Готові списки джерел за темами / LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD"

1

Corcoran, Jonathan, Renee Zahnow, Rebecca Wickes, and John Hipp. "Neighbourhood land use features, collective efficacy and local civic actions." Urban Studies 55, no. 11 (July 26, 2017): 2372–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017717212.

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This paper explores the association between neighbourhood land use features and informal social control. More specifically, we examine the extent to which such features in combination with the socio-demographic context of the neighbourhood facilitate or impede collective efficacy and local civic actions. We achieve this through spatially integrating data from the census, topographic databases and a 2012 survey of 4132 residents from 148 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. The study creates a new classification of a neighbourhood’s physical environment by creating novel categories of land use features that depict social conduits, social holes and social wedges. Social conduits are features of the neighbourhood that facilitate interaction between individuals, social holes are land uses that create situations where there is no occupancy, and social wedges are features that carve up neighbourhoods. We find some evidence to suggest that residents’ reports of collective efficacy are higher in neighbourhoods with a greater density of social conduits. Density of social conduits is also positively associated with local civic action. However, in neighbourhoods with more greenspace, residents are less likely to engage in local civic actions.
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2

Zegras, Christopher, Jae Seung Lee, and Eran Ben-Joseph. "By Community or Design? Age-restricted Neighbourhoods, Physical Design and Baby Boomers’ Local Travel Behaviour in Suburban Boston, US." Urban Studies 49, no. 10 (January 5, 2012): 2169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011429485.

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This article analyses the travel behaviour, residential choices and related preferences of 55+ baby boomers in suburban Boston, USA, looking specifically at age-restricted neighbourhoods. For this highly auto-dependent group, do neighbourhood-related characteristics influence local-level recreational walk/bike and social activity trip-making? The analysis aims to discern community (for example, social network) versus physical (for example, street network) influences. Structural equation models, incorporating attitudes and residential choice, are used to control for self-selection and to account for direct and indirect effects among exogenous and endogenous variables. The analysis reveals modest neighbourhood effects. Living in age-restricted, as opposed to unrestricted, suburban neighbourhoods modestly increases the likelihood of residents being active (i.e. making at least one local recreational walk/bike trip) and the number of local social trips. Overall, the age-restricted community status has greater influence on recreational and social activity trip-making than the neighbourhood physical characteristics, although some community–neighbourhood interaction exists.
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3

Johnston, Ron, Carol Propper, Rebecca Sarker, Kelvyn Jones, Anne Bolster, and Simon Burgess. "Neighbourhood Social Capital and Neighbourhood Effects." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 8 (August 2005): 1443–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37222.

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Recent research has provided very strong circumstantial evidence of the existence of neighbourhood effects in voting patterns at recent UK general elections. The usual reason adduced to account for these spatial variations is the neighbourhood effect. This hypothesises that people are influenced in their decisionmaking and behavioural patterns by their neighbours, with interpersonal conversation being the main means of transmitting such influence. Although there is an increasing body of evidence showing the impact of such conversations—that people who talk together, vote together—relatively little of this has grounded the geography of such conversations in the individuals' local neighbourhoods. Those who interact locally should show more evidence of ‘neighbourhood-effect-like’ patterns than those who do not. To inquire whether this is indeed so, this paper extends recent work on voting patterns in the United Kingdom by investigating the behaviour of individuals with different levels of participation in their local milieux—what we define below as neighbourhood social capital.
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4

Hoekstra, Myrte Sophie. "Creating active citizens? Emotional geographies of citizenship in a diverse and deprived neighbourhood." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 480–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418789408.

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National and local governments in Western Europe formulate normative notions of active citizenship to regulate the attitudes and behaviours of their subjects. Focusing in particular on diverse and deprived urban neighbourhoods, local interventions target residents’ presumed lack of attachment to the neighbourhood and their alienation from ‘mainstream’ white middle-class society. This paper argues that – contrary to policy assumptions – residents are emotionally attached to and engaged with their neighbourhood. However, their everyday practices of citizenship fall short of the standards prescribed by policy-makers. These two perspectives intersect and clash in the local neighbourhood centre. Staff members of this semi-governmental intervention mediate different citizenship conceptions by creating personal relations with participants while simultaneously reinforcing dominant norms. The findings highlight the messy and ambiguous reality of neighbourhood governance and underscore that local understandings of citizenship can simultaneously work with and against policy frameworks.
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Arribas-Bel, Daniel, and Jessie Bakens. "Spatial dynamics of cultural diversity in the Netherlands." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 1142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318783748.

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In this paper, we analyse the spatial dimension of changing ethnic diversity at the neighbourhood level. Drawing from recent work on income convergence, we characterise the evolution of population diversity in the Netherlands over space. Our analysis is structured over three dimensions, which allow us to find clear spatial patterns in how cultural diversity changes at the neighbourhood level. Globally, we use directional statistics to visualise techniques of exploratory data analysis, finding a clear trend towards ‘spatially integrated change’: a situation where the trajectory of ethnic change in a neighbourhood is closely related to that in adjacent neighbourhoods. When we zoom into the local level, a visualisation of recent measures of local concordance allows us to document a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in how the overall change is distributed over space. Finally, to further explore the nature and characteristics of neighbourhoods that experience the largest amount of change, we develop a spatial, multilevel model. Our results show that the largest cities, as well as those at the boundaries with Belgium and Germany, with the most diverse neighbourhoods, have large clusters of stable neighbourhood diversity over time, while concentrations of high dynamic areas are nearby these largest cities. The analysis shows that neighbourhood diversity spatially ‘spills over’, gradually expanding outside traditionally diverse areas.
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Fabula, Szabolcs, Rikke Skovgaard Nielsen, Eduardo Barberis, Lajos Boros, Anne Hedegaard Winther, and Zoltán Kovács. "Diversity and local business structure in European urban contexts." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 70, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.1.5.

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This article investigates the interconnectedness between neighbourhood diversity and local business structures. For this purpose, interviews with residents and entrepreneurs were conducted in three European cities: Budapest, Copenhagen, and Milan. The results show that diversity in the economic structure of urban neighbourhoods is equally important with regards to residents’ quality of life, the image of the neighbourhood, and local social cohesion. Therefore, the main recommendation is that policy makers should act to preserve the diversity of local business structures, and that the concept of diversity itself should be understood in a broader sense, taking local peculiarities into account.
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Jansen, Kirstin, Goddert von Oheimb, Helge Bruelheide, Werner Härdtle та Andreas Fichtner. "Tree species richness modulates water supply in the local tree neighbourhood: evidence from woodδ13C signatures in a large-scale forest experiment". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, № 1946 (3 березня 2021): 20203100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3100.

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Biodiversity is considered to mitigate the adverse effects of changing precipitation patterns. However, our understanding of how tree diversity at the local neighbourhood scale modulates the water use and leaf physiology of individual trees remains unclear. We made use of a large-scale tree diversity experiment in subtropical China to study eight tree species along an experimentally manipulated gradient of local neighbourhood tree species richness. Twig wood carbon isotope composition (δ13Cwood) was used as an indicator for immediate leaf-level responses to water availability in relation to local neighbourhood conditions and a target tree's functional traits. Across species, a target tree'sδ13Cwoodsignatures decreased progressively with increasing neighbourhood species richness, with effects being strongest at high neighbourhood shading intensity. Moreover, theδ13Cwood-shading relationship shifted from positive (thin-leaved species) or neutral (thick-leaved species) in conspecific to negative in heterospecific neighbourhoods, most likely owing to a lower interspecific competition for water and microclimate amelioration. This suggests that promoting tree species richness at the local neighbourhood scale may improve a tree's local water supply with potential effects for an optimized water-use efficiency of tree communities during drought. This assumption, however, requires validation by further studies that focus on mechanisms that regulate the water availability in mixtures.
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8

Eriksson, Malin, Ailiana Santosa, Liv Zetterberg, Ichiro Kawachi, and Nawi Ng. "Social Capital and Sustainable Social Development—How Are Changes in Neighbourhood Social Capital Associated with Neighbourhood Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics?" Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 13161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313161.

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The development of social capital is acknowledged as key for sustainable social development. Little is known about how social capital changes over time and how it correlates with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors. This study was conducted in 46 neighbourhoods in Umeå Municipality, northern Sweden. The aim was to examine neighbourhood-level characteristics associated with changes in neighbourhood social capital and to discuss implications for local policies for sustainable social development. We designed an ecological study linking survey data to registry data in 2006 and 2020. Over 14 years, social capital increased in 9 and decreased in 15 neighbourhoods. Higher levels of social capital were associated with specific sociodemographic factors, but these differed in urban and rural areas. Urban neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of older pensioners (OR = 1.49, CI: 1.16–1.92), children under 12 (OR= 2.13, CI: 1.31–3.47), or a lower proportion of foreign-born members (OR= 0.32, CI: 0.19–0.55) had higher odds for higher social capital levels. In rural neighbourhoods, a higher proportion of single-parent households was associated with higher levels of social capital (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.04–1.98). Neighbourhood socioeconomic factors such as income or educational level did not influence neighbourhood social capital. Using repeated measures of social capital, this study gives insights into how social capital changes over time in local areas and the factors influencing its development. Local policies to promote social capital for sustainable social development should strive to integrate diverse demographic groups within neighbourhoods and should increase opportunities for inter-ethnic interactions.
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9

Zhang, Qi, Esther Hiu-Kwan Yung, and Edwin Hon-Wan Chan. "Meshing Sustainability with Satisfaction: An Investigation of Residents’ Perceptions in Three Different Neighbourhoods in Chengdu, China." Land 10, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111280.

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Анотація:
Can sustainability and liveability be simultaneously pursued at the neighbourhood level? Adopting neighbourhood satisfaction as a proxy to indicate liveability at the neighbourhood scale, this paper investigated how the residential subjective perception of sustainability factors interacted with neighbourhood satisfaction in the context of three different neighbourhoods in Chengdu, China. This began with a comprehensive literature review to construct the neighbourhood sustainability framework. Then, a total of 510 cross-sectional questionnaire surveys was conducted in Chengdu. Logistic regression was employed to investigate significant associations. The findings revealed that the ‘sense and habit of energy saving’ is the only sustainability factor that is negatively associated with neighbourhood satisfaction in commodity-housing neighbourhood. Compared with intangible factors, tangible or physical sustainability factors are more likely to contribute to improving neighbourhood satisfaction and suppressing moving intention. The study also evidenced the contextual differences of significant associations among danwei, resettlement, and commodity-housing neighbourhoods coexisting in transitional China. This calls for adaptive and contextual rather than standardized, top-down strategies for developing sustainable neighbourhood planning to simultaneously promote sustainability and liveability in Chengdu, China. Finally, a specific contextual framework was provided as policy implications for developing local and adaptive solutions.
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10

Briskie, James V. "Song variation and the structure of local song dialects in the polygynandrous Smith's Longspur." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 10 (December 1, 1999): 1587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-134.

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I examined song structure in five populations (or neighbourhoods) of the polygynandrous Smith's Longspur (Calcarius pictus) near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, from 1988 to 1994. All after-second-year (ASY) males sang only a single song type. This song type did not vary within ASY males over the season or from year to year and it was nearly identical among all ASY males within a neighbourhood. However, the song type of ASY males differed significantly from one neighbourhood to the next in the number of elements, total length (s), and minimum frequency (kHz). Neighbourhood dialects were readily distinguishable by the human ear and, except in one case, persisted over the duration of the study. In contrast to the uniformity of ASY male song within a neighbourhood, the song of second-year (SY) males did not match the local dialect. Only when SY males returned for a second year did their song and the neighbourhood dialect of ASY males converge. There were no differences in song structure that could be related to the complex mating system of this species. The function of neighbourhood dialects is not clear, but they may be used by both males and females as a signal of affiliation and experience with the local area.
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Дисертації з теми "LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD"

1

Khan, Usman Awais. "Neighbourhood forums and the #new left' in local government." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282119.

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2

David, Daniel Basil. "The Impacts Of Neighbourhood Traffic Management." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8180.

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A major traffic-related problem faced by residents is speeding, which not only causes safety concerns, but also noise issues. Traffic calming is a much favoured traffic management tool employed by road controlling authorities to primarily reduce vehicle speed, hence improve community liveability. This research aimed to investigate the impacts of traffic calming on speed, safety and traffic noise. The objectives included developing models for the prediction of speed and noise on traffic-calmed streets, and providing guidance for good design practices. Speeds of individual vehicles as they approached and crossed traffic calming devices were observed in order to identify the behaviour of individual drivers. Results indicated that the speed hump and the raised angled slow point produced the largest speed reductions and least variation in speeds, while mid-block narrowings had no significant speed changes. Inter-device speed was found to be mainly controlled by the separation between devices. 85th percentile speeds at distances from calming devices were 40 – 45 km/h for vertical deflections and 45 – 55 km/h for horizontal deflections. Speeds on approach to speed humps were found to be influenced by the distance available on the approaches, while operating speed at the speed humps were partly influenced by the hump width relative to the road width. There was evidence of safety benefits of traffic calming overall, despite mid-block crashes increasing post-calming. However, there was no association between the traffic calming and the crashes, which appeared to probably be due to other factors, human factors in particular. Noise levels produced by light vehicles across speed humps were in fact lower than on a flat section of road, given their respective mean speeds. At a reference speed of 25 km/h, noise levels produced over the 100 mm hump were 3.6 dBA higher than those produced by the 75 mm hump.
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3

Colson, Justin. "Local communities in fifteenth century London : craft, parish and neighbourhood." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/022998f6-8295-56c4-acb7-f0e109d48fbe/10/.

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This thesis explores structural changes to the institutions of urban life within the City of London during the fifteenth century. While the late medieval period posed many challenges, London fared well. Profound changes gripped its economic and social infrastructure: traditional medieval forms of social organisation and control changed into formalised structures and procedures, with implications for the social makeup of the City itself. Using an innovative combination of methodologies, including GIS mapping and Social Network Analysis, social topography and sociability are investigated to reconstruct changes in ‘civil society'. Focusing upon four neighbouring parishes, the thesis is particularly concerned with personal interaction and locations of residence and trade. Archival study of hundreds of wills and deeds has created a dataset detailing legal and personal relationships between 4,000 Londoners. Social transformations are revealed at a local level by reconstructing and mapping property boundaries, and chronologies of ownership, as well as social relationships expressed in wills. Early in the century the City was still segregated into relatively homogenous ‘trade quarters', for both customary and pragmatic reasons. Bridge Street, for example, was a natural focus for Fishmongers. Prosopographical study of that Company has revealed a ‘quasi-federal' structure, simultaneously reflecting neighbourhood identities and wider commercial interests. Yet, by the close of the century, a fundamental shift in the nature of Companies, from a ‘personal', to a formal social basis, transformed the social topography of the City into a much more heterogeneous form. The erosion of localised Craft structures coincided with the diversification of social activities of parish churches, revealed in the volume and breadth of community participation. Furthermore, the strength of informal sociability within the neighbourhood remained constant in the face of these changes. The neighbourhood thus remained a fundamental element in the infrastructure of the late-medieval City, both defining, and reflecting, local sociability.
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4

Gunnarsson, Liisa. "Place Lalla Yeddouna : A Neighbourhood Regeneration in Fez, Morocco." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35248.

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The project includes a concept for the renewal of the urban situation of Place Lalla Yeddouna in Fez, Morocco, along side with the design of an Artisan's House. Suitable local materials and techniques has been used to create adequate, interesting and sensible rooms. The building by the square will allow the local artisans to work, exhibit, study and teach.
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5

Diamond, John. "Local socialism as decentralisation : a study of the neighbourhood services initiative in Manchester 1984 -1988." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358421.

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6

Monaco, Sara. "Neighbourhood Politics in Transition : Residents' Associations and Local Government in Post-Apartheid Cape Town /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Uppsala universitetsbibliotek [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8434.

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7

Patterson, Corinna. "Wales in a global neighbourhood : perception of, and reactions to, local and global citizenship." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/wales-in-a-global-neighbourhood--perception-of-and-reactions-to-local-and-global-citizenship(2a2db9bc-ebcf-4475-84cc-ce95ecee69f8).html.

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An examination of how two rural Welsh market towns, Llangefni and Machynlleth, have been affected by the processes of globalization and in particular how their local residents and local business owners perceive and experience these changes, shows the uneven effects of globalization on locations, economies and cultures, resulting in some locations becoming homogenized, losing their identity and purpose for their citizens, whilst others become hybridized, developing for themselves new identities, purpose and social structures. This thesis contributes to the understanding of how people living in small rural historic market towns engage with the local and the global in their day-today lives, and consequently how empowered they are and feel as local and/or global citizens. It reveals how the social inequalities of education, class and culture exclude some and include others, resulting in what Bauman (2000) refers to as the `global' and the `globalized', empowering some and disempowering others. The inequality and unevenness of globalization is further compounded by contradictory policy objectives that seek to encourage civic participation and responsibility in local and global issues, but which are often at odds with the economic objectives set out for areas, leading to uneven development and implementation between areas. Through gaining a better understanding of how places, people and businesses are affected by and engage with globalization and by helping to identify what facilitates better and more meaningful local and global civic engagement and empowerment, the thesis aims to enable more appropriate policy directives, that will engage citizens meaningfully and equally in both local and global issues.
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Bentley, Lee. "Engagement in the local community and civic socialisation : an analysis of neighbourhood and household context using the British Household Panel Survey." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/engagement-in-the-local-community-and-civic-socialisation-an-analysis-of-neighbourhood-and-household-context-using-the-british-household-panel-survey(8659c2bc-75c6-4a1b-8035-6112cf112099).html.

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This thesis sets out to examine the notion that social context throughout the life course plays an important role in the development of social capital. It explores this using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), a longitudinal data set, using data from England and Wales. It argues that social capital can be thought of as being composed of different dimensions which develop differentially over time. It frames the research within the context of the local community and examines three distinct dimensions of social capital: participation in local groups, neighbourhood attachment, and interpersonal trust. Frameworks are developed within which each is hypothesised to develop at different times and within different contexts. Different expectations are outlined which suggest how they should develop within a view of social capital based on Putnam (2000) and his predictions concerning social participation and trust. These are contrasted with theories and findings form the literature on political socialisation and Uslaner’s (2002) conception of trust as a deep rooted moral trait. It is shown that participation in local groups, neighbourhood attachment and interpersonal trust, do develop at different stages and in different contexts. Moreover, it is shown that growing up in a highly trusting environment may predict participation and engagement later in life.
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9

Thomas, Garry. "A critical analysis of the use of community intelligence in local neighbourhood policing in South Wales." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2014. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-critical-analysis-of-the-use-of-community-intelligence-in-local-neighbourhood-policing-in-south-wales(22f48737-ce51-4e95-8c32-b76b0b97eaec).html.

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This research critically analyses the use of community intelligence in the delivery of local neighbourhood policing in South Wales and the police service in general. It examines in detail the development of policing and intelligence, particularly neighbourhood policing and community intelligence from its early beginnings and evaluates the contemporary definitions and police officer and staff perceptions of neighbourhood policing and community intelligence. This research also proposes a new definition of community intelligence and analyses how community intelligence is gathered, recorded and processed, and its relationship to the Intelligence Cycle and the National Intelligence Model. It further examines the operational application of community intelligence, including in counter terrorism and tackling organised crime, and the competing priorities, tensions and contradictions between performance management, neighbourhood policing, problem-oriented policing and intelligence-led policing. This research also evaluates the decision making process and how that may be affected by organisational issues such as, organisational culture, behaviour, management, leadership, information and knowledge. It examines the importance of community engagement in developing community intelligence and providing cohesive policing services to the public. Furthermore, this research considers the future directions of community intelligence and research on policing. The findings from this research indicate that some community intelligence is used to direct policing patrols and operations. However, there is some confusion by police officers and staff as to what constitutes community information and intelligence and thus it is not always recorded correctly limiting its use in the delivery of local neighbourhood policing and resulting in the loss of intelligence. This serves to highlight some of the areas for improvement in the policies, procedures, systems and management of intelligence. The findings also indicate the potential use of community intelligence in counter terrorism and in the provision of improved policing services to the public.
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10

Lee, Peter. "Neighbourhood trajectories and social exclusion : towards a citizenship of place." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1314/.

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This submission develops a set of arguments around the path dependency of places – how previous policy eras shape the trajectory and outcomes of places - and the tensions between social inclusion policies and practices on the one hand and competitiveness on the other. Path dependency results from previous legacies of the built form and access and eligibility rights. The "narrative" of places, the categories and descriptions used in delineating neighbourhoods and shaping policy is also influential. A coherent line of research is demonstrated which has revolved around the definition, measurement and scale of deprivation and housing's role in social exclusion and competitiveness debates. Originally focused at household and individual level, the enquiry shifted to the role of neighbourhoods and places in terms of their "compositional" and "environmental" meaning. The thesis revolves around the concept of participation standards and the underpinning principles of citizenship arising from denial of access to relative "norms and standards". This highlights tensions in the competing goals of competitiveness and inclusion in housing and urban policy at different scales resulting in differential speeds and experiences of place. Logically this would suggest that the evolution of citizenship and participation can legitimately embrace the concept of citizenship of place.
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Книги з теми "LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD"

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Policy Action Team on Skills. and Great Britain. Department for Education and Employment., eds. Skills for neighbourhood renewal: Local solutions. London: DfEE, 1999.

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2

Scoffham, Stephen. The neighbourhood. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991.

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3

Scoffham, Stephen. The neighbourhood. Walton-on-Thames: Nelson, 1992.

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4

Chaligha, Amon. The 2004 neighbourhood, hamlet, and village council elections. [Dar es Salaam]: Research and Education for Democracy in Tanzania, Dept. of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Dar es Salaam, 2008.

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5

Research and Education for Democracy in Tanzania Project, ed. The 2004 neighbourhood, hamlet, and village council elections. [Dar es Salaam]: Research and Education for Democracy in Tanzania, Dept. of Political Science and Public Administration, University of Dar es Salaam, 2008.

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6

A history of Poole and neighbourhood. Chichester: Phillimore, 1988.

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7

Saunders, Robert. Planning for real Local Agenda 21: Local Agenda 21 and the work of The Neighbourhood Initiatives Foundation. Telford: Neighbourhood Initiatives Foundation, 2001.

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8

Neighbourhood politics in transition: Residents' associations and local government in post-apartheid Cape Town. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala universitet, 2008.

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9

European Institute for Urban Affairs (Liverpool John Moores University), Local Government Centre (University of Warwick), Neighbourhood Renewal Unit, Great Britain. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister., and Great Britain. Department of Transport., eds. LSP evaluation and action research programme: Local neighbourhood renewal strategies : document analysis and review. London: Neighbourhood Renewal Unit, 2004.

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10

Monaco, Sara. Neighbourhood politics in transition: Residents' associations and local government in post-apartheid Cape Town. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala universitet, 2008.

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Частини книг з теми "LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD"

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Pineo, Helen. "Local Health: Neighbourhood Scale." In Planning, Environment, Cities, 141–72. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9647-3_6.

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Bühlmann, Felix, Katy Morris, Nicolas Sommet, and Leen Vandecasteele. "Vulnerabilities in Local Contexts." In Withstanding Vulnerability throughout Adult Life, 139–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4567-0_9.

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AbstractMeso-level contexts (e.g., neighbourhood or community contexts) have a profound influence on vulnerability trajectories. They may mediate, mitigate, or reinforce the impact of variables such as gender, age or social class. This chapter studies how meso-level economic factors cushion or worsen the negative effects of adverse circumstances on people’s socio-economic trajectories, health outcomes, or political attitudes. This chapter showcases four case studies, which show: (1) that meso-level labour market contexts can alter the size of the penalties associated with low levels of educational attainment or a more disadvantaged background for young people seeking employment for the first time; (2) that meso-level social networks act as multipliers of inequality; close social ties in the neighbourhood increase the probability of exiting unemployment in resourceful neighbourhoods, whereas they decrease the probability of unemployment exits in deprived neighbourhoods; (3) that people residing in locations with higher levels of income inequality perceive others as being more competitive, which produces paradoxical effects on their self-rated health and undermines the psychological health of the most economically vulnerable; (4) how the confrontation with meso-level inequality and diversity shapes people’s beliefs in meritocracy and examine how everyday experiences of local inequality reinforces or weakens people’s belief in meritocratic value.
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Bell, David, and Lourdes Orozco. "Scale, the Local and Cultural Policy’s Geographies." In New Directions in Cultural Policy Research, 51–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32312-6_3.

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AbstractDavid Bell and Lourdes Orozco introduce key debates in human geography about spatial scale and about the scale of the local, set in the context of cultural policy’s geographies. The chapter’s focus is on how different understandings of spatial scale matter for cultural policy research and practice. Unpacking the local scale and showing it to be relational and translocal, the chapter then deploys key concepts to a case study—a previous research project by the authors that investigated small arts venues, their neighbourhoods and their audiences. By focusing on the urban, neighbourhood and individual (person/building) scales, and then discussing these relationally as an arts ecology, the case study shows how a scalar approach can bring new ways of understanding cultural policy’s geographies.
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Lewis, Peter M., and Jerry Booth. "Serving Neighbourhood and Nation: British Local Radio." In The Invisible Medium, 89–114. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19984-6_6.

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Hashem, Tahrima, Lida Rashidi, James Bailey, and Lars Kulik. "Characteristics of Local Intrinsic Dimensionality (LID) in Subspaces: Local Neighbourhood Analysis." In Similarity Search and Applications, 247–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32047-8_22.

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Kane, Bronach C. "Neighbourhood and local knowledge in later medieval England." In The Experience of Neighbourhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 30–47. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558349-4.

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Kane, Bronach C. "Neighbourhood and local knowledge in later medieval England." In The Experience of Neighbourhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, 30–47. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315558349-4.

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Ishtaiwi, Abdelraouf, John Thornton, Abdul Sattar, and Duc Nghia Pham. "Neighbourhood Clause Weight Redistribution in Local Search for SAT." In Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming - CP 2005, 772–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11564751_62.

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Riahi, Vahid, M. M. A. Polash, M. A. Hakim Newton, and Abdul Sattar. "Mixed Neighbourhood Local Search for Customer Order Scheduling Problem." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 296–309. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97304-3_23.

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Di Gaspero, Luca, and Andrea Schaerf. "Multi-neighbourhood Local Search with Application to Course Timetabling." In Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling IV, 262–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45157-0_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD"

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Akgün, Özgür, Saad Attieh, Ian P. Gent, Christopher Jefferson, Ian Miguel, Peter Nightingale, András Z. Salamon, Patrick Spracklen, and James Wetter. "A Framework for Constraint Based Local Search using Essence." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/173.

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Structured Neighbourhood Search (SNS) is a framework for constraint-based local search for problems expressed in the Essence abstract constraint specification language. The local search explores a structured neighbourhood, where each state in the neighbourhood preserves a high level structural feature of the problem. SNS derives highly structured problem-specific neighbourhoods automatically and directly from the features of the Essence specification of the problem. Hence, neighbourhoods can represent important structural features of the problem, such as partitions of sets, even if that structure is obscured in the low-level input format required by a constraint solver. SNS expresses each neighbourhood as a constrained optimisation problem, which is solved with a constraint solver. We have implemented SNS, together with automatic generation of neighbourhoods for high level structures, and report high quality results for several optimisation problems.
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Attieh, Saad, Nguyen Dang, Christopher Jefferson, Ian Miguel, and Peter Nightingale. "Athanor: High-Level Local Search Over Abstract Constraint Specifications in Essence." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/148.

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This paper presents Athanor, a novel local search solver that operates on abstract constraint specifications of combinatorial problems in the Essence language. It is unique in that it operates directly on the high level, nested types in Essence, such as set of partitions or multiset of sequences, without refining such types into low level representations. This approach has two main advantages. First, the structure present in the high level types allows high quality neighbourhoods for local search to be automatically derived. Second, it allows Athanor to scale much better than solvers that operate on the equivalent, but much larger, low-level representations. The paper details how Athanor operates, covering incremental evaluation, dynamic unrolling of quantified expressions and neighbourhood construction. A series of case studies show the performance of Athanor, benchmarked against several local search solvers on a range of problem classes.
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Maciejewski, Tomasz, and Jerzy Stefanowski. "Local neighbourhood extension of SMOTE for mining imbalanced data." In 2011 Ieee Symposium On Computational Intelligence And Data Mining - Part Of 17273 - 2011 Ssci. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cidm.2011.5949434.

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Graaff, A. J., and A. P. Engelbrecht. "A local network neighbourhood artificial immune system for data clustering." In 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2007.4424480.

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"Measuring the Demand for Housing at Local and Neighbourhood Level." In 2005 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society: ERES Conference 2005. ERES, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2005_240.

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Massand, Sagar, and Sunil Simon. "Graphical One-Sided Markets." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/70.

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We study the problem of allocating indivisible objects to a set of rational agents where each agent's final utility depends on the intrinsic valuation of the allocated item as well as the allocation within the agent's local neighbourhood. We specify agents' local neighbourhood in terms of a weighted graph. This extends the model of one-sided markets to incorporate neighbourhood externalities. We consider the solution concept of stability and show that, unlike in the case of one-sided markets, stable allocations may not always exist. When the underlying local neighbourhood graph is symmetric, a 2-stable allocation is guaranteed to exist and any decentralised mechanism where pairs of rational players agree to exchange objects terminates in such an allocation. We show that computing a 2-stable allocation is PLS-complete and further identify subclasses which are tractable. In the case of asymmetric neighbourhood structures, we show that it is NP-complete to check if a 2-stable allocation exists. We then identify structural restrictions where stable allocations always exist and can be computed efficiently. Finally, we study the notion of envy-freeness in this framework.
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Tripathi, Anurag, Siddharth Srivastava, Santanu Chaudhury, and Brejesh Lall. "Joint Image Classification and Annotation Prediction Using Iterative Learning on Local Neighbourhood." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2018.00359.

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Mueck, Markus, and Aawatif Hayar. "A Local Cognitive Pilot Channel (LCPC) for neighbourhood discovery, relaying and cluster based local cognitive information management." In 5th International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.crowncom2010.9245.

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Asma, Zitouni, and Nini Brahim. "Local edge detection of an image using weighted pixels based on their neighbourhood." In 2016 5th International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmcs.2016.7905620.

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Graaff, A. J., and A. P. Engelbrecht. "Towards a self regulating local network neighbourhood artificial immune system for data clustering." In 2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4630862.

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Звіти організацій з теми "LOCAL NEIGHBOURHOOD"

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Taylor, Madeline, and Paige Street. Asking and giving in your local neighbourhood: Recommendations to improve digital gift economies’ impact for environmental sustainability and community wellbeing. Queensland University of Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.239391.

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Hemmersam, Peter, Håvard Breivik-Khan, Morgan Ip, and Tone Selmer-Olsen. The Role of Urban Public Spaces in Managing Displacement in Norway. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.041.

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Refugees, temporarily displaced people, and migrants who arrive in Norwegian cities would benefit from equitable access to urban public spaces. Research suggests that the design and management of public urban spaces and local neighbourhood centres can improve migrants’ wellbeing and encourage local cross-cultural interactions. Permanent architectural and urban spaces planned and built for emergency purposes should benefit people who are displaced as well as host communities. To achieve this, urban planning, and migration and displacement management – two mostly separate fields of governance – should collaborate and learn from each other.
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Oliynyk, Kateryna, and Matteo Ciantia. Application of a finite deformation multiplicative plasticity model with non-local hardening to the simulation of CPTu tests in a structured soil. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001230.

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In this paper an isotropic hardening elastoplastic constitutive model for structured soils is applied to the simulation of a standard CPTu test in a saturated soft structured clay. To allow for the extreme deformations experienced by the soil during the penetration process, the model is formulated in a fully geometric non-linear setting, based on: i) the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a plastic part; and, ii) on the existence of a free energy function to define the elastic behaviour of the soil. The model is equipped with two bonding-related internal variables which provide a macroscopic description of the effects of clay structure. Suitable hardening laws are employed to describe the structure degradation associated to plastic deformations. The strain-softening associated to bond degradation usually leads to strain localization and consequent formation of shear bands, whose thickness is dependent on the characteristics of the microstructure (e.g, the average grain size). Standard local constitutive models are incapable of correctly capturing this phenomenon due to the lack of an internal length scale. To overcome this limitation, the model is framed using a non-local approach by adopting volume averaged values for the internal state variables. The size of the neighbourhood over which the averaging is performed (characteristic length) is a material constant related to the microstructure which controls the shear band thickness. This extension of the model has proven effective in regularizing the pathological mesh dependence of classical finite element solutions in the post-localization regime. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for different soil permeabilities and bond strengths, show that the model captures the development of plastic deformations induced by the advancement of the cone tip; the destructuration of the clay associated with such plastic deformations; the space and time evolution of pore water pressure as the cone tip advances. The possibility of modelling the CPTu tests in a rational and computationally efficient way opens a promising new perspective for their interpretation in geotechnical site investigations.
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Hobbs, T. E., J. M. Journeay, A. S. Rao, L. Martins, P. LeSueur, M. Kolaj, M. Simionato, et al. Scientific basis of Canada's first public national seismic risk model. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330927.

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Natural Resources Canada, in partnership with the Global Earthquake Model Foundation, has prepared a public Canadian Seismic Risk Model to support disaster risk reduction efforts across industry and all levels of government, and to aid in Canada's adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. Developing this model has involved the creation of a national exposure inventory, Canadian specific fragility and vulnerability curves, and adjustment of the Canadian Seismic Hazard Model which forms the basis for the seismic provisions of the National Building Code of Canada. Using the Global Earthquake Model Foundation's OpenQuake Engine (OQ), risk modelling is completed using both deterministic and probabilistic risk calculations, under baseline and simulated retrofit conditions. Output results are available in all settled regions of Canada, at the scale of a neighbourhood or smaller. We report on expected shaking damage to buildings, financial losses, fatalities, and other impacts such as housing disruption and the generation of debris. This paper documents the technical details of the modelling approach including a description of novel datasets in use, as well as preliminary results for a magnitude 9.0 earthquake on the Cascadia megathrust and nation-wide 500 year expected probabilistic losses. These kinds of results, such as earthquake scenario impacts, loss exceedance curves, and annual average losses, provide a quantitative base of evidence for decision making at local, regional, and national levels.
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Collyer, Michael, and Laura Hammond. Migrants on the margins final report. Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55203/jtld8758.

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Migrants on the margins was a five-year collaborative field research project that investigated the movement of migrants into and around four of the world’s most pressured cities: Colombo in Sri Lanka, Dhaka in Bangladesh, Harare in Zimbabwe and Hargeisa in Somaliland. Supported by the Society, the research team adopted a comparative approach to look at the opportunities available to migrants in order to better understand their experiences and vulnerabilities. Research in the four cities engaged with both newly arrived and well-established residents of 13 neighbourhoods, and involved focus groups, surveys, walk along interviews, oral histories, Q methodology, and GIS and participatory community mapping workshops. The key findings from the project have shed light on the incredible challenges of living in the neighbourhoods studied as well as the significant levels of population mobility, or churn, within these communities. The research also highlights the impact of clear gender differences in men’s and women’s roles in communities, as well as the effect of evictions and tenure security on residents, and how people can easily become ‘trapped’ within these neighbourhoods. Results from the research are continuing to influence policy within the four cities, and the research team have worked to support local policy makers and municipalities to improve the situations that migrants find themselves in.
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Ripoll, Santiago, Tabitha Hrynick, Ashley Ouvrier, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Federico Marco Federici, and Elizabeth Storer. 10 Ways Local Governments in Multicultural Urban Settings can Support Vaccine Equity in Pandemics. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.016.

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At national and aggregate levels, COVID-19 vaccination across G7 countries appears successful. To date, 79.4% of the total population of G7 countries have received a first dose, 72.9% a second, and 45.4% a booster shot (28th April 2022 data). In France, 80.6% of the total population has had a first dose, 78.2 % have had two doses, and 55.4% have had their booster jabs (28th of April 2022 data). In the UK, 79.3% of the total population has received one dose, 74.1% a second one, and 58.5% have received a booster. In Italy, 85.2% of the total population has had a first dose, 80.4% have had two doses, and 66.5% have had their booster jabs (28th of April 2022 data). These figures indicate enthusiasm across G7 countries for COVID-19 vaccines. Yet high overall vaccination rates at the national level, disguise significant in-country disparities. For example, by the end of 2021, less than 50% of residents of the Northern Districts of Marseille were vaccinated, compared with over 70% in wealthier neighbourhoods. In the Ealing borough of Northwest London, 70% of the eligible population has had a first dose – which is almost 10% percent below the national average (4th of April 2022 data). Disparities are also seen in other urban metropolises across the G7. This brief investigates these disparities through the lens of “vaccine (in)equity”, focusing on the role of local actors. It builds on ethnographic and qualitative research carried out in the Northern Districts of Marseille and ongoing research engagement around vaccine equity in Ealing (Northwest London), as well as qualitative research carried out in Italy among networks of healthcare providers, intercultural mediators, and civil society organizations that collaborated during the COVID-19 campaign in the Emilia Romagna region and in Rome. This brief is based on research conducted between October and December 2021 in Marseille and ongoing engagement in Ealing which started in May 2021. It identified how local governments, health actors, community groups and residents play key roles in shaping vaccine (in)equity. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Santiago Ripoll (IDS), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Ashley Ouvrier (LaSSA), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Federico Federici (UCL) and Elizabeth Storer (LSE). It was reviewed by Eloisa Franchi (Università degli Studi di Pavia) and Ellen Schwartz (Hackney Council Public Health). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210038). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Susssex, and the Laboratoire de Sciences Sociales Appliquées (LaSSA). The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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