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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Limitation du processeur"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 лютого 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Limitation du processeur"

Sundareshwar, P. V. "Phosphorus Limitation of Coastal Ecosystem Processes." Science 299, no. 5606 (January 24, 2003): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1079100.

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Moore, C. M., M. M. Mills, K. R. Arrigo, I. Berman-Frank, L. Bopp, P. W. Boyd, E. D. Galbraith, et al. "Processes and patterns of oceanic nutrient limitation." Nature Geoscience 6, no. 9 (March 31, 2013): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1765.

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Barsanti, Laura, and Paolo Gualtieri. "Biophysics and Quantum Limitation of Photoreceptive Processes." Encyclopedia 4, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4010003.

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This entry paper is an attempt to explain how the discrete nature of light (energy discreteness in the form of photons) constrains the light detection process all along the evolutionary path, in the not-fully-understood photoreceptive systems of unicellular microorganisms (nonimaging systems) and in the complex and well-known visual system of higher organisms (imaging systems). All these systems are perfect examples of the interplay between physics and biology, i.e., they are the perfect topic of research for biophysicists. The paper describes how photoreceptive and visual systems achieve the goal of photon counting, which information is conveyed by a finite number of photons, and which noise factors limit light-detecting processes.

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Kloeden, Peter E., Christian Pötzsche, and Martin Rasmussen. "Limitations of pullback attractors for processes." Journal of Difference Equations and Applications 18, no. 4 (April 2012): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236198.2011.578070.

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Armor, J. N. "Overcoming equilibrium limitations in chemical processes." Applied Catalysis A: General 222, no. 1-2 (December 2001): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00833-x.

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Sokolenko, Anatolii, Oleksandr Shevchenko, Oleg Stepanets, Natalia Romanchenko, and Anastasiia Shevchenko. "Limitation of dynamic power parameters in transitional processes." Ukrainian Food Journal 9, no. 1 (March 2020): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24263/2304-974x-2020-9-1-18.

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Hanafizadeh, Payam, and Sorousha Moayer. "A methodology to define strategic processes in organizations." Business Process Management Journal 14, no. 2 (April 18, 2008): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637150810864943.

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PurposeTo elaborate a methodology enabling organizations to define their strategic processes among other processes.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach has been chosen due to the nature of this research. Case study research method is qualitative method but it can be positivist. The mix of techniques is appropriate and some degree of quantification is necessary. Three high‐level steps are designed and these steps are developed in the managerial holding companies (research case study).FindingsBecause of limitations on budget and time, organizations are able to define the processes which are critical to achieve organizations' goals. This methodology has a holistic view in organizations by using balanced scorecard framework.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is based on a single case. Generalization based on this case should be interpreted cautiously and a limitation of the case study should be kept in mind. Furthermore, the strategy of the research case is a competitive strategy and the strategic processes are chosen according to this strategy. They may be changed based on other strategies. In interpreting the result, these limitations should be kept in mind.Originality/valueDefining the strategic processes helps organizations to use their resources based on their objectives. This paper presents a methodology that improves the ability of organizations in managing and directing their resources efficiently.

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Мамедов, Закир. "LIMITATIONS ON RECYCLING FLOWS OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES." PNRPU Bulletin. Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9400/2019.1.03.

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Martyak, N. M., and J. Lou. "Limitations of Nickel Hypophosphite Electroless Nickel Processes." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 79, no. 5 (September 2001): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758201753189712.

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Дисертації з теми "Limitation du processeur"

Perera, Jayasuriya Kuranage Menuka. "AI-driven Zero-Touch solutions for resource management in cloud-native 5G networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0427.

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Le déploiement des réseaux 5G a introduit des architectures cloud-native et des systèmes de gestion automatisés, offrant aux fournisseurs de services de communication une infrastructure évolutive, flexible et agile. Ces avancées permettent une allocation dynamique des ressources, augmentant celles-ci en période de forte demande et les réduisant en période de faible utilisation, optimisant ainsi les CapEx et OpEx. Cependant, une observabilité limitée et une caractérisation insuffisante des charges de travail entravent la gestion des ressources. Une surprovisionnement pendant les périodes creuses augmente lescoûts, tandis qu’un sous-provisionnement dégrade la QoS lors des pics de demande. Malgré les solutions existantes dans l’industrie, le compromis entre efficacité des coûts et optimisation de la QoS reste difficile. Cette thèse aborde ces défis en proposant des solutions d’autoscaling proactives pour les fonctions réseau dans un environnement cloud native 5G. Elle se concentre sur la prévision précise de l’utilisation des ressources, l’identification des opérations de changement d’échelle à mettre en oeuvre, et l’optimisation des instants auxquels opérer ces ajustements pour préserver l’équilibre entre coût et QoS. De plus, une approche novatrice permet de tenir compte de façon efficace du throttling de la CPU. Le cadre développé assure une allocation efficace des ressources, réduisant les coûts opérationnels tout en maintenant une QoS élevée. Ces contributions établissent une base pour des opérations réseau 5G durables et efficaces et proposent une base pour les futures architectures cloud-native
The deployment of 5G networks has introduced cloud-native architectures and automated management systems, offering communication service providers scalable, flexible, and agile infrastructure. These advancements enable dynamic resource allocation, scaling resources up during high demand and down during low usage, optimizing CapEx and OpEx. However, limited observability and poor workload characterization hinder resource management. Overprovisioning during off-peak periods raises costs, while underprovisioning during peak demand degrades QoS. Despite industry solutions, the trade-off between cost efficiency and QoS remains unresolved. This thesis addresses these challenges by proposing proactive autoscaling solutions for network functions in cloud-native 5G. It focuses on accurately forecasting resource usage, intelligently differentiating scaling events (scaling up, down, or none), and optimizing timing to achieve a balance between cost and QoS. Additionally, CPU throttling, a significant barrier to this balance, is mitigated through a novel approach. The developed framework ensures efficient resource allocation, reducing operational costs while maintaining high QoS. These contributions establish a foundation for sustainable and efficient 5G network operations, setting a benchmark for future cloud-native architectures

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Charlot, Marina. "Systèmes moléculaires et tandems pour la limitation optique." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S187.

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Soar, Rupert Christopher. "An examination of the feasibility and design limitations of laminate tooling for pressure die-casting." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4207.

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Landsell, Julia, and Emelie Hägglund. "Towards a Gamification Framework : Limitations and opportunities when gamifying business processes." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120723.

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Under de senaste åren har gamification blivit alltmer förekommande i företags-sammanhang. Grundidén bakom gamification är att använda spel-element i icke-spel kontexter, med avsikt att motivera och engagera anställda. Dagens arbetsplats har genom åren genomgått en omfattande förändring, och i dagens organisationer förväntas anställda vara kreativa och använda sina entreprenöriska egenskaper för att bidra till organisationens företagsmål och affärsnytta. Enligt undersökningar speglar detta tyvärr inte dagens verklighet. Det rapporteras att så lite som 13% av alla anställda är engagerade i sitt arbete, och så mycket som 24% är aktivt likgiltiga till deras arbete. Det är alarmerande siffror som företag har försökt att motverka med hjälp av gamification, men det är få som lyckas. Denna studie presenterar genom en kvalitativ metod, begränsningar och möjligheter vid tillämpningen av gamification i företagssammanhang, och vilka faktorer som är avgörande för framgång. Studien syftar även på att undersöka hur organisationer kan gå tillväga för att hålla anställda motiverade på lång sikt. Vi kunde urskilja att det finns fyra huvudområden som utmärkte sig som bidragande faktorer: spelar types, spelarresan, motivation och utvärdering. Detta resulterade i att vi kunde urskilja vilka faktorer som främjar användarmål och vilka som främjar verksamhetsmål. Båda dessa aspekter ska bidra till att lösa organisatoriska problem och gynna företagsmål. För att lyckas med gamification måste man kunna motivera de anställda, men även bidra till affärsnytta. Vi identifierade att utvärderingsaspekten är en avgörande faktor för lyckad gamification och att bristen av forskning kring detta område kan utgöra en anledning till varför vissa misslyckas. Utifrån dessa framgångsfaktorer presenterar vi därefter ett ramverk, Enterprise Gamification Evaluation Framework, vars syfte är att fungera som ett stöd för implementation av gamification.

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Tajan, Romain. "Mécanismes de retransmission Hybrid-ARQ en radio-cognitive." Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967013.

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Dans les standards actuels tels que HSDPA ou LTE, des protocoles de retransmissions (ARQ: Automatic Repeat reQuest) sont utilisés conjointement au codage de canal afin de palier aux erreurs dues à l'absence ou la mauvaise de connaissance de canal à la transmission. On garantit ainsi la fiabilité du lien physique pour les couches OSI supérieures (du moins un taux d'erreur paquet faible). De tels protocoles sont appelés protocoles de retransmission hybrides (HARQ). L'objet de cette thèse est de proposer des outils permettant l'analyse et l'optimisation des systèmes de communication en présences de protocoles HARQ avec une emphase particulière sur les systèmes cognitifs.Dans la première partie, nous étudierons un système point-à-point dans lequel trois différents protocoles HARQ adaptatifs seront considérés. Dans un premier temps, nous considérerons le régime asymptotique (i.e. codes optimaux gaussiens). Nous proposerons, dans ce cas, deux optimisations possibles : la minimisation de la puissance moyenne sous la contrainte de débit moyen et la maximisation du débit moyen sous une contrainte de puissance moyenne. Nous montrerons que les Processus de Décision Markoviens (MDP) sont des outils adaptés aux problèmes d'optimisation considérés.Dans les standards actuels tels que HSDPA ou LTE, des protocoles de retransmissions (ARQ: Automatic Repeat reQuest) sont utilisés conjointement au codage de canal afin de palier aux erreurs dues à l'absence ou la mauvaise de connaissance de canal à la transmission. On garantit ainsi la fiabilité du lien physique pour les couches OSI supérieures (du moins un taux d'erreur paquet faible). De tels protocoles sont appelés protocoles de retransmission hybrides (HARQ). L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des outils permettant l'analyse et l'optimisation des systèmes de communication en présences de protocoles HARQ avec une emphase particulière sur les systèmes cognitifs. La radio cognitive est une approche permettant à des utilisateurs non-licenciés de communiquer dans les mêmes bandes de fréquences que des utilisateurs licenciés afin d'augmenter l'efficacité spectrale des réseaux sans fil. Les utilisateurs secondaires doivent néanmoins limiter les interférences générées sur les signaux des utilisateurs primaires. Dans ce contexte, nous étudierons les débits atteignables par un utilisateur secondaire utilisant l'observation du protocole HARQ de l'utilisateur primaire afin de contrôler son interférence.

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Cimenler, Ummuhan. "Molecular-Size Selective Zeolite Membrane Encapsulated Novel Catalysts for Enhanced Biomass to Liquid (BTL) Processes." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6644.

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80% of energy usage in the word comes from fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and among the fossil fuels, oil is the most consumed energy source especially in transportation. However, due to concerns about energy demand and energy sustainability, global warming and dependency on foreign oil, generation of renewable fuels is crucial for transportation. Biomass to Liquid (BTL) is a promising process available to produce renewable liquid fuels. BTL fuels have great potential to meet the growing demand for liquid fuels, mitigating climate change, and providing value to rural areas. However, there are two major challenges with biofuels produced from BTL. One of the major challenge is the H2:CO ratio of biomass gasification product is insufficient for production of hydrocarbon fuels due to formation of methane and tars. The steam reforming of hydrocarbons, to improve the H2:CO ratio, is generally conducted as part of the gas conditioning. However, tars cause the catalysts to deactivate rapidly. Secondly, for fuels produced from the gasification route regardless of feedstock source, there is an economy-of-scale issue. Therefore, it is desirable to seek ways of process intensification to allow small scale plants to be more economical. Zeolites can be used to solve these challenges since they have reactant selectivity property. To achieve a catalyst capable of reforming methane without potential for deactivation by tars, the encapsulation of a core reforming catalyst with porous zeolite shell is examined in this dissertation. After detailed introduction in the first chapter, a composite H-β zeolite membrane encapsulated 1.6wt%Ni/1.2wt%Mg/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 steam reforming catalyst was prepared by a physical coating method in the second chapter of the study. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses indicated that H-β zeolite was coated successfully on the core reforming catalyst. The pore size of H-β zeolite shell was between 0.43 and 0.57 nm, as measured by the HK method. Steam reforming of CH4 and C7H8 (as a tar model) were conducted with the composite H-β zeolite coated reforming catalyst, the two components individually, and physical mixtures of the two components as a function of temperature (780–840°C). CH4 conversion was enhanced by a factor of 2–3 (depending on temperature) for the composite catalyst as compared to the core reforming catalyst individually even though the zeolite did not have any activity alone. Possible reasons for the enhanced CH4 conversion include confined reaction effects (increase residence time within pores) of the catalyst containing the zeolite coating and/or Al3+ promotion of the active sites. Alternatively, due to molecular-size selectivity, the composite H-β zeolite coated reforming catalyst demonstrated a decrease in C7H8 conversion when compared to the uncoated reforming catalyst. The results validate the use of size selective catalysts to control molecular traffic and enhance the reforming reactant selectivity. A composite catalyst consisting of an outer layer of zeolite membrane encapsulating an inner reforming catalyst core was synthesized by a double physical coating method to investigate reactant selectivity (ratio of methane/toluene conversion rate) in steam reforming of methane (CH4) and toluene (C7H8). A double encapsulation (51 wt % H-β zeolite) of a 1.6 wt % Ni−1.2 wt % Mg/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 steam reforming catalyst was compared to a singly coated composite catalyst (34.3 wt % H-β zeolite) to investigate zeolite thickness effects on the conversion of different sized hydrocarbons. The increase in the zeolite content from 34.3 to 51 wt % decreased both CH4 and C7H8 conversions (by up to 14% depending upon the temperature) as a result of the increase in diffusional limitations. Weisz−Prater criteria and Thiele moduli calculations confirmed that the reactions were performed under internal diffusion limitations. The C7H8 conversion of the 51 wt % composite (SR@β51%) catalyst was similar to the zeolite alone, indicating negligible contribution from the protected catalyst core. The reactant selectivity increased by up to 1.5 times on SR@β51% in comparison to the SR@β34.3% composite. Combined reforming at 800 °C on the SR@β51% catalyst indicated that the catalyst was stable during the 10 h time on stream. Continuing this work, a non-acidic Silicalite-1 zeolite membrane encapsulated 1.6wt%Ni-1.2wt%Mg/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 steam reforming composite catalyst, synthesized by a physical coating method, was used to investigate effect of encapsulation on size selective steam reforming, using methane (CH4) and toluene (C7H8) as representative species. Weisz-Prater Criteria and Thiele moduli calculations indicated internal diffusion limitations. Combined reforming of CH4 and C7H8 at 800°C on the composite catalyst demonstrated stability during the 10 h time on stream while uncoated SR catalyst deactivated. The non-acidic Silicalite-1 encapsulated catalyst showed decreases (~2-7%) in both CH4 and C7H8 conversions compared to acidic H-β zeolite confirming that shell acidity did contribute to conversion and suggesting that shell defects/grain boundaries were responsible for the C7H8 conversion. Finally, low temperature 0.16wt%Pt–1.34wt%Ni–1.00wt%Mg/(Ce0.6Zr0.4)O2 reforming catalyst was triple coated with H-β zeolite (60 wt% of zeolite) to be utilized synthesis of combination steam reforming catalyst (SR) and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) catalyst (CRAFT) for a single-step conversion of methane to liquid fuels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis result demonstrated that H-β zeolite was successfully encapsulated onto the low temperature reforming catalyst. The catalyst was tested in steam reforming of methane (CH4) and toluene (C7H8) and the results was compared with 51 wt%. While CH4 conversions are very similar on the 60wt% composite catalyst with 51wt% composite catalyst, no C7H8 conversion was seen on the 60 wt% composite catalyst. Thus, it is concluded that the 60 wt% composite catalyst can be utilized to synthesis CRAFT catalyst.

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Travis, Rosemary Fechner. "Differences in School Districts' Decision-Making Processes Before and After Tax Limitation Elections: A Case Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331870/.

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Using a case study approach, this investigation focused on the decision-making processes involved in developing budgets in two Texas school districts following a tax limitation, or rollback, election. Factors influencing the decision-making processes included the rollback election's outcome in each district, the participants, the perceptions participants held of themselves, the perceptions participants held of others in the district and community, the decisions made, and the factors influencing participants' decisions. Two Texas school districts were selected as subjects of this study which used qualitative data collection methods. In one school district, the rollback election passed. In the other, it failed. Data collection included observations of school board meetings and budget workshops. Structured interviews of school board members and administrators, pro- and antirollback proponents, and newspaper editors were conducted. Questions focused on the budgetary decision-making processes before and after the rollback elections. They also solicited information fromsubjects regarding rollback elections, the factors precipitating the rollback elections and the impact of the rollback election campaign upon each school district. Document analyses were triangulated with the observations and interviews to identify the factors influencing the budgetary decision-making process. Following the rollback elections, school officials in both districts adopted a conservative approach to budgetary decision-making. In both districts, school board members and administrators listened more carefully to citizens' concerns. Citizen finance committees were formed in both districts following the rollback elections to receive community input into the 1989-90 budgets. The decision-making processes in both districts were influenced by school board members' and administrators' personal philosophies, the presence or absence of long-range district goals, and pressures to finance unfunded and underfunded state mandates. The budget documents produced in both districts following the rollback elections reflected a commitment to funding curricular rather than extracurricular programs. School officials protected teachers' and support staffers' salaries, recognizing the importance of maintaining employee morale.

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Van, Horn Nicholas M. "Perceptual Learning And Visual Short-Term Memory: The Limitations And Mechanisms Of Interacting Processes." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408731180.

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Delaporte, Florent. "Nouvelles approches de conception en vue de la limitation des risques de compatibilité électromagnétique et de fuite d'information sur les équipements électroniques embarqués." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAR0004.

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Le marché actuel des systèmes électroniques est très compétitif. D’un point de vue de la CEM, ceci impose la conception de produits fonctionnels et respectant les normes, dans des délais les plus courts possibles. Pour répondre à ces besoins, il faut prendre en compte la CEM au plus tôt dans le design. Dans le contexte de conception de carte électroniques, deux problèmes demeurent pour parvenir à cet objectif. Premièrement, les contraintes normatives définies au niveau de l’équipement sont difficiles à décliner au niveau de la carte. Deuxièmement, beaucoup de paramètres sont indéterminés en amont de la conception, rendant difficile l’analyse et la prise de décision. Ce mémoire propose de répondre à ces problématiques dans le cadre d’une étude d’émissivité rayonnée. Pour cela, une démarche de création de modèle paramétrique de rayonnement de carte électronique est proposée. L’utilisation de la puissance totale rayonnée (PTR) comme sortie du modèle sert de passerelle entre une représentation de la carte et celle de mécanique, au niveau système, répondant à la première problématique. Le modèle de carte électronique ainsi obtenu doit être capable de réaliser une analyse de sensibilité pour répondre à la deuxième problématique. L’utilisation de méta-modèles sur la simulation numérique permet d’obtenir des modèles à la fois rapides et fiables. Cette méthode, proposée dans cette thèse, est éprouvée sur des scénarios d’une relative complexité, pour démontrer son utilité dans la prise de décision lors de la conception d’un circuit imprimé
Today electronic systems market is very competitive. From an EMC point of view, it implies designing functional products, which pass EMC standards, in a minimum amount of time. To meet these needs, designers have to consider EMC as soon as possible in their design. In the context of electronic board design, there are two challenges to reach this goal. Firstly, the constraints in standards are equipment-level defined. Convert them to a board level is hardly accessible. Secondly, many parameters are undetermined at the beginning of the design, which prevents analysis and decision-making. This dissertation put forward some answers in a radiated emissivity context. To do so, a procedure to create a parametric model for the emissivity of an electronic board is proposed. The total radiated power as output of the model consists of the input at a system level model. This solves the first problem. The model built must be able to provide a sensitivity analysis to solve the second problem. Surrogate modeling based on electromagnetic (but time and resource consuming) simulation offers reliable and fast models. This is the methodology proposed by this thesis. It is tested on scenarios of moderate complexity, to prove how useful it is in decision-making during the conception of a stackup of a board

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Siew, Weiming Eugene. "Application of membrane separation processes in the pharmaceutical industry : a study of process development for overcoming membrane limitations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14348.

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The prevalent business model in the pharmaceutical industry requires rapid and robust process development and flexible manufacturing processes. This work reports the attempts to develop structured procedures for membrane process development to meet these requirements. The Donnan Steric Pore Model, in conjunction with a computational molecular dynamics programme, was evaluated as tool for membrane performance predictions to circumvent the need for tedious membrane screening experiments. However, the computational effort required was too onerous, making experimentation more efficient than computational method at this stage. Process chemistry manipulation enabled the use of otherwise incompatible membranes for separation and reduced the time needed for membrane scoping. Firstly, through pH manipulation to selectively increase electrostatic sieving, the permeation selectivity of a membrane to 2 different solutes was changed. Secondly, a structured procedure for polyalkylation of an ‘anchor’ molecule to increase the steric hindrance of an organocatalyst was used to enable the total retention of the catalyst so that a single stage membrane recycling strategy for the catalyst could be enacted. Published membrane processes were analysed and found to lack robustness and to be too sensitive to slight deviations in membrane performance. Hence new membrane processes were devised to address these challenges. Firstly, a membrane cascade process was used to enhance the rejection of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) over the single pass membrane rejection. This cascade process was then used for concurrent API concentration and solvent recovery. Secondly, a permeable stripping cascade configuration was used for the removal of an excess reagent from an API to enable the excess loading of the reagent to increase the yield of the API. The membrane cascades benefited from enhanced reliability, increased productivity and improved robustness.

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Книги з теми "Limitation du processeur"

Sciences, Protestant Institute of Arts and Social. Reconciliation processes in Rwanda: Potentials and limitations. Butare-Huye, Rwanda: Protestant Institute of Arts and Social Sciences (PIASS), 2012.

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Tabares-Velasco, Paulo César. Estimating heat and mass transfer processes in green roof systems: Current modeling capabilities and limitations. Golden, Colo.]: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Workplace safety and health: OSHA's oversight of its civil penalty determination and violation abatement processes has limitations : report to the Secretary of Labor. Washington, D.C. (441 G Street, N.W., Washington 20548): U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2004.

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Ayanda, S. Water Treatment Technologies: Principles, Applications, Successes and Limitations of Bioremediation, Membrane Bioreactor and the Advanced Oxidation Processes. Edited by Dr Olushola. OMICS International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/978-1-63278-058-4-059.

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U. S. Government Accountability Offi Gao. International Cash-Based Food Assistance: USAID Has Established Processes to Monitor Cash and Voucher Projects, but Data Limitations Impede Evaluation. Independently Published, 2019.

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Joseph, Oliver. Independence in Electoral Management: Electoral Processes Primer 1. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.103.

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Elections are the cornerstone of democratic political processes, serving as a mechanism for political parties or candidates to compete for public office under equal conditions before the electorate. For an election to be credible, the competition must be fair, requiring impartial management of the process. As described in International IDEA’s Handbook on Electoral Management Design (Catt et al. 2014), electoral management bodies (EMBs) are the state institution or institutions established and mandated to organize or, in some instances, supervise the essential (or core) elements of this process. This Primer focuses on the establishment of EMBs as institutions normatively, structurally and functionally independent from government. It examines the benefits and limitations of the legal and institutional framework, governance structure, remit, autonomy over their resources, and contextual approaches that facilitate their functional independence, applicable to different legal and political contexts. The Primer discusses EMB independence and EMB relations with all stakeholders engaged in an electoral process at the national level.

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Fermüller, Cornelia. Motion Illusions in Man and Machine. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0006.

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At the level of mathematical abstraction, computing image motion amounts to an estimation problem and can be analyzed using the tools of statistics and signal processing. As shown in this chapter, intrinsic limitations to the estimation processes make it impossible to derive veridical estimates for all images. Image motion is estimated erroneously, and as a result higher level processes compute erroneous three-dimensional motion and moving scenes. Specifically, two limitations are discussed: (a) due to noise in image data, there is statistical bias that affects anisotropic patterns and (2) the filters computing changes in time are asymmetric (causal), using data only from the past but not the future, and misestimate on locally asymmetric intensity signals of certain spatial frequencies. Since these limitations are not an artifact of the hardware but are inherent to the computations, they will affect any system and thus create illusions in man and machine.

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McCusker, Chris. Towards understanding loss of control. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198569299.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 discusses an automatic network theory of addictive behaviours, including cognitive social learning theory and the expectancy construct, anomalies and limitations in traditional cognitive and expectancy theories, autonomic cue-reactivity phenomena, and methods of cognitive assessment, automatic cognitive processes in addictive behaviours, implicit memory structures and processes in addictive behaviours.

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Robert F, Williams. Part III Structure of State Government, 9 The State Legislative Branch. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195343083.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the fact that state constitutions create a legislative branch that is substantially different from the federal Congress. Most importantly, state legislatures exercise reserved, plenary power subject only to limitations in the state or federal Constitutions. The federal Congress, by contrast, exercises enumerated, delegated power. In addition, the state legislatures are subject to a variety of limitations on the process of lawmaking that are contained in state constitutions. The chapter discusses the variety of approaches to judicial enforcement of these procedural limitations. Finally, in a number of states, the state legislature's lawmaking power is shared with the people, who can enact or defeat laws through direct democracy, or the initiative and referendum processes.

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Bischoff, Rainer, and Klaus-Peter Fischer-Hellmann. Information Flow Based Security Control Beyond RBAC: How to Enable Fine-Grained Security Policy Enforcement in Business Processes Beyond Limitations of Role-based Access Control. Springer Vieweg. in Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "Limitation du processeur"

Mattiasson, B. "Technological Processes for Biotechnological Utilization of Microorganisms." In Biotechnology: Potentials and Limitations, 113–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70535-9_9.

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Makino, Junichiro. "Traditional Approaches and Their Limitations." In Principles of High-Performance Processor Design, 7–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76871-3_2.

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Rambidi, Nicholas G. "Reaction–Diffusion Processor: Possibilities and Limitations." In Molecular Computing, 127–66. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99699-7_5.

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Addiscott, Thomas M. "Modeling: Potential and Limitations." In Handbook of Processes and Modeling in the Soil-Plant System, 707–30. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003578543-23.

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Simari, Gerardo I., and Simon D. Parsons. "Conclusions, Limitations, and Future Directions." In Markov Decision Processes and the Belief-Desire-Intention Model, 55–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1472-8_6.

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Adeleke, Oluwatobi, Sina Karimzadeh, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Limitations, Opportunities, and Future Directions." In Machine Learning-Based Modelling in Atomic Layer Deposition Processes, 347–51. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003346234-18.

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Tilman, David. "Species Composition, Species Diversity, and Ecosystem Processes: Understanding the Impacts of Global Change." In Successes, Limitations, and Frontiers in Ecosystem Science, 452–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1724-4_19.

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Kester, D. R. "Equilibrium Models in Seawater: Applications and Limitations." In The Importance of Chemical “Speciation” in Environmental Processes, 337–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70441-3_18.

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Kliegl, Reinhold, Ulrich Mayr, and Klaus Oberauer. "Resource Limitations and Process Dissociations in Individual Differences Research." In Generative Mental Processes and Cognitive Resources, 337–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4373-8_13.

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Shrivastava, Parnika, and Puneet Tandon. "A Review on Process Limitations and Recent Advancements in Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming." In Metal Forming Processes, 183–98. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003226703-11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Limitation du processeur"

Graydon, Mallory, Frank McCormick, and Natasha Neogi. "Scoping, Tailoring, and Abstraction Refinement in Hazard Assessment Processes." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–12. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1354.

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Hazard assessment is an engineering activity that produces insight into which states of thing being engineered might be hazardous. In aviation contexts, it is often performed for certification credit at both the aircraft and system levels during the early design phase of the system's lifecycle. However, novel aircraft paradigms such as urban air mobility (UAM) operations might either violate assumptions on which traditional aviation hazard assessment is based or simply possess attributes that would make other approaches more effective. In this paper, we define the key concepts underpinning hazard assessment and identify the limitations and assumptions inherent in hazard analysis. We analyze popular techniques to show how they embody these key concepts. We identify ways in which hazard assessment may be scoped and tailored to an application. And, using worked examples, we discuss how, where, and why such tailoring might be needed, especially in novel contexts.

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Nedyalkova, Plamena. "COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF DIGITALIZATION OF PROCESSES IN CONTROL INSTITUTIONS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 435–40. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.56.

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The control institutions of each country are the leading organizations that deal directly with citizens and businesses. These institutions are strongly affected by the digitization of processes and the introduction of new technologies. All these innovations are aimed at improving the quality of implementation of control activities on the one hand, and on the other hand at supporting the interaction of control institutions and citizens, respectively legal entities. The article examines the problems regarding the application of the "costs - benefits" method in the control institutions in the digitalization of processes. Here, accordingly, the innovative thing in this article is that the digital projects in the control institutions are tested from the point of view of the static project evaluation methods and the dynamic project evaluation methods aimed at the digitalization of processes. A significant problem will be presented in the report, but due to the limitations of the development, it will not be possible to develop and explore it fully. The most important points of the cost-benefit model will be highlighted here.

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Ingram, Samuel T. "Color management: printing processes - opportunities and limitations." In 9th Congress of the International Color Association, edited by Robert Chung and Allan Rodrigues. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.464508.

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Toker, Onur. "Cyberattack Detection and Detector Limitations for Stochastic Processes." In SoutheastCon 2024. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/southeastcon52093.2024.10500099.

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Temnokhud, Marharyta, and Natalia Lantukhova. "AN UPDATE ON THE USE AND LIMITATIONS OF PERIOPERATIVE TRANEXAMIC ACID." In Modern Science: Processes of Globalisation and Transformation. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-309-5-5.

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Ayres, A., O. Rozeau, B. Borot, L. Fesquet, G. Cibrario, and M. Vinet. "Back-end limitations in advanced nodes and alternatives." In 2017 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/sispad.2017.8085286.

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Su, Sheng-Kai, Edward Chen, and Jeff Wu. "A Simulation Perspective: The Potential and Limitation of Ge GAA CMOS Devices." In 2018 International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices (SISPAD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sispad.2018.8551673.

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Casey, Owen, Rushit Dave, Naeem Seliya, and Evelyn R. Sowells Boone. "Machine Learning: Challenges, Limitations, and Compatibility for Audio Restoration Processes." In 2021 International Conference on Computing, Computational Modelling and Applications (ICCMA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccma53594.2021.00013.

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Butko, Anastasiia, George Michelogiannakis, Samuel Williams, Costin Iancu, David Donofrio, John Shalf, Jonathan Carter, and Irfan Siddiqi. "Understanding Quantum Control Processor Capabilities and Limitations through Circuit Characterization." In 2020 International Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrc2020.2020.00011.

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Koutserimpas, T. T., and F. Monticone. "On the Search for Fundamental Limitations for Harmonic Generation Processes." In 2023 Seventeenth International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metamaterials58257.2023.10289610.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Limitation du processeur"

Malik. L51877 Crack Arrest Toughness to Avoid Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Gas Transmission Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010192.

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Design against long ductile fracture propagation in gas pipelines involves an analysis of the balance between driving force, derived from the gas pressure, and the fracture resistance of the material. Initially, the shelf energy in the Charpy test was successfully used as a measure of fracture propagation resistance. As material strength, pipe diameter and operating pressures increased and required greater fracture propagation resistance, the limitations of the Charpy energy approach became increasingly apparent. This limitation for modern steels is due to the fact that the Charpy test involves significant energy absorption contributions from processes not related to fracture propagation. If an energy-balance approach is to be maintained, and if material resistance is to be measured in a fairly simple laboratory notch bend test (e.g. Charpy or drop-weight tear), the problem reduces to the isolation of the propagation energy absorption per unit of crack advance. To resolve crack propagation energy, a novel modification was evaluated for both Charpy and DWTT specimens by employing a back-slot including a snug fitting shim to replace the removed material. In most cases, this modification was effective in curtailing the load-displacement trace when the propagating crack interacted with the slot on the backside of the specimen. It is also noted that this approach did not affect the initial portion of the load-displacement history and thus allowed crack propagation energies to be resolved.

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Weston. L51649 A Study of Processes for Welding Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010216.

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The construction of a pipeline involves the joining, end to end, of a series of standard lengths of pipe together with other connections to the necessary valves, pumps, etc. Technically, when considered in isolation, this is a relatively simple joining operation and a number of processes can be used to perform it. When all of the production constraints are taken into consideration, however, the selection task becomes considerably more complex. Pipe diameter and wall thickness ranges are wide and new pipe materials are continuously becoming available. On land the terrain can vary from prairie to mountains and from swamps to urban surroundings. A significant proportion of pipe laying is also being done at sea in water depths which can exceed 3,300 feet (1000m). Regardless of all of these changing circumstances, one factor remains constant, a need to produce a technically acceptable pipeline at the lowest possible overall cost. This report reviews the development of welding processes in two main categories, Fusion Welding and Forge Welding. Non Destructive Testing (NDT) is also reviewed. Within each category, each process is considered separately in terms of process principles, general applications, application to pipeline welding, equipment for pipe welding, consumables, process tolerance and skill requirements, weld quality and inspection, process economics, limitations and future developments. Similar areas areconsidered in the section on NDT.

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Zurcher, John, and Keith Leewis. PR-302-133606-R01 Improving the Performance of the ECDA Methodology. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010870.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of ECDA as an inspection methodology and integrity assessment process. This was performed through a series of steps including the following: - Developing and sending out questionnaires to a broad array of pipeline companies. The questionnaire looked for successes and failures with the ECDA process, correlation with other assessment methodologies and issues/gaps with processes and standards. - Conducting interviews with various pipeline companies' integrity management and corrosion control personnel to ascertain ECDA performance and usefulness among other attributes based on the results of the questionnaires. - Performing a literature search for ECDA write-ups on the use, effectiveness and limitations of ECDA as a process and practice. - Performing procedure reviews of leading pipeline companies ECDA process and related corrosion control procedures. Procedures were compared to industry standards and leading practices in order to help determine overall effectiveness of the ECDA processes. This report has a related webinar.

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Jesper, M., and F. Pag. Integration Concepts and Design Guidelines. IEA SHC Task 63, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2024-0002.

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The defossilization of the industrial heat supply is crucial for achieving the Paris climate targets. For the defossilization of heat with supply temperatures of at least 150 °C, solar thermal heat for industrial processes (SHIP) and heat pumps (HP) are technically mature technologies that allow a complete substitution of fossilfueled systems already today [1]. However, the individual potential of these technologies is often limited by restrictions regarding the availability of renewable energy sources, e.g., solar radiation, environmental or excess heat, or by technical limitations, e.g., the available space for solar thermal collectors. The combination of both technologies could, therefore, be a solution to maximize the degree of defossilization and overall efficiency.

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Riccardella, Scott. PR-335-143705-R01 Study on Reliability of In-ditch NDE for SCC Anomalies. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011529.

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Pipeline operators are increasingly finding pipeline degradation in the form of crack-like defects associated with stress corrosion cracking and are challenged in selecting and employing nondestructive examination techniques that can reliably determine the maximum depth and axial depth profile of these anomalies. This information is essential in determining whether the line is fit for service and for how long; which areas require repair; what repair methods may be deemed acceptable; and whether in-line inspection was successful in detecting and prioritizing anomalies. This work further investigates and quantifies the capabilities and limitations of different nondestructive examination methodologies that are typically used and/or identified as feasible for the characterization of crack-like features. The objective of this project was to develop and implement a process to evaluate the applicability, accuracy, and sensitivity of different nondestructive examination methodologies in sizing stress corrosion cracking anomalies. This report outlines the nondestructive examination methodologies selected, the test processes and protocols used, the crack truth verification processes used, and the analysis of the final results.

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Jones. L51751 Evaluation of Low Hydrogen Welding Processes for Pipeline Construction in High Strength Steel. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010220.

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As the use of higher strength and thicker walled pipe becomes more prevalent, the procedures that would normally guard against hydrogen cracking when welding with cellulosic electrodes, become less effective and it has become necessary to investigate the use of alternative low hydrogen consumables. Low hydrogen manual welding processes, suitable for pipeline girth welding, have been available for some time for the lower strength pipe grades, and latterly, for high strength pipelines (up to and including X80). Despite their availability and advantages in terms of reduced crack susceptibility, they have been rarely used in production up to the present time. Basic coated shielded metal arc (SMA) electrodes, suitable for vertical-down welding, are produced by some manufacturers at the strength level required for both the root welding and filling of pipeline girth welds. Self-shielded flux-cored wires (SSFCA) are also available for both root and fill welding, and in addition to the low hydrogen levels, these have the advantage of increased productivity. Both of these processes require different methods of deposition compared to welding using cellulosic electrodes, which necessitates specialized training of welders. It is thought that this, along with doubts concerning the reliability and speed of the processes in site conditions, has made contractors reluctant to adopt them. Furthermore, there was a dearth of independently produced information on the welding production performance of low hydrogen processes. The objectives of this work was to generate data to enable users to make an informed judgement regarding the practical application of low hydrogen processes. Furthermore, it was intended to develop improved root welding procedures, which had been recognized as being significant process limitation. A further objective of this work was to collect data to permit an informed choice when choosing low hydrogen welding processes for modern high-strength steel walled pipe. The performance of low hydrogen vertical down electrodes (L4VD) and solid and flux cored wires for welding X80 linepipe is assessed with regard to ease of welding, productivity and weldment mechanical properties in comparison to cellulosic electrodes.

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Cook, Samantha, Marissa Torres, Nathan Lamie, Lee Perren, Scott Slone, and Bonnie Jones. Automated ground-penetrating-radar post-processing software in R programming. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45621.

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Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive geophysical technique used to create images of the subsurface. A major limitation of GPR is that a subject matter expert (SME) needs to post-process and interpret the data, limiting the technique’s use. Post-processing is time-intensive and, for detailed processing, requires proprietary software. The goal of this study is to develop automated GPR post-processing software, compatible with Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (GSSI) data, in open-source R programming. This would eliminate the need for an SME to process GPR data, remove proprietary software dependencies, and render GPR more accessible. This study collected GPR profiles by using a GSSI SIR4000 control unit, a 100 MHz antenna, and a Trimble GPS. A standardized method for post-processing data was then established, which includes static data removal, time-zero correction, distance normalization, data filtering, and stacking. These steps were scripted and automated in R programming, excluding data filtering, which was used from an existing package, RGPR. The study compared profiles processed using GSSI software to profiles processed using the R script developed here to ensure comparable functionality and output. While an SME is currently still necessary for interpretations, this script eliminates the need for one to post-process GSSI GPR data.

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Salter and Weston. L51534 A Study of New Joining Processes for Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010083.

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Over many decades it has been accepted that the most economical way to produce a pipeline is to join together the standard lengths of pipe as quickly as possible, using a highly mobile task force of welders and other technicians, leaving tie-ins, crossings, etc. to smaller specialist crews. The work pattern which evolved almost invariably involved several crews of welders strung out along the pipelines, progress being controlled by the rate at which the leading pair could complete the weld root. The spread from this first crew to final inspection could be a considerable distance, acceptable on land but not acceptable offshore (a rapidly increasing need which reached a peak in the 1970's). This operation, involving costly lay barges, demanded even higher throughput rates to be achieved from a more compact working spread. In common with most manufacturing technologies, there was an increasing dissatisfaction with a system which relied entirely on the skill of a limited number of highly paid men who had little incentive to change their working practices. Increasingly there came reports of the development of new approaches to joining line-pipe, ranging from the mechanization of arc welding to entirely different forms of joining, for example, electron beam welding or mechanical joining. The investment in some of these developments is reported to be several million dollars. The review of present pipelining practice shows that only a handful has been put to practical use, and in the western world, probably only one, an arc welding variant, has been used to produce more than a few hundred miles of pipeline. The information available on these developments is sparse and is scattered amongst a range of companies and research agencies. A literature review and research study to collect together as much of this information as is available, assemble it into a coherent and useable form and identify those developments which show the most promise to fulfill future needs. The main body of the report, which reviews development of the welding processes has been divided into three main joining categories, Fusion Welding, Forge Welding and Mechanical Interference Joining. Within each category each process is considered separately in terms of process principles, general applications, application to pipeline welding, equipment for pipe welding, consumables, process tolerance and skill requirements, weld quality and inspection, process economics, limitations and future developments. This study and comprehensive report compares the economics of the various alternatives. For each process an estimate has been made of the procedural and development costs involved as well as personnel needs and likely production rates.

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Rossi, Rebecca, and Gabrielle David. Field guide to identifying the upper extent of stream channels. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43560.

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The upper extent of a channel is a transition zone from the hillslope to the beginning of the stream channel. Accurately and consistently identifying the upper extent of a channel in the field and locating where hillslope processes transition to stream-channel processes can be a difficult task. Physical characteristics located at the beginning of a channel (i.e., channel head), including geomorphic, sediment, and vegetation indicators, can vary significantly across different landscapes in the United States. Remote tools are useful for examining the upper extent of channels, but these re-mote tools have limitations for identifying the beginning of channels. Even as the resolution of remote data continues to increase, field observations are necessary to validate the remote data on the ground and to accurately and consistently identify and locate the transition from the hillslope to the stream channel. Use of a combination of remote and field evidence is likely the most successful strategy for identifying channel heads. This report presents a case study that demonstrates how a weight-of-evidence approach can combine field and remote evidence to locate the different parts of the transition and ultimately to identify the channel-head location.

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Kokurina, O. Yu. VIABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF THE MODERN STATE: PATTERNS OF PUBLIC-LEGAL ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATION. Kokurina O.Yu., February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/kokurina-21-011-31155.

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The modern understanding of the state as a complex social system allows us to assert that its resilience is based on ensuring systemic homeostasis as a stabilizing dynamic mechanism for resolving contradictions arising in society associated with the threat of losing control over the processes of public administration and legal regulation. Public administration is a kind of social management that ensures the organization of social relations and processes, giving the social system the proper coordination of actions, the necessary orderliness, sustainability and stability. The problem of state resilience is directly related to the resilience of state (public) administration requires a «breakthrough in traditional approaches» and recognition of «the state administration system as an organic system, the constituent parts and elements of which are diverse and capable of continuous self-development». Within the framework of the «organizational point of view» on the control methodology, there are important patterns and features that determine the viability and resilience of public administration and regulation processes in the state and society. These include: W. Ashby's cybernetic law of required diversity: for effective control, the degree of diversity of the governing body must be no less than the degree of diversity of the controlled object; E. Sedov’s law of hierarchical compensations: in complex, hierarchically organized and networked systems, the growth of diversity at the top level in the structure of the system is ensured by a certain limitation of diversity at its lower levels; St. Beer’s principle of invariance of the structure of viable social systems. The study was supported by the RFBR and EISI within the framework of the scientific project No. 21-011-31155.

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