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Статті в журналах з теми "Local specific resources"
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Floyd, Jessica R., Joseph Ogola, Eric M. Fèvre, Nicola Wardrop, Andrew J. Tatem, and Nick W. Ruktanonchai. "Activity-specific mobility of adults in a rural region of western Kenya." PeerJ 8 (April 29, 2020): e8798. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8798.
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Improving rural household access to resources such as markets, schools and healthcare can help alleviate poverty in low-income settings. Current models of geographic accessibility to various resources rarely take individual variation into account due to a lack of appropriate data, yet understanding mobility at an individual level is key to knowing how people access their local resources. Our study used both an activity-specific survey and GPS trackers to evaluate how adults in a rural area of western Kenya accessed local resources. We calculated the travel time and time spent at six different types of resource and compared the GPS and survey data to see how well they matched. We found links between several demographic characteristics and the time spent at different resources, and that the GPS data reflected the survey data well for time spent at some types of resource, but poorly for others. We conclude that demography and activity are important drivers of mobility, and a better understanding of individual variation in mobility could be obtained through the use of GPS trackers on a wider scale.
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Zhai, Ying Xin, and Xiao Feng Liu. "Digital Library Resources in Grid Environment Organization Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 2679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.2679.
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Digital library resources in the grid environment, effective organizational work to prepare the service of the grid system, the user access to information base. Grid resource heterogeneity, distribution, dynamic characteristics, the paper constructed a global / local layered digital library resources organizational model, this mode to avoid the blindness of the resources found to shorten the resources to find time, through constant monitoring of local resource server, so that the search results according to specific rules arranged, greatly improving the utilization of resources to effectively improve the performance of the grid system
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Khadari, B., J. P. Roger, M. Ater, H. Achtak, A. Oukabli, and F. Kjellberg. "MOROCCAN FIG PRESENTS SPECIFIC GENETIC RESOURCES: A HIGH POTENTIAL OF LOCAL SELECTION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 798 (September 2008): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.798.3.
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Schmid, David, Denis Rosset, and Francesco Buscemi. "The type-independent resource theory of local operations and shared randomness." Quantum 4 (April 30, 2020): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-04-30-262.
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In space-like separated experiments and other scenarios where multiple parties share a classical common cause but no cause-effect relations, quantum theory allows a variety of nonsignaling resources which are useful for distributed quantum information processing. These include quantum states, nonlocal boxes, steering assemblages, teleportages, channel steering assemblages, and so on. Such resources are often studied using nonlocal games, semiquantum games, entanglement-witnesses, teleportation experiments, and similar tasks. We introduce a unifying framework which subsumes the full range of nonsignaling resources, as well as the games and experiments which probe them, into a common resource theory: that of local operations and shared randomness (LOSR). Crucially, we allow these LOSR operations to locally change the type of a resource, so that players can convert resources of any type into resources of any other type, and in particular into strategies for the specific type of game they are playing. We then prove several theorems relating resources and games of different types. These theorems generalize a number of seminal results from the literature, and can be applied to lessen the assumptions needed to characterize the nonclassicality of resources. As just one example, we prove that semiquantum games are able to perfectly characterize the LOSR nonclassicality of every resource of any type (not just quantum states, as was previously shown). As a consequence, we show that any resource can be characterized in a measurement-device-independent manner.
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Kato, Akiko. "HUMAN RESOURCE DEVLOPMENT PROGRAMS TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE NATION AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABE DEVELOPMENT." Journal of BIMP-EAGA Regional Development 3, no. 2 (December 16, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jbimpeagard.v3i2.1038.
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This paper will give an overview of the human resource　development programs taking place at the National　Institute of Technology, Fukushima College (henceforth NCT-FC). Explanation will be given on how these programs correspond to the rising human resource issues which are common all over Japan. Focus will be on matters dealing with local community revitalization and globalization, and on matters which are specific to local communities in Fukushima:　such as the decommissioning of the nuclear power plant, the implementation  of  renewable energy,  and environmental rehabilitation.  Finally, we will look at how NCT-FC develops its human resource programs to meet the general needs of Japanese communities as well as the specific needs of the local communities.  The topic of human resources is an emergent issue especially when it pertains to the sustainable development of small local Japanese communities. Tertiary education will play an important role in the revitalize of these communities.
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Kasarda, Radovan, Luboš Vostrý, Hana Vostrá-Vydrová, Kristína Candráková, and Nina Moravčíková. "Food Resources Biodiversity: The Case of Local Cattle in Slovakia." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031296.
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This study aimed to assess the level of biodiversity in selected local cattle populations as important food resources in Slovakia. The biodiversity level was derived from the genome-wide data collected for dairy (Jersey), dual-purpose (Slovak Pinzgau, Slovak Spotted), and beef breeds (Charolais, Limousine). The commonly used indices, genomic inbreeding (FROH, FGRM, FHOM, FUNI) and effective population size (NeLD), were used to quantify the impact of relatives mating on the genome of analysed populations. Even if the low NeLD estimates signalise significant loss of genetic variability within populations, the genomic inbreeding under 1% (except Jersey) showed that the intensity of diversity loss is not so rapid and can be managed by the re-arrangement of long-term breeding strategies. The analysis of genetic differentiation degree across populations assumed that the specialisation of breeds during their grading-up led to the specific nucleotide changes, especially in genes responsible for preferred phenotypic traits. The breed-specific differences observed mainly in the genome of Charolais (carcass traits) and Jersey (milk production traits) populations resulted from the polymorphisms in CAPN1 (μ-calpain) and CSN1S2 (casein alpha s2) genes, respectively. Obtained results confirmed that the specific haplotypes are strongly associated with the genetic nature of breed depending on production type.
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Aatmica Bajpai, Anuja Bokhare, Ankur Srivastava, and Sejal Agarwal. "ProviNeeds: A students support system for resource pooling." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0139.
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A broad range of students faces many issues in their day to day life due to less pocket money, transportation issues, time management, health issues and other many daily life issues. Many times student face the issue of buying resources and many times they are not able to fulfil their urgent needs due to many problems. ProviNeeds will be a student support system for resource pooling specifically for students, where they can pool extra resources, they can rent resources and can help other students in their local area by fulfilling their needs and by helping them. Students can put their requirements on this portal and the other student with that resource can respond and help that student. This system will be for a specific local area and only those local area students can interact and exchange resources and help each other.
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Pumkaew, Darunee. "Local Finance: Financial Resources Problem in Thailand." JPPUMA Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area 7, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v7i2.2447.
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<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><h1 align="center"><span style="font-size: 2em;">This study examines local government revenue in the 2016 fiscal year. The study makes use of local budget allocation documents to analyse problems with local public finance from the Department of Local Administration and employs data collected from four groups, namely government officials, experts, local politicians, and local government officials. This study reveals several findings. First, revenue structure of local government does not reflect self-reliance and fiscal autonomy. Instead the revenue of all types of local administrative organizations (LAOs) rely mostly on grants rather than on their self-collected revenues. Second, local administration organizations’ revenue between regions is unequal. LAOs in the Northeastern region show the lowest revenues per head from all revenue sources, and grant allocation is not academic-based. The fact that the Northeastern revenue and tax collection is lower than other regions, and that this region is allocated the smallest and fewest grants by the government, is evidence of this. Fourth, finance laws, especially regarding local finance, are outdated. There is no specific legislation on the identification of revenue sources of local administrative organizations, nor is there legislation on the regulation and practice of seeking new revenue sources for these organizations. And fifth, local administrative organizations are incapable of improving the local financial system that includes financial management, staff, and taxpayers.</span></h1><h1> </h1></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> </p>
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Hans, Nils, and Heike Hanhörster. "Accessing Resources in Arrival Neighbourhoods: How Foci-Aided Encounters Offer Resources to Newcomers." Urban Planning 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i3.2977.
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<p>Numerous studies have stressed the importance of social networks for the transfer of resources. This article focuses on recently arrived immigrants with few locally embedded network contacts, analysing how they draw on arrival-specific resources in their daily routines. The qualitative research in an arrival neighbourhood in a German city illustrates that routinised and spontaneous foci-aided encounters in semi-public spaces play an important role for newcomers in providing access to arrival-specific knowledge. The article draws on the concept of ‘micro publics,’ highlighting different settings facilitating interactions and resource transfers. Based on our research we developed a classification of different types of encounter that enable resource transfer. The article specifically focuses on foci-aided encounters, as these appear to have a great impact on newcomers’ access to resources. Institutionalised to varying degrees, these settings, ranging from local mosques to football grounds, facilitate interaction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ immigrants. Interviews reveal forms of solidarity between immigrants and how arrival-specific information relevant to ‘navigating the system’ gets transferred. Interestingly, reciprocity plays a role in resource transfers also via routinised and spontaneous foci-aided encounters.</p>
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Sautter, Johannes, Denis Havlik, Lars Böspflug, Matthias Max, Kalev Rannat, Marc Erlich, and Wolf Engelbach. "Simulation and Analysis of Mass Casualty Mission Tactics." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 7, no. 3 (July 2015): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiscram.2015070102.
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Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) cannot be managed with existing resources from operational area. The key to MCI management therefore is the efficient use of the few own resources as well as resources from neighboring administrative units by local medical mission commanders. This paper suggests a computer-based modeling and simulation system with a user- and context-adequate interface for testing local MCI mission tactics with realistic spatial and temporal availabilities of rescue units and hospitals in the vicinity of an accident site. From an organizational point of view, the tool could contribute to a holistic quality management approach for improving MCI management by facilitating site-specific resource deployment, mission structure, and patient evacuation planning. This paper describes the interaction concept of a resource planning application and envisions its usage in training courses, in breaks of leading personnel and for elaborating local preparedness plans.
Дисертації з теми "Local specific resources"
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Nyukwana, Nomveliso. "The human resource alignment with the strategic plan 2006-2011 in the Eastern Cape Chris Hani District Municipality with specific reference to the Emalahleni Local Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1001250.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the alignment of human resources with the strategic plan at Emalahleni Local Municipality in Chris Hani District Municipality, Eastern Cape. The alignment of the human resources plan with the strategic plan is the requirement for inclusive integrated planning legislated in local government acts. The research in this area does not investigate the alignment of the human resources plan with the strategic plan especially in Eastern Cape local government. Integrated planning which is inclusive of human resource development and performance management is a legal requirement legislated in the Local Government Municipal Systems Act no. 32 of 2000. From the literature review it was evident that it is essential for organisations to have a clear vision and measurable specific attainable time-bound objectives which could transpire into measurable performance standards. For achievement of the strategic objectives human resource planning of the organisation has to be informed by the objectives of the organisation so that there can be a relationship between the employees and the business in which they are employed. The literature raised the importance of the involvement of the human resource manager and employees in general in the development of human resource strategy and strategy planning in the organisation and the performance of the organisation. A combination of the qualitative and quantitative approaches was used to achieve the objectives of evaluation research used as the research design in the study. A document study, interviews, and questionnaires were used to investigate the alignment studied. The participants were employees ranging from managers to lowest-level employees. The main patterns that emerged from collected data were the lack of clear strategic objectives, lack of alignment of the strategic plan and human resources, the lack of human resource strategy and development, and performance management systems. Emalahleni Local Municipality was then advised to review and reconceptualise its strategy plan to contain objectives which were clear, specific and measurable, and strategic objectives to include a human resource strategy for human resource alignment with the strategic plan. Such alignment could lead to integrated planning which could be measured to evaluate failure or success in the achievement of the strategic objectives.
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Brosché, Johan. "Masters of War : The Role of Elites in Sudan’s Communal Conflicts." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-212374.
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Why do communal conflicts turn violent in some regions but not in others? Communal conflicts pose a severe threat to human security and kill thousands of people each year, but our understanding of this phenomenon is still limited. In particular, we lack knowledge about why some of these conflicts become violent while others are resolved peacefully. This study addresses this knowledge gap and has a novel approach by addressing subnational variations that are unexplained by previous research. The theoretical framework combines insights from three different perspectives focusing on the role of the state, elite interactions, and conditions for cooperation over common resources. Empirically, the research question is investigated by combining within- and between-region analyses of three Sudanese regions: Darfur, Eastern Sudan, and Greater Upper Nile. Despite sharing several similar characteristics, communal conflicts have killed thousands in Darfur and Greater Upper Nile but only a few dozen in Eastern Sudan. The empirical analysis builds on extensive material collected during fieldwork. This study generates several conclusions about the importance of government conduct and how state behavior contributes to the prevalence of violent communal conflicts. It finds that when governments act in a biased manner – favoring certain communities over others – interactions between central and local elites as well as among local elites are disrupted. Unconstructive elite interactions, in turn, have negative effects on three mechanisms that are crucial for communal cooperation. First, when the regime is biased, communal affiliation, rather than the severity and context of a violation, determines the sanctions that are imposed on the perpetrators. Second, government bias leads to unclear boundaries, which contribute to violent communal conflicts by creating disarray and by shifting power balances between the communities. Third, regime partiality distances rules from local conditions and restricts the influence of local actors who have an understanding of local circumstances. The study also reveals why a regime acts with partiality in some areas but not in others. The answer to this question is found in the complex interplay between the threats and opportunities that a region presents to the regime. Taken together, the findings have important implications for the prevention and management of communal conflict.
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Gabellini, Sara. "Enhancing agricultural research for rural development: The role of territorial approaches." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1272424.
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In the last years, agricultural research and institutions operating in agriculture, at the international and national levels, extended their scope to include new goals of sustainable and inclusive development.
In the fields of economics, agricultural research opened its confines and extended its priorities, from agricultural production to new economic, social, and environmental issues, affecting food and non-food agricultural systems.
Within this framework, rural development acquired growing attention. The international scientific and institutional debate are increasingly valuing the adoption of a new territorial approach to the development of rural areas, where supply chain operators, public authorities, and local communities are supposed to recognize their specific identity, interconnect their knowledge and capabilities, and collectively decide and operate, for the activation and sustainable valorization of valuable local specific resources.
Considering these issues, this thesis aims at enhancing the characterization and analysis of new territorial approaches to agricultural and rural development.
To that end, specific research objectives are identified, highly interrelated, and building on each other. The latter include: a) improving the conceptualization of territorial approaches to rural development; b) exploring how and to what extent the enhancement of valuable systems of local specific resources can work as a lever of inclusive and sustainable rural territorial development; c) identifying adequate governance settings and management mechanisms for collaborative valorization strategies, combining public policies with private action; d) understanding the role of territorial actors’ empowerment, and the potential of capacity-building approaches, bridging scientific with territorial-specific knowledge.
Accordingly, the Ph.D. Research process involved the analysis of different territorial contexts, as well as diverse valuable resource systems protection and valorization dynamics. Specifically, five publications were realized to fulfill the identified research objectives.
Publication 1 provides a broader conceptualization of rural territorial development with (bio-)cultural identity and validates the potential of capacity-building approaches. To that end, a new conceptual model is identified and applied to the illustrative and representative case of the Garfagnana territory, a rural area of Tuscany (Italy). The study highlights the new model validity for the identification and construction of quality virtuous valorization circles of local biocultural resources. Likewise, it highlights the new model potential for detecting the critical aspects, needs, and gaps, affecting the realization of effective governance settings and management approaches. To that end, the fundamental role of innovative capacity-building approaches is evidenced, in expanding key human resources capabilities and sustaining the empowerment of local actors for territorial dynamization. Besides that, a new educational profile of “Territorial Enhancer” is also identified, to respond to different territorial context demands, towards the inclusive and sustainable mobilization of biocultural heritage.
In Publications 2 and 3 a specific focus is made on the relevant case of agrobiodiversity valorization for rural territorial development and global sustainability. Publication 2 characterizes agrobiodiversity as a valuable system of local genetic and cultural resources, and analyses virtuous initiatives intended for their conservation and territorial valorization. The study focuses on the analysis of the illustrative and representative case of the Valtiberina Red Onion (Cipolla Rossa della Valtiberina), a threatened plant genetic resource of Tuscany (Italy). A participatory action research (PAR) approach is adopted. The publication outlines the distinctive qualities that characterize agrobiodiversity resources and the related multiple value potential for inclusive and sustainable agriculture and rural development. The opportunity of recognizing, conserving, and valorizing the local specific genetic and cultural diversity is seen as linked to the possible adaption, integration, and better coordination of both public policies and private strategies. To that end, new action directions are identified by the study. The latter supports the identification of adequate governance and management solutions, intended to the realization of multi-stakeholder strategies, aiming at the qualification and marketing of agrobiodiversity products, and territorial development.
Building on the findings of Publication 2, Publication 3 aims at understanding how the restoring and valorization of agrobiodiversity resources, and particularly of underutilized or neglected landraces, can act as a trigger of sustainable territorial development. A new socio-ecological systems (SES) approach is adopted, to design a holistic model for the characterization and analysis of agrobiodiversity-oriented food systems. The model was tested on the Valtiberina Red Onion case. The paper proves the new model validity to classify the assets, drivers, human action processes, and generated benefits, concerning the realization of landrace-based quality virtuous valorization circles, and to evaluate their performance of sustainability and rural development. In addition, the model favors the identification and implementation of effective combinations of public and private action, fostering a balanced satisfaction of all the interests at stake.
Besides that, Publication 4 and 5 intend to explore the role of new strategic industries - other than food -, that are acquiring a growing market consideration, social appreciation, and public recognition, for their specific sustainability potential, and possible contribution to higher human well-being. Specifically, the representative case of ornamental horticulture is analyzed.
Hence, Publication 4 intends to fill the gap in the availability of integrated data sources and structured theoretically sound studies on new consumption trends, marketing strategies, and governance settings, characterizing the European ornamental market context. Accordingly, an integrative grey literature review is carried out, using a comprehensive approach. Relevant changes in socio-ecological determinants are highlighted, driving local resources valorization to become a key solution in combining new differential advantages, with wider social, and environmental goals. A new action-research agenda is identified, for the advancement of market research, and the improvement and coordination of public and private action. Accordingly, the evolution of policies, programmes, and legislation, and the enhancement of private actors’ collaboration, is considered to furtherly boost ornamentals market attractivity and social recognition, and to sustain a necessary reorganization of production and trade.
Lastly, in Publication 5 a virtuous multi-stakeholder initiative is analyzed, intended to the requalification and territorial valorization of the localized floriculture system of Tuscany (Italy). Based on a PAR approach, the study evidences how the evolution of flower consumption trends and the emergence of new high-value market niches, demanding for origin and sustainability attributes, represent significant opportunities for differentiation and sustainability transformation for local high-cost supply systems. Therefore, the essential role of innovative win-win qualification strategies and luxury marketing approaches is considered, involving the collaboration of supply chains operators and other territorial actors, for the dynamization, and virtuous valorization, of local flower agrobiodiversity and related territorial capital (social, human, natural). Hence, relevant product innovation policies and place branding strategies are identified. The latter sustain the construction of high-value positionings and territorial valorization paths, based on a wider recognition, and fairer remuneration of local flowers’ biocultural and sustainability content. In that regard, the fundamental role of cooperation and networking is also outlined. An innovation multi-stakeholder platform (IP) is characterized as an effective governance model, enabling local actors’ collaboration, self-leading, and self-organization.
Considering all the described contributions, this thesis is expected to provide researchers, businesses, and institutions with relevant insights, new concepts, and innovative analytical models, sustaining the validation of territorial approaches characteristics and potential. Consequently, the consolidation and implementation of new development paradigms will renovate the role of agriculture and rural areas for the benefit of present and future generations.
Книги з теми "Local specific resources"
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Griffin, James. Using local history sources: A teachers' guide for the National Curriculum. Abingdon: Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 1996.
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David, Eddershaw, ed. Using local history sources: A teacher's guide for the National Curriculum. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1994.
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Cassi, Laura, Margherita Azzari, and Monica Meini, eds. Cultural Itineraries in Tuscany. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-215-9.
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In the conviction that cultural itineraries must assume a growing importance in a tourism based on the criteria of sustainability, three examples of the valorisation of local culture have been elaborated. This is effectively an important component of sustainable development, one of the fundamental aspects of which is the historic memory of the territory. The growth of the tourist and free time market provides an efficacious stimulus for the development of proposals aimed at prospecting new itineraries and alleviating the more consolidated tourist flows, inserting a vast heritage of landscape and cultural resources within significant territorial fabrics. This is also true from the point of view of growing synergies between economy and culture. The three proposed itineraries unwind through areas of great interest in terms of historical traditions and of specific territorial resources which deserve cultural valorisation, particularly in view of the fact that Tuscany offers an enormous wealth distributed in a capillary manner, but much of which is little known.
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Magnaghi, Alberto, and Sara Giacomozzi, eds. Un fiume per il territorio. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-033-8.
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This book illustrates the study carried out to define the project guidelines for the river park of the Arno and its tributaries the Pesa and the Elsa in the Empoli area, and has been produced by liaison between the territorial Planning Department and the Municipalities of the Empoli district. The integrated analysis of local resources scheduled, on the one hand the identification of the criticalities of the territorial system, and on the other the conscious and distinctly interpretational representation of the local cultural bedrock. The definition of scenarios for the entire territory has made it possible to demonstrate the outcomes of complex dynamics in a synthetic manner, moving on to the individual integrated projects and specific sectorial policies. It is precisely this recourse to scenarios, seen as the embodiment of a phase of project sharing and definition, that is the innovative feature of the «River Contract» proposed as a tool for the management and implementation of the plan.
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Busacca, Maurizio, and Roberto Paladini. Collaboration Age. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-424-0.
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Recently, public policies of urban regeneration have intensified and multiplied. They are being promoted with the aim to start social and economic dynamics within the local context which is subject to intervention. From the empirical analysis, we realise that such activities are mainly implemented by three subjects or by mixed coalitions (public institutions, actors of the third sector and companies). Within them, each player is moved by a multiplicity of interests and goals that go beyond their own nature – public interest, market and mutualism – and tend to redefine themselves, thus becoming hybrid forms of production of value (social, economic, cultural). By studying a number Italian and Catalan cases, this essay deals with the theory that, under specific conditions and configurations, a collaborative direction – of organization, production and design – would give life to successful procedures, even without the identification of a one-best-way. The collaboration is not simply a choice of operation, but a real production method which mobilises social resources to create hybrid solutions – between state, market and society – to complex issues that could not be faced solely with the use of the rationale of action of one among the three actors. In this framework, the systems of relations and interactions between players and shared capital become an essential condition for the success of every initiative of urban redevelopment, or failure thereof. Such initiatives are brought to life by the strategic role of individuals who foster connections as well as the dissemination of non-redundant information between social networks, and collective and individual actors which would otherwise be separated and barely able to communicate and collaborate with each other. In addition to the functions carried out by knowledge brokers, that have been extensively described in organisational studies and economic sociology, the aforementioned figures act as real social enzymes, that is to say, they handle the available information and function as catalysts of social processes of production of knowledge. Moreover, they increase the reaction speed, working on mechanisms which control the spontaneity.
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Specific learning difficulties: Local SpLD resources booklet : Addresses and specialist registers. Cambridge: SpLD, 2001.
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Using Local History Sources. Hodder Arnold H&S, 1996.
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Parnell, Susan, Edgar Pieterse, Mark Swilling, and Dominique Wooldridge. Democratising Local Government: The South African Experiment. UCT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/1-91971-352-6.
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Local government is at the forefront of development. In South Africa the ambitious policy objectives of post-apartheid reconstruction and development hinge on the successful creation of a democratic tier of government close to the people. An entirely new system of ‘developmental local government’ has thus been introduced. As is the case in many developing countries, the responsibilities of municipalities in South Africa have been extended dramatically, often without adequate resources. Managing municipalities for development therefore requires political will and strategic intervention. Democratising Local Government – the South African Experiment will assist officials, politicians and communities who wish to optimise their development ambitions within the new local governance framework. Lessons from the South African experience will be of use in many other countries, especially in Africa, where decentralisation is a major emphasis of development theory and practice. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to developmental local government. It includes: the design of the new local government system and the issues posed by decentralisation an overview of specific challenges of urban and rural municipalities a discussion of special issues facing local government including poverty, gender and environment new tools for local government, including budgeting, indicators, municipal partnerships and capacity building. The authors have extensive experience in policy formulation, municipal management and research on local government. They are activists, civil servants, NGO workers, consultants and academics. Their authoritative views are brought together in this important test to provide a solid foundation for working with and understanding local government in the developing world.
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Grau, Marion. Considering Hermeneutics, Method, and Cultural Diversity in Anglican and Episcopal Contexts. Edited by Mark Chapman, Sathianathan Clarke, and Martyn Percy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218561.013.12.
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The history and continuing presence of British colonialism are inseparable from the past and present shape of the Anglican world. This has meant the spreading of a localized, specific form of Reformation Christianity in domains of the former British Empire, and the negotiation of how its local theology would interact with the multitude of local languages, cultures, and socio-religious practices. The reality of geopolitical, religio-cultural contextualities continues to challenge the resources of Anglicanism. This chapter explores some of the hermeneutics, methods, and varieties of cultural diversity involved in incarnating different varieties of Anglicanism. It argues that the work of moving beyond ‘civilizational confinement’ involves a theological hermeneutics that honours multiple layers of identity and culture, and necessitates the difficult work of restoring and transforming relationships.
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Salsitz, Edwin A. Legal Issues in Treating Pain and Addiction (DRAFT). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265366.003.0007.
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Competent treatment of both pain and addiction requires an understanding of applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. Key requirements of federal laws and regulations are outlined in this chapter; the authors emphasize the need for an understanding of local and regional laws and precedents, which goes beyond the scope of the chapter, and a separate text box is provided with resources. Also provided is a text box analyzing 2017 changes to the federal Rule 42, CFR, relating to confidentiality and re-disclosure of information specific to treatment of substance use disorders. Areas of chapter focus include: HIPAA, confidentiality, general medical recordkeeping principles and obligations, federal audits (DATA 2000 and buprenorphine), medication storage, reporting requirements and the duty to warn, reports to employers, and the management of an office closure.
Частини книг з теми "Local specific resources"
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Wisansing, Jutamas. "From theory to practice: the three principles of community-based design." In Creative tourism: activating cultural resources and engaging creative travellers, 83–92. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243536.0012.
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Abstract One of the challenges in developing tourism in many local communities, particularly in developing countries, is the danger of commodification of culture. Existing models of cultural tourism often see culture as a relatively static product to be 'sold' to tourists. By embracing local identity and intangible cultural assets, and concentrating on local creative processes, creative tourism can emerge as a fundamental tool for combatting such negative impacts of traditional models of cultural tourism. This chapter reflects on an experimental learning journey, a creative tourism pilot project initiated by the Designated Areas for Sustainable Tourism Administration (DASTA) in Thailand. The main objective of this learning journey with DASTA was to develop a Creative Tourism Brain Bank (CTBB), working together in a creative tourism lab which aimed to explore the following questions: (1) What constitutes creative tourism, specific to the Thai context?; (2)What makes creative tourism different from other forms of tourism?; (3) How can we transform community cultural tourism/activities into creative tourism?
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Salvado, Rita, and Guida Rolo. "COOLWOOL - creative weekend at Covilhã, a co-designed programme." In Creative tourism: activating cultural resources and engaging creative travellers, 124–29. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243536.0017.
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Abstract COOLWOOL, Creative weekend at Covilhã is a creative tourism programme to discover the wool industrial heritage of the Portuguese industrial city of Covilhã. It proposes a singular experience of immersion into the city factory and into the factory ambience. The project is co-organized by the New Hand Lab (www.newhandlab.com) and the Wool Museum of the University of Beira Interio(www.museu.ubi.pt) and was developed as part of the CREATOUR ® project. Creative weekend at Covilhã is a city break programme that invites participants to discover the wool industrial heritage of the city. It aims to offer creative and relaxed tourism activities to discover the local culture, through being introduced to crafting techniques and by sensing the wool heritage. The programme is conceived to reach a very specific group of tourists, experienced people who have accumulated both a taste for creative experiences as well as an enthusiasm for textiles and wool culture. This programme, offered all year round, aims to offer alternatives to winter sports, challenging visitors to discover the wool culture. The aim in the future is to enlarge the audience, bringing to Covilhã more visitors interested in industrial wool heritage. It is thus a programme for curious people who like new experiences, to be challenged, and to know the places they visit through their history and identity.
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Suarsana, Laura. "Specialists for Crumble Cakes? The German LandFrauen Organizations in Social Innovation, and as Educational, Social, and Political Institutions." In Knowledge and Civil Society, 77–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71147-4_5.
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AbstractThis chapter presents empirical results on the German LandFrauen clubs and associations as contemporary elements of German civil society from the conceptual perspective of social innovation, as an approach which is expected to hold high potential particularly for rural areas. The analysis shows that the German LandFrauen clubs and associations are highly engaged in initiating change and development in rural Germany by uniquely addressing women’s needs through social, cultural, and educational offers. Here, the members’ social interactions function as a basis and starting point for further activities providing impulses in local development.As prerequisites that enable the LandFrauen to pursue their activities, two key characteristics were identified: (1) Their practices are integrated into specific local fields and highly adaptive to local needs and interests through the deep integration of the large and diverse base of members in their local villages and rural society, which allows for functions as local initiators, catalysts, and multipliers in regional development. (2) The institutional frame of clubs and associations allows for support, cooperation, and exchange across the vertical and horizontal structure, and provides access to resources and a broad network to external partners.
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Navarro Yáñez, Clemente J., and María Jesús Rodríguez-García. "Opening the Black Box of Integrated Urban Development Strategies: On Causal Mechanisms and Policy Theories." In EU Integrated Urban Initiatives, 91–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20885-0_6.
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AbstractThis chapter is devoted to analysing the policy theory used by local plans to implement integrated policy mixes. Based on the theory-driven evaluation and social mechanism perspectives, the chapter analyses the causal process established by local plans to ensure the link between objectives and their expected results; and, therefore, the relation between goal and implementation tools. From an analytical point of view, four main causal processes are proposed as combinations of two main aspects. First, goals according to the classical distinction in urban policies between context and actors. Second, the causal mechanism behind policy tools is distinguished according to two main types: oriented to modify opportunity structures and to change actors’ preferences or resources. These causal processes are identified by analysing each policy action implemented in local plans portfolios. The comparison between URBAN and URBANA programmes shows a progressive change from causal processes based on motivational mechanisms targeted at specific groups to re-equilibrate social inequalities to causal processes centred on context improvements to enhance their attractiveness.
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Schnug, Ewald, Donal Murphy, Eric Evans, Silvia Haneklaus, and Juergen Lamp. "Yield Mapping and Application of Yield Maps to Computer-Aided Local Resource Management." In Proceedings of Soil Specific Crop Management, 87–93. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1993.soilspecificcrop.c7.
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Honeyman, Catherine, Laura Cordisco Tsai, Nancy Chervin, Melanie Sany, and Janice Ubaldo. "Workforce Skills Curriculum Development in Context: Case Studies in Rwanda, Algeria, and the Philippines." In Life Skills Education for Youth, 113–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85214-6_6.
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AbstractLife skills programming in the field of international workforce development operates within a professional community of practice that is shaped by dynamics of power, influence, and resources, as well as by specific local contexts and actors. This chapter gives detailed insight into three case studies of youth workforce life skills programming developed by the organizations World Learning, Education Development Center, and 10ThousandWindows in different national settings and with distinct youth populations, highlighting how these organizations have interacted with the larger field and learned from one another to address issues of contextualization, pedagogy, sustainability, and scale. Through descriptions of programming in Rwanda, Algeria, and the Philippines, the chapter offers insight into the complexities of life skills curriculum development and contextualization processes and highlights issues that remain difficult to resolve, as well as new frontiers for programming in rapidly changing economies.
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Kelly, Ashley Scott, and Xiaoxuan Lu. "Chinese Mass Nature Tourism and Ecotourism." In Critical Landscape Planning during the Belt and Road Initiative, 159–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4067-4_7.
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AbstractThis chapter features two planning proposals that engage the ideological and practical frictions between Chinese mass nature tourism and ecotourism. Employed by China’s southwestern frontier provinces as a development model since the early 2000s, mass nature tourism is driven by an economic ideology that appropriates an “impoverished” region and its population as resources. In recent years, the Chinese model of mass nature tourism has been introduced into northern Laos. These large-scale tourism programs may arguably prove economically viable but unavoidably raise ethical, cultural and environmental questions that call for urgent attention. Focusing on Boten and Luang Prabang, the two featured planning proposals challenge an economic-driven and object-based mass nature tourism model and investigate the possibility of a site-, culture-, and landscape-sensitive ecotourism approach. Both projects begin with an analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of key landscape systems that are crucial for enabling the establishment of tourism programs and for sustaining local livelihoods and cultural practices that are indispensable assets of authentic cultural landscape experiences. Based on these analyses, both projects identify site-specific tourism development capacities, guiding the scale and speed of development to minimize conflict between local communities and tourism, while maximizing tourism-related ecological and social benefits.
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Mahmoud, Israa, and Eugenio Morello. "Co-creation Pathway for Urban Nature-Based Solutions: Testing a Shared-Governance Approach in Three Cities and Nine Action Labs." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 259–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_17.
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AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) implementation in urban contexts has proven outcoming multiple benefits to reverse the current trend of natural resources’ degradation adversely affecting biodiversity, human health, and wellbeing. Yet, the current urban-planning policy frameworks present a rigid structure to integrate NBS definitions, and their co-benefits to get mainstreamed and up scaled on a wider urban spatial dimension. In this research, we test a complete co-creation pathway that encourages decision-makers to embed citizen engagement methodologies as an approach to co-design and co-implement NBS in shared-governance processes aiming to increment the greening of urban spaces, towards more inclusive and climate resilient cities. On one hand, we assess a tendency to involve a multiplicity of stakeholders that collaborate to the establishment of an Urban Innovation Partnership (UIP) aiming at increasing the social awareness around NBS themes, and at the same time tackling both financial and governance aspects. On the other hand, the innovation embedded in NBS paves the way to combine a multi-scalar flexibility in implementation tools and place-based urban actions, hence resulting in widespread economic, environmental, and social impacts in place. The novelty in embedding the co-creation process in urban-planning practice lies in catalyzing resources towards the transposition of research into practice through policy and planning tools for local authorities and decision-makers. Three front-runner cities (Hamburg, London, and Milan) are under investigation as part of Clever Cities—a Horizon 2020 project—aiming at implementing NBS in diverse urban-regeneration processes, through nine up-running Urban Living Labs (ULLs). Grounded on a comparative analysis of these three cities, key characterization for NBS implementation framework could be categorized into: (1) current urban-planning greening strategies in each context, (2) specific environmental and societal challenges addressed, (3) different typologies and scales of NBS integration within urban morphologies, (4) specific governance process as response to co-design and co-implementation processes, and (5) availability of financial investment and main stakeholders. As research results, we emphasize using co-creation approach in urban planning to embed and upscale NBS in an inclusive shared-governance process, hence contributing to social awareness and acceptance. Meanwhile, spatial, and financial challenges could be majorly resolved using a multi-scalar approach to manage newly embedded urban-greening policies at the urban level. Lastly, the implementation scale of NBS with local communities requires a radical paradigmatic shift in societal, individual and administrative urban-planning practices.
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Jarke, Juliane. "Co-creation in Practice I: Co-creating a Digital Neighbourhood Guide (Bremen Osterholz)." In Public Administration and Information Technology, 71–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52873-7_5.
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Abstract This chapter reports on a co-creation project that was conducted in the city district Bremen Osterholz. A core group of 11 older residents co-created a digital district guide over the duration of ten months. In a first step, the group identified an information gap between existing neighbourhood resources to support older residents and older residents’ awareness about them. The solution proposed was to better inform older adults in order to facilitate social participation in their everyday lives (ranging from consulting services to social encounters and outdoor activities). Members of the core group defined the specific information needs (including relevant attributes for each information category) and collected data for all categories. In addition, focus groups with 80 older residents were conducted with the support of local social care service providers. The focus groups were used partly for collecting information about the district, but also for testing the first prototype. The chapter describes co-creation methods such as cultural probes and data tables. It concludes with lessons learned.
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Ayres, Roberta, José Carlos Aragão, Mariana Carvalho, Francisco Gouveia, Estrela Matilde, Martina Panisi, Jormicilesa Sacramento, and Vanessa Schmitt. "Environmental Education in São Tomé and Príncipe: The Challenges of Owning a Unique Biodiversity." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 671–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_25.
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AbstractThe islands of São Tomé and Príncipe host extraordinary biodiversity that evolved over millions of years without human presence. In the fifteenth century, the colonization of the islands created a society of migrants, associated with extensive land-use change and generally low knowledge and stewardship of autochthonous biodiversity. Formal education became widely accessible after the country’s independence but the curriculum has never been aligned with the natural heritage of the islands. Informal environmental education started in the 1990s alongside the pioneer conservation initiatives involving the scientific community. In the last decade, these efforts have multiplied, in line with the need to engage and involve local actors to promote stewardship and ensure the success of conservation efforts. Some changes were made recently at a formal level with the inclusion of environmental education curricula and new manuals. In addition, several initiatives and improvements are being developed in the private education sector. However, limited access to resources for educators reduces motivation and capacity to implement longer-term improvements. Most environmental education activities are still promoted by NGOs and mainly focus on endemic or threatened species and target school-age audiences. Other initiatives focusing on specific demographic groups have provided interesting results but are more intermittent and their impacts have largely not yet been evaluated. Improving formal assessments for current and future projects to assess impacts and refine future approaches will be essential moving forward. In addition, ensuring the involvement of local actors, coordination between different initiatives, and the use of diversified approaches will ensure that environmental education engages the widest possible audiences.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Local specific resources"
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Maria Golinellia, Gaetano, Alfonso Sianob, Paolo Piciocchi b, Agostino Vollero b, and Francesca Conte b. "The Access Rights to Communication Resources in the Smart Local Service System: First Insights." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100292.
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This paper aims at highlighting the relevant role of Service Science perspective in place governance. The study conceptualizes a new form of territorial “governmentality” capable of managing the access to place communication resources and activating decision-making collaborative logics with stakeholders. The methodology envisages the integrating of Service Science Management and Engineering+Design and Viable Systems Approach. Smart local governance has to enable a broader access to place communication resources, regulating the access rights. “Open Governance” mechanisms and access to shared place communication resources facilitate the value co-creation process with stakeholders. The conceptual paper presents the typical limitations of the deductive approach. The paper argues that stakeholders play a proactive role in the creation, innovation and utilization of place-specific communication resources through high degree of interaction, availability and accessibility to a growing body of information. The paper offers new insights on local governance issue, emphasizing the role of the governance in ensuring stakeholders’ access to communication resources. Developing improved methods to facilitate effective value co-creation process is valuable for a participatory and interactive approach in place communication management.
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Becker, Edward. "[Local] Materials Matter." In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.25.
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This research explores three design-research projects led by the author that transformed locally sourced, underutilized biomaterials into high-performance building products tailored to their regional contexts. They are intended to expose barriers related to product development, permitting, code compliance, and application, each key limitations for the widespread acceptance and utilization of novel low-carbon construction materials. One case-study project, the New River Train Observation Tower, involved the utilization of low-grade timber products for the development of local-species CLT. The low-grade “trash” wood for the structural product was sourced, milled, pressed, and utilized locally, thus significantly reducing carbon emissions from construction, benefitting the local economy, and resisting region-specific pests/fungi. The thirty-foot-tall, publicly accessible tower was the first hardwood CLT building in the United States to receive a building permit and to be constructed with local- species wood. Another practice-based research project by the author titled “Lake House” employs local alternatives for non-renewable building products. The project involves the utilization of thermally modified wood and highlights key hurdles to locally sourced, bio-based material utilization. Each project exemplifies a material-based carbon management strategy and is affiliated with the author’s research at the Center for Low-Carbon Structures and Systems at Virginia Tech, a multidisciplinary research unit focused on the development and implementation of novel bio-based building systems. Both case study projects and their related low-carbon products/systems align with the AIA Framework for Design Excellence, specifically Designing for Resources and Designing for Economy.
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Hrivnák, Michal, Peter Moritz, and Jana Jarábková. "Grassroots komunity ako zdroj sociálnych inovácií v miestnom rozvoji." In XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-9.
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Grassroots communities are still a relatively new phenomenon in the scientific literature of Central and Eastern Europe. These institutional units, which arise from the proactive approach of local communities towards addressing the specific social, environmental, cultural or economic development challenges, are, among other influences, a potential source of social innovation and new knowledge. The aim of the paper is to describe the ability of grassroots communities to generate public services, social innovation and bring new solutions in local development through pooling resources from within the community. We use data obtained from ongoing long-term research of grassroots communities in Slovakia. Based on the execution of mass guided interviews and data collection in the form of an extensive questionnaire, we characterize identified grassroots communities, their activities in local development, community parameters and forms of pooling resources from within the community. We also provide an overview of specific, identified social innovations. Information on the degree of novelty of grassroots community products and services at different spatial levels and information on the spatial scope of activities served us to create a specific typology of grassroots communities.
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Morosan-Danila, Lucia, and Otilia-Maria Bordeianu. "Human Resources Strategies in Times of Crisis." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/47.
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The year 2020 came with new challenges for individuals,enterprise sand public institutions.The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a change in the way of thinking, management and action at local and global level, in order to overcome obstacles of financial, legislative, procedural ororganizational nature.The economic crisis felt by the business environment only started in 2020, andc ompanies mustunderstand the need to formulate and implement specific strategies related to management,human resources,supply chain,source of financing ,etc.This paper aims to present solutions for efficient management of human resources within companies in order to cope with the problems generated by COVID-19,based on the analysis of the current situation in Romania,presenting an analysis of the human resources management during the crisis. At the end, proposals are made to support the activity of human resources specialists in crisis situations, especially the type generated by COVID-19 context, when the mobility and interaction of human resources is limited.
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Maharaj, Tushara, Marc Rudder, Vyshaia Singh, Wayne Rajkumar, and Vidjaya Ramkhalawan. "A New Produced Water Management Policy for the Energy Sector of Trinidad and Tobago." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200926-ms.
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Abstract A Produced Water (PW) Management framework is presented, forming part of an Upstream Effluent Management (UEM) Policy. It addresses the minimization and ultimate elimination of treated and untreated PW discharge by utilization of an integrated management approach to ensure Zero Harmful Discharge (ZHD) to the environment. This approach targeted legislative reform, sustainable PW management practices, monitoring and evaluation, research and development and sustainable production patterns. A Cabinet-appointed Upstream Effluent Management Committee was established for evaluating the status of the upstream, oil and gas, effluent management practices including that of PW and providing recommendations on the way forward. This included determining the challenges in meeting relevant environmental standards; evaluating Best Available Technology (BAT) or Best Practicable Environmental Options (BPEO) for local use and benchmarking local standards against international best practices. Ultimately, a UEM Policy, inclusive of a PW Management Policy, and a revised Water Pollution Rules 2019 (WPR) were developed, submitted and approved by the Cabinet of Trinidad and Tobago. Emerging from data evaluation and committee consultations, it was found that parameters from PW streams, such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Phenols and Ammoniacal Nitrogen were regularly out of compliance with local permissible limits. Additionally, it was noted that PW management was known to be generally costly, in terms of monitoring, treatment and disposal operations. As such the UEM Committee recommended that measures be taken to facilitate better PW management including, amendments to the Water Pollution Rules 2001 (as amended) and the TTS 547:1998, Specification for the Effluent From Industrial Processes Discharged into the Environment; to focus more on toxic components such as BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene) and PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons); improvement of the chemical evaluation and approval process by the Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries (MEEI) to include a pre-screening step; and the establishment of National Ambient Water Quality Standards, which have been included in the revised WPR. The WPR also encourages re-use as a beneficial discount through the revised annual permit calculation. In addition, Environmental Risk Assessments (ERA) are to be utilized to evaluate the physical, biological and socio-economic environmental standing of the marine environment of Trinidad and Tobago, so as to comprehensively deduce the full impacts of effluent discharge. Trinidad and Tobago has been in oil and gas operations for over 100 years and this integrated management approach for PW introduces a set of novel strategies and tools, geared towards moving in a more environmentally sustainable direction. The approach envisages the use of a more industry-specific regulation that focuses on the toxic components. Furthermore, this method acknowledges that "not-one-size-fits-all" and so, based on the ERA results for the specific geographic marine jurisdictions surrounding Trinidad and Tobago; it encourages more environmentally sustainable and cost effective management.
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Spain, David R., Ivan Gil, Herb Sebastian, Phil S. Smith, Jeff Wampler, Stephan Cadwallader, and Mitchell Graff. "Geo-Engineered Completion Optimization: An Integrated, Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Improve Stimulation Efficiency in Unconventional Shale Reservoirs." In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172921-ms.
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Abstract Large, high density fracture networks are necessary to deliver commercial production rates from sub-microdarcy permeability organic-rich shale reservoirs. Operators have increased lateral length and fracture stages as the primary means to improve well performance and, more recently, are tailoring completion techniques to local experience and reservoir-specific learning. In particular, closer fracture stage spacing or increased number of stages per well have driven improvements in well performance. Large scale adoption occurs when the change in performance is clearly linked to the reservoir-specific completion design. Horizontal well fracturing efficiency in unconventional reservoirs is notoriously poor. Numerous authors report that 40 to 60 per cent of frac stages or individual perforation clusters have been shown (albeit with highly uncertain surveillance methods) to contribute little or no production. The fracture initiation and propagation process is very complex in shale; it is affected by in-situ stress, geomechanical heterogeneity, presence of natural fractures, and completion parameters. Close cluster spacing can provide enhanced well production; however, if the spacing is too close, stress shadowing among these clusters can actually induce higher stresses, creating fracture competition. This paper presents an approach to the integration of these parameters through both state-of-the-art geological characterization and unconventional 3D hydraulic fracture modeling. We couple stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN) models of in-situ natural fractures with a state-of-the art 3D unconventional fracture simulator. The modeled fracture geometry and associated conductivity is exported into a dynamic reservoir flow model, for production performance prediction. Calibrated toolkits and workflows, underpinned by integrated surveillance including distributed temperature and acoustic fiber optic sensing (DTS/DAS), are used to optimize horizontal well completions. A case study is presented which demonstrates the technical merits and economic benefits of using this multidisciplinary approach to completion optimization.
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Fredd, C. N. N., J. L. L. Daniels, and J. D. D. Baihly. "$40 Billion Learning Curve: Leveraging Lessons Learned to Minimize the Overall Investment in Unconventional Plays." In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172973-ms.
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Abstract The industry has made significant advances in the way we exploit unconventional resources such as source rock and tight reservoirs. Innovations in horizontal drilling and multistage fracturing have unlocked previously uneconomical plays, and technology has brought a step change in operational efficiency. Lessons learned from unconventional resources highlight collaboration and integrated reservoir-centric workflows as common traits for economic success. The development of unconventional resources in North America was aided by the readily available infrastructure, water resources, expertise, and a general understanding of potential sweet spots due to numerous well penetrations. Even with these favorable conditions, an estimated 40% of unconventional wells are uneconomical due to spatial variability in reservoir characteristics, lateral heterogeneity along the wellbores, accuracy of well placement, and variability in drilling, completion, and stimulation practices. This non-ideal economic performance also ineffectively consumes local resources such as water and proppant. This paper provides a retrospective assessment of the Barnett Shale and Eagle Ford Shale to highlight lessons learned and the associated value of those learnings. The impact of applying technology and utilizing a data-driven approach based on measurements will be assessed in terms of the investment required to achieve a given hydrocarbon production. The results indicate that these unconventional plays could have been developed with well counts reduced by the thousands, water consumption reduced by billions of gallons, and investment savings in the billions of dollars if initially exploited by applying the key lessons learned from over the past 30 years. This potential reduction in investment amounts to $40 billion for the Barnett Shale (shale gas) plus the Eagle Ford Shale (oil window) and represents the significant value of moving along the learning curve. Fortunately, there is no need to repeat this learning curve investment, as key lessons learned can be applied to other unconventional plays around the world. This learning curve is of specific value in international plays where local infrastructure, supply, and market conditions may not be as favorable as in North America, hence necessitating a different approach to optimize the overall investment when developing unconventional plays.
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Proskina, Liga, Dace Kaufmane, Liga Paula, Kaspars Naglis-Liepa, and Sintija Ozolniece. "Policy measures to support local food systems." In 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.023.
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Enterprises engaged in food production are one of the focuses of the European Green Deal, as the implementation of its objectives will make impacts on agriculture, which is one of the most important industries supplying raw materials to food producers, as well as on energy and transport. Previous research studies have emphasized that processes within the local food system (LFS) occur over a relatively short geographical distance, thereby creating a number of economic advantages as well as making a significant impact on the community economy. In other words, this diversifies the rural economy, makes enterprises more economically independent, develops local potential and contributes to the image of the area. Most of the food produced in Latvia was sold in the domestic market, and only approximately a third of the food output was exported over the last decade. The expansion of the domestic market is therefore very important for local producers. Food production is spread throughout the country, and both home producers and rural small and medium enterprises producing food participate in the market, which contributes particularly to the socio-economic viability of the population living in rural communities. As a result, local food systems emerge, which is a complex phenomenon, as it involves more than just economic aspects. Food production, distribution and waste management are indirectly affected by several public policies, as the food production begins with the exploitation of primary production resources linked to the environment and ends with the development of cultural services, including the preservation of traditions and values. Accordingly, it might be argued that an LFS represents a very complex and diverse set of actors and their interrelationships, which is constrained by specific social, cultural, economic and institutional frameworks, and therefore the research aims to give insight into the public policy dimension in food systems and, based on the research findings, identify key problems and develop recommendations for the development of food systems in Latvia.
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Ghosh, Avishek, and Jean-Jacques Favier. "3D Printing of Eco-Friendly Artificial Martian Clay (JMSS-1) for In-Situ Resource Utilization on Mars." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85353.
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Abstract Permanent settlement on the surface of planets like the Moon and Mars is anticipated to be beneficial for long-duration exploration missions. The space agencies have developed several plans, along with other commercial partners, to build operational stations on such planetary bodies, which will be economical and resourceful to execute further missions into deep space. Therefore, the real integration of an advanced manufacturing technique is essentially a matter of further research to design and deliver critical subsystems utilising in-situ resources available on the surface of Mars. The Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique is becoming increasingly promising for developing complex structures by depositing multiple consecutive layers, unlike specific moulds required in the conventional manufacturing process. Therefore, to assess the feasibility of 3D printing with local resources technically, a recently developed artificial Mars soil simulant known as Jining Martian Soil Simulant (JMSS-1) has been processed to formulate clay useful for the extrusion 3D printing process. The developed Martian clay has been fabricated, characterised, and its dielectric properties measured at high frequencies for the first time. A stable aqueous clay has been developed containing less organics (< 10 wt% versus typically 30–40 wt%), which is amenable to resource-efficient 3D printing. A range of solid and porous structures of various shapes and sizes have been fabricated using a custom-developed material extrusion 3D printing system. The 3D printed artificial Martian clay sintered for 2 hours at 1100°C exhibited relative permittivity (εr) = 4.52, dielectric loss (tanδ) = 0.0015, quality factor (Q × f) = 7039 GHz. TCf = −19; and demonstrated similar properties at higher frequencies. This work demonstrates the progress in clay additive manufacturing and illustrates the potential to deliver components with functional properties through a “Powder to Product” holistic approach that can support long-term space exploration by utilising local resources available on Mars.
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Kolesnik, M., and E. Baranova. "Creation of the information system “Memorial plaques of Kaliningrad”: content analysis of the commemorative text." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1796.978-5-317-06529-4/108-113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the study of the role of memorial plaques as commemorative signs in the creation of a single “city text” of Kaliningrad. Based on the American resource Open Plaques, the most complete database of memorial plaques in Kaliningrad has been created at the moment. In the course of the analysis of the obtained material, it was found that the boards created in Kaliningrad over the past decades differ from those established in the Soviet period in thematic and artistic performance, the size of the non-verbal component of the text. This is how the plaques associated with preserving the memory of the heroes of local wars and armed conflicts are installed. Often, on updated plaques, the non-verbal component becomes larger, and the verbal text is supplemented with more specific information
Звіти організацій з теми "Local specific resources"
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Saluja, Ridhi, and Thanapon Piman. The wetlands of the lower Songkhram River basin need collaborative conservation. Stockholm Environment Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The wetlands of the lower Songkhram River basin are protected as a Ramsar site and a regional environmental asset, but they are under threat from numerous factors related to developmental activities. The lower Songkhram River is the last free-flowing tributary of the Mekong River and is a lifeline for over 14 000 households and a haven to many endemic biodiversity species. Local communities in the region have unique associations with the natural resources in the river basin, including the wetlands, and they perceive immense value in conserving these ecosystems. Natural resource policies lack specific guidelines and collaborative approaches for the protection, conservation and management of the wetland resources of the lower Songkhram River. The way forward should be led by a synchronized planning process, collaborative governance of the wetland resources, and empowerment of already existing local community groups.
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Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross, and Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...
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Lyammouri, Rida. Central Mali: Armed Community Mobilization in Crisis. RESOLVE Network, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2021.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The proliferation of community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Mali’s Mopti and Ségou Regions has contributed to transforming Central Mali into a regional epicenter of conflict since 2016. Due to the lack of adequate presence of the state, certain vulnerable, conflict-affected communities resorted to embracing non-state armed groups as security umbrellas in the context of inter-communal violence. These local conflicts are the result of long-standing issues over increasing pressure on natural resources, climate shocks, competing economic lifestyles, nepotistic and exclusionary resource management practices, and the shifting representations of a segregated, historically constructed sense of ethnic identities in the region. This report untangles the legitimacy of armed groups, mobilizing factors, and the multi-level impact of violence implicating CBAGs. It further explores the relations amongst different actors, including the state, armed groups, and communities. The findings provide relevant insight for context-specific policy design toward conflict resolution and hybrid security governance.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6876399.ch.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947060.ch.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing
practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices
are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability
assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6965584.ch.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. Community-Responsive Education Policies and the Question of Optimality: Decentralisation and District-Level Variation in Policy Adoption and Implementation in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Decentralisation, or devolving authority to the third tier of government to prioritise specific policy reforms and manage their implementation, is argued to lead to pro-poor development for a number of reasons: local bureaucrats can better gauge the local needs, be responsive to community demands, and, due to physical proximity, can be more easily held accountable by community members. In the education sector, devolving authority to district government has thus been seen as critical to introducing reforms aimed at increasing access and improving learning outcomes. Based on fieldwork with district-level education bureaucracies, schools, and communities in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia, this article shows that decentralisation has indeed led to community-responsive policy-development in Indonesia. The district-level education bureaucracies in both districts did appear to prioritise community preferences when choosing to prioritise specific educational reforms from among many introduced by the national government. However, the optimality of these preferences could be questioned. The prioritised policies are reflective of cultural and religious values or immediate employment considerations of the communities in the two districts, rather than being explicitly focused on improving learning outcomes: the urban district prioritised degree completion, while the rural district prioritised moral education. These preferences might appear sub-optimal if the preference is for education bureaucracies to focus directly on improving literacy and numeracy outcomes. Yet, taking into account the socio-economic context of each district, it becomes easy to see the logic dictating these preferences: the communities and the district government officials are consciously prioritising those education policies for which they foresee direct payoffs. Since improving learning outcomes requires long-term commitment, it appears rational to focus on policies promising more immediate gains, especially when they aim, indirectly and implicitly, to improve actual learning outcomes. Thus, more effective community mobilisation campaigns can be developed if the donor agencies funding them recognise that it is not necessarily the lack of information but the nature of the local incentive structures that shapes communities’ expectations of education. Overall, decentralisation is leading to more context-specific educational policy prioritisation in Indonesia, resulting in the possibility of significant district-level variation in outcomes. Further, looking at the school-level variation in each district, the paper shows that public schools ranked as high performing had students from more privileged socio-economic backgrounds and were catering for communities that had more financial resources to support activities in the school, compared with schools ranked as low performing. Thus, there is a gap to bridge within public schools and not just between public and private schools.
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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.