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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Limbic circuit"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 2 листопада 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Limbic circuit"

Mehlman, Max L., Shawn S. Winter, Stephane Valerio, and Jeffrey S. Taube. "Functional and anatomical relationships between the medial precentral cortex, dorsal striatum, and head direction cell circuitry. I. Recording studies." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 350–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00143.2018.

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Head direction (HD) cells fire as a function of the animal’s directional heading and provide the animal with a sense of direction. In rodents, these neurons are located primarily within the limbic system, but small populations of HD cells are found in two extralimbic areas: the medial precentral cortex (PrCM) and dorsal striatum (DS). HD cell activity in these structures could be driven by output from the limbic HD circuit or generated intrinsically. We examined these possibilities by recording the activity of PrCM and DS neurons in control rats and in rats with anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (ADN) lesions, a manipulation that disrupts the limbic HD signal. HD cells in the PrCM and DS of control animals displayed characteristics similar to those of limbic HD cells, and these extralimbic HD signals were eliminated in animals with complete ADN lesions, suggesting that the PrCM and DS HD signals are conveyed from the limbic HD circuit. Angular head velocity cells recorded in the PrCM and DS were unaffected by ADN lesions. Next, we determined if the PrCM and DS convey necessary self-motion signals to the limbic HD circuit. Limbic HD cell activity recorded in the ADN remained intact following combined lesions of the PrCM and DS. Collectively, these experiments reveal a unidirectional functional relationship between the limbic HD circuit and the PrCM and DS; the limbic system generates the HD signal and transmits it to the PrCM and DS, but these extralimbic areas do not provide critical input or feedback to limbic HD cells. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Head direction (HD) cells have been extensively studied within the limbic system. The lesion and recording experiments reported here examined two relatively understudied populations of HD cells located outside of the canonical limbic HD circuit in the medial precentral cortex and dorsal striatum. We found that HD cell activity in these two extralimbic areas is driven by output from the limbic HD circuit, revealing that HD cell circuitry functionally extends beyond the limbic system.

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Joel, Daphna. "The limbic basal-ganglia-thalamocortical circuit and goal-directed behavior." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99292047.

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Depue & Collins's model of incentive-motivational modulation of goal-directed behavior subserved by a medial orbital prefrontal cortical (MOC) network is appealing, but it leaves several questions unanswered: How are the stimuli that elicit an incentive motivational state selected? How does the incentive motivational state created by the MOC network modulate behavior? What is the function of the dopaminergic input to the striatum? This commentary suggests possible answers, based on the open-interconnected model of basal-ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, in which the limbic circuit selects goals and, via its connections with the motor and the associative circuits, directs behavior according to those goals, elaborating on the role of dopamine.

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Kaushal, Parth Sarthi, Brijesh Saran, Abhay Bazaz, and Harshit Tiwari. "A brief review of limbic system anatomy, function, and its clinical implication." Santosh University Journal of Health Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 2024): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sujhs.sujhs_19_24.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: The limbic system, also known as the paleomammalian cortex, is a complex network of brain regions that plays a crucial role in our behavior, memory, and emotional experiences. Objective: This review aims to explore the structure, role, and clinical implications of the limbic system. It also seeks to understand how the concept of the limbic system has evolved over time, from Broca’s large limbic lobe to MacLean’s triune brain theory. Methods: The study involves an in-depth exploration of the limbic system’s constituent parts, including the limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala, septal area, and hypothalamus. It also examines the Papez and Yakovlev circuits, which are vital for emotion control. Result: The limbic system is involved in various processes, including long-term memory, spatial memory, autonomic function regulation, and the regulation of emotional reactions and behaviors. It is also essential for smell, hunger, sleep, dreams, and memory consolidation. The limbic system plays a significant role in several diseases, including epilepsy, limbic encephalitis, dementia, affective disorders, schizophrenia, KluverBucy syndrome, autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Korsakoff’s psychosis, and anxiety disorders. Conclusion: Understanding the functional neuroanatomy of the limbic system is crucial for comprehending human behavior and its anomalies. This review updates the original Papez circuit and emphasizes the role of the limbic system in behavior and neuropsychiatric disorders. It provides valuable insights into a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Mehlman, Max L., Shawn S. Winter, and Jeffrey S. Taube. "Functional and anatomical relationships between the medial precentral cortex, dorsal striatum, and head direction cell circuitry. II. Neuroanatomical studies." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 371–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00144.2018.

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An animal’s directional heading within its environment is encoded by the activity of head direction (HD) cells. In rodents, these neurons are found primarily within the limbic system in the interconnected structures that form the limbic HD circuit. In our accompanying report in this issue, we describe two HD cell populations located outside of this circuit in the medial precentral cortex (PrCM) and dorsal striatum (DS). These extralimbic areas receive their HD signals from the limbic system but do not provide critical input or feedback to limbic HD cells (Mehlman ML, Winter SS, Valerio S, Taube JS. J Neurophysiol 121: 350–370, 2019.). In this report, we complement our previous lesion and recording experiments with a series of neuroanatomical tracing studies in rats designed to examine patterns of connectivity between the PrCM, DS, limbic HD circuit, and related spatial processing circuitry. Retrograde tracing revealed that the DS receives direct input from numerous structures known to contain HD cells and/or other spatially tuned cell types. Importantly, these projections preferentially target and converge within the most medial portion of the DS, the same area in which we previously recorded HD cells. The PrCM receives direct input from a subset of these spatial processing structures. Anterograde tracing identified indirect pathways that could permit the PrCM and DS to convey self-motion information to the limbic HD circuit. These tracing studies reveal the anatomical basis for the functional relationships observed in our lesion and recording experiments. Collectively, these findings expand our understanding of how spatial processing circuitry functionally and anatomically extends beyond the limbic system into the PrCM and DS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Head direction (HD) cells are located primarily within the limbic system, but small populations of extralimbic HD cells are found in the medial precentral cortex (PrCM) and dorsal striatum (DS). The neuroanatomical tracing experiments reported here explored the pathways capable of transmitting the HD signal to these extralimbic areas. We found that projections arising from numerous spatial processing structures converge within portions of the PrCM and DS that contain HD cells.

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Frenois, F. "A Specific Limbic Circuit Underlies Opiate Withdrawal Memories." Journal of Neuroscience 25, no. 6 (February 9, 2005): 1366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.3090-04.2005.

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Kalin, Ned H. "Prefrontal Cortical and Limbic Circuit Alterations in Psychopathology." American Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19101036.

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Gabriel, Michael, and David M. Smith. "What does the limbic memory circuit actually do?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (June 1999): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99282039.

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We applaud Aggleton & Brown's affirmation of limbic diencephalic-hippocampal interaction as a key memory substrate. However, we do not agree with a thesis of diencephalic-hippocampal strict dedication to episodic memory. Instead, this circuitry supports the production of context-specific patterns of activation that subserve retrieval for a broad class of memory phenomena, including goal-directed instrumental behavior of animals and episodic memory of humans.

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Pleil, K. E., J. F. DiBerto, A. M. Kendra, A. Shirke, S. Chien, and T. L. Kash. "A thalamo-limbic neuropeptide circuit driving binge drinking behavior." Alcohol 60 (May 2017): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.02.269.

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Panzer, Annie, and Margaretha Viljoen. "The mother as hidden regulator." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 22, no. 4 (September 26, 2003): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v22i4.218.

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A human baby is born with a decidedly immature brain, and is absolutely dependent on an intense relationship with its mother (or primary caregiver) for brain maturation. In the short term, maternal regulation contributes to a more joyful baby, while in the long term it leads to the internalisation and development of self-regulatory capabilities. The ability to regulate one’s own emotional states is based on the development of right orbitofrontal dominance of dual limbic circuits, i.e. the excitatory sympathetic ventral tegmental circuit, and the inhibitory parasympathetic lateral tegmental circuit. Thus the child will be able to calm down after nigh overwhelming emotions by activating the parasympathetic system, but also to bounce back after setbacks by activating the sympathetic system. The mother influences the parcellation of the two limbic systems and thus the permanent excitation-inhibition autonomic balance of its prefrontal regulatory system. Repeated unregulated emotional states in the practicing period from 12-18 months pave the way for various psychological and psychiatric disorders in adulthood. It is worrisome that many children pass through this critical time in nursery schools, where a shortage of adult staff may lead to the scenario where a child’s emotions are repeatedly not modulated, with dire consequences for the internalisation of its future self-regulating capabilities.

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Keser, Zafer, Arash Kamali, Kyan Younes, Paul E. Schulz, Flavia M. Nelson, and Khader M. Hasan. "Yakovlev's Basolateral Limbic Circuit in Multiple Sclerosis Related Cognitive Impairment." Journal of Neuroimaging 28, no. 6 (June 12, 2018): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jon.12531.

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Дисертації з теми "Limbic circuit"

Comte, Magali. "Neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle du circuit cortico-limbique lors du traitement émotionnel chez le patient schizophrène et le volontaire sain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5071/document.

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Au sein du circuit cortico-limbique, des régions complémentaires seraient impliquées soit dans l’évaluation soit dans la régulation des états affectifs. Cependant, la contribution respective de ces mécanismes «bottom-up» et «top-down» lors du traitement émotionnel reste à clarifier. Premièrement, nous avons validé un nouveau paradigme d’IRMf conçu pour dissocier les composants du circuit cortico-limbique, c.-à-d. le circuit dorsal cognitif entrecroisé avec le circuit ventral affectif. Nous avons trouvé que l’amygdale et ses connexions avec le circuit dorsal étaient engagées par le traitement émotionnel bottom-up. Le cortex cingulaire antérieur (CCA) dorsal et ses connexions avec le cortex préfrontal dorso-latéral (CPFDL) et l’amygdale étaient recrutés par la résolution top-down du conflit émotionnel. Le CPFDL et ses connexions avec le CCA dorsal étaient engagés par le contrôle attentionnel top-down. Puis, nous avons examiné l’impact de l’anxiété sur le circuit. Nous avons montré qu’une forte anxiété était associée à une activation plus importante du CCA en réponse au conflit émotionnel mais à une connectivité réduite entre CCA et CPFL. Enfin, nous avons examiné la variation d’activité et de connectivité fonctionnelle chez des patients schizophrènes. Chez les patients comparativement aux témoins, les processus bottom-up étaient associés à une interaction réduite entre l’amygdale et le CCA ventral et dorsal ainsi que le CPFDL. La résolution du conflit émotionnel entraînait une plus forte connectivité entre CCA dorsal et CCA ventral ainsi que le CPFDL. L’augmentation du contrôle attentionnel provoquait une connectivité plus importante entre le CPFDL et le CCA ventral
Within the cortico-limbic circuit, complementary regions are believed to be involved in either the appraisal or the regulation of affective state. However, the respective contribution of these bottom-up and top-down mechanisms during emotion processing remains to be clarified. First, we validated a new fMRI paradigm designed to dissociate the components of the cortico-limbic circuit, that is, the dorsal cognitive circuit intertwined with the ventral affective circuit. We found that the amygdala and its connections to the dorsal circuit was engaged by bottom-up emotional processing. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its connections to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and amygdala, was recruited by top-down resolution of emotional conflict. The DLPFC and its connections to dorsal ACC was engaged by top-down attentional control. Secondly, we investigated the impact of anxiety on the circuit. We demonstrated that higher levels of anxiety were associated with stronger conflict-related activation in ACC but with reduced connectivity between ACC and LPFC. Finally, we examined the variation in functional activity and connectivity in schizophrenia patients. In patients compared to controls, bottom-up processes were associated with reduced functional interaction between the amygdala and both dorsal and ventral ACC as well as DLPFC. Top-down resolution of emotional conflict led to stronger functional connectivity between the dorsal ACC and both ventral parts of ACC and DLPFC. Increased top-down attentional control caused higher functional coupling between the DLPFC and ventral ACC

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Carey, Guillaume. "Imaging anxiety in Parkinson's disease." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2024/2024ULILS023.pdf.

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L'anxiété dans la maladie de Parkinson (MP) est un symptôme non-moteur fréquent et invalidant dont la prise en charge est difficile. La faible connaissance des mécanismes impliqués est une limite à sa prise en charge. L'objectif de ce travail était d'identifier les mécanismes sous-jacents de l'anxiété liée à la MP, via une approche IRM cérébrale multimodale.Une revue systématique de la littérature portant sur les données d'imagerie dans l'anxiété liée à la MP a d'abord été réalisée, permettant de générer de premières hypothèses. Ensuite, plusieurs études incluant des analyses en IRM cérébrale structurale et fonctionnelle ont été menées chez des patients atteints de MP et présentant ou non une anxiété cliniquement significative. Nos analyses se sont focalisées sur le circuit de la peur, connu pour être impliqué dans les troubles anxieux, et le circuit cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical limbique, connu pour son implication dans les symptômes psycho-comportementaux de la MP.Nos résultats suggèrent que l'anxiété liée à la MP serait la conséquence d'un déséquilibre fonctionnel et structural entre ces deux circuits. Certaines structures communes, comme le thalamus, le striatum ou les noyaux du tronc cérébral, pourraient être des zones clés dont l'altération pourrait expliquer la forte prévalence de ces troubles dans la MP. D'autres travaux s'appuyant notamment sur les avancées technologiques en imagerie et sur de nouveaux concepts concernant la physiopathologie de la MP, seront nécessaires pour répondre à ces questions
Anxiety in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent and disabilitating non-motor symptom. It is difficult to manage, partly due to a poor knowledge of the underlying mechanisms. The objective of this thesis was to identify the underlying mechanisms of PD-related anxiety, using multimodal brain MRI.A systematic review of the literature on imaging data in PD-related anxiety was first carried out, allowing the generation of initial hypotheses. Then, several studies including structural and functional brain MRI analyses were carried out in PD patients with or without clinically significant anxiety. Our analyses focused on the fear circuit, known to be involved in anxiety disorders and fear processing, and the limbic cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, known for its involvement in the neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD.Our results suggest that PD-related anxiety is the consequence of a functional and structural imbalance between these two circuits. Certain overlapping structures, such as the thalamus, the striatum or the brainstem nuclei, could be key areas whose alteration could explain the high prevalence of these disorders in PD. Further works based in particular on technological advances in imaging and new concepts concerning the pathophysiology of PD will be necessary to answer the remaining questions

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Parkinson, John Anthony. "Limbic cortico-striatal circuitry underlying Pavlovian associative learning." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625012.

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Buscher, Nathalie. "Cognition and the balance of excitation and inhibition in mouse cortico-limbic circuits." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.690894.

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The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC} and hippocampus (HPC} are central to executive control, spatial learning and working memory. In order to enable behavioral control, the function of the mPFC and HPC is tuned by complex interplay between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmitter systems. This thesis has employed lesions, pharmacological and optogenetic methodologies to investigate how the relationship between excitation and inhibition within the adult mouse mPFC and HPC affects cognition, using a battery of touchscreen-based operant assays: the automated spatial array task (ASAT), Spatial Reversal (SR) and Visual Discrimination (VD). Behavioral testing following excitotoxic lesions showed that the HPC was strongly implicated in the performance of both spatial tests (ASAT and SR), while removal of the mPFC had only marginal effects on learning with several trends that did not reach significance. Additionally, in VD, effects were only present as trends towards an involvement of the mPFC in formations of new stimulus-reward relationships. Interdependent processing spanning the mPFC and HPC while not directly assessed can be considered likely to explain complex changes in task performance. Using the described assays helped validate their application to test mPFC and HPC function in mice.

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Zhu, Ning. "Advances in Non-Foster Circuit Augmented, Broad Bandwidth, Metamaterial-Inspired, Electrically Small Antennas." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581683.

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ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
There are always some intrinsic tradeoffs among the performance characteristics: radiation efficiency, directivity, and bandwidth, of electrically small antennas (ESAs). A non-Foster enhanced, broad bandwidth, metamaterial-inspired, electrically small, Egyptian axe dipole (EAD) antenna has been successfully designed and measured to overcome two of these restrictions. By incorporating a non-Foster circuit internally in the near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) element, the bandwidth of the resulting electrically small antenna was enhanced significantly. The measured results show that the 10 dB bandwidth (BW10dB) of the non-Foster circuit-augmented EAD antenna is more than 6 times the original BW10dB value of the corresponding passive EAD antenna.

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Borkowski, M. (Maciej). "Digital Δ-Σ Modulation:variable modulus and tonal behaviour in a fixed-point digital environment". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514289101.

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Abstract Digital delta-sigma modulators are used in a broad range of modern electronic sub-systems, including oversampled digital-to-analogue converters, class-D amplifiers and fractional-N frequency synthesizers. This work addresses a well known problem of unwanted spurious tones in the modulator’s output spectrum. When a delta-sigma modulator works with a constant input, the output signal can be periodic, where short periods lead to strong deterministic tones. In this work we propose means for guaranteeing that the output period will never be shorter than a prescribed minimum value for all constant inputs. This allows a relationship to be formulated between the modulator’s bus width and the spurious-free range, thereby making it possible to trade output spectrum quality for hardware consumption. The second problem addressed in this thesis is related to the finite accuracy of frequencies generated in delta-sigma fractional-N frequency synthesis. The synthesized frequencies are usually approximated with an accuracy that is dependent on the modulator’s bus width. We propose a solution which allows frequencies to be generated exactly and removes the problem of a constant phase drift. This solution, which is applicable to a broad range of digital delta-sigma modulator architectures, replaces the traditionally used truncation quantizer with a variable modulus quantizer. The modulus, provided by a separate input, defines the denominator of the rational output mean. The thesis concludes with a practical example of a delta-sigma modulator used in a fractional-N frequency synthesizer designed to meet the strict accuracy requirements of a GSM base station transceiver. Here we optimize and compare a traditional modulator and a variable modulus design in order to minimize hardware consumption. The example illustrates the use made of the relationship between the spurious-free range and the modulator’s bus width, and the practical use of the variable modulus functionality.

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Berg, Junker Maria Constance. "Neural correlates of romantic love and romantic attachment." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16055.

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In the field of neuroscience, being in love and feeling romantically attached to a partner is described as a dynamic process. Romantic love may be viewed as a motivational system, changing throughout time and place, fluctuating on the interest and motivation of the individual. Early memories and attachment towards a caregiver, lay the foundation for later attachment behavior, also known as attachment styles. In this thesis, an exploratory approach is present. The thesis aims to introduce and describe the neural correlates of romantic love and romantic attachment. Brain regions concerned with reward, emotion and thought processing, such as the reward circuitry network of the brain and the limbic system, are being investigated. So are other brain areas involved in romantic love and romantic attachment. Research findings suggest that brain areas responsible for affection, emotional control, learning, memory and social judgment are all involved in the complex processes of being in love and feeling romantically attached. These findings are represented by the involvement of the frontal lobe, cerebral cortex, limbic system, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), caudate tail, including the reward pathways of the brain. Distribution and regulation of neurotransmitters such as; vasopressin, oxytocin, dopamine, corticosterone and serotonin are all present in the state of romantic attachment and romantic love. Overlapping evidence confirms the involvement of the reward circuitry network, together with the limbic system as crucial in the formation and maintenance of a romantic relationship.

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Jebari, Salha. "The inelastic Cooper pair tunneling amplifier (ICTA)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY036/document.

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Les amplificateurs paramétriques Josephson (JPA) se sont révélés être un outil indispensablepour l’étude expérimentale de dispositifs quantiques dans le régime micro-onde ; car ilsrajoutent uniquement le minimum de bruit imposé par la mécanique quantique[1]. Cependant,ces amplificateurs sont beaucoup plus difficiles à utiliser et optimiser que leurs homologuesclassiques. Récemment, plusieurs expériences réalisées avec des circuits supraconducteurs,composés d’une jonction Josephson polarisée en tension en série avec un résonateur microonde,ont montré qu’une paire de Cooper peut traverser la barrière de la jonction par effettunnel en émettant un ou plusieurs photons avec une énergie totale de 2e fois la tensionappliquée. Dans cette thèse, nous montrerons qu’un tel circuit permet de mettre en place unamplificateur micro-onde préservant la phase que nous appelons « Amplificateur basé sur letunneling inélastique de paires de Cooper » (ICTA). Il est alimenté par une tension continueet peut fonctionner avec un bruit très proche de la limite quantique.Nous commencerons en présentant le principe du fonctionnement de l’ICTA. Par analogieavec la théorie quantique des JPAs[2], nous avons étudié les performances de cet amplificateurcomme le gain, la bande passante et le bruit. Ensuite, nous présenterons la premièrepreuve expérimentale d’une amplification proche de la limite quantique sans utilisation d’unepompe micro-onde externe, mais simplement d’une tension continue dans une configurationextrêmement simple. Ces mesures ont été faites sur des échantillons avec des jonctionsen aluminium, dénommés ICTA de première génération. Selon nos résultats théoriques etexpérimentaux, nous avons conçu des circuits hyperfréquences où l’impédance présentéeà la jonction dépend de fréquences spécifiques afin d’optimiser les performances de notreamplificateur. Ces échantillons, dénommés ICTA de seconde génération, ont été fabriquésavec du nitrure de niobium. Une amélioration significative du gain et du bruit a été prouvée.Un tel amplificateur, alimenté par une simple tension continue, pourrait rendre la mesurede signaux micro-ondes au niveau du photon unique beaucoup plus faciles et permettred’intégrer plusieurs amplificateurs sur une seule puce. Il pourrait donc être un élémentimportant pour la lecture de qubit dans les processeurs quantiques à grande échelle
Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPA), have proven to be an indispensable tool for awide range of experiments on quantum devices in the microwave frequency regime, becausethey provide the lowest possible noise. However, JPAs remain much more difficult to use andoptimize than conventional microwave amplifiers. Recent experiments with superconductingcircuits consisting of a DC voltage-biased Josephson junction in series with a resonator,showed that a tunneling Cooper pair can emit one or several photons with a total energyof 2e times the applied voltage. In this thesis we show that such q circuit can be used toimplement a new type of phase preserving microwave amplifier, which we call InelasticCooper pair Tunneling Amplifier (ICTA). It is powered by a simple DC bias and offers nearquantum-limited noise performance.We start this work by presenting a brief and simple picture of the basic ICTA operatingprinciples. In analogy with the quantum theory of JPAs, we calculate the performances ofthis amplifier such as the gain, bandwidth and noise. Then, we present the first experimentalproof that amplification close to the quantum limit is possible without microwave drive inan extremely simple setup. These measurements are made on a first generation of samplesbased on aluminium junctions. According to our theoretical and experimental results, wehave designed microwave circuits presenting specific frequency-dependent impedances tothe junction in order to optimize the performances of our amplifier. This second generationof ICTA samples is fabricated from niobium nitride and provide significantly lower noiseand higher gain.We expect that once fully optimized, such an amplifier, powered by simple DC voltagescould then make measuring microwave signals at the single photon level much easier andallow to deploy many amplifiers on a chip. It could therefore be an important ingredient forqubit readout in large-scale quantum processors

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Nevřivý, Tomáš. "Kompaktní měnič pro BLDC motor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219927.

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The work describes the design and implementation of compact inverter for brushless DC motor, which have mechanical power 600 W and rated torque 1.6 Nm. Motor is designed for DC link voltage with value 300 V. The focus is placed on the cost and simplicity. On this basis, the inverter is designed for uses single purpose power and control circuit. The power part is solved using a circuit FSBB15CH60C. The circuit is placed on a separate board of power electronics. Cooling of the power circuit is performed by the surface structure of BLDC motor. Control of the inverter ensures circuits LB11696V and NE566. The both circuits are placed on separate board of control electronics. Circuit LB11696V contains a control algorithm, as well as protections, which are necessary for safe operation of the inverter. Power supply of electronics is performed using step-down converter from MYRRA company.

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Carvalho, Ana Raquel Franky Gomes. "Modulation of limbic noradrenergic circuits by cannabinoids." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/11751.

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Tese de doutoramento Medicina
The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in the regulation of several physiological functions. The widespread distribution of the endocannabinoid system in the central nervous system (CNS) accounts for many effects attributed to cannabinoids. Importantly, cannabinoids have been shown to modulate mood, cognition and memory. There is growing evidence suggesting that cannabinoids can interact with the noradrenergic system. Noradrenergic transmission in the CNS has also been implicated in the regulation of mood, cognition and memory. In the present work, the hypothesis that cannabinoids can impact noradrenergic transmission in the limbic system was examined. Firstly, localization of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1r) was performed in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) and in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), using immunohistochemical techniques, to clarify the anatomical substrates underlying potential interactions. It was shown that CB1r is present in noradrenergic neurons of the NTS. In addition, CB1r was found in the Acb but rarely in noradrenergic terminals. Furthermore, the effects of cannabinoid administration on adrenergic receptor (AR) expression in the Acb were studied. Western blot analysis of accumbal tissue revealed that exogenous administration of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 decreases α2A- and β1-AR expression. Finally, the importance of norepinephrine (NE) in cannabinoid-induced behaviors was tested. Using the place conditioning paradigm and the elevated zero maze (EZM), the effects of cannabinoids on aversion and anxiety, respectively, were tested following depletion or blockade of noradrenergic transmission in the Acb or in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Using an immunotoxin approach, NE depletion restricted to the Acb, but not BNST, blocked the expression of aversion to WIN 55,212-2. Depletion of NE had no effect on WIN 55,212-2-induced anxiety. Moreover, the fact that blockade of β1-AR in the Acb prevents WIN 55,212-2-induced aversion suggests that noradrenergic transmission via β1-AR is critical for eliciting this behavior. In conclusion, the present work provides new evidence supporting the idea that cannabinoids can impact noradrenergic transmission in the limbic system. In addition, cannabinoid-induced aversion is dependent on intact noradrenergic transmission in the Acb. Taken together, the studies provide herein clarify the anatomical and neurochemical substrates for cannabinoid actions in the CNS.
O sistema endocanabinóide tem sido implicado na regulação de várias funções fisiológicas. A dispersa distribuição do sistema endocanabinóide no sistema nervoso central (SNC) explica os muitos efeitos atribuídos aos canabinóides. De realçar que tem sido demonstrado que os canabinóides modelam o humor, cognição e memória. Existe uma crescente evidência sugerindo uma interacção entre o sistema endocanabinóide e o sistema noradrenérgico. Por seu lado, transmissão noradrenérgica no SNC tem sido implicada na regulação do humor, cognição e memória. No presente trabalho, a hipótese de que os canabinóides podem afectar a transmissão noradrenérgica no sistema límbico foi examinada. Inicialmente, a localização do receptor dos canabinóides tipo 1 (CB1r) no núcleo accumbens (Acb) e no núcleo do tracto solitário (NTS) foi efectuada utilizando técnicas de imunohistoquímica, de forma a clarificar os substratos anatómicos subjacente a potenciais interacções. Foi demonstrado que CB1r está presente em neurónios noradrenérgicos do NTS. Para além disso, CB1r foi encontrado no Acb mas raramente em terminais noradrenérgicos. Adicionalmente, os efeitos da administração de canabinóides na expressão de receptores adrenérgicos no Acb foram estudados. Análise por western blot de tecido do Acb revelou que administração exógenea do canabinóide sintético WIN 55,212-2 diminui a expressão dos receptores adrenérgicos α2A e β1. Finalmente, a importância da noradrenalina (NA) nos comportamentos induzidos pelos canabinóides foi testada. Utilizando o paradigma de “place conditioning” e o teste “elevated zero maze” (EZM), os efeitos dos canabinóides na aversão e anxiedade foram testados após depleção ou bloqueio da transmissão noradrenérgica no Acb ou no núcleo da estria terminalis (BNST). Utilizando uma imunotoxina, a depleção restrita de NA no Acb, mas não no BNST, bloqueou a aversão ao WIN 55,212-2. Enquanto que depleção de NA não teve nenhum efeito na anxiedade provocada por WIN 55,212- 2. Mais, o facto de o bloqueio do receptor adrenérgico β1 no Acb prevenir a aversão induzida por WIN 55,212-2 sugere que a transmissão noradrenérgica via este receptor é fundamental para a expressão deste comportamento. Em conclusão, o presente trabalho fornece nova evidência suportando a ideia de que os canabinóides podem afectar a transmissão noradrenérgica no sistema límbico. Mais, a aversão induzida por canabinóides é dependente da transmissão noradrenérgica no Acb. Em conjunto, os estudos apresentados neste trabalho esclarecem os substratos anatómicos e neuroquímicos das acções dos canabinóides no SNC.

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Книги з теми "Limbic circuit"

1952-, Kalivas Peter W., and Barnes Charles D. 1935-, eds. Limbic motor circuits and neuropsychiatry. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.

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Robert, Philippe, Elsa Leone, Hélène Amieva, and David Renaud. Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on the behavioural and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and the different approaches clinicians can take in their treatment of the condition. The behavioural and psychological symptoms are defined as primary manifestations of cerebral dysfunction, and appear specifically as a result of damage to a system or circuit such as the limbic system or the cortico-subcortical circuits. During the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, the presence of at least one BPSD is common and can vary, depending especially on the severity of the dementia-related syndrome at the time of diagnosis. Management of BPSD should preferentially be based on non-pharmacologic approaches first. Pharmacologic treatments should constitute second line treatment and are to be prescribed only after assessment of the individual risk:benefit ratio.

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Kalivas, Peter W., and Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Edited by Peter W. Kalivas and Charles D. Barnes. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429274411.

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Kalivas, Peter W., and Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Kalivas, Peter W., and Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Kalivas, Peter W., and Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Kalivas, Peter W., and Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Kalivas, Peter W., and Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Fisch, Adam. Limbic and Olfactory Systems. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199845712.003.0276.

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Chapter 21 discusses the limbic and olfactory systems, including parts 1 and 2 of the limbic system, the anatomy and circuitry of the hippocampus, parts 1 and 2 of the olfactory system, and parts 1 and 2 of the olfactory cortex and basal forebrain.

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MacNamara, Annmarie, and K. Luan Phan. Prefrontal-Limbic Brain Circuitry and the Regulation of Emotion. Edited by Israel Liberzon and Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0009.

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The ability to regulate emotion promotes mental well-being in health and is disrupted in psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prefrontal cortex (PFC)—a region of the brain involved in executive function, behavioral coordination, and cognitive control—is particularly important in implementing the regulation of emotional response. This chapter reviews a decade and a half of neuroscientific research that has made considerable progress in advancing understanding of the neural basis of emotion regulation. This work, conducted in healthy individuals, provides a platform from which to understand the neural basis of emotion dysregulation that characterizes disorders like PTSD. Therefore, the proposed model could serve as a basis for explaining the etiology and/or maintenance of PTSD. The chapter concludes by summarizing the main findings and highlighting areas that need more work, including translation into the clinical domain.

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Частини книг з теми "Limbic circuit"

Leo, Jonathan. "Limbic Circuit and Lesions." In Medical Neuroanatomy for the Boards and the Clinic, 91–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88835-0_11.

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Ruiyong, Wu. "Papez Circuit and Limbic System." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6000-2_42-1.

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Leo, Jonathan. "The Limbic Circuit, Learning, Memory, and How the Brain Works." In Medical Neuroanatomy for the Boards and the Clinic, 131–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41123-6_11.

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Braak, Heiko, and Eva Braak. "Alzheimer Neuropathology and Limbic Circuits." In Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus, 606–26. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6704-6_22.

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Groenewegen, Henk J., Pieter Voorn, and Jørgen Scheel-Krüger. "Limbic-Basal Ganglia Circuits Parallel and Integrative Aspects." In Innovations in Cognitive Neuroscience, 11–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42743-0_2.

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Canteras, Newton S., Dayu Lin, and Joshua G. Corbin. "Development of Limbic System Stress-Threat Circuitry." In Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology, 317–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40002-6_12.

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Aluf, Ofer. "Optoisolation Circuits with Limit Cycles." In Advance Elements of Optoisolation Circuits, 1–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55316-0_1.

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Blatt, Gene J., Adrian L. Oblak, and Jeremy D. Schmahmann. "Cerebellar Connections with Limbic Circuits: Anatomy and Functional Implications." In Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 479–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_22.

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Micevych, Paul, and Kevin Sinchak. "The Neurochemistry of Limbic-Hypothalamic Circuits Regulating Sexual Receptivity." In Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, 151–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30405-2_4.

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Schmahmann, Jeremy D., Adrian L. Oblak, and Gene J. Blatt. "Cerebellar Connections with Limbic Circuits: Anatomy and Functional Implications." In Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97911-3_22-2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Limbic circuit"

Fyrillas, Andreas, Olivier Faure, Nicolas Maring, Jean Senellart, and Nadia Belabas. "High-Fidelity Quantum Information Processing with Machine Learning-Characterized Photonic Circuits." In Quantum 2.0, QW4A.1. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/quantum.2024.qw4a.1.

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Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are attractive platforms for manipulating quantum light. Imperfections limit the fidelity of photonically integrated quantum information protocols. We use machine learning and a clear box approach to characterize large PICs and mitigate imperfections, achieving high-fidelity for scalable implementations.

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Zhang, Junyin, Zihan Li, Johann Riemensberger, Grigory Lihachev, Guanhao Huang, and Tobias J. Kippenberg. "Observation of fundamental charge noise in electro-optic photonic integrated circuits." In CLEO: Science and Innovations, STh3F.2. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sth3f.2.

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We observed a novel 1/f-type frequency noise in Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate microresonators, distinct from thermorefractive noise and originating from thermodynamic charge fluctuations. Our results establish electrical Johnson-Nyquist noise as the fundamental refractive noise limit for Pockels integrated photonics.

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Gómez-Carreño, Carlos Rodríguez, Antonio Ramírez García, Luis Beato Fernández, Irene Díaz Quero, and Estefanía Segura Escobar. "Craving and Priming of alcohol in depressive disorders. Bibliographic review and new therapies." In 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020p140.

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Acute alcohol consumption produces positive reinforcement effects, through activation of brain reward circuit, includes limbic system structures (accumbens system and hippocampus). The comorbidity of depressive episode and alcohol abuse makes it necessary to propose new strategies for the treatment of this frequent clinical situation. We conducted a literature review of the combined treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) with alcohol abuse. We review current literature on the use of new treatments in alcohol consumption with pattern of abuse (binge drinking). Recent studies support the potential clinical importance of NMDA receptor antagonism among the mechanisms underlying the subjective effects of ethanol in humans. The efficacy of medications for alcohol dependence remains modest, and there are no strong clinical predictors of treatment response. We analyze approved medications used today: Acamprosate (NMDA modulator), disulfiram (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor), naltrexone (opioid antagonist), nalmefene (opioid antagonist). Promising current studies suggest the glutamatergic pathway and medications such as ketamine could have a hopeful future in the treatment of alcohol use disorder associated with affective disorders.

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Căruntu-Caraman, Livia. "Utilizarea englezismelor în limba română în contexte adecvate." In Conferinta stiintifica nationala cu participare internationala „Lecturi in memoriam acad. Silviu Berejan”. “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/lecturi.2021.05.05.

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Actualmente, limba engleză oferă un inedit prototip de socializare internațională, delegându-și mijloace de exprimare în cele mai multe limbi ale lumii. Prin comunicare mediatică, deschisă tuturor înnoirilor lexicale, cuvinte de origine engleză pătrund și în limba română, căutându-și locul adecvat în diferite contexte. Englezismele sunt o realitate, o atestare actuală a evoluţiei limbii noastre. Ele își demonstrează funcționalitatea în comunicare, iar reiterativitatea în circuit le marchează însăşi utilitatea lor. În lucrarea de față, urmărim încadrarea englezismelor din varii domenii de activitate în diferite pasaje. Cercetăm relevanța lor în exemple concrete, gradul de necesitate, de adaptare, de corectitudine, dar și frecvența utilizării acestora în mass-media. Astfel, vom constata interactivitatea dintre nivelul dezvoltării limbii române și utilizatorii ei care contribuie la îmbogățirea și modernizarea vocabularului nostru, pentru a ne realiza pe scară internațională.

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Tajima, Yuki, Hiroshi Hosaka, and Yoshinori Oonishi. "Study on Motor-Driven Gyroscopic Generator: Part 2 — Self-Acceleration by Power Feedback." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86444.

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A motor-driven gyroscopic generator was developed that self-accelerates by power feedback. In a previous report, power generation of 1.8 W was confirmed, but an external power source was used to drive the spin motor. In this research, a method is presented to apply the power generated from the precession movement to the spin motor. It enables not only eliminating the power source but also accelerates the spin velocity. To achieve acceleration, however, the feedback circuit must boost the generated voltage since the counter voltage of the spin motor also increases with its velocity. Also, there is an optimum boosting rate that depends on the spin velocity. In this paper, first, a circuit equivalent to the gyro-generator system is presented and the coil resistance of the generator is shown to limit the highest boosting rate. Next, the rotor accelerating characteristics of four boosting circuits are compared. Electrical boosting is shown to have the same effect as mechanical impedance control. A numerical simulation is conducted and the power acceleration by boosting is also verified. Finally, a prototype generator is developed. The validity of theoretical results is verified and an output power of 0.1 W is obtained.

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Chen, Yung-Tin, and Steve Radigan. "Pushing KrF photolithography limit for 3D integrated circuit." In Microlithography 2004, edited by Bruce W. Smith. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.544386.

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Gregory, George, and Kevin J. Lippert. "Applying LV Circuit Breakers to Limit Arc Energy." In Conference Record of 2007 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/papcon.2007.4286293.

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Zhao, Yilun, Yu Chen, He Li, Ying Wang, Kaiyan Chang, Bingmeng Wang, Bing Li, and Yinhe Han. "Full State Quantum Circuit Simulation Beyond Memory Limit." In 2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccad57390.2023.10323666.

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Tiwari, Ankit, Trevor Davey, and Matthew Willis. "CFD Analysis of Transient Heat Conduction in the Electronic Control Circuitry of Steering Wheel Column Adjustment System." In ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2021-63973.

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Abstract Automotive grade 3 electronic components are expected to meet their functional, performance and thermal safety requirements within the ambient temperature range from −40-degree C to +85-degree C. In this study, CFD and thermal analysis of electronic control circuitry of a power steering wheel column adjustment system is performed. It consists of 6 MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor Field Effect Transistor) packaged in 3 Dual package MOSFET casings (Q6, Q7 and Q8) that are arranged in two H-bridge configurations for dependent control of the two motors. Two of these MOSFETs cause thermal power dissipation during the normal operation of the system. There are also other thermally significant devices such as a reverse polarity protection MOSFET (Q1), two inductors used in a low pass filter and one current sense resistor. Because of cost and packaging limitations, there are no external heat sinks to enhance heat transfer. The components will rely on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and plated-through-holes/thermal vias for heat transfer to maintain operation within the thermal safety limits. The inherent transient nature of operation of the power steering wheel column adjustment system causes the circuit to draw high current for a short duration of time. This necessitates temperature dependent heat source formulation. In this study, an initial CFD study was performed to assess the thermal safety of all the electronic components in the control circuitry. It was found that the electronic components such as MOSFETs and inductors were below the maximum operating junction temperature under the hot limit condition (+85degree C) for the entire duration of operation. However, under the cold limit condition (−40-degree C), both the MOSFETs and the inductors were significantly hotter than the maximum junction temperature. Based on CFD results, the sizing and placement of thermal vias may be optimized. Further, a comparative analysis was performed to assess the different levels of fidelity offered by lumped PCB model, multi-layer PCB model and explicit modeling of thermal vias in PCB.

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Wang, Ning, Ying Zhang, Enguang Qi, and Yue Cheng. "An LDO Current Limit Protection Circuit With Hiccup Mode." In 2023 8th International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems (ICICM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicm59499.2023.10365917.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Limbic circuit"

Haight, Richard A., Brian E. McCandless, Andrew C. Kummel, and Roy G. Gordon. Driving CZTS to the SQ Limit: Solving the Open Circuit Voltage Problem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1335851.

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