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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Lland surface - atmosphere interactions"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Lland surface - atmosphere interactions"

Lellouch, Emmanuel. "Io’s Atmosphere and Surface-Atmosphere Interactions." Space Science Reviews 116, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-005-1957-z.

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Wood, Eric F. "Land surface-atmosphere interactions for climate modeling." Surveys in Geophysics 12, no. 1-3 (March 1991): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01903423.

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Leslie, Lance M., Milton S. Speer, and Lixin Qi. "Editorial: Special issue on atmosphere-surface interactions." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 80, no. 1-4 (June 1, 2002): V. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007030200010.

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Drewry, D. J., V. M. Kotlyakov, A. Ushakov, and A. Glazovsky. "Glaciers-Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions." Geographical Journal 159, no. 3 (November 1993): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3451295.

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Liu, Shaofeng, Yaping Shao, Angela Kunoth, and Clemens Simmer. "Impact of surface-heterogeneity on atmosphere and land-surface interactions." Environmental Modelling & Software 88 (February 2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.11.006.

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Johnson, N. M., and B. Fegley. "Experimental studies of atmosphere-surface interactions on Venus." Advances in Space Research 29, no. 2 (January 2002): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00573-7.

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Santanello, Joseph A., Paul A. Dirmeyer, Craig R. Ferguson, Kirsten L. Findell, Ahmed B. Tawfik, Alexis Berg, Michael Ek, et al. "Land–Atmosphere Interactions: The LoCo Perspective." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 6 (June 2018): 1253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0001.1.

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AbstractLand–atmosphere (L-A) interactions are a main driver of Earth’s surface water and energy budgets; as such, they modulate near-surface climate, including clouds and precipitation, and can influence the persistence of extremes such as drought. Despite their importance, the representation of L-A interactions in weather and climate models remains poorly constrained, as they involve a complex set of processes that are difficult to observe in nature. In addition, a complete understanding of L-A processes requires interdisciplinary expertise and approaches that transcend traditional research paradigms and communities. To address these issues, the international Global Energy and Water Exchanges project (GEWEX) Global Land–Atmosphere System Study (GLASS) panel has supported “L-A coupling” as one of its core themes for well over a decade. Under this initiative, several successful land surface and global climate modeling projects have identified hot spots of L-A coupling and helped quantify the role of land surface states in weather and climate predictability. GLASS formed the Local Land–Atmosphere Coupling (LoCo) project and working group to examine L-A interactions at the process level, focusing on understanding and quantifying these processes in nature and evaluating them in models. LoCo has produced an array of L-A coupling metrics for different applications and scales and has motivated a growing number of young scientists from around the world. This article provides an overview of the LoCo effort, including metric and model applications, along with scientific and programmatic developments and challenges.

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Liang, Xu, and Zhenghui Xie. "Important factors in land–atmosphere interactions: surface runoff generations and interactions between surface and groundwater." Global and Planetary Change 38, no. 1-2 (July 2003): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8181(03)00012-2.

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Gentine, Pierre, Adam Massmann, Benjamin R. Lintner, Sayed Hamed Alemohammad, Rong Fu, Julia K. Green, Daniel Kennedy, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano. "Land–atmosphere interactions in the tropics – a review." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 4171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4171-2019.

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Abstract. The continental tropics play a leading role in the terrestrial energy, water, and carbon cycles. Land–atmosphere interactions are integral in the regulation of these fluxes across multiple spatial and temporal scales over tropical continents. We review here some of the important characteristics of tropical continental climates and how land–atmosphere interactions regulate them. Along with a wide range of climates, the tropics manifest a diverse array of land–atmosphere interactions. Broadly speaking, in tropical rainforest climates, light and energy are typically more limiting than precipitation and water supply for photosynthesis and evapotranspiration (ET), whereas in savanna and semi-arid climates, water is the critical regulator of surface fluxes and land–atmosphere interactions. We discuss the impact of the land surface, how it affects shallow and deep clouds, and how these clouds in turn can feed back to the surface by modulating surface radiation and precipitation. Some results from recent research suggest that shallow clouds may be especially critical to land–atmosphere interactions. On the other hand, the impact of land-surface conditions on deep convection appears to occur over larger, nonlocal scales and may be a more relevant land–atmosphere feedback mechanism in transitional dry-to-wet regions and climate regimes.

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Lellouch, E., C. de Bergh, B. Sicardy, S. Ferron, and H. U. Käufl. "Detection of CO in Triton's atmosphere and the nature of surface-atmosphere interactions." Astronomy and Astrophysics 512 (March 2010): L8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014339.

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Дисертації з теми "Lland surface - atmosphere interactions"

White, Cary Blake, and Cary Blake White. "Soil Moisture Variability in Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626791.

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Meteorological measurements in the Walnut Gulch catchment in Arizona were used to synthesize a distributed, hourly-average time series of data across a 26.9 by 12.5 km area with a grid resolution of 480 m for a continuous 18-month period which included two seasons of monsoonal rainfall. Coupled surface-atmosphere model runs established the acceptability (for modeling purposes) of assuming uniformity in all meteorological variables other than rainfall. Rainfall was interpolated onto the grid from an array of 82 recording rain gauges. These meteorological data were used as forcing variables for an equivalent array of stand-alone Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) models to describe the evolution of soil moisture and surface energy fluxes in response to the prevalent, heterogeneous pattern of convective precipitation. The calculated area-average behavior was compared with that given by a single aggregate BATS simulation forced with area-average meteorological data. Heterogeneous rainfall gives rise to significant but partly compensating differences in the transpiration and the intercepted rainfall components of total evaporation during rain storms. However, the calculated area-average surface energy fluxes given by the two simulations in rain-free conditions with strong heterogeneity in soil moisture were always close to identical, a result which is independent of whether default or site-specific vegetation and soil parameters are used. Because the spatial variability in soil moisture throughout the catchment has the same order of magnitude as the amount of rain falling in a typical convective storm (commonly 10% of the vegetation's root zone saturation), in a semi-arid environment, any non-linearity in the relationship between transpiration and the soil moisture available to the vegetation has limited influence on area-average surface fluxes.

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McAtee, Brendon Kynnie. "Surface-atmosphere interactions in the thermal infrared (8 - 14um)." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/408.

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Remote sensing of land surface temperature (LST) is a complex task. From a satellite-based perspective the radiative properties of the land surface and the atmosphere are inextricably linked. Knowledge of both is required if one is to accurately measure the temperature of the land surface from a space-borne platform. In practice, most satellite-based sensors designed to measure LST over the surface of the Earth are polar orbiting. They scan swaths of the order of 2000 km, utilizing zenith angles of observation of up to 60°. As such, satellite viewing geometry is important when comparing estimates of LST between different overpasses of the same point on the Earth's surface. In the case of the atmosphere, the optical path length through which the surfaceleaving radiance propagates increases with increasing zenith angle of observation. A longer optical path may in turn alter the relative contributions which molecular absorption and emission processes make to the radiance measured at the satellite sensor. A means of estimating the magnitudes of these radiative components in relation to the viewing geometry of the satellite needs to be developed if their impacts on the at-sensor radiance are to be accurately accounted for. The problem of accurately describing radiative transfer between the surface and the satellite sensor is further complicated by the fact that the surface-leaving radiance itself may also vary with sensor viewing geometry. Physical properties of the surface such as emissivity are known to vary as the zenith angle of observation changes. The proportions of sunlit and shaded areas with the field-of-view of the sensor may also change with viewing geometry depending on the type of cover (eg vegetation), further impacting the surface emissivity.Investigation of the change in surface-leaving radiance as the zenith angle of observation varies is then also important in developing a better understanding of the radiative interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere. The work in this study investigates the atmospheric impacts using surface brightness temperature measurements from the ATSR-2 satellite sensor in combination with atmospheric profile data from radiosondes and estimates of the downwelling sky radiance made by a ground-based radiometer. A line-by-line radiative transfer model is used to model the angular impacts of the atmosphere upon the surfaceleaving radiance. Results from the modelling work show that if the magnitude of the upwelling and downwelling sky radiance and atmospheric transmittance are accurately known then the surface-emitted radiance and hence the LST may be retrieved with negligible error. Guided by the outcomes of the modelling work an atmospheric correction term is derived which accounts for absorption and emission by the atmosphere, and is based on the viewing geometry of the satellite sensor and atmospheric properties characteristic of a semi-arid field site near Alice Springs in the Northern Territory (Central Australia). Ground-based angular measurements of surface brightness temperature made by a scanning, self calibrating radiometer situated at this field site are then used to investigate how the surface-leaving radiance varies over a range of zenith angles comparable to that of the ATSR-2 satellite sensor.Well defined cycles in the angular dependence of surface brightness temperature were observed on both diumal and seasonal timescales in these data. The observed cycles in surface brightness temperature are explained in terms of the interaction between the downwelling sky radiance and the angular dependence of the surface emissivity. The angular surface brightness temperature and surface emissivity information is then applied to derive an LST estimate of high accuracy (approx. 1 K at night and 1-2 K during the day), suitable for the validation of satellite-derived LST measurements. Finally, the atmospheric and land surface components of this work are combined to describe surface-atmosphere interaction at the field site. Algorithms are derived for the satellite retrieval of LST for the nadir and forward viewing geometries of the ATSR-2 sensor, based upon the cycles in the angular dependence of surface brightness temperature observed in situ and the atmospheric correction term developed from the modelling of radiative transfer in the atmosphere. A qualitative assessment of the performance of these algorithms indicates they may obtain comparable accuracy to existing dual angle algorithms (approx. 1.5 K) in the ideal case and an accuracy of 3-4 K in practice, which is limited by knowledge of atmospheric properties (eg downwelling sky radiance and atmospheric transmittance), and the surface emissivity. There are, however, strong prospects of enhanced performance given better estimates of these physical quantities, and if coefficients within the retrieval algorithms are determined over a wider range of observation zenith angles in the future.

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McAtee, Brendon Kynnie. "Surface-atmosphere interactions in the thermal infrared (8 - 14um)." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14481.

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Remote sensing of land surface temperature (LST) is a complex task. From a satellite-based perspective the radiative properties of the land surface and the atmosphere are inextricably linked. Knowledge of both is required if one is to accurately measure the temperature of the land surface from a space-borne platform. In practice, most satellite-based sensors designed to measure LST over the surface of the Earth are polar orbiting. They scan swaths of the order of 2000 km, utilizing zenith angles of observation of up to 60°. As such, satellite viewing geometry is important when comparing estimates of LST between different overpasses of the same point on the Earth's surface. In the case of the atmosphere, the optical path length through which the surfaceleaving radiance propagates increases with increasing zenith angle of observation. A longer optical path may in turn alter the relative contributions which molecular absorption and emission processes make to the radiance measured at the satellite sensor. A means of estimating the magnitudes of these radiative components in relation to the viewing geometry of the satellite needs to be developed if their impacts on the at-sensor radiance are to be accurately accounted for. The problem of accurately describing radiative transfer between the surface and the satellite sensor is further complicated by the fact that the surface-leaving radiance itself may also vary with sensor viewing geometry. Physical properties of the surface such as emissivity are known to vary as the zenith angle of observation changes. The proportions of sunlit and shaded areas with the field-of-view of the sensor may also change with viewing geometry depending on the type of cover (eg vegetation), further impacting the surface emissivity.
Investigation of the change in surface-leaving radiance as the zenith angle of observation varies is then also important in developing a better understanding of the radiative interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere. The work in this study investigates the atmospheric impacts using surface brightness temperature measurements from the ATSR-2 satellite sensor in combination with atmospheric profile data from radiosondes and estimates of the downwelling sky radiance made by a ground-based radiometer. A line-by-line radiative transfer model is used to model the angular impacts of the atmosphere upon the surfaceleaving radiance. Results from the modelling work show that if the magnitude of the upwelling and downwelling sky radiance and atmospheric transmittance are accurately known then the surface-emitted radiance and hence the LST may be retrieved with negligible error. Guided by the outcomes of the modelling work an atmospheric correction term is derived which accounts for absorption and emission by the atmosphere, and is based on the viewing geometry of the satellite sensor and atmospheric properties characteristic of a semi-arid field site near Alice Springs in the Northern Territory (Central Australia). Ground-based angular measurements of surface brightness temperature made by a scanning, self calibrating radiometer situated at this field site are then used to investigate how the surface-leaving radiance varies over a range of zenith angles comparable to that of the ATSR-2 satellite sensor.
Well defined cycles in the angular dependence of surface brightness temperature were observed on both diumal and seasonal timescales in these data. The observed cycles in surface brightness temperature are explained in terms of the interaction between the downwelling sky radiance and the angular dependence of the surface emissivity. The angular surface brightness temperature and surface emissivity information is then applied to derive an LST estimate of high accuracy (approx. 1 K at night and 1-2 K during the day), suitable for the validation of satellite-derived LST measurements. Finally, the atmospheric and land surface components of this work are combined to describe surface-atmosphere interaction at the field site. Algorithms are derived for the satellite retrieval of LST for the nadir and forward viewing geometries of the ATSR-2 sensor, based upon the cycles in the angular dependence of surface brightness temperature observed in situ and the atmospheric correction term developed from the modelling of radiative transfer in the atmosphere. A qualitative assessment of the performance of these algorithms indicates they may obtain comparable accuracy to existing dual angle algorithms (approx. 1.5 K) in the ideal case and an accuracy of 3-4 K in practice, which is limited by knowledge of atmospheric properties (eg downwelling sky radiance and atmospheric transmittance), and the surface emissivity. There are, however, strong prospects of enhanced performance given better estimates of these physical quantities, and if coefficients within the retrieval algorithms are determined over a wider range of observation zenith angles in the future.

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McAtee, Brendon Kynnie. "Surface-atmosphere interactions in the thermal infrared (8 - 14℗æm) /." Full text available, 2003. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt-WCU20040324.085644.

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Goncalves, de Goncalves Luis Gustavo. "LAND SURFACE-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS IN REGIONAL MODELING OVER SOUTH AMERICA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195893.

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Land surface processes play an important role when modeling weather and climate, and understanding and representing such processes in South America is a particular challenge because of the large variations in regional climate and surface features such as vegetation and soil. Numerical models have been used to explore the climate and weather of continental South America, but without appropriate initiation of land surface conditions model simulations can rapidly diverge from reality. This initiation problem is exacerbated by the fact that conventional surface observations over South America are scarce and biased towards the urban centers and coastal areas. This dissertation explores issues related to the apt representation of land surface processes and their impacts in numerical simulations with a regional atmospheric model (specifically the Eta model) over South America. The impacts of vegetation heterogeneity in regional weather forecast were first investigated. A South American Land Data Assimilation System (SALDAS) was then created analogous to that currently used in North America to estimate soil moisture fields for initializing regional atmospheric models. The land surface model (LSM) used in this SALDAS is the Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB). Precipitation fields are critical when calculating soil moisture and, because conventional surface observations are scarce in South America, some of the most important remote sensed precipitation products were evaluated as potential precipitation forcing for the SALDAS. Spin up states for SSiB where then compared with climatological estimates of land surface fields and significant differences found. Finally, an assessment was made of the value of SALDAS-derived soil moisture fields on Eta model forecasts. The primary result was that model performance is enhanced over the entire continent in up to 72h forecasts using SALDAS surface fields

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Bain, Caroline Louise. "Interactions between the Land Surface and the Atmosphere over West Africa." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491661.

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The north-south gradient in surface temperature and rainfall in West Africa leads to the summertime monsoon circulation. Here, the full extent of the relationship between the land surface and the atmosphere is discussed with particular reference to the impact that soil moisture has on the atmosphere at different spatial scales. Observations from the AMMA field campaign in 2005 and 2006 are combined with satellite analysis and model simulations to discuss various interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere. Tethered balloon observations from Mali in August 2005 are used to assess the characteristics of the nocturnal boundary layer. It is observed that a stronger surface temperature inversion after sunset leads to a faster nocturnal jet, and these findings are further investigated using surface station data. Case studies of two nights of observations are used to discuss the variation of observed boundary layer structures. It is found that on nights where the nocturnal jet is weaker, the winds align with African Easterly Wave (AEW) circulations on the larger scale. . Following this, the impact that AEWs had on sl1rface properties is examined. Flux data from Niamey showed little statistical correlation with wave passage. It is suggested this could be partly due to the study year having more westerly initiating waves than climatology. The inducement of circulations by soil moisture inhomogeneities are discussed in regard to previous literature, where a moist cool surface leads to high pressure and anticyclonic circulation. The relation of this theory to the synoptic scale is investigated using a case study from 25-29 July 2006. During this time, an unusually-structured AEW left a distinct synoptic 'wave' pattern of soil moisture in the Sahel region due to its modulation of convection. The structure of this wave and the initial conditions which lead to the soil moisture pattern are discussed. The atmospheric impact of the soil moisture wave is investigated using the Met Office Unified Model. It is found that th~ enhanced soil moisture leads to a cooler, moister, . thinner boundary layer. This leads to divergent winds at low levels and a reduction in the monsoon flow due to the reduction in the north-south pressure gradient. There is indication that low-level anticyclonic circulations are enhanced. The enhanced soil moisture wave also leads to an increase in easterly winds at the African Easterly Jet level: it is shown that this is due to a decrease in boundary layer height and a reduction in turbulence. Inspection of wave energetics shows the case study wave appears to be in a decaying phase. There is evidence that the soil moisture wave increases the thermal decay by decreasing the temperature behind the trough in the warm region, reducing the temperature eddies and re-establishing the zonal temperature gradient. This study has implications for weather forecasting as the results suggest that patterns in soil moisture on the large scale are able to alter atmospheric dynamics at the synoptic scale within the time frame of a few days. This leads to further questions as to whether a realistic representation of soil moisture in mo.dels would lead to an improvement in the simulation 'of tropical synoptic dynamics.

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Zhuang, Haixiong School of Mathematics UNSW. "Parameterisation of atmosphere-ocean surface interactions, with applications to the Australian monsoon." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mathematics, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26170.

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Atmosphere-ocean and atmosphere-land interactions are important processes which determine the development of monsoon systems. In this study, a new atmosphere-ocean surface interaction scheme, referred to as AOSIS, is developed and verified with observed data. AOSIS, together with ALSIS (Atmosphere-Land Surface Interaction Scheme), is then coupled into CEMSYS4 (Computational Environmental Modelling System) to investigate the influences of atmosphere-ocean and atmosphere-land surface interactions on the Australian Monsoon, especially the monsoon onset, break and withdrawal. Numerical experiments are carried out and the simulations are compared with the NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction, America) data. AOSIS is constructed with three basic components, i.e., a two-layer ocean temperature model, a wind-wave model and a surface flux model. We divide the ocean into a mixed layer and a deep layer. However, the depth of the mixed layer is not constant but varies with time, depending on surface wind shear and buoyancy flux. In AOSIS, we adapted the approach of relating the stages of wave development by wave age and proposed a new expression for calculating the ocean surface roughness length, $z_{0m}$, with consideration of waves. We test AOSIS in a stand along mode against the Moana data and the NCEP data. The comparison with the Moana data shows that AOSIS has considerable skill in simulating SST (sea surface temperature) and energy fluxes, with the simulated values in good agreement with observed data. AOSIS is also successful in simulating the warm and cool effects considered in the COARE (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment) scheme. Comparison with the NCEP data also confirms that AOSIS simulates SST well. AOSIS and ALSIS are then coupled into CEMSYS4. We apply the system to the simulation of SST and surface energy fluxes over the Australian region and compared the results with the NCEP data. It is found that the simulated SST and energy fluxes are in good agreement with the NCEP data. Further, we study the synoptic events of the Australian Monsoon onset, break and withdrawal and examine the impacts of atmosphere-ocean and atmosphere-land surface interactions on such synoptic events.

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Virmani, Jyotika I. "Ocean-atmosphere interactions on the West Florida shelf." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001141.

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Wu, Zhaohua. "Thermally driven surface winds in the tropics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10075.

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Ghent, Darren John. "Land surface modelling and Earth observation of land/atmosphere interactions in African savannahs." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10274.

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Land/atmosphere feedback processes play a significant role in determining climate forcing on monthly to decadal timescales. Considerable uncertainty however exists in land surface model representation of these processes. This investigation represents an innovative approach to understanding key land surface processes in African savannahs in the framework of the UK‘s most important land surface model – the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). Findings from an investigation into the carbon balance of Africa for a 25-year period from 1982 to 2006 inclusive show that JULES estimated Africa to behave as a carbon sink for most of the 1980‘s and 1990‘s punctuated by three periods as a carbon source, which coincided with the three strongest El Niño events of the period. From 2002 until 2006 the continent was also estimated to be a source of carbon. Overall, the JULES simulation suggests a weakening of the African terrestrial carbon sink during this period primarily caused by hot and dry conditions in savannahs. Applying the model further, land surface temperature (LST) displayed large uncertainty with respect to savannah field measurements from Kruger National Park, South Africa, and JULES systematically underestimated LST with respect to Earth Observation data continent-wide. The postulation was that a reduction in the uncertainty of surface-to-atmosphere heat and water fluxes could be achieved by constraining JULES simulations with satellite-derived LST using an Ensemble Kalman Filter. Findings show statistically significant reductions in root mean square errors with data assimilation than without; for heat flux simulations when compared with Eddy Covariance measurements, and surface soil moisture when compared with derivations from microwave scatterometers. The improved representation of LST was applied to map daily fuel moisture content – one of the most important wildfire determinants - over the mixed tree/grass landscapes of Africa, whereby values were strongly correlated with field measurements acquired from three savannah locations.

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Книги з теми "Lland surface - atmosphere interactions"

Wood, Eric F., ed. Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9.

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Garstang, Michael. Observations of surface to atmosphere interactions in the tropics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Workshop, on Innovative Instrumentation for the In Situ Study of Atmosphere-Surface Interactions on Mars (1992 Mainz Rhineland-Palatinate Germany). Workshop on Innovative Instrumentation for the In Situ Study of Atmosphere-Surface Interactions on Mars: Held at Mainz, Germany, October 8-9, 1992. Houston, TX: The Institute, 1992.

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Labgaa, Rachid R. A model of the CO2 exchanges between biosphere and atmosphere in the tundra. Santa Barbara, CA: Earth-Space Research Group, CRSEO -- Ellison Hall, University of California Santa Barbara, 1994.

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Wood, E. F. Land Surface -- Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling: Observations, Models and Analysis. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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F, Wood Eric, ed. Land surface, atmosphere interactions for climate modeling: Observations, models, and analysis. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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Wood, E. F. Land Surface -- Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling: Observations, Models and Analysis. Springer, 2011.

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Marine Surface Films: Chemical Characteristics, Influence on Air-Sea Interactions and Remote Sensing. Springer, 2006.

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(Editor), Martin Gade, Heinrich Hühnerfuss (Editor), and Gerald M. Korenowski (Editor), eds. Marine Surface Films: Chemical Characteristics, Influence on Air-Sea Interactions and Remote Sensing. Springer, 2006.

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Korenowski, Gerald M., Martin Gade, and Heinrich Hühnerfuss. Marine Surface Films: Chemical Characteristics, Influence on Air-Sea Interactions and Remote Sensing. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Lland surface - atmosphere interactions"

Lunine, Jonathan I. "Surface-Atmosphere Interactions on Titan." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 639–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5252-5_26.

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Cole, I. S. "The Atmosphere Conditions and Surface Interactions." In Active Protective Coatings, 33–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7540-3_3.

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Ocampo-Torres, Francisco J., Pedro Osuna, Héctor García-Nava, and Nicolas G. Rascle. "Ocean Surface Waves and Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions." In Mathematical and Computational Models of Flows and Waves in Geophysics, 35–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12007-7_2.

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Shuttleworth, W. James. "Insight from Large-Scale Observational Studies of Land/Atmosphere Interactions." In Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling, 3–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9_1.

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Entekhabi, Dara, and Peter S. Eagleson. "Climate and the Equilibrium State of Land Surface Hydrology Parameterizations." In Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling, 205–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9_10.

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Kuhnel, V., J. C. I. Dooge, J. P. J. O’Kane, and R. J. Romanowicz. "Partial Analysis Applied to Scale Problems in Surface Moisture Fluxes." In Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling, 221–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9_11.

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Band, Lawrence E. "Distributed Parameterization of Complex Terrain." In Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling, 249–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9_12.

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Vörösmarty, Charles J., and Berrien Moore. "Modeling Basin-Scale Hydrology in Support of Physical Climate and Global Biogeochemical Studies: An Example Using the Zambezi River." In Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling, 271–311. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9_13.

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Noilhan, J., J. C. André, P. Bougeault, J. P. Goutorbe, and P. Lacarrere. "Some Aspects of the HAPEX-MOBILHY Programme: The Data Base and the Modelling Strategy." In Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling, 31–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9_2.

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Choudhury, Bhaskar J. "Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Contribution to Hydrological Variables." In Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling, 63–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Lland surface - atmosphere interactions"

MacKenzie, Shannon, and Jason W. Barnes. "TITAN'S EVAPORITES: INVESTIGATING SURFACE-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS IN TIME." In 68th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016rm-276171.

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Diniega, Serina, Nathan Barba, Louis Giersch, Brian Jackson, Alejandro Soto, Don Banfield, Mackenzie Day, et al. "It's Time for Focused In Situ Studies of Planetary Surface-Atmosphere Interactions." In 2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero53065.2022.9843357.

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Solomonidou, Anezina, Rosaly Lopes, A. Coustenis, Jani Radebaugh, Sebastien Rodriguez, Emmanuel Bratsolis, Michael J. Malaska, et al. "THE SURFACE OF TITAN AND THE INTERACTIONS WITH THE INTERIOR AND THE ATMOSPHERE: INDICATIONS OF CRYOVOLCANISM." In 113th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017cd-292943.

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Avissar, Roni. "Bridging the gap between microscale land-surface processes and land-atmosphere interactions at the scale of GCM’s." In The world at risk: Natural hazards and climate change. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43902.

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Roux, Vincent, and Shawn Duan. "Characterizing Potential Damage to Landers and Their Payloads Caused by Regolith Ejecta During Operations on or Near the Surface of the Moon, Mars, and Other Worlds." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70923.

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Abstract This research established methods of physical testing and analysis to characterize damage to a lander caused by rocket-propelled regolith during powered operations on or near the surface of the Moon, Mars, and other worlds. An emphasis was placed on using commonly available test materials to help lower cost. Lift-off using different thrusts were conducted in atmosphere from simulated planetary regolith. Testing was conducted with a scale model of a recent commercial lander with functioning scale rocket analogues using compressed gas as a propellant. This enabled testing to be safer and more cost-effective compared to operating rockets that burned fuel. Methods of quantifying and interpreting potential impact and abrasion damage and dust covering were established using crushable foam plates, adhesive coverings, and selective color processing of test result images. This testing can be an important and valuable step in a wider testing program to identify key design revisions before incurring the expense and risk to equipment from testing rocket and regolith interactions in a vacuum facility. This testing requires an awareness of the effects of scale and the limits of testing in atmosphere compared to the lower pressure or vacuum at the intended landing site.

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Pillers, Roy A., and Theodore J. Heindel. "Backlit Imaging of a Circular Plunging Jet With Floor Interactions." In ASME 2020 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2020 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2020 18th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20040.

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Abstract Plunging jets occur when a liquid stream enters a slower moving or stationary liquid body after first passing through a gaseous region. The most commonly studied plunging jet structure is that of water entering water. Plunging jets have been studied in order to understand and model mixing and transport from the atmosphere into the liquid. Shear forces at the edge of the jet cause air entrainment both in the free jet and at the impact point on the pool surface. Plunging jet applications range from large scale environments, such as ocean waves, waterfalls, wastewater treatment, and dams, to small scale environments, such as liquid-gas fuel mixing, mineral separation, and molten metal pouring. The majority of the literature today involve facilities designed to approximate an infinite liquid pool; few of these studies take into account the compression effects prevalent in several of the real systems. Therefore, a tank has been developed for the visualization of plunging jet flows with varying pool depth. This study involved the creation of a 32 cm by 32 cm, 91.4 cm deep rectangular acrylic tank with an interior adjustable acrylic bottom for the visualization of plunging jet flows with bottom compression effects. The pool height was held constant using a secondary tank with an overflow weir. In this study high-speed backlit images were taken of the plunging jet region. Preliminary results indicate that there is a significant change in both the shape and estimated entrained air volume when the plunging jet is subjected to compression effects. This is attributed to the plate spreading the bubble plume and allowing for easier bubble rise.

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Yilmaz, Levent. "Comparison of the Californian Desert Dunes With the Mediterranean Coastal Dunes at the Sea Shores." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3138.

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The development of the dunes is governed by the effects of turbulence. Turbulence is a type of fluid flow that is strongly rotational and apparently chaotic. Turbulence separates nearby parcels of air and thus mixed fluid properties. The evolution of sand dunes is determined by the interactions between the atmosphere, the surface and the transport and deposition of sand. We are concerned with this physical process and its computational simulation from three perspectives; namely, (1) flow structure; (2) sand transport and deposition and (3) interactions between flow structure and sand transport-deposition, which determine the dune morphology.

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Dean, Anthony J., Jean E. Bradt, and John F. Ackerman. "Deposit Formation From No. 2 Distillate at Gas Turbine Conditions." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-046.

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Carbon deposit tests using No. 2 distillate fuel were performed in a flowing fuel/flowing atmosphere chamber utilizing a heated vertical test plate which simulates the interactions of fuel spray with combustor surfaces in a gas turbine downstream of the fuel nozzle. This type of interaction can occur in the premixing region of a low-NOx combustor operating on No. 2 fuel and can impact performance and reliability. Deposit formation was studied as a function of surface temperature, surface composition, duration of exposure, atmospheric composition, and fuel type. Surface temperature and oxygen content in the atmosphere appear to have the greatest effect upon deposition: whereas the surface composition and exposure duration have a negligible effect. Conversion of fuel to deposits decreases somewhat as fuel flaw rate increases. A peak conversion to deposits of 0.1 grams per kg of fuel (0.01% conversion) occurred at a surface temperature of 345 C (653 F). The conversion fraction dropped to less than 1% of [he peak conversion below 225 C (437 F) and above 410 C (777 F). A comparison with published data from horizontal plate tests show different rates at specific temperatures which can be attributed to the test geometry, flow rate and residence time.

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Hamashima, K., and Y. Ishikawa. "Effects of SO2 on Decay Durability of the 8YZ Coating Having Cermet Under Coat." In ITSC2008, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2008p0492.

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Abstract In the production line of glass sheets, the 8%Y2O3-ZrO2 thermal spray coatings have put into practical uses. These coatings have under layers of metal Cr3C2-Ni/Cr cermets, to improve their bonding strength. In forming process of glass, non-oxygenated atmosphere containing sulfur dioxide is selected continually to improve the surface condition of glass sheets. Degradation and pealing of these coating have been observed frequently due to increasing of SO2 concentration. In this study, effects of SO2 on decay durability of the 8YZ coating having meta cermet under coat are examined. Interactions between the atmosphere and the top-layer or the under layer are clarified individually by some basic examinations and analysis. It is clarified that peeling of the bi-layer coating was occurred at the boundary region between top coat and under coat. By exposure test of the coated sample and some powders for N2-SO2 at 113K, following results obtained, 1) Some cracks and fine streaks are observed also, in the bottom region of the ZrO2 top layer after the exposure test of coated sample.. 2) Main components of these streaks are Cr and S. 3) Sulfur contents of Cr3C2 cermet and Cr3C2 are increased remarkably by the exposure test. 4) By the exposure, Cr3C2 can be converted into a Cr2O3 or a CrSx. due to reaction with SO2. As peeling of the coating on carrying roll is induced by oxidation and sulfurization of Cr3C2, the under layer of Cr3C2 cermet is not suitable especially as its under coat.

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Tsai, Ming Hsiu, Weng-Sing Hwang, and Hao-Long Chen. "Variation of Macroscopic Shape and Microstructure of Silver Nanoparticle Suspension Droplets Using Ink-Jet Printing." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21441.

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Micro-interconnects of integrated circuit (IC) devices were produced using ink-jet printing of Ag nanoparticle suspensions. The macroscopic shape and microstructure of the Ag micro-dot deposits using ink-jet printing were observed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDS (Energy-Disperse Spectrometers). The well-dispersed suspension of nanoparticle Ag colloids, which was made up of 5–10 nm silver particulates, allows low-temperature sintering of Ag. The 50 wt% Ag suspension had a viscosity of about 7.95 cP at 25°C, which is appropriate for printing jobs. A bipolar voltage signal was used to drive a piezo-electric droplet generator and then 50–70 μm diameter droplets was dispensed on the substrate. Using SEM, a smooth deposition of drying silver dot morphology was observed. Drying the silver dots was improved by using hydrophobic substrates and a slow evaporation rate of suspensions was used to resolve an unexpected ring-shape, because both are able to control the interactions among the self-assembled Ag particles, surface tension, and the evaporation rate of droplets. Finally, the deposit/substrate composite was processed at 300°C for 60 min under a pure oxygen atmosphere to allow for the complete evaporation of the carrier and for sintering of the nano-particles, thereby yielding a finished circuit interconnect.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Lland surface - atmosphere interactions"

Jakubiak, Bogumil, Teddy Holt, Richard Hodur, Maciej Szpindler, and Leszek Herman-Izycki. Implementation of Modeling the Land-Surface/Atmosphere Interactions to Mesoscale Model COAMPS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541836.

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Jakubiak, Bogumil, Richard Hodur, and Leszek Herman-Izycki. Implementation of Modeling the Land-Surface/Atmosphere Interactions to Mesoscale Model COAMPS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574482.

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Trishchenko, Alexander P., Yi Luo, Konstantin V. Khlopenkov, William M. Park, Zhanqing Li, and Maureen Cribb. Final report for the project "Improving the understanding of surface-atmosphere radiative interactions by mapping surface reflectance over the ARM CART site" (award DE-FG02-02ER63351). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/942122.

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Stanley, Rachel H. R., Thomas Thomas, Yuan Gao, Cassandra Gaston, David Ho, David Kieber, Kate Mackey, et al. US SOLAS Science Report. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27821.

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The Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) (http://www.solas-int.org/) is an international research initiative focused on understanding the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere that are critical elements of climate and global biogeochemical cycles. Following the release of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016), the Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Committee (OAIC) was formed as a subcommittee of the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) Scientific Steering Committee to coordinate US SOLAS efforts and activities, facilitate interactions among atmospheric and ocean scientists, and strengthen US contributions to international SOLAS. In October 2019, with support from OCB, the OAIC convened an open community workshop, Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions: Scoping directions for new research with the goal of fostering new collaborations and identifying knowledge gaps and high-priority science questions to formulate a US SOLAS Science Plan. Based on presentations and discussions at the workshop, the OAIC and workshop participants have developed this US SOLAS Science Plan. The first part of the workshop and this Science Plan were purposefully designed around the five themes of the SOLAS Decadal Science Plan (2015-2025) (Brévière et al., 2016) to provide a common set of research priorities and ensure a more cohesive US contribution to international SOLAS.

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Wilson, D., Michael Shaw, Vladimir Ostashev, Michael Muhlestein, Ross Alter, Michelle Swearingen, and Sarah McComas. Numerical modeling of mesoscale infrasound propagation in the Arctic. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45788.

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The impacts of characteristic weather events and seasonal patterns on infrasound propagation in the Arctic region are simulated numerically. The methodology utilizes wide-angle parabolic equation methods for a windy atmosphere with inputs provided by radiosonde observations and a high-resolution reanalysis of Arctic weather. The calculations involve horizontal distances up to 200 km for which interactions with the troposphere and lower stratosphere dominate. Among the events examined are two sudden stratospheric warmings, which are found to weaken upward refraction by temperature gradients while creating strongly asymmetric refraction from disturbances to the circumpolar winds. Also examined are polar low events, which are found to enhance negative temperature gradients in the troposphere and thus lead to strong upward refraction. Smaller-scale and topographically driven phenomena, such as low-level jets, katabatic winds, and surface-based temperature inversions, are found to create frequent surface-based ducting out to 100 km. The simulations suggest that horizontal variations in the atmospheric profiles, in response to changing topography and surface property transitions, such as ice boundaries, play an important role in the propagation.

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Wilson, D., Vladimir Ostashev, Michael Shaw, Michael Muhlestein, John Weatherly, Michelle Swearingen, and Sarah McComas. Infrasound propagation in the Arctic. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42683.

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This report summarizes results of the basic research project “Infrasound Propagation in the Arctic.” The scientific objective of this project was to provide a baseline understanding of the characteristic horizontal propagation distances, frequency dependencies, and conditions leading to enhanced propagation of infrasound in the Arctic region. The approach emphasized theory and numerical modeling as an initial step toward improving understanding of the basic phenomenology, and thus lay the foundation for productive experiments in the future. The modeling approach combined mesoscale numerical weather forecasts from the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model with advanced acoustic propagation calculations. The project produced significant advances with regard to parabolic equation modeling of sound propagation in a windy atmosphere. For the polar low, interesting interactions with the stratosphere were found, which could possibly be used to provide early warning of strong stratospheric warming events (i.e., the polar vortex). The katabatic wind resulted in a very strong low-level duct, which, when combined with a highly reflective icy ground surface, leads to efficient long-distance propagation. This information is useful in devising strategies for positioning sensors to monitor environmental phenomena and human activities.

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