Готові списки джерел за темами / Legal techniques

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Legal techniques"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Legal techniques":

Goodrich, P., and L. J. Moran. "Teaching legal techniques." Law Teacher 20, no. 2 (January 1986): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069400.1986.9992663.

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Ellinger, E. P., and K. J. Keith. "Legal Research: Techniques and Ideas." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 30, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v30i2.6000.

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This paper was prepared for the conference of New Zealand University Law Teachers held at Massey University in November 1977. Though the authors here make no special claims originality or great insight, the many ideas developed, particularly when taken together with Professor Campbell's trenchant piece on legal writing and John Thomas' more recent article on legal education (both reprinted in this volume), which stresses the relationship between teaching and research, will be of value to the increasing numbers of lawyers engaged in research.

Davranov, Akmal Akramjonovich. "TECHNIQUES TO TEACH LAW TERMS IN ENGLISH LESSONS." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-12-41.

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The article discusses the features of teaching legal vocabulary in English to law students. When studying English, students of law faculties have many difficulties, since it is necessary to master not only the basic level of the language, but also the special legal terminology used in the practice of the legal language. To do this, students need to be introduced not only to grammar and vocabulary, but also to the specifics of the legal realities international legal systems. Legal terminology reflects the legal culture of every country.

GREEN, G. S. M. "LEGAL TECHNIQUES AND MEDICAL VALUE JUDGMENTS*." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 17, no. 1 (February 1987): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1987.tb05065.x.

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Curson, R. "New Reproductive Techniques: A Legal Perspective." Journal of Medical Ethics 15, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.15.4.221-a.

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Stratij, Oleksii, and Andrii Shevchuk. "Techniques of legal writing: contemporary realities." Aktual’ni problemi pravoznavstva 1, no. 3 (2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/app2022.03.029.

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Mal’ko, Alexander V. "Legal techniques and legal technology: the complex nature of the interaction." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 7 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520020992-2.

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The article examines the nature of the interaction of legal technology and legal technology, analyzes international experience on the regulation of the practical application of this toolkit. Legal technology is a special branch of scientific knowledge, with the help of which transformations in law are carried out and it is possible to plan processes for achieving legal prospects in order to implement the most effective and systematic legal practice. The authors theoretically substantiate the process-instrumental nature of legal activity and show that at each stage, stage, certain legal and technical resources are consistently applied. It is possible to deliberately influence legal validity if one chooses not only the type of legal activity, specific procedural and procedural actions, but also correctly selected resources of legal technology. The need for technological support is especially acute when it is necessary to influence complex legal entities in order to optimize management decisions and reduce legal risks from technical and legal and legal technological errors. The authors conclude that one of the significant reasons for the vulnerability of legal activity is the unresolved issue of normative regulation of the requirements of legal technology and the lack of synchronization between legal technology and technology. In this regard, the phenomena associated with the growth of defects in law, a decrease in the technical and legal quality of legislation and the growth of legal anomalies are exacerbated. A significant strategic task is the active interaction of legal policy and legal technology, which will provide the prerequisites for moving to a new level of legal development design. In this aspect, legal technology allows you to implement strategic tasks, create the necessary legal reality. Promising authors see the use of modern information technologies in the legal sphere, which will positively affect the growth of the quality of the legal life of society, the protection of rights and freedoms, ensuring a stable law and order and national security of Russia.

Baranova, Marina V., Olga B. Kuptsova, Sergey N. Belyasov, and Arturas S. Valentonis. "Culture of legal techniques: key dominants in the modern Russian legal system." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 71 (December 25, 2022): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.33.

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The article is dedicated to the conceptual and specific analysis of the emergence of the culture of legal techniques under the conditions of a new technological form. The identification and analysis of key types of culture of legal techniques, allows to show their specificity following typological groups. Its systemic unity, which has its specificities, can be considered as the second dominant of the culture of legal techniques. The article further offers a primary doctrinal definition of the concept of culture of legal techniques based on the identified dominant characteristics and manifestations of the culture of legal techniques, studied in the context of the search for ways of effective functioning of the system of power and powerless principles in the Russian legal system. This phenomenon is in the formation stage. The authors have used dialectical, historical-political, formal-legal, and comparative-legal methods. It is concluded that a promising systematic understanding of the essence and meaning of the culture of legal techniques will help to improve the legal culture as a whole and thus increase the effectiveness of the law in modern society.

Brierley, Gerry, Wilson Ozuem, and Geoff Lancaster. "Subconscious marketing communication techniques and legal implications." Journal of Decision Systems 29, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1752047.

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Caplan, Bruce. "Legal Neurology and Malingering: Cases and Techniques." Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 10, no. 1 (February 1995): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001199-199502000-00016.

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Дисертації з теми "Legal techniques":

HUARD, MICHEL. "Semeiologie de l'epaule douloureuse : nouvelles techniques d'exploration, interet medico-legal." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M233.

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Antici, Francesco. "Advanced techniques for cross-language annotation projection in legal texts." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23884/.

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Nowadays, the majority of the services we benefit from, are provided online and their use is regulated by the acceptance to the terms of service by the users. All our data are handled accordingly with the clauses of such document and all our behaviours must comply with it. Given so, it would be very useful to find automated techniques to ensure fairness of the document or inform the users about possible threats. The focus of this work, is to create resources aimed to the development of such tools in languages other than English, which may lack in linguistic resources and annotated corpus. The enormous breakthroughs of the last years in Natural Language Processing techniques made it possible the creation of such tools through automated and unsupervised process. One of the means to achieve that is through the annotation projection between two parallel corpora. The difficulties and costs of creating ad hoc resource for every language has brought the need to find another way for achieving the goal.\\ This work investigates the cross language annotation projection technique based on sentence embedding and similarity metrics to find matches between sentences. Several combination of methods and algorithms are compared, among which there are monolingual and multilingual embedding neural models. The experiments are conducted on two datasets, where the reference language is always English and the projection are evaluated on Italian, German and Polish. The results obtained provide a robust and reliable technique for the task and a good starting point to build multilingual tools.

Ariffin, Marinah Mohd. "The application of novel extraction and analytical techniques in forensic toxicology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4144/.

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The aim of this study was to investigate new methods of analysis which might be applied to forensic toxicology problems including those resulting from pesticides, particularly the quaternary ammonium herbicide group, and from drugs, particularly the benzodiazepine group. In the first part of this study, an efficient method for the determination of quaternary ammonium (QA) compounds (pesticides and drugs) in human whole blood was developed. The second part of this study concerned the development of a novel sorbents for solid phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The approach adopted was initially to synthesise a known MIP using diazepam as template then to prepare novel MIPs using other benzodiazepines and analogues of QA compounds as templates. In the first of these stages, an anti-diazepam MIP was synthesized using methacrylate acid (MAA) as the monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-liner and was then ground and prepared for use as an SPE sorbent by packing it into SPE cartridges. These cartridges were used to clean up extracts of diazepam and other benzodiazepine drugs made from hair samples via a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) protocol. The MISPE method was also found to be applicable to the analysis of diazepam metabolites and other benzodiazepine drugs in addition to diazepam itself. The application of the extraction method to post-mortem hair samples yielded results that were in good agreement with ELISA data (from blood samples) and data arising from the analysis of the same blood samples using a validated in-house SPE-LC-MS-MS method. The MISPE procedure was also compared with a conventional SPE method for analysis of benzodiazepines in hair samples. The results from MISPE protocol showed better selectivity, specificity and accuracy toward diazepam (template molecule) and other benzodiazepines that display a similar resemblance to diazepam in terms of molecular structure. The MISPE procedure was found to be simpler and to offer cleaner extracts compared to a conventional SPE method.

Pereira, Alexandra Alves. "O depois de amanhã...: Estrutura vinculativa em crianças em contexto institucional." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/775.

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Lam, Dan Chi Wing. "A study of partnering techniques for the construction industry in Hong Kong with a legal perspective /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b20833660a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Title from title screen (viewed on 27 Mar. 2006) "Dissertation for Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution." Includes bibliographical references.

Scott, Karen S. "An evaluation of the use of supercritical fluid extraction techniques to recover drugs from biological matrices." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3460/.

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The use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated for the determination of drugs of Forensic interest. Three matrices were investigated. The first two (blood and vitreous humor) were compared to SPE and LLE methodology currently in use at the Department of Forensic Science and Medicine. The third matrix, hair, was assessed to determine its usefulness as a marker of past drug use. Three types of drugs were investigated by SFE namely, Benzodiazepines, morphine and methadone. Successful methodology was developed for all three matrices and all three drug types, providing an efficient, reproducible alternative method to SPE and LLE, which reduced the environmental risks from organic solvents. The developed methods were applied to the analysis of authentic forensic samples. In addition to comparing well with the results obtained with the conventional techniques, good correlation was obtained between blood and vitreous humor results for temazepam, diazepam, methadone and morphine. Thus, in cases where a body is badly decomposed or burned, vitreous humor can be used as an alternative post-mortem sample. In addition to the determination of morphine, 6-monoacetyl morphine (6MAM) was used as marker of heroin abuse. 6MAM was detected in all three samples matrices, thus confirming the use of heroin prior to death. Hair analysis for all three types of drugs was carried out using a single extraction method. A wide range of concentrations was found for all drug types. As with blood and vitreous humor, 6MAM was detected and used as a marker of heroin abuse. From this, 61% of known heroin users were confirmed.

Atemengue, Frédéric Stéphane. "Les techniques juridiques d’attractivité des investissements privés étrangers dans les pays de l’espace OHADA, le cas du Cameroun." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NANU3018.

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Considérant les investissements privés étrangers comme un moteur de croissance économique, les pays en quête de capitaux au rang desquels les pays de l’espace OHADA ont entrepris depuis quelques décennies des politiques d’attractivité, les unes plus incitatives que les autres. Cependant, l’afflux des investissements privés étrangers n’est pas satisfaisant au regard des attentes et reste relativement faible comparativement à d’autres pays. L’analyse des techniques juridiques d’attractivité de ces investissements nous a donc semblé opportune afin de déterminer et apprécier les techniques juridiques sur lesquelles les pays de l’espace OHADA, notamment le Cameroun, fondent l’attractivité de leurs territoires. Il en ressort que cette attractivité se fonde d’une part, sur des techniques de promotion, d’autre part sur des techniques de protection des investissements privés. Sont considérées comme des techniques de promotion, la construction d’un cadre propice à l’investissement privé étranger et la modernisation de l’outillage juridique relatif à l’exercice d’activités économiques. L’objectif ici est d’assurer une sécurité juridique et une libéralisation économique par ailleurs contrôlée. S’agissant des techniques de protection, elles sont de deux ordres. Les unes sont des garanties préventives des contentieux et les autres sont des garanties au soutien du règlement des contentieux. Les premières se traduisent par la réglementation d’une part, des rapports entre l’État d’accueil et les investisseurs étrangers, d’autre part des rapports entre l’investisseur privé étranger et les opérateurs économiques à travers l’assainissement de l’environnement des affaires. Le second volet de la protection se traduit par des garanties au soutien du règlement des contentieux avec une offre d’alternatives au procès et la dynamisation des mécanismes judiciaires. L’objectif escompté étant de permettre aux investisseurs privés étrangers de préserver leurs droits. Ces différentes techniques, quelles qu’elles soient, présentent des limites qui nécessitent une constante prise en compte du dynamisme de l’environnement des affaires et des préoccupations socio-économiques, environnementales des États d’accueil
Considering foreign private investment as an engine of economic growth, countries in search of capital, including the countries of the OHADA area, have undertaken attractiveness policies for several decades, some more attractive than others. However, the influx of foreign private investment is not satisfactory compared to expectations and remains relatively low compared to other countries. The analysis of the legal techniques for the attractiveness of these investments therefore seemed appropriate to us in order to determine and assess the legal techniques on which the countries of the OHADA area, in particular Cameroon, base the attractiveness of their territories. It appears that this attractiveness is based on the one hand, on promotion techniques, and on the other hand on techniques for protecting private investments. Promotion techniques include the construction of a framework conducive to foreign private investment and the modernization of legal tools relating to the exercise of economic activities. The objective here is to ensure legal certainty and otherwise controlled economic liberalization. Regarding protection techniques, there are two types. Some are guarantees preventing disputes and others are guarantees supporting the settlement of disputes. The first result in the regulation, on the one hand, of relations between the host State and foreign investors, and on the other hand of relations between the foreign private investor and economic operators through the sanitation of the business environment. The second aspect of protection translates into guarantees to support the settlement of disputes with an offer of alternatives to trial and the revitalization of judicial mechanisms. The expected objective is to allow foreign private investors to preserve their rights. These different techniques, whatever they may be, have limits which require constant consideration of the dynamism of the business environment and the socio-economic and environmental concerns of the host States

Kinley, Gary J. "An examination of the advocacy techniques employed by three state-level child advocacy groups." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/471162.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the advocacy techniques employed by three state-level child advocacy groups in a mid-western state and to determine the effectiveness of such techniques in influencing policy and legislation.The groups studied were a government-funded bureau, a professional association, and a varied member organization. Each was selected because it met the qualifications set forth for that particular group type. Data collection took place during June and July, 1981.The records examined during data collection included minutes of meetings, publications, fiscal reports, legislative reports and bills, by-laws, and newspaper articles. The data discerned from the records described the groups' founding, objectives, structure, membership, finances, and advocacy strategies, particularly public information campaigns, training, and lobbying efforts. Interviews were conducted with persons knowledgeable of the groups' activities, as necessary.Data were organized into the categories of background information, objectives, membership, structure, funding, and advocacy efforts. Issues considered by any of the three groups were classified either as legislation or as a child-oriented issue. Advocacy techniques utilized to advance a group's position on a piece of legislation were paired with the bill. The effectiveness of the techniques was determined via a scale which examined a bill's progression through the legislative process. Patterns of effective advocacy were listed. Similarly, advocacy techniques employed to advance a group's position on child-oriented issues were paired with the issues. Patterns of advocacy were discerned from that information.As a result of the data analysis, the following conclusions were made; (a) a variety of techniques were used by the groups and contributed to effective advocacy; (b) the techniques of writing to and meeting with legislators or their staffs on behalf of a group were utilized most commonly in successful efforts related to legislation; (c) collaboration and multiple efforts were related to effective advocacy; (d) the professional association was most successful in its legislative advocacy efforts; and (e) the three groups took more positions and utilized more advocacy techniques on child-oriented issues than on legislation.

Guyet, Guillaume. "Le concept d’autonomie dans les obligations privées : Aspects techniques et philosophiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40026.

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On s’est habitué à adopter du concept d’autonomie une perception qui est celle d’un déclin, largement prophétisé dès le XIXème siècle chez les auteurs critiques du contrat. Tous les arguments ont contribué à cette interprétation et bien des choses semblent aller en ce sens. Ainsi, le concept laisse apparaître un bouleversement des distinctions classiques vérifiable du point de vue du langage définissant les sources ou autorités du droit (autonomie législative, judiciaire…). En réalité, la première autonomie de nature subjective n’a pas été contredite autant qu’on aurait pu le supposer. L’autonomie individuelle ou collective continue de définir la personne juridique en fonction d’une titularité plus ou moins étroite de ses droits, libertés, capacités ou pouvoirs. Elle contribue, en effet, à la promotion d’un cadre primordial et persiste dans une sorte de contrôle moral des volontés et des identités individuelles confrontées à des mécanismes exagérément objectifs. Une résurgence apparente du vocabulaire romaniste, sous prétexte d’équilibre des prestations, permet paradoxalement un déséquilibre entre les parties. C’est donc à une autonomie renouvelée, forte de nouvelles exigences, que l’on fait appel. Un plan moral succède au plan théorique sous l’angle de la protection des volontés. L’autonomie s’adapte tout en demeurant conforme à un sens subjectif originel. Elle pourrait devenir une référence de régulation, y compris pour les contrats internationaux. Le droit français aurait là une occasion de se rétablir, au moins du point de vue de l’interprétation
We became used to adopt some concept of autonomy a perception which is the one of a decline, largely predicted from the XIXth century at the critical authors of the contract. All arguments contributed to this interpretation and many things seem to go this way. Actually, the concept uncovers a classical upheavel of distinctions whiches verifiable from the point of view of sources or authorities defining langage (legislative, judicial autonomy). In fact, the first autonomy of subjective nature was not as contradicted as it was supposed to. The individual or collective autonomy continues to define the legal person according to a more or less narrow tenure of its rights, liberties, capacities or powers. As a matter of fact it contributes to focus on an essential frame and persists in a kind of moral control of the wills and of the individual identities confronted to excessively objective mechanisms. A similar resurgence of the ancient roman law vocabulary, under the pretext of contractual balance, paradoxically allows a destabilization between the parts. So it is to the renewed autonomy strong on new requirements that we appeal. A moral plan succeeds the theoretical plan under the perspective of the protection of the wills. The autonomy adapts itself while remaining in compliance with an original subjective sense. She could become a reference of regulation, including for the international contracts. French law would then have an opportunity to recover, at least from the point of view of the interpretation

Basset, Antoine. "Pour en finir avec l'interprétation : usages des techniques d'interprétation dans les jurisprudences constitutionnelles française et allemande." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100146/document.

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Les problèmes que pose, traditionnellement, la notion d'interprétation en droit (l'idéologie du juge comme bouche de la loi) sont encore multipliés lorsque l'on se place au niveau constitutionnel : ce qui est généralement considéré comme les techniques permettant de garantir la juridicité des interprétations de la loi exposent d'autant plus visiblement leurs lacunes, qu'il n'existe plus de norme supérieure donnant l'apparence de les garantir. En théorie, certains courants ont cherché, après Kelsen, à fonder rationnellement l'interprétation, afin de pouvoir juger de sa vérité. A chaque fois, cependant, il leur a été nécessaire de se rattacher à des éléments externes en droit et dont le caractère de vérité pouvait, de plus, être contesté. A l'opposé, le réalisme juridique se contente d'affirmer le pouvoir créateur du juge, et sa liberté d'interprétation ; ce faisant, pourtant, il ne peut pas rendre compte du processus interprétatif en fait (comment le juge décide-t-il lorsqu'il n'a pas de préjugé ?). La thèse cherchera donc, au moyen d'une étude empirique, à dégager des éléments qui pourraient servir de futurs développements théoriques sur la question de l'interprétation. Pour ce faire, elle mettra en œuvre des outils tirés des sciences littéraire, linguistique et sociologique et construira à partir de là une perspective autre que celle généralement proposée par les travaux sur l’interprétation. Afin d’asseoir plus solidement ses développements, ce travail adopte une méthode comparatiste (France – Allemagne) : les deux cours, fort éloignées à l'origine, mais en train de se rapprocher, ne peuvent manquer d'offrir les tensions nécessaires
When one admits with legal realism that methods of interpretation cannot give the one good answer to a juridical case, and thus cannot assure that the judge is bound to the limits the separation of powers imposes on him, it becomes possible to change the perspective on these techniques. They now can be regarded as revealing the institutional constraints which affect the judge. The first part of this dissertation examines how the judge is writing the constitution. Based on G. Genette’s theories on hypertextuality (hypertextualité) it is possible to describe two different types of interpretation (imitation and transposition). The different interpretational choices made by the French and German judges seem to confirm the general impressions: the German Federal constitutional court (Bundesverfassungsgericht) has a bigger power on shaping the constitution than the French Conseil constitutionnel. The second chapter demonstrates how this difference has a bearing on the two court’s institutional actions. The German judge is more straightforward when it comes to dealing with the legislator, deliberately using the instruments his position as a constitutional judge are offering. The French judge, on the other hand, seems more reluctant in this respect. Vis-à-vis the other judges, the constitutional judge (supported by more direct means of action, such as the constitutional complaint) can take a more and more preponderant position, corresponding to his understanding of the constitution. In France however, the lack of constraining procedures between the different courts results in a system of negotiations – oftentimes to redound to the normal judge’s advantage. Both constitutional courts are exposed to a similar constraint (the articulation between existing juridical system and the system of the constitution). The methods of interpretation are useful to them in order to bring different answers
Einmal angenommen, wie im Legal realism, dass die Auslegungsmethoden nicht zur einzigen richtigen Lösung eines Falles führen und daher nicht für die richterliche Beachtung der von einem System der Gewaltenteilung gesetzten Schranken bürgen können, wird ein Perspektivenwechsel möglich und aufschlussreich. Somit können die Auslegungsmethoden als Ausdruck der institutionellen Zwänge, denen die Richter ausgesetzt sind, betrachtet werden. Der erste Teil dieser Dissertation beschäftigt sich damit, wie die Verfassung durch den Richter geschrieben wird. Anhand der von G. Genette entwickelten Hypertextualitätstheorie werden zwei allgemeine Auslegungsmodelle (Mimesis und Übertragung) ausgearbeitet. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass der vom deutschen und französischen Richter jeweils unterschiedlich gewählte Pfad einen ersten Eindruck bestätigt: das Bundesverfassungsgericht ist mächtiger wenn es darum geht, die Verfassung zu gestalten. Gleichzeitig hat jener Unterschied eine spürbare Wirkung auf das institutionelle Handeln der Gerichte, worauf im zweiten Teil der Arbeit eingegangen wird. Dem Gesetzgeber gegenüber wagt das deutsche Gericht mehr und ist freimütiger als das französische Gericht mit den ihm (als Verfassungsgericht) genauso wie seinem Homolog in Paris zur Verfügung stehenden Instrumenten. Auch nimmt er in seinen Beziehungen zu den anderen Richtern er eine fast überragende Stellung ein (was Verfahren wie die Verfassungsbeschwerde erleichtern), die seinem Verständnis des Grundgesetzes entspricht. Im Gegenteil dazu führt in Frankreich die strenge Trennung zwischen den drei hohen Gerichten zu einem System der Verhandlung, meistens zugunsten des Fachrichters. Anhand der Auslegungsarbeit beantworten somit beide Gerichte die Frage der Eingliederung der herkömmlichen Rechtsordnung und der Verfassungsordnung unterschiedlich

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Книги з теми "Legal techniques":

Smith, Nigel. Legal research techniques. Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire: Legal Information Resouces, 1987.

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Smith, Nigel. Legal research techniques. Hebden Bridge: Legal Information Resources, 1989.

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Golec, Anthony M. Techniques of legal investigation. 2nd ed. Springfield, Ill: Thomas, 1985.

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Golec, Anthony M. Techniques of legal investigation. 3rd ed. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: C.C. Thomas Publisher, 1995.

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Cusine, Douglas J. New reproductive techniques: A legal perspective. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower, 1988.

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Haggard, Thomas R. Legal drafting: Process, techniques, and exercises. 2nd ed. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West, 2007.

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Cusine, D. J. New reproductive techniques: A legal perspective. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1990.

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Haggard, Thomas R. Legal drafting: Process, techniques, and exercises. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West, 2003.

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L, Gardner Robert. Tax research techniques. 5th ed. New York, NY: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2000.

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M, Sommerfeld Ray, ed. Tax research techniques. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Legal techniques":

Bouclin, Suzanne. "Cinelegal Techniques." In The Routledge Handbook of Cultural Legal Studies, 369–79. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003467762-28.

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Sutherland, Sarah A. "Data analysis techniques." In Legal Data and Information in Practice, 49–64. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003127307-4.

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Alder, John, and David Wilkinson. "The Range of Legal Techniques." In Environmental Law and Ethics, 188–219. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14271-2_7.

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Pascuzzi, Giovanni. "Cognitive Techniques of Legal Innovation." In Law, Development and Innovation, 15–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13311-9_2.

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Kadrić, Mira, Monika Stempkowski, and Ivana Havelka. "Questioning and interpreting techniques." In Legal Interpreting and Questioning Techniques Explained, 70–83. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003301585-6.

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Mason, J. K. "Legal implications of modern reproductive techniques." In Paediatric Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 367–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7160-9_24.

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Vogel, R. "Legal Aspects of Reuse of Intellectual Property." In Reuse Techniques for VLSI Design, 139–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5159-1_12.

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Filibeck, Umberto, Angela Del Vecchio, and Fabrizio Galliccia. "Good Clinical Practice Principles: Legal Background and Applicability." In Analytical Techniques for Clinical Chemistry, 1–27. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118271858.ch1.

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Kadrić, Mira, Monika Stempkowski, and Ivana Havelka. "Institutional safeguards of rights." In Legal Interpreting and Questioning Techniques Explained, 16–35. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003301585-3.

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Kadrić, Mira, Monika Stempkowski, and Ivana Havelka. "Hybridity of communication as a challenge for interpersonal communication." In Legal Interpreting and Questioning Techniques Explained, 104–11. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003301585-8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Legal techniques":

Bellucci, Emilia, and John Zeleznikow. "AI techniques for modelling legal negotiation." In the seventh international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/323706.323723.

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Voigtmann, Christian, Klaus David, Hendrik Skistims, and Alexander Roßnagel. "Legal assessment of context prediction techniques." In 2012 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2012.6399381.

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Shukla, Bharti, Sonam Gupta, Arun Kumar Yadav, and Divakar Yadav. "Challenges and issues in legal documents classification." In LOW RADIOACTIVITY TECHNIQUES 2022 (LRT 2022): Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Low Radioactivity Techniques. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0161060.

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Sheik, Reshma, and S. Jaya Nirmala. "Deep Learning Techniques for Legal Text Summarization." In 2021 IEEE 8th Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (UPCON). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/upcon52273.2021.9667640.

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Maggenti, Giada, Andrea Bracciali, and Paolo Mancarella. "Abduction and Legal Reasoning." In 1st International ICST Conference on Forensic Applications and Techniques in Telecommunications, Information and Multimedia. ACM, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/e-forensics.2008.2640.

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P, Nineesha, and P. Deepalakshmi. "Automated Techniques on Indian Legal documents: A Review." In 2022 Third International Conference on Intelligent Computing Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicict54557.2022.9918013.

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Wilson, Nigel. "Forensics in cyber-space: the legal challenges." In 1st International ICST Conference on Forensic Applications and Techniques in Telecommunications, Information and Multimedia. ACM, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/e-forensics.2008.2926.

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Madambakam, Prameela, and Shathanaa Rajmohan. "A Study on Legal Judgment Prediction using Deep Learning Techniques." In 2022 IEEE Silchar Subsection Conference (SILCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/silcon55242.2022.10028879.

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Burgstaller, Peter. "The Use of AI and Its Legal Boundaries in the EU." In 2023 1st International Conference on Optimization Techniques for Learning (ICOTL). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icotl59758.2023.10435342.

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Gheorghiu, Claudia, Andrei Panu, and Lenuta Alboaie. "A semantic web platform for legal knowledge in cloud." In 2013 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques (SoMeT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/somet.2013.6645652.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Legal techniques":

Tostes, Rogelio. Public law and its techniques: semantic adaptations in catalan legal practice (13th-14th centuries). Edicions de la Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/itma.2021.15.11.

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Rannenberg, Kai, Sebastian Pape, Frédéric Tronnier, and Sascha Löbner. Study on the Technical Evaluation of De-Identification Procedures for Personal Data in the Automotive Sector. Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.63413.

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The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate different de-identification techniques that may be used in several mobility-related use cases. To do so, four use cases have been defined in accordance with a project partner that focused on the legal aspects of this project, as well as with the VDA/FAT working group. Each use case aims to create different legal and technical issues with regards to the data and information that are to be gathered, used and transferred in the specific scenario. Use cases should therefore differ in the type and frequency of data that is gathered as well as the level of privacy and the speed of computation that is needed for the data. Upon identifying use cases, a systematic literature review has been performed to identify suitable de-identification techniques to provide data privacy. Additionally, external databases have been considered as data that is expected to be anonymous might be reidentified through the combination of existing data with such external data. For each case, requirements and possible attack scenarios were created to illustrate where exactly privacy-related issues could occur and how exactly such issues could impact data subjects, data processors or data controllers. Suitable de-identification techniques should be able to withstand these attack scenarios. Based on a series of additional criteria, de-identification techniques are then analyzed for each use case. Possible solutions are then discussed individually in chapters 6.1 - 6.2. It is evident that no one-size-fits-all approach to protect privacy in the mobility domain exists. While all techniques that are analyzed in detail in this report, e.g., homomorphic encryption, differential privacy, secure multiparty computation and federated learning, are able to successfully protect user privacy in certain instances, their overall effectiveness differs depending on the specifics of each use case.

Martínez Guzman, Juan Pablo. Managing for Development Results in the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009114.

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During the past 11 years, the Dominican Republic has introduced dozens of new laws and regulations aimed at modernizing its national management systems. The new rules represent a step forward in the implementation of Managing for Development Results (MfDR) techniques that will improve the effectiveness of public spending in the country. The implementation of the new legal framework, however, is still in an early stage. This Technical Note analyzes the new legal framework, focusing on the relationship between its components, the inconsistencies or contradictions of the framework, and the status of its implementation. The results of the analysis show that the framework provides a great starting point for MfDR, but that further action is still needed. The Technical Note ends with a list of recommendations that, if followed, should help increase the effectiveness of public expenditure in the Dominican Republic.

DeVault, Travis L., Bradley F. Blackwell, Jerrold L. Belant, and Michael J. Begier. Wildlife at Airports. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7210104.ws.

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Collisions between aircraft and wildlife (wildlife strikes) are common occurrences across the developed world. Wildlife strikes are not only numerous, but also costly. Estimates suggest that wildlife strikes cost the civil aviation industry in the U.S. up to $625 million annually, and nearly 500 people have been killed in wildlife strikes worldwide. Most wildlife strikes occur in the airport environment: 72 percent of all strikes occur when the aircraft is ≤500 ft (152 m) above ground level, and 41 percent of strikes occur when the aircraft is on the ground during landing or takeoff. Thus, management efforts to reduce wildlife hazards are focused at the airport. There are many techniques used to reduce wildlife hazards at airports, and these usually work best when used in an integrative fashion. Here, we discuss the available data on wildlife strikes with aircraft, summarize legal considerations, explain why wildlife are attracted to airports and how to identify important wildlife attractants, describe commonly-used tools and techniques for reducing wildlife hazards at airports, and explain how airports can enlist the help of professional wildlife biologists to manage wildlife hazards.

Micco, Alejandro, and Arturo Galindo. Bank Credit to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Role of Creditor Protection. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010766.

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This paper develops a model showing that inefficient legal protections disproportionately increase financial restrictions for creditors that have less wealth. Due to fixed monitoring costs in equilibrium, banks will not monitor small firms, and therefore these firms will adopt risky technologies that imply a higher probability of bankruptcy. This implies that inefficiencies in the bankruptcy procedure will have a greater effect on small firms vis-à-vis large ones. Using a survey of firms in 62 countries around the world (WBES) and econometric techniques that allow us to deal with observed and unobserved country-specific components, as well as with partial endogeneity, the paper explore the role of creditor protection on small and medium-size enterprises access to bank credit. It is found that better protection of creditors reduces the financing gap between small and large firms.

Torero, Máximo, Miguel Robles, Manuel Hernández, Jorge De la Roca, Maureen Webber, and Desmond Thomas. The Informal Sector in Jamaica. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008747.

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The informal economy plays an important, yet often overlooked, role in economies throughout the world. Informal activities can provide a much needed source of income for a great number of people. At the same time, informality motivated by regulatory distortions, tax evasion, or in the pursuit of illegal activities can be a development trap that deprives governments of needed funds and leaves participants without legal protection. This paper is one output of a broader effort aimed at better understanding the informal sector in Jamaica. Using various techniques, this paper first estimates the size of the informal sector in Jamaica, finding that the informal economy represented a large and growing share of the overall economy, measuring in the vicinity of 40 percent of total economic activity as currently measured. This growing sector represents a diverse group of enterprises and workers, ranging from local peddlers to sophisticated small entrepreneurs. The second component of the paper explores these and other characteristics of the informal sector which should be taken into account when prescribing new policies or programs.

Greenberg, Jane, Samantha Grabus, Florence Hudson, Tim Kraska, Samuel Madden, René Bastón, and Katie Naum. The Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub: "Enabling Seamless Data Sharing in Industry and Academia" Workshop Report. Drexel University, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/d8159v.

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Increasingly, both industry and academia, in fields ranging from biology and social sciences to computing and engineering, are driven by data (Provost & Fawcett, 2013; Wixom, et al, 2014); and both commercial success and academic impact are dependent on having access to data. Many organizations collecting data lack the expertise required to process it (Hazen, et al, 2014), and, thus, pursue data sharing with researchers who can extract more value from data they own. For example, a biosciences company may benefit from a specific analysis technique a researcher has developed. At the same time, researchers are always on the search for real-world data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness of their methods. Unfortunately, many data sharing attempts fail, for reasons ranging from legal restrictions on how data can be used—to privacy policies, different cultural norms, and technological barriers. In fact, many data sharing partnerships that are vital to addressing pressing societal challenges in cities, health, energy, and the environment are not being pursued due to such obstacles. Addressing these data sharing challenges requires open, supportive dialogue across many sectors, including technology, policy, industry, and academia. Further, there is a crucial need for well-defined agreements that can be shared among key stakeholders, including researchers, technologists, legal representatives, and technology transfer officers. The Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub (NEBDIH) took an important step in this area with the recent "Enabling Seamless Data Sharing in Industry and Academia" workshop, held at Drexel University September 29-30, 2016. The workshop brought together representatives from these critical stakeholder communities to launch a national dialogue on challenges and opportunities in this complex space.

Esteban Regino, Edna Margarita, José David Torrenegra Ariza, and Enrique Carlos Urzola Mestra. Use of Design Thinking to Generate Ideas for Digital, Social, and Solidarity Entrepreneurship. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcnc.43.

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This class note helps to develop skills that enable students to generate ideas of digital, social, and solidarity entrepreneurship from identifying social problems. It begins by emphasizing the need to promote digital, social, and supportive entrepreneurship. Then it defines social problems that are articulated with the national legal framework and the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Next, it describes the business idea as an opportunity to solve a social problem, working throughout the process under the Design Thinking methodology. This technique is focused on creativity and is used strongly for problem-solving, business modeling, strategic planning, and idea development, allowing for innovation in many aspects focused on the user. This approach helps to identify what people need and want, as well as what they like or dislike. Finally, the learning unit’s product is explained, which must be a technical sheet that reflects the use of the Design Thinking methodology as a strategy for obtaining business ideas. Through these contents, students develop the competence to analyze social problems, generate ideas of digital, social, and solidarity entrepreneurship that are aligned with existing policies and the SDGs.

Cairo, Jessica, Iulia Gherman, and Paul Cook. The effects of consumer freezing of food on its use-by date. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ret874.

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The current Food Standards Agency consumer guidance states that consumers can freeze pre-packed food right up to the “use-by” date and, once food has been defrosted, it should be consumed within 24 hours. This strategic review has collated relevant data to determine whether there is an increased risk in relation to freezing ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods on the use-by date compared to the day before the use-by date. The review has focused on how the shelf-life of a food is determined and the effects of freezing, thawing and refrigeration on foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. In the UK, food business operators are responsible for setting the safe shelf-life of a food which, in practice, should take into consideration the consumer habits, as well as the factors affecting shelf-life, such as food product characteristics, food processing techniques, transport, retail and domestic food storage temperatures, and type of packaging. Some countries, such as Ireland, New Zealand and Canada specifically recommend including safety margins within shelf lives. This is used to maintain brand integrity because it ensures that the food is consumed in its optimum condition. The FSA has collaborated with other organisations in the production of several guidance documents; however, there is no explicit requirement for the consideration of a margin of safety when setting shelf-life. There is also no legal requirement in the UK to consider a safety margin when setting shelf-life. According to regulations, pathogens should not be present in sufficient levels to cause foodborne illness on the use-by date, as food should still be safe to eat on that day. Given that these requirements are met, the risk assessed in this report arises from the processes of freezing, thawing and subsequent refrigerated storage for a further 24 hours, and the potential for these to increase pathogen levels. In this review, it was found that there is a risk of additional growth of certain pathogens during the refrigerated storage period although the impact of freezing and thawing on the extent of this growth was not readily evident. This risk would relate specifically to ready-to-eat foods as cooking of non-ready-to-eat foods after defrosting would eliminate pathogens. This report explores the potential issues related to consumer freezing on the use-by date and identifies additional information or research required to understand the risks involved. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest a significant change in risk between consumers freezing ready-to-eat food on the use-by date compared to freezing the food on the day before the use-by date. Specific areas that merit further research include the risks due to low temperature survival and growth of L. monocytogenes. There is also a lack of research on the effects of freezing, defrosting and refrigeration on the growth and toxin production of non-proteolytic C. botulinum, and the growth of Salmonella during domestic freezing and thawing. Finally, more information on how food business operators set shelf-life would enable a better understanding of the process and the extent of the safety margin when determining shelf-life of ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods.