease in such prescriptions, and they begin to be inappropriate and give rise to poor quality. In other words, there is no adequate and valuable polypharmacy; the high quantity originates low quality.

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3

Coralic, Zlatan. "Medication reconciliation studies: High quantity, low quality." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, no. 24 (December 2, 2019): 1996–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz238.

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4

Neupane, Sumanta, Samuel Scott, Ellen Piwoz, Sunny S. Kim, Purnima Menon, and Phuong Hong Nguyen. "More is not enough: High quantity and high quality antenatal care are both needed to prevent low birthweight in South Asia." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): e0001991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001991.

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Antenatal care (ANC) is an opportunity to receive interventions that can prevent low birth weight (LBW). We sought to 1) estimate LBW prevalence and burden in South Asia, 2) describe the number of ANC visits (quantity) and interventions received (quality), and 3) explore associations between ANC quantity, quality and LBW. We used Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Afghanistan (2015), Bangladesh (2018), India (2016), Nepal (2016), Pakistan (2018) and Sri Lanka (2016) (n = 146,284 children <5y). Women were categorized as follows: 1) low quantity (<4 ANC visits) and low quality (<5 of 10 interventions received during ANC), 2) low quantity and high quality (≥5 of 10 interventions), 3) high quantity (≥4 visits) and low quality, 4) high quantity and high quality. We used fixed effect logistic regressions to examine associations between ANC quality/quantity and LBW (<2500 grams). LBW prevalence was highest in Pakistan (23%) and India (18%), with India accounting for two-thirds of the regional burden. Only 8% of women in Afghanistan received high quantity and high quality ANC, compared to 42–46% in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, 65% in Nepal and 92% in Sri Lanka. Compared to the low quantity/quality reference group, children of women with high quantity/quality ANC had lower odds of LBW in India (Adjusted Odds Ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.78–0.89), Nepal (0.57, 0.35–0.94), Pakistan (0.45, 0.23–0.86), and Sri Lanka (0.73, 0.57–0.92). Low quantity but high quality ANC was protective in India (0.90, 0.84–0.96), Afghanistan (0.53, 0.27–1.05) and Pakistan (0.49, 0.23–1.05). High quantity but low quality ANC was protective in Sri Lanka (0.76, 0.61–0.93). Neither frequent ANC without appropriate interventions nor infrequent ANC with appropriate interventions are sufficient to prevent LBW in most South Asian countries, though quality may be more important than quantity. Consistent measurement of interventions during ANC is needed.

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5

Pickett, Paul J. "TMDLS FOR LOW FLOWS – MANAGING QUANTITY FOR QUALITY." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2005, no. 3 (January 1, 2005): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864705783967296.

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6

Raal, F. J., A. J. Areias, and B. I. Joffe. "Low density lipoproteins and atherosclerosis—quantity or quality?" Redox Report 1, no. 3 (May 1995): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510002.1995.11746980.

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7

Neupane, Sumanta, Samuel Scott, Phuong Nguyen, and Purnima Menon. "Both Quantity and Quality of Antenatal Care Matter for Child Birthweight: An Analysis of Nationally Representative Data From Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_091.

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Abstract Objectives Antenatal care (ANC) is an important platform to deliver health and nutrition interventions during pregnancy but there is limited evidence on how both the number and content of ANC visits relate to birth outcomes. We examined the independent and additive contributions of ANC quantity and quality on child birthweight in four South Asian countries. Methods We used Demographic and Health Surveys for mothers of children with birthweight data from Bangladesh (2018; n = 2,279), India (2016; n = 147,762), Nepal (2016; n = 2,618) and Pakistan (2017; n = 1,621). We assessed number of ANC visits and ANC quality using a set of 11 health and nutrition intervention indicators (e.g., weight and blood pressure measurement, urine sample collection, ultrasound, nutrition education). Each country had different indicators available, so we generated country-specific dummies for high ANC quality (woman received more than half of interventions). We categorized mothers into 4 groups: 1) low quantity (<4 ANC visits) and low quality, 2) high quantity (≥4 ANC visits) and low quality, 3) low quantity and high quality, 4) high quantity and high quality. For each country, we ran a logistic regression with low birthweight (LBW; <2500 grams) as the outcome and the 4-group quantity/quality indicator as the main predictor of interest. To test for bias in the subsample with birthweight data, we reran models using the outcome of perceived birth size on the full sample. All models adjusted for child age and sex, woman's age, education, and household socioeconomic status. Results Both high quantity and high-quality ANC were reported most often by women in Nepal (42.9%), followed by Pakistan (32.0%), Bangladesh (26.6%) and India (21.8%). Compared to women reporting both low quantity and low quality, women who reported high quantity and high quality had lower odds of giving birth to a LBW child in India (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.78–0.88), Nepal (0.58, 0.39–0.86) and Pakistan (0.43, 0.22–0.81). In 3 of 4 countries, only high quantity or only high quality were not protective against child LBW. We found similar results with the outcome of perceived birth size. Conclusions ANC quantity and quality are both important for optimal pregnancy and birth outcomes. Frequent low-quality ANC visits or infrequent high-quality ANC visits do not protect children from risk of LBW. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Chan, Felix T. S., and Xinsheng Xu. "The Loss-Averse Retailer’s Order Decisions Under Risk Management." Mathematics 7, no. 7 (July 2, 2019): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7070595.

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This paper characterizes the retailer’s loss aversion by introducing a loss aversion coefficient and proposes a new loss aversion utility function for the retailer. To hedge against the risk arising from the uncertain market demand, we use the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure to quantify the potential risks and obtain the optimal order quantity for the retailer to maximize the CVaR objective of loss aversion utility. It is shown that that the optimal order quantity for a retailer to maximize the expected loss aversion utility is smaller than expected profit maximizing (EPM) order quantity in the classical newsvendor model, which can help to explain decision bias in the newsvendor model. This study shows that the optimal order quantity with the CVaR objective can decrease in retail price under certain conditions, which has never occurred in the newsvendor literature. With the optimal order quantity under the CVaR objective, it is proved that the retailer’s expected loss aversion utility is decreasing in the confidence level. This confirms the fact that high return means high risk, while low risk comes with low return. Based on the results, several management insights are suggested for the loss-averse newsvendor model.

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9

ARAMICHI, AKIO. "A usage experience of low filling quantity lung (UNIVOX)." Japanese journal of extra-corporeal technology 18, no. 2 (1992): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7130/hokkaidoshakai.18.2_10.

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Doering, Jennifer J., Aniko Szabo, Deepika Goyal, and Elizabeth Babler. "Sleep Quality and Quantity in Low-Income Postpartum Women." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 42, no. 3 (2017): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmc.0000000000000323.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Low quantity"

1

Lowas, Albert Frank III. "Improved Spare Part Forecasting for Low Quantity Parts with Low and Increasing Failure Rates." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1432380369.

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Bokhour, Edward Bijan. "Energy absorption methods for fluid quantity gauging in low gravity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35942.

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Uhlman, Kristine, and Janick Artiola. "Arizona Wells: Low Yielding Domestic Water Wells." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146926.

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3 pp.
Arizona Well Owner's Guide to Water Supply
To develop a ground water resource, it is necessary to design and construct a well capable of yielding a pumping rate compatible with the needs of the water well owner. Sufficient and sustained well yields are highly dependent on the characteristics of the aquifer, the construction of the well, and the maintenance of the well. Causes of low-yielding wells are explained and practices to restore well performance are recommended.

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4

Thompson, Lindsay Paige. "Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed - Polymerase Chain Reaction Evaluation And Optimization To Improve Downstream Forensic STR Analysis Of Low Quality/Low Quantity DNA." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1299.

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When forensic biological samples yield low quality/low quantity DNA, thecurrent STR analysis methods do not generate acceptable profiles. Whole genomeamplification can be used to pre-amplify the entire genome for downstream analyses. A commercially available kit for DOP-PCR, a form of WGA, is currently being used in the clinical for downstream single locus targets. Forensic analyses utilize a multiplex amplification. This study determined that the "home brew" created by our lab performs the same as the commercially available kit. Future optimization studies of DOP-PCR can utilize this "home brew". Additionally, this research determined that a 10 second increase in electrokinetic injection time onto the Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) in combination with a post-STR amplification purification and elution into formamide produces a slightly higher percent STR allele success over the standard protocol. After future optimization studies, this may be a useful method to obtain more accurate and complete STR profiles from low quality/low quantity biological samples.

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5

Balfour, Robert Andrew. "Differences in the growth of the wolf spider Hogna helluo (Araneae : Lycosidae) reared under high and low food quantity diets." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1078419602.

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6

Larnane, Amel. "Identification par empreintes génétiques : développement et évaluation de nouvelles méthodologies pour l'analyse de traces d'ADN en faible quantité et/ou dégradé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2024/interne/2024UPASL102.pdf.

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L'identification par empreintes génétiques est devenue une méthode incontournable dans les enquêtes judiciaires au cours des trois dernières décennies. Cependant, l'analyse des traces biologiques issues des scènes d'infraction reste un défi majeur, en particulier lorsque l'ADN est dégradé et/ou présent en faible quantité. Actuellement, seulement environ 33 % des traces prélevées à des fins d'analyse génétique sont exploitables avec les techniques classiques, correspondant principalement aux cas les plus simples. Les traces plus complexes, qu'elles présentent une quantité insuffisante d'ADN ou un ADN altéré, voire constituées de mélanges, posent encore des difficultés, limitant ainsi l'identification de suspects ou de victimes. Surmonter ces obstacles représente un enjeu important pour les communautés criminalistique et judiciaire, ainsi que pour la société. Cette thèse vise à repousser ces limites en développant de nouvelles méthodologies pour analyser les traces d'ADN dégradé et/ou en faible quantité. Dans une première partie, nous avons cherché à comprendre la composition de ces traces complexes à partir de cas réels. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé une technologie d'électrophorèse ultra-sensible à champ pulsé pour visualiser l'ADN, couplée à la quantification de l'ADN humain via les séquences Alu et au séquençage du gène de l'ARN ribosomique 16S pour identifier la présence de micro-organismes. Cette combinaison a révélé que l'ADN humain était présent dans plus de 84 % des cas, bien que souvent en quantité insuffisante et avec différents niveaux de dégradation, tandis que l'ADN bactérien prédominait. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous sommes focalisés sur la faible quantité d'ADN en examinant des traces issues de cas réels. Nous avons choisi d'adapter un protocole d'amplification d'ADN en le couplant à une technologie innovante de miniaturisation robotisée. Cette stratégie a permis notamment de rendre exploitables des traces qui, avec les méthodes classiques, ne l'étaient pas. Dans une dernière partie, nous avons abordé la question de la dégradation avec l'analyse des Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), par l'utilisation du séquençage nouvelle génération (NGS) ciblé. Les résultats obtenus indiquent la possibilité d'établir des profils génétiques hybrides, composés de short tandem repeats (STR) et de SNP, à partir d'ADN très dégradé. Ces nouvelles méthodologies apportent un regard nouveau sur l'exploitation des traces d'ADN dans les enquêtes criminelles et soulignent l'importance de redéfinir les cadres réglementaires autour des informations génétiques multiples disponibles issues des traces biologiques, un enjeu qui devrait être au cœur des futures discussions de cette décennie. Ces résultats pourraient transformer l'approche de l'identification génétique avec un impact direct sur les procédures judiciaires
Genetic fingerprinting has become a cornerstone method in criminal investigations over the past three decades. However, the analysis of biological traces from crime scenes remains a major challenge, particularly when DNA is degraded and/or present in low quantities. Currently, only about 33% of traces collected for genetic analysis are usable with conventional techniques, mainly in the simplest cases. More complex traces, whether they contain insufficient amounts of DNA, degraded DNA, or are composed of mixtures, still pose difficulties, thereby limiting the identification of suspects or victims. Overcoming these obstacles is a significant challenge for forensic and judicial communities, as well as for society as a whole. This thesis aims to push these boundaries by developing new methodologies to analyze degraded and/or low-quantity DNA samples. In the first part, we sought to understand the composition of these complex traces using casework. To achieve this, we employed ultra-sensitive pulsed-field electrophoresis technology to visualize the DNA, coupled with the quantification of human DNA via Alu sequences and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene to identify the presence of microorganisms. This approach revealed that human DNA was present in over 84% of cases, although often in insufficient quantities and with varying levels of degradation, while bacterial DNA predominated. In the second part, we focused on the issue of low DNA quantities by examining traces from casework. We chose to adapt a DNA amplification protocol, integrating it with an innovative robotic miniaturization technology. This strategy allowed us to make previously unusable traces analyzable with conventional methods. Finally, in the third part, we addressed the issue of degradation by analyzing Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) using targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). The results indicate the possibility of establishing hybrid genetic profiles composed of short tandem repeats (STR) and SNPs from highly degraded DNA samples. These new methodologies offer a fresh perspective on the use of DNA traces in criminal investigations and emphasize the importance of redefining regulatory frameworks surrounding the multiple genetic data available from biological traces, an issue that should be central to discussions in the coming decade. These findings could transform the approach to genetic identification, with a direct impact on judicial procedures

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Ras, Anna. "Analysis of the quantity and cost of modelled nitrate deposition to the Vaal River from power station emissions with insights for cost-benefit analysis and policy recommendations." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30869.

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Anthropogenic processes have led to high levels of reactive nitrogen entering freshwater ecosystems. This increase in reactive nitrogen levels has caused several adverse environmental and health effects and has resulted in higher deposition rates of nitrates to freshwater ecosystems. The costs and benefits associated with nitrate deposition have been analysed by the European Nitrogen Assessment (ENA) for European countries. However, no studies similar to this have been done for the South African context. The aim of the study was to present a cost analysis of nitrate deposition originating from power station NOx emissions. The objectives were: to examine the changes in nitrate deposition for the years 1980, 2005, 2006 and 2014; to determine the costs associated with nitrate deposition to freshwater ecosystems for the South African context; to calculate the costs of power station emissions to the Vaal River; to consider how European costs differ from South African costs; to consider the impact of the NEMAQA of 2004 and finally, to evaluate the likelihood of these costs being incurred. The years that were selected for this study were chosen due to availability of data, which were supplied by EScience Associates. Three scenarios were considered for each of these years: Scenario 1 was a case in which Eskom operated as usual without any retrofits of power stations, Scenario 2 considered the implementation of the Eskom air quality management strategy and Scenario 3 considered full compliance with the minimum emissions standards set out in the NEMAQA of 2004. The costing method followed the ENA approach, whilst considering the South African context by consulting the relevant literature. The monetized annual costs for the South African context were: mitigation options for improving water quality; increased coal consumption due to power station interventions; agricultural costs; water purification and waste treatment; health impacts and loss of biodiversity as a result of acidification and eutrophication. Power station interventions were found to be the only capital expenditure. The nitrate deposition per unit of electricity generated was expected to decrease, due to changes within the electricity mix of Eskom during this period. Furthermore, the least costly option was expected to be a scenario in which no intervention was made by Eskom to reduce emissions, due to the high capital cost associated with retrofitting low NOx burners in the older power stations. The final expected outcome was that the National Environment Management: Air Quality Act (NEMAQA) of 2004 would have led to a significant decrease in the emissions and, therefore, nitrate deposition to the Vaal River. The costs that were calculated for the South African context differed greatly from the costs in the ENA, indicating that the European costs could not be used directly for the South African context. Furthermore, the results showed that the costs of nitrate deposition increased between 1980 and 2005, decreased between 2005 and 2006 and increased again between 2006 and 2014. Between 1980, 2005 and 2006, a clear link is seen between electricity generated and nitrate deposition. Even though electricity generation increased from 2006 to 2014, the 2014 emissions data show that emissions decreased over the same period. The cost of a fine for non-compliance to emission limits is R10 million. The lowest cost calculated for each year and scenario was found to be Scenario 1 for 1980, and was approximately R 70 million of costs arising from nitrate deposition from power station emissions. The R 70 million, therefore, does not include mitigation options for water quality, increased coal consumption and power station interventions. Therefore, the fines associated with non-compliance, which occur in Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, should be increased to force compliance. The total cost associated with Eskom’s air quality strategy, calculated as part of scenario two, was the lowest cost option for 1980, 2006 and 2014. In 2005, the lowest cost option was scenario 1, where no retrofits were done by Eskom. This indicated that there was a trade-off between capital expenditure for low NOx burners and the annual costs, listed previously. This study concluded that when air quality policies, such as the NEMAQA of 2004 are implemented without stringent enforcement, the desired result is not achieved. The findings in this study show that no significant decrease in nitrate deposition occurred between 2005, when the NEMAQA of 2004 was released, and 2014, which was almost 10 years after the policy was implemented. This study makes a valuable contribution to informing policy makers on the impact of reactive nitrogen addition to the environment. Future research should be done on the cost of agricultural nitrate deposition to the Vaal River, considering that these inputs to the Vaal River are several times larger than those of deposition from power station emissions and could, therefore, have costs of a larger scale associated with them.

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8

Orie, Kenneth Kanu. "Legal aspects of groundwater quantity allocation and quality protection in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41192.

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Groundwater quantity allocation and quality protection in Canada largely proceed in a fragmented fashion. Each jurisdiction pursues the management of its water resources and the aquatic environment separately as well as independently of other jurisdictions. This approach is at odds with the unity of the natural environment and the inter-connectedness of groundwater resources.
The challenge facing Canada is to make the law recognize and be more responsive to the unity of the aquatic environment and water resources. An active federal role in uniting and coordinating the efforts of the provinces in this regard is crucial if this challenge is to be met. However, since the constitutional division of powers in Canada encourages a fragmented approach to managing environment and water resources, the federal government is incapacitated, purely on a legal score, with respect to pulling together the efforts of the provinces. A cooperative approach, based on political rather than legal coordination, is therefore, the most realistic option for the federal government to meet the challenge.
In this work, the writer examines the various areas for federal-provincial cooperation regarding groundwater allocation and protection. Such institutional integration or cooperation cannot be effective unless groundwater is addressed together with the other component of the hydrologic cycle, namely: surface water and the ecosystem they support. At the same time, in adopting an integrated hydrologic cycle approach, specific groundwater management strategies canvassed in this work must be taken into account if groundwater is to be more efficiently allocated and protected. Pursuant to these considerations, this writer is of the opinion that groundwater resources in Canada should be managed in a way that meets both present and future needs of Canadians, thus in a sustainable fashion. This can best be achieved if resource management relies upon a combination of contaminant-focused and resource-focused approaches adopted under unified federal-provincial efforts as well as under an integrated hydrologic cycle management.

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Decman, John M. "Effects of state deregulation on the quantity and adequacy of school facilities." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191105.

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The general purpose of this study was to determine whether deregulation in Indiana via Public Law 25-1995 has had an adverse effect on either quantity or adequacy of new school construction. Data for projects approved during the three years preceding deregulation (1992-1994) were compared with data for projects approved during the three years following deregulation (1996-1998).Data for the projects were obtained from state agencies. They included the number of projects approved, the cost of each project, the size of each project, and school district enrollment, and the assessed valuation of each school district in each of the years studied. Major findings included: (a) The annual average number of approved projects prior to deregulation was 14 and the annual average following deregulation was 13. (b) The size of approved elementary level projects did not change following deregulation (it remained at 138 square feet per student). The size of approved middle level projects decreased from 196 square feet per student to 170 square feet per student after deregulation (a 14% decrease), and the size of middle schools became less uniform. The size of approved high school projects decreased from 230 square feet per student to 209 square feet per student after deregulation (a 9% decrease). (c) The average cost per square foot of approved elementary school projects declined from $113 to $109, and the average cost per square foot of approved high school projects declined from $119 to $107 after deregulation. The average cost per square foot of approved middle level projects increased from $105 to $110. (d) School district wealth did not have a significant effect on either the quantity of projects or the size of projects. (e) School district size did not have a significant effect on either the quantity of projects or the size of projects.Recommendations include additional long-term studies to address not only the effects of deregulation on school facilities, but also the effects of deregulation on educational programming.
Department of Educational Leadership

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10

Meroni, Elena Claudia. "Average and quantile effects of more instruction time in low achieving schools: evidence from Southern Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423018.

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The thesis is composed by two main chapters. Both study the effectiveness of a program funded by the European Union, which was implemented during the academic year 2010/11 in low achieving lower secondary schools located in four Southern Italian regions . The intervention's aim was to increase student performances in mathematics and Italian language through the provision of extra instruction time, to be held in the afternoon, thus outside regular school time. The first chapter focuses on average treatment effects. I control for sorting across classes using the fact that student are divided into groups distinguished by letters, they remain in the same group across grades and the composition of teachers in the school assigned to each group is substantially stable over time. I implement a difference-in-differences strategy, and compare two contiguous cohorts of sixth grade students enrolled in the same group. I contrast groups with and without additional instruction time in participating schools, to groups in non-participating schools that I selected to be similar with respect to a long list of pre-programme indicators. I find that the programme raised test scores in mathematics in schools characterised by students from less advantaged backgrounds, while no effect is found on Italian language test scores. In particular the gain is higher for the mathematical reasoning dimensions, while the knowledge of mathematics concepts is not affected. In the second chapter, I go beyond average effects, using two non-linear methods (Threshold difference-in-differences and Changes-in-changes) which allow to recover the counterfactual distribution of the treated group had it not been treated and the quantile treatment effects of the intervention. Both methods suggest that the positive effect documented for mathematics is driven by larger effects for the best students in the group, while low achieving students seem not to benefit form the intervention.
La tesi è composta principalmente da due capitoli. Entrambi studiano gli effetti sui risultati scolastici in Italiano e matematica di un programma finanziato dall'Unione Europea. L'intervento è stato implementato in alcune scuole medie di quattro regioni del Sud Italia durante l'anno scolastico 2010/11 e ha lo scopo di migliorare i risultati in italiano e matematica degli studenti coinvolti attraverso ore extra di lezione tenute nel pomeriggio, quindi in più rispetto al normale orario scolastico. Il primo capitolo si focalizza sull'average treatment effect dell'intervento. Attraverso un matchig di scuole simili e una strategia di difference-in-differences, che sfrutta osservazioni ripetute di studenti appartenenti alla stessa sezione in due coorti contigue, trovo che il programma ha effetti positivi sui punteggi in matematica, solo nel gruppo di scuole caratterizzate da un profilo socio-economico basso. In particolare l'effetto è maggiore nell'ambito cognitivo, cioè l'ambito che coinvolge il ragionamento e lo sviluppo del pensiero matematico, mentre l'aspetto di pura conoscenza dei concetti matematici rimane inalterato. Sui punteggi di italiano non si trova invece nessun effetto. Nel secondo capitolo invece identifico, attraverso due metodi diversi (il Threshold difference-in-difference e il Change-in-changes), l'intera distribuzione controfattuale del gruppo di classi trattate in assenza di trattamento, e ricavo quindi i quantile treatment effects. Con entrambi i metodi si trova che l'effetto positivo trovato nelle scuole caratterizzate da un profilo socio-economico basso, è influenzato da alti guadagni per gli studenti migliori, mentre gli studenti peggiori non sembrano beneficiare del programma.

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Книги з теми "Low quantity"

1

Prehn, Maike. Vowel quantity and the fortis-lenis distinction in North Low Saxon. Utrecht: LOT, 2012.

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2

Beth, Lagerborg Mary, ed. Once-a-month cooking. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 1999.

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3

Engler-Stringer, Rachel Rosa. Collective kitchens in three Canadian cities: Impacts on the lives of participants. Saskatoon, Sask: Community-University Institute for Social Research, 2006.

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4

1939-, Shen Chih-pʻing, Sprinkle Danny R, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., eds. Feasibility study of a low-energy gamma ray system for measuring quantity and flow rate of slush hydrogen. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1992.

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5

Kapoor, Sandy. Professional healthy cooking. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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6

Kapoor, Sandra. Healthy and delicious: 400 professional recipes. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

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7

Forge, John. Explanation, quantity, and law. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 1999.

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8

Selbig, W. R. A comparison of runoff quantity and quality from two small basins undergoing implementation of conventional and low-impact-development (LID) strategies: Cross Plains, Wisconsin, water years 1999-2005. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2008.

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9

Glaeser, Edward L. A case for quantity regulation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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10

United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Hazardous waste requirements for large quantity generators. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Low quantity"

1

Aslam, Anas, and Rajat Yadava. "A Study of the Effects of Low Quantity Lubrication on Machine Efficiency." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 355–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1894-2_30.

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2

Schulte-Geldermann, Elmar, Rogers Kakuhenzire, Kalpana Sharma, and Monica Parker. "Revolutionizing Early Generation Seed Potato in East Africa." In Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations, 389–419. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92022-7_13.

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AbstractPoor access to healthy, high-yielding planting materials hampers potato production in East and Central Africa (ECA). The need to improve the quality and increase the quantity of seed potato available to farmers has been the basis of previous efforts in the subregion. One bottleneck in the seed value chain is the low quantity of early generation seed (EGS) for further multiplication. To break this bottleneck, the International Potato Center (CIP) and local partners introduced two rapid multiplication technologies (aeroponics and rooted apical cuttings) and an improved conventional system (sand hydroponics). These three technologies differ in terms of multiplication rates, investment costs, profitability, required skills, infrastructure, risks, and linkages to the rest of the seed value chain, with its actors, policy environment, plus supply, and demand. The three introduced technologies have helped to increase the supply of certified or high-quality seed in the region over the last decade. However, for successful scaling, the technologies have to be carefully selected based on their situation and their natural and economic environments.

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3

Werner, W., and E. E. Scherer. "Quantity/intensity relation and phosphorus availability in south Brazilian latosols as affected by form and placement of phosphorus and farmyard manure." In Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH: Principles and Management, 129–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0221-6_18.

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4

Chen, Junkai, Xiangjun Hao, Zheng Wei, Wenxue Gao, Xiaojun Zhang, and Zhaochen Liu. "Research on Vibration Signal Characteristics of Multilateral Boundary Deep Hole Blasting." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 291–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2532-2_24.

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AbstractThe essence of blasting action is the interaction between explosive energy and medium, and the blasting effect depends on the characteristics of explosive energy, medium and interaction law. The multi-boundary comprehensive blasting theory of stonework establishes the functional relationship among boundary conditions, throwing rate and explosive quantity. In this paper, a formula for calculating the explosive charge of multi-boundary deep-hole blasting is put forward, and the experimental study is carried out based on HHT analysis technology. Research shows that: (1) Based on HHT analysis technology, the main frequency of blasting vibration signal energy is in 0–40 Hz, and mainly in low frequency band, while the energy contained in high frequency component gradually decays. (2) Multi-boundary deep-hole controlled blasting has evenly broken rock blocks and all collapsed within the design range, which has achieved good blasting effect.

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5

Smith, A. J. "Computers and the Law." In Computers and Quantity Surveyors, 65–79. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10857-2_4.

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6

Kremer, Monique, Robert Went, and Godfried Engbersen. "Control Over Income." In Research for Policy, 49–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78682-3_3.

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AbstractThe Netherlands does not top international tables when it comes to the quality of work. Compared to many other countries, the Netherlands has low unemployment, which remained the case in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis and the recent Covid-19 crisis. While jobs exists, they are increasingly insecure. This chapter delves into the workings of the Dutch flexible labour market. How have new technologies and flexible contracts affected income security? Have identifiable groups of workers been affected differently? Security of employment – a person’s general employability or chance of having a job – is relatively high. Statistics Netherlands reports that many jobs have been created in recent decades, and that the Dutch have never worked so much as now. The quantity of work does not seem to be a problem.

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7

Piferi, Claudio. "The Regulatory Apparatus at the Service of Sustainable Planning of the Built Environment: The Case of Law 338/2000." In The Urban Book Series, 417–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_38.

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AbstractIt is wrongly assumed that the environmental sustainability of the building organism is only achievable thanks to the contribution of the systems and their ability to reduce harmful emissions and generate energy from alternative and natural sources. So, system projects have assumed an increasingly considerable importance both in terms of the quantity of documents and the cost of the building. The quantity and complexity of the most recent plant engineering solutions amplify the difficulty of dialogue between the different design levels (architectural, structural, and system design) forcing the professionals involved to compromise that end up disregarding the expected quality. Although it is now clear that the design levels must progress hand in hand from the first hypotheses, and that all must contribute equally to the overall sustainability of the intervention, this does not always happen by preferring to derogate from the system designers the choice of environmentally sustainable solutions. In summary, more and more, often we rely on the technical solutions of the machines used, rather than on the technological qualities of the project. This inevitably involves problems in the construction, operation, and eventual decommissioning phase of the building, especially in the public sphere where the low economic resources of the contracting stations are increasingly used in the purchase, maintenance, management, and disposal of plant engineering tools. A well-structured regulatory system can help to minimize these criticalities: this is the case of law 338, enacted in 2000 with the aim of increasing the availability of residences for university students, which is distinguished for the attention to the environmental issue, orienting the realization of accommodation places towards solutions able to contain waste, soil consumption, etc. The paper aims to describe and analyse the attention paid by the specific legislation to environmental sustainability.

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8

Alammari, Y., J. Saelzer, S. Berger, I. Iovkov, and D. Biermann. "Initial Period of Chip Formation: Observations Towards Enhancing Machining Sustainability." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 193–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_22.

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AbstractIn machining, high mechanical and thermal loads are exerted on a small area of the tool where it interacts with the workpiece. Despite limited interaction space, extensive use of cutting fluids (CFs) is inefficiently used to improve the machining process and increase productivity. In order to minimize CFs’ negative impact on health, environment and financial burden, various strategies have been developed and studied to optimize their use including minimum quantity lubrication. In this research, initial period of chip formation (IPCF), that occurs during a narrow window of space and time at the beginning of the cut, is closely investigated in an orthogonal machining setup. During IPCF, low mechanical loads were observed. The existence of IPCF is further investigated under interrupted cutting process at prescribed intervals in order to sustain its positive effects. In addition, 2D numerical chip formation friction model is proposed. The numerical model comprises a friction criterion dependent on tool temperature that is observed to be associated with a transient friction regime.

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9

Metral, E., G. Rumolo, and W. Herr. "Impedance and Collective Effects." In Particle Physics Reference Library, 105–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_4.

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AbstractAs the beam intensity increases, the beam can no longer be considered as a collection of non-interacting single particles: in addition to the “single-particle phenomena”, “collective effects” become significant. At low intensity a beam of charged particles moves around an accelerator under the Lorentz force produced by the “external” electromagnetic fields (from the guiding and focusing magnets, RF cavities, etc.). However, the charged particles also interact with themselves (leading to space charge effects) and with their environment, inducing charges and currents in the surrounding structures, which create electromagnetic fields called wake fields. In the ultra-relativistic limit, causality dictates that there can be no electromagnetic field in front of the beam, which explains the term “wake”. It is often useful to examine the frequency content of the wake field (a time domain quantity) by performing a Fourier transformation on it. This leads to the concept of impedance (a frequency domain quantity), which is a complex function of frequency. The charged particles can also interact with other charged particles present in the accelerator (leading to two-stream effects, and in particular to electron cloud effects in positron/hadron machines) and with the counter-rotating beam in a collider (leading to beam–beam effects). As the beam intensity increases, all these “perturbations” should be properly quantified and the motion of the charged particles will eventually still be governed by the Lorentz force but using the total electromagnetic fields, which are the sum of the external and perturbation fields. Note that in some cases a perturbative treatment is not sufficient and the problem has to be solved self consistently. These perturbations can lead to both incoherent (i.e. of a single particle) and coherent (i.e. of the centre of mass) effects, in the longitudinal and in one or both transverse directions, leading to beam quality degradation or even partial or total beam losses. Fortunately, stabilising mechanisms exist, such as Landau damping, electronic feedback systems and linear coupling between the transverse planes (as in the case of a transverse coherent instability, one plane is usually more critical than the other).

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10

Du, Min Xiao, Yu Wang, Yang Gao, Bei Bei Chen, and Sang-Bing Tsai. "Nonlinear Effect of Financial Efficiency and Financial Competition on Heterogeneous Firm R&D." In Green Finance for Sustainable Global Growth, 297–320. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7808-6.ch012.

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Green finance focuses on the coherence and sustainability of finance. This chapter studies the influence of financial scale, financial efficiency, and financial competition on enterprise R&D investment, which includes the different side effects of financial quantity and quality, and to some extent reflects the coherence and sustainability of financial development. The authors use manufacturing company data, regional financial quantity, and quality indicators from 2005 to 2007. The results reveal that (1) less developed area enterprises, or low- and medium-technology enterprises, a large amount of financial quantity expansion cannot support the R&D activities of high innovation efficiency, and (2) financial efficiency and financial competition have a nonlinear effect on firm R&D. Low financial efficiency leads to a lack of efficient firm R&D financial development. The results of the chapter reveal a crucial approach to improve the effect of financial inefficiency on firm R&D by changing from merely expanding financial quantity to improving quality instead.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Low quantity"

1

Iyer, Vivek, Bhavitvya Malik, Pavel Stepachev, Pinzhen Chen, Barry Haddow, and Alexandra Birch. "Quality or Quantity? On Data Scale and Diversity in Adapting Large Language Models for Low-Resource Translation." In Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Machine Translation, 1393–409. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.wmt-1.128.

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2

Qiu, Rujia, Yiming He, Daoyou Huang, Bin Xu, Lizhu Pan, and Jingyi Ni. "Probability analysis method for low-voltage distribution network line loss considering the randomness of electric power and quantity." In 2024 3rd International Conference on Energy, Power and Electrical Technology (ICEPET), 807–12. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepet61938.2024.10626211.

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3

Tang, K. H., C. L. Ong, R. T. Mclaughlin, and C. P. Quigley. "A Study of DeviceNet Technology for the Low Quantity Vehicle Industry." In SAE 2001 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-0064.

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4

"Properties of Concrete Incorporating Low Quantity of Cement and High Volumes of Low-Calcium Fly Ash." In "SP-114: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete: Proceedings of the Third International Conference". American Concrete Institute, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1847.

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5

Yichun, Li. "Prediction of Low-Rent Housing's Supply Quantity Based on Grey Systems Theory." In 2013 Sixth International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering (BIFE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bife.2013.70.

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6

F. Hopperstad, J., R. Laws, and E. Kragh. "Hypercluster of Airguns – More Low Frequencies for the Same Quantity of Air." In 74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating EUROPEC 2012. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20148845.

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7

Stoll, Alexander, Scott Silverson, and Richard Furness. "Environmentally Friendly and Low Cost Manufacturing – Implementation of MQL Machining (Minimum Quantity Lubrication)." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1338.

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8

Su, Dan, Jason G. Powers, Thomas A. Halsey, and Patrick Hurban. "Abstract 429: Optimization of an RNA sequencing method for low-quantity degraded samples." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-429.

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9

Nakazato, Anderson, Maurício Oliveira FIlho, Marcel Kondo, Manoel Alves, and Luis Hein. "Low-cost syringe pump design modification for Minimum Quantity of Lubrication system application." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-2717.

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10

Wesseler, Peter, Benjamin Kaiser, Jurgen te Vrugt, Armin Lechler, and Alexander Verl. "Camera based path planning for low quantity - high variant manufacturing with industrial robots." In 2018 25th International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/m2vip.2018.8600833.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Low quantity"

1

Bastías, Gabriel, and Gabriel Rada. Does contracting out services improve access to care in low- and middle-income countries? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1610092.

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Contracting out of health services is a formal contractual relationship between the government and a non state provider to provide a range of clinical or preventive services to a specified population. A contract document usually specifies the type, quantity and period of time during wich the services will be provided on behalf of the government. Contracting in is the contracting of external management to run public services, which is another particular type of contracting.

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2

Malhotra, Suchi, Howard White, Nina de la Cruz, Ashrita Saran, John Eyers, Denny John, Ella Beveridge, and Nina Blondal. Evidence and gap map-studies of the effectiveness of transport sector intervention in low and middle-income countries. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cswp3.

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There are great disparities in the quantity and quality of transport infrastructure. Differences in access to investment are often exacerbated by weak governance and an inadequate regulatory framework with poor enforcement which lead to high costs and defective construction. The wellbeing of many poor people is constrained by lack of transport, which is called ‘transport poverty’. This evidence and gap map identifies, maps and describes existing evidence on the effects of transport sector interventions related to all means of transport (roads, paths, cycle lanes, bridges, railways, ports, shipping, and inland waterways, and air transport).

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3

Allison. PR-015-10200-R01 Alternatives to Gas Turbine Expansion Starters. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010775.

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Existing expansion-type starters at pipeline compressor stations require a significant quantity of start gas for purge, startup, and slow roll operating conditions, but they are widely used due to their relatively low cost and black-start capability. This effort examines the potential for available, easily adaptable, and new starter concepts and ranked them for various applications.

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4

Hicks, Jacqueline. Approaches to Combatting Modern Slavery in Supply Chains. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.004.

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The purpose of this rapid review is to lay out some of the general approaches used by both business and government to tackle ‘modern slavery’ in international business supply chains, and locate evidence of their effectiveness International institutions have been encouraging large international businesses to tackle modern slavery by offering guidelines on how to investigate the issue in their supply chains (‘due diligence’), but their implementation, and ‘auditing’ is highly variable. National governments are increasingly mandating businesses through legislation to report on what they do. More recently, governments have begun imposing a legal duty of care on parent companies which means they can be held responsible for what their subsidiaries do. Key findings are: There is no consistency in how international companies currently implement the due diligence guidelines; The design of national disclosure legislation is generally judged to be flawed. There is medium compliance in terms of quantity of company reports and low compliance in terms of quality; The design of national disclosure legislation is generally judged to be flawed. There is medium compliance in terms of quantity of company reports and low compliance in terms of quality. Overall, the evidence on forced labour and modern slavery is recognised as being “dangerously thin and riddled with bias” (LeBaron, 2018, p.1). It is difficult to research directly because of its illegality, the involvement of powerful interests, and the potential to further endanger highly vulnerable workers. Nevertheless, there is a very large number of articles and reports written on the issue, particularly from the last five years. The main sources used in this review came from both grey literature and academic literature.

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5

Zilberman, Mark. The "Dimming Effect" Produced by the Application of Doppler Effect on the Quantity of Photons Arriving to a Receiver and its Implication to Astronomy (ver. 2). Intellectual Archive, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2444.

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This article describes the "Dimming effect" that is produced by the Doppler effect applied to a quantity of individual photons arriving to a receiver from a moving source of light. The corpuscular-wave dualism of light suggests that the well-known Doppler effect, which is currently applied only to the wave component of light, should also be considered for the corpuscular component of light. Application of the Doppler effect on a quantity of photons leads to the "Dimming Effect" - as the faster light source is moving away from observer - the dimmer its brightness appears. While the described dimming effect is negligible for low-speed light sources, it becomes significant for light sources with a velocity comparable to light speed in a vacuum. The relativistic adjustments for time dilation cause the described dimming effect to be even stronger. For example, the "Dimming Effect" for an object moving away from the observer with the speed 0.1c is 0.904 and for an object moving away from the observer with the speed 0.5c is 0.577. Article also provides the formula for the calculation of "Dimming effect" values using the red-shift parameter Z widely used in astronomy as N/N0=1/(Z+1). If confirmed, the "Dimming effect" must be taken into account in calculations of astronomical "Standard Candles" and in particular in the "Supernova Cosmology Project", which has claimed the acceleration of the Universe's expansion and led to the introduction of dark energy.

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6

Anchorena, José, and Lucas Ronconi. Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Values, and Public Policy in Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011404.

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This paper uses datasets from six surveys to describe entrepreneurship in Argentina. While the quantity of entrepreneurship in Argentina is high, its quality is low, given the high proportion of informal and necessity entrepreneurs. Income is found to play a greater role in determining probability of becoming an entrepreneur than parental wealth; entrepreneurship is, however, transmitted inter- generationally. Although it is found that Argentina promotes entrepreneurial values more than most Latin American countries, entrepreneurs face several obstacles. Finally, using panel data based on household surveys, the paper estimates the short and long-run effects of an increase in public employment on entrepreneurship, finding the effects to be negative and strong. Overall, the evidence suggests that changes in public policies and other areas are needed for Argentina to become an entrepreneurial economy.

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7

Erdal Erbatur, Meral, Ali Ozdemir, Canan Tiryaki, Serkan Erbatur, Sedat Kaya, and Osman Uzundere. Comparison of Low Doses of Lidocaine in Terms of Efficacy, Reliability, and Satisfaction in Ambulatory Hand Surgery Using Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia with Forearm Tourniquet: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial. Science Repository, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.acr.2024.01.01.

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Objective: This study aimed to assess efficacy, complications, and surgeon and patient satisfaction related to forearm intravenous regional anaesthesia using low doses of lidocaine in ambulatory hand surgery. Methods: This prospective, randomized and double-blind study included patients who received 25 ml (125 mg; Group 1; n = 35) and 15 ml (75 mg; Group 2; n = 35) of 0.5% lidocaine. Data recorded included sociodemographic variables, intraoperative hemodynamic findings, time to onset of sensory and motor block, intensity of motor block, duration of tourniquet tolerance, need for additional local anaesthetic and sedation, development of intraoperative complications, perioperative visual analog scale values, and patient and surgeon satisfaction. Results: Group 2 showed significantly longer time to onset of motor and sensory block than Group 1 (p = 0.033 and 0.015, respectively). Group 2 showed a significantly weaker intensity of motor block than Group 1 (p < 0.001). Only one patient in Group 2 required additional local anaesthetic. No patient developed major complications. Conclusion: Forearm intravenous regional anaesthesia using a low dose of 0.5% lidocaine (75 mg; 15 ml) can provide adequate and safe surgical anaesthesia in ambulatory surgery of the hand. Furthermore, weaker motor blockade may assist the surgical team, especially in tendon surgeries. Therefore, the use of a lidocaine dose almost equivalent to the quantity used in IV induction of anaesthesia can achieve safe and effective anaesthesia in hand surgery. Level of Evidence: Level I, therapeutic study.

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Tierney, Geraldine. Climate change trends and impacts at Martin Van Buren National Historic Site: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289957.

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This assessment synthesizes information about current and projected climate and related impacts at Martin Van Buren National Historic Park (MAVA) in order to help park stewards understand, plan, and manage for climate change. Working with a group of park managers, scientists, and local stake-holders, six key park resources were identified for assessment herein: Climate, Water quantity, Phenology, Agriculture, Trees, and Cultural resources. Where data was available, this analysis assessed current condition and considered mid-century (2030–2060) and end-of-century (2100) impacts based on a range of projected future climate conditions, including reduced, low, high and highest emission pathways. Climate change stressors identified for MAVA include: Increased temperature, increased hot days, increased precipitation, increased extreme precipitation events, increased flooding and erosion, shifting ranges of both native species and pest, pathogen and weed species, and phenological shifts and mismatches.

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Bondarenko, Olga V. The didactic potential of virtual information educational environment as a tool of geography students training. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3761.

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The article clarifies the concept of “virtual information educational environment” (VIEE) and examines the researchers’ views on its meaning exposed in the scientific literature. The article determines the didactic potential of the virtual information educational environment for the geography students training based on the analysis of the authors’ experience of blended learning by means of the Google Classroom. It also specifies the features (immersion, interactivity, and dynamism, sense of presence, continuity, and causality). The authors highlighted the advantages of virtual information educational environment implementation, such as: increase of the efficiency of the educational process by intensifying the process of cognition and interpersonal interactive communication; continuous access to multimedia content both in Google Classroom and beyond; saving student time due to the absence of necessity to work out the training material “manually”; availability of virtual pages of the virtual class; individualization of the educational process; formation of informational culture of the geography students; and more productive learning of the educational material at the expense of IT educational facilities. Among the disadvantages the article mentions low level of computerization, insignificant quantity and low quality of software products, underestimation of the role of VIЕЕ in the professional training of geography students, and the lack of economic stimuli, etc.

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Aboal, Diego, Paula Garda, Bibiana Lanzilotta, and Marcelo Perera. Innovation, Firm Size, Technology Intensity, and Employment Generation in Uruguay: The Microeconometric Evidence. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008967.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between innovation and employment, in terms of both its quantity and quality, in Uruguay. The effect of product and process innovation on employment growth and on employment composition in terms of skills was studied, using data from manufacturing firms' innovation surveys, matched against economic activity surveys. The impact of different innovation strategies was also analyzed, particularly producing technology vs. sourcing technology externally. The results revealed that product innovation is associated with employment growth. There is (weaker) evidence that process innovation displaces labor. Product innovation is not more complementary to skilled than to unskilled labor. Producing technology in-house has the biggest positive impact on employment, followed by the make-and-buy strategy. Similar results are found for small firms and firms belonging to the low- and high-tech sectors. Interviews carried out with innovation agents support the view that in general innovation does not lead to job losses and that it generates greater demand for a more qualified labor force.

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