Готові списки джерел за темами / Legal and political framework

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Legal and political framework"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Legal and political framework":

Turanin, Vladislav Yu. "Legal Language in the Political Framework." Legal education and science 12 (December 25, 2019): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1190-2019-12-40-43.

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Wessely, Andreas. "The Legal and Political Framework of Euroization." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 36, Issue 3 (August 1, 2009): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2009014.

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As currency crises revealed the limitations of pegging a country’s currency to another country’s currency through currency boards, the focus of the monetary community turned to dollarization and euroization. De jure dollarization/euroization is the unilateral adoption of the dollar/euro as sole legal tender in lieu of the prior domestic currency through a formal political decision, thereby irreversibly giving up the chance to influence money supply and exchange rates through national monetary and political authorities. After showing the origins of unilateral euroization, I will list the costs and benefits of currency replacement and identify which countries could most probably benefit from euroization. In the second part, I will explain why European Union (EU) institutions – in contrast to US policy makers with respect to dollarization – oppose the unilateral adoption of the euro. Then, I will describe the official route for euroization envisaged by the EU and finally focus the discussion on whether EU institutions can legally prevent unilateral euroization under European or international law and whether the involved states have any other rights or obligations under customary international law. Furthermore, I will show the implications of the current financial crisis for future trends of euroization.

Neumeier, Christian. "Political Own Resources: Towards a legal framework." Common Market Law Review 60, Issue 2 (April 1, 2023): 319–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2023023.

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Following its latest Own Resources Decision, the European Union is equipped with a new fiscal policy instrument. In addition to its financing function, the Own Resources Decision can pursue policy objectives by linking the contribution burden of Member States to a political objective of the Union. The article presents the concept, function, and problems of this new category of political own resources and develops a legal framework to ensure that political own resources do not shift the institutional balance between the Council and the Parliament. Own Resources Decision, fiscal own resources, political own resources, Multiannual Financial Framework

Aktamovna, Usmonova Nigora, and E. A. Qadirov. "Legal framework for the activities of political parties." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11, no. 4 (2021): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01060.0.

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Ortiz-Ledesma, Raquel. "Legal-political frameworks that promote Social and Solidarity Economy in Colombia and Mexico. A comparative cartography." Deusto Journal of Human Rights, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/djhr-4-2019pp87-114.

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This article analyses the relevance of the legal-political frameworks of Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) to social transformation. The article is divided into three sections where the international evolution of the legal-political frameworks and the different types of categorization of the legal framework for SSE support will be discussed. In addition, through documentary research and a comparison on legal frameworks and national public policies, the implementation of those frameworks in two States from The Americas, Colombia and Mexico, will be considered. This article concludes by highlighting the challenges of SSE and some possible route maps, as well as the relevance of this framework to social change.Received: 01 July 2019Accepted: 05 December 2019Published online: 20 December 2019

Chintakananda, Asda, and Brain Tan. "How political risk and legal framework shapes MNE performance." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (January 2015): 17063. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.17063abstract.

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Boyko, S. "Political and Legal Framework of the International Information Security." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 19, no. 4 (2021): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2021.19.4.67.4.

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The article covers the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of international information security. The purpose of the study is to identify the key directions for strengthening international cooperation in the area of information security. The article examines the state of bilateral cooperation on international information security issues in particular on the example of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China on cooperation in the field of international information security. The article analyzes Russian initiatives put forward in regional and multilateral organizations. Thus, special attention is paid to cooperation within BRICS, the SCO, the CSTO and ASEAN. Regional and interregional interaction in this area increases stability and security of the respective regions, taking into account the national interests of the parties involved. The article also studies the Russian projects promoted at the global level, namely, the UN General Assembly resolutions adopted by the initiative of the Russian Federation. Russia and its partners contributed to the adoption of a set of 13 international rules, principles and norms of responsible behavior of states in the information space. Convocation of an Open-Ended Working Group, whose mandate has been extended until 2025, has become an important contribution of Russia to institutionalization of the profile discussion mechanism within the UN. The author concludes that Russian projects and cooperation agreements reached can foster the development of political and legal framework of the international information security system. The focus on promoting the formation of such a system is confirmed by the updated Basic principles of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the field of international information security. However, these initiatives are not exhaustive. Therefore, the formation of such a system requires the efforts of the entire world community.

Kembayev, Zhenis. "Regional Integration in Eurasia: The Legal and Political Framework." Review of Central and East European Law 41, no. 2 (September 22, 2016): 157–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04102002.

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This article examines the legal and political aspects of regional integration processes in Eurasia since the end of the Soviet era. It contends that both political and economic factors are driving these processes, including the desire of a number of post-Soviet countries to consolidate regional peace and security and, also, to create a larger and more effective economic space, thus increasing these countries’ power and international influence. It also argues that the formation of a united Eurasia is being conducted in the framework of two separate but closely connected—with almost identical membership—international organizations: the Collective Security Treaty Organization (csto) and the Eurasian Economic Union (eaeu). This article provides some background to the csto and the eaeu and explains their consolidating factors. It also examines the institutional framework of these groupings and expounds on their purposes, principles, and major areas of cooperation. It argues that these two organizations, in combination, constitute a single de facto structure that, for discussion purposes in this article, is referred to as the Eurasian alliance. Finally, the article attempts to illustrate problems and to assess prospects related to integration processes in Eurasia.

Andronova, I. V., and M. E. Antsiferov. "POLITICAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ENSURING STATE SECURITY IN RUSSIA." Vestnik Povolzhskogo instituta upravleniya 24, no. 1 (2024): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1682-2358-2024-1-29-37.

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Ombella, John Sebastian. "Legal Framework Regulating Switching and Disciplining of Members of Political Parties:." JOELS: Journal of Election and Leadership 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/joels.v4i1.12535.

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Globally, political parties seem to be common vehicle through which general public participates in governmental decision-making. This is influenced by the increased democratization evidenced by many countries’ adoption of multipartyism. Consequently, South Africa’s (SA) and Tanzania’s legal frameworks are not exception. Despite such influence Tanzania in particular, improperly regulate switching and disciplining of members of political parties. Through a human right approach this paper carries out a comparative review of SA and Tanzanian legal frameworks on regulation of switching and disciplining of members of political parties. The qualitative analysis of documents reviewed shows SA has adopted constitutional principles the basis of which regulation of political parties contribute to popular participation and elimination of improper switching and disciplining of members of political parties. Tanzania’s legal framework is informed by SA on; cessation of political party membership while retaining the membership in decisions making organs and disciplining of members of political parties.

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Дисертації з теми "Legal and political framework":

Riva, Palacio Mariana. "Analysis of the legal framework on the use of foreign satellites : North America." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34017.

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Over the last years satellite communications remained as a government monopoly in most countries. Recently, that situation has changed and we have witnessed liberalization on trade in satellite services where governmental entities that provided satellite services were privatized. Also, countries started to allow the entry of foreign satellites to their markets.
The international scenario on trade in satellite services is of great relevance and it will be analyzed in this thesis. We will see Mexico's, Canada's and the US's specific commitments on satellite communications services made in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Likewise, we will see Mexico's, Canada's and the US's background on satellite communications, and their regulatory framework on the use of foreign satellites will be analyzed.

West, Lucy. "The Confines of the Rule of Law in Contemporary Cambodia: Political Culture and Legal-Institutional Framework." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381010.

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Rule of law objectives have assumed an integral role in post-Cold War democratisation initiatives and state-building operations. More than US$10 billion has been spent by the international community on democratic state-building in Cambodia since the Paris Peace Agreements (PPA) were signed in 1991 and the deployment of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) (1992-93). While the 1993 Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia provides for a democratic government with separation of powers, judicial independence and human rights guarantees consistent with international legal instruments, Cambodia continues to rank poorly in international indices of the rule of law. This dissertation investigates the deficient application of the rule of law in Cambodia against the standard provided for by the text of the 1993 Constitution and the legal-institutional framework it established. The study assesses Cambodia’s performance in this area of governance against a conceptual framework for a ‘thin’, procedural rule of law consistent with the country’s civil law system and institutional structure. To investigate the rule of law in Cambodia, interviews were conducted with spokespersons for the Council of Ministers and the Ministry of Justice, National Assembly members, judges, lawyers, international and local non-government organisations, independent researchers and foreigners working within the Cambodian legal sector. The dissertation argues that the deficient application of the rule of law in Cambodia is attributable to the combination of the country’s political culture of patron-clientelism and the legal-institutional framework established during the UNTAC period. The dissertation finds that despite decades of internationally-sponsored good governance and judicial reform efforts, Cambodia is deficient across all indicators of a thin rule of law. The constitutional arrangements established during the UNTAC period provide for a parliamentary system, where the executive is embedded in the legislature, and the basic framework for a civil law system, which remains underdeveloped. In the Cambodian political context, this enables control of the legislature by the hegemonic Cambodian People’s Party (CPP). In a civil law system, the purpose of the judiciary is to give expression to the will of the legislature, as statutes are the primary source of law. The legal system in Cambodia, in turn, gives expression to the will of the CPP. The result of this is endemic corruption and political interference in the judiciary according to international standards of good governance and the rule of law.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Govt & Int Relations
Griffith Business School
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Vicente, António Luís. "Lawyers, judges, and judicial reform: a conceptual framework and a quantitative exploration." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10308.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
There is growing evidence on the importance of institutions for growth but limited understanding of the mechanisms of institutional divergence, persistence and change. Focusing on the judicial, starting from formalism indicators developed under the legal origin theory, but following different explanatory paths, we propose a thought experiment assessing reasonable preferences of judges and lawyers regarding formalism. We find a striking divergence, with lawyers showing preferences for high, and judges for low, formalism. This may generate institutional conflict, resistance to reforms and a dynamic equilibrium at an inefficient level. The analysis offers paths for reform, potentially addressing limitations of institutional approaches.

Addison, Henry 1955. "Consideration with regard to global navigation satellite systems (G.N.S.S.) of the establishment of a legal framework." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27441.

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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are a key technology underpinning the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO's) communications, navigation, surveillance/air traffic management concept. The fact the de facto GNSS, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is a military system owned, operated and controlled by the United States raises many legal and institutional issues for civil aviation.
This thesis will discuss the nature of GPS/GNSS as a global utility, ICAO's evolutionary path toward a civil GNSS (ie one independent from GPS) and trace the development of the institutional debate within ICAO. Reliance on navigation by GNSS in terms of the principle of State sovereignty over territorial airspace and the Chicago Convention will be considered. The three major institutional issues in respect of a GPS based GNSS (ie charging, non-discriminatory access and liability) will be examined.
This thesis will also examine past and present State practice in respect of radionavigation systems of an international character in considering whether a legal framework for GNSS is necessary, and if so what form it is likely to take. The conclusions reached on these issues will be summarised in the final chapter.

Desiderio, Antonio. "The Olympic re-construction of East London in the economic, political, media and legal discourse : a possible theoretical framework for social-political action." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/6398/.

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This research investigates the preconditions for the Olympics-led process of urban transformation and change of East London. The pre-conditions are interpreted in terms of discourse (the economic, political, media, and legal discourse); which is conceived as reflecting and being reflected in the social, urban, economic and institutional order of the city. The aims of the work are, therefore, to understand: a) how such discourse is construed; b) how the complex of worldviews, ideologies, ideas, beliefs and interests that discourse expresses becomes constructed in the actual urban, social, economic and institutional order of the city; c) how discourse works in enacting and shaping processes of urban transformation and change in East London – and London as a whole. According to the official discourse, the transformation of East London into a site for tourism, shopping, leisure and lifestyle (which is aimed at attracting corporate investments) is the only possible way to enact processes of economic and social growth of ‘derelict’ urban areas. As it answers the requirements of global capital, which is regarded as an impersonal force, such model of urban renewal is represented as unquestionable. By exploring the possibility of a discourse theory of urban transformation and change (which emphasises the role of social-political action) and employing Critical Discourse Analysis as a methodological framework, the research demonstrates that the corporate-led transformation of East London is instead a social construction. In other words, it relies on the vision of the city of specific social actors. Such vision (which expresses sets of worldviews, ideologies, ideas, beliefs and interests) shapes the economic, political, media a d legal discourse; and is reflected at the same time in the urban form and functions, social order, economic organisation and institutional structure of the city.

Carrizosa, Santiago 1964. "Prospecting for biodiversity: The search for legal and institutional frameworks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282221.

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For several decades, pharmaceutical companies have engaged in bioprospecting activities in developing countries. However, in many cases, these companies have failed to compensate local peoples for their knowledge used in the production of drugs. Consequently, these activities have been subject to intense scrutiny at the national and international level. This awareness has contributed to the elaboration of international laws and novel bioprospecting initiatives. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), laws that regulate access to genetic resources, and the International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBGs) are approaches that address unique issues pertaining to bioprospecting of genetic resources. However, these approaches are not flawless. They are experiments that need to be tested and analyzed. The main objectives of this dissertation are to: (1) analyze the relationship between these approaches and how they address the issue of bioprospecting; and (2) identify bioprospecting guidelines to facilitate the implementation of future bioprospecting projects. These objectives are addressed through the analysis of a conceptual framework for the implementation of the ICBGs. According to this framework implementation of the ICBGs should be made according to the following four factors: (1) the CBD, (2) contractual relationships between parties of bioprospecting groups, (3) contractual provisions of bioprospecting agreements, and (4) in-country laws, policies and the organizational structure of the government. These factors have and will continue to affect the implementation of the ICBGs and other bioprospecting groups. A thorough analysis of them in the context of the ICBGs and in comparison to other projects provides elements for the identification of valuable lessons for future bioprospecting initiatives.

Weiß, Norman. "Ulf Häußler, Ensuring and enforcing human security : the practice of international peace missions ; legal framework, military operations, political ramifications [rezensiert von] Norman Weiß." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3658/.

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Rezensiertes Werk: Häußler, Ulf: Ensuring and enforcing human security : the practice of international peace missions ; legal framework, military operations, political ramifications. - Nijmegen : Wolf, 2007. - X, 180 S. - (A challenge for European law : the merging of internal and external security) ISBN: 978-90-5850-257-5

Forbes, Huia. "A Maori experience of natural resource management in New Zealand : politics, culture and the legal framework." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53365/.

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The role of indigenous people in environmental management is subject to the legal framework imposed by a dominant ‘Western’ culture (McGregor, 2009, Kahn, 2013). Provision for indigenous participation in environmental decision making often allows for only a single voice, assuming homogeneity within a framework that seeks biophysical sustainability (Coombes, 2005). Indigenous people are disenfranchised from making a meaningful contribution from their perspective (Jackson, 2006). This has been the case for Maori in New Zealand who have been alienated from their lands and are reliant on statutory participatory processes to engage with environmental management. The methods of participation, their operation and failures are well documented. Yet there has been little analysis of the ways in which indigenous participation occurs that explores the political context critically (Coombes et al, 2012). In particular there is little in-depth research that examines the ways in which indigenous people might try and find a place within the legal framework and the impact this has within their own tribe, with other Maori and on their culture and identity. This ethnographic, participant observation aims to find out whether the New Zealand environmental management framework has space for distinctive Maori participation. The tribe have to create identities that fit into the non-Maori legislative structure. The iwi identity is highly contested with other Maori tribal groups. There are often negative personal consequences of engaging in environmental management leading to considerable institutional fragility. As a result strategic relationships develop between Maori themselves and with non-Maori. The implementation of the resource management framework assumes Maori issues are ‘cultural’, fixed and historic. When tribes engage in the processes they find their potential limited by this implementation. This classification is reinforced both through participation in the system and broader environmental management practices.

Fagbayibo, Babatunde Olaitan. "A politico-legal framework for integration in Africa : exploring the attainability of a supranational African Union." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28573.

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The emergence of the African Union (AU) is seen as an effort to reposition Africa for the challenges of contemporary global realpolitik and, in particular, it provides a road map towards the attainment of a political union. The institutional architecture of the AU, modelled after the European Union (EU), indicates an intention on the part of the architects of the AU to endow the organisation with supranational attributes. However, none of its institutions has as yet started to exercise supranational powers. It is against this background that this thesis explores the feasibility of transforming the AU from a mere intergovernmental organisation into a supranational entity. In the course of the investigation, it was found that a major obstacle to realising this is the absence of shared democratic norms and standards, a consequence of the unconditional membership ideology of the AU. This thesis argues that the starting point of closer integration in Africa should be the cultivation and adoption of shared norms and values. To address this, the study proposes that the AU design an institutional mechanism for regulating its membership. Using the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) as a case study, this study shows that it is possible to establish a regulatory regime based on strict adherence to shared fundamental norms and values. A major recommendation is the transformation of the APRM into a legally binding instrument for setting continental democratic standards, assessing whether member states fulfil these standards and ultimately determining which member states are qualified, based on objective standards, to be part of a democratic AU.
Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Public Law
unrestricted

Bach, Carina. "What’s the Problem with Sex Trafficking? : A case study on the European Union’s Policy and Legal Framework." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100010.

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This study questions the way sex trafficking is constructed by the EU in their public policy exploring what potential implications exist by the way sex trafficking is problematised. Hence, the objective of this study is to understand how the EU constructs the problem of sex trafficking in their policies, and how this can lead to further policy implications for eradicating sex trafficking. This research analyses the three main policy documents by the EU; Directive 2001/36/EU, its strategy document The EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings 2012–2016 and Council Directive 2004/81/EC. The discourse analysis called What’s the problem represented to be? will be used as method. It also analyses through the theories of Intersectionality and Governmentality. The results reveal that sex trafficking is a problem of law enforcement, welfare, and illegal immigration. Sex trafficking is constructed as a crime that violates fundamental rights, encourages gender inequality, and threatens the security in the EU. The way the EU constructs victims endorses gender and racial stereotypes. Furthermore, not much efforts are on reducing root causes for trafficking, as main the focus is on the transportation rather than on the exploitation of the victim.

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Книги з теми "Legal and political framework":

Sołtysiński, Stanisław. Privatization in Poland: The legal framework, practice and political controversies. Deventer, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law and Taxation, 1991.

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Services, NALGO Education, ed. The constitutional, political and legal framework of local government administration. London: Nalgo, 1985.

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Network, Uganda Debt, and MS Uganda, eds. The legal and institutional framework to fight corruption in Uganda. Kampala: Uganda Debt Network, 1999.

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Jason-Lloyd, Leonard. The legal framework of the constitution. Huntingdon: Elm Publications, 1992.

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Leonard, Jason-Lloyd. The legal framework of the Constitution. London: Frank Cass, 1997.

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Sari, Illian Deta Arta. Corruption within illegal logging eradication: Performance analysis and alternative legal framework. Jakarta: Indonesia Corruption Watch, 2009.

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Sari, Illian Deta Arta. Corruption within illegal logging eradication: Performance analysis and alternative legal framework. Jakarta: Indonesia Corruption Watch, 2009.

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Sari, Illian Deta Arta. Corruption within illegal logging eradication: Performance analysis and alternative legal framework. Jakarta: Indonesia Corruption Watch, 2009.

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Tardi, Gregory. The legal framework of government: A Canadian guide. Aurora, Ontario: Canada Law Book, 1992.

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Maskell, Jack. Legal and constitutional framework of "Hatch Act" restrictions of political activities of federal employees. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Legal and political framework":

Du, Haomiao. "Political and scientific aspects of geoengineering." In An International Legal Framework for Geoengineering, 3–40. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge research in international environmental law: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315179759-1.

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Burger, Ethan S., and Serguei Cheloukhine. "The “Legal Framework” to Fight Terrorists." In Counterterrorism in Areas of Political Unrest, 1–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5140-2_1.

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Fuller, Steve, and Veronika Lipińska. "A Legal and Political Framework for the Proactionary Principle." In The Proactionary Imperative, 99–128. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137302922_5.

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Kaltenborn, Markus. "The EU-India Development Partnership: Legal Framework and Political Perspectives." In Open Markets, Free Trade and Sustainable Development, 157–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7426-5_10.

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Martínez Ortega, Juan Iván. "The Politics of the Subject in the International Legal Framework that Protects Women’s Political Rights." In Political Representation and Gender Equality in Mexico, 17–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96713-0_2.

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Massay, Godfrey Eliseus, and Telemu Kassile. "Land-Based Investments in Tanzania: Legal Framework and Realities on the Ground." In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 163–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5840-0_8.

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Vidal, Laura. "The Olimpia Law: The Beginning of a Legal Framework That Addresses Digital Violence." In Political Representation and Gender Equality in Mexico, 263–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96713-0_14.

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Saini, Debi S. "Political and legal frameworks and hurdles in India." In Indian Business, 23–38. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315268422-3.

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Fargo, Anthony. "Political and Legal Frameworks of Cross-Border Journalism." In The Palgrave Handbook of Cross-Border Journalism, 149–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23023-3_10.

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Rodrigues, Stéphane. "Towards A General EC Framework Instrument Related to SGEI? Political Considerations and Legal Constraints." In The Changing Legal Framework for Services of General Interest in Europe, 255–66. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-725-8_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Legal and political framework":

Tofan, Mihaela. "TAX AMNESTY FOR SOCIAL CONTRIBUTION IN ROMANIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK." In Law & Political Science Conference, Vienna. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/lpc.2017.001.006.

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Ivanova, Yuliya, and Magomed-Sali Il'yasov. "CIVIL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR REGULATING THE REORGANIZATION OF A LEGAL ENTITY." In Law and law: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02033-3/110-117.

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The institution of a legal entity is a complex legal mechanism that mediates public relations related to the organization of socio-economic activities of civil turnover participants, a constantly developing system that is influenced by various factors of a political, legal, and socio-economic nature. There are more than one thousand legal entities registered on the territory of Russia, whose main goal is to increase their competitiveness, as well as to make a profit in the course of implementing business activities.

"The Real Estate Market in Austria: Political and Legal Framework." In 6th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 1999. ERES, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1999_135.

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Gokhan Sen, Iur Ilker. "Internet freedom and political participation in Turkey: Legal framework and practice." In 2014 First International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icedeg.2014.6819963.

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Bolgov, Radomir, Olga Filatova, and Elizaveta Semenova. "Social Media in Mexico, Argentina and Venezuela: Legal and Political Framework." In 2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cedem.2017.33.

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Oumelkheir, MATOUG, and AYAD Kheira. "The Legal and Political Status of Women in Algeria." In I.International Congress ofWoman's Studies. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/lady.con1-17.

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Women have a pivotal role to play in the development and renaissance of old and modern societies, proving their potential for positive change in those societies. in various aspects of life, where it has become an important element in the process of change in society The Almighty in his book and Sunna Nabih Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), The Holy Quran set the right balance for women's dignity and gave them their full and undiminished rights to safeguard and safeguard their rights contrary to the ancient ignorant people. s rights have undergone a paradigm shift under the Prophet Muhammad, Islam emphasized the protection, empowerment, progress and justice of women's rights. Equity of treatment, right to property, education, inheritance, right to work... etc. Thus, the Islamic sharia was the precursor to the recognition of these rights before they were enshrined in international conventions, national legislation and comparison. As far as Algerian legislation is concerned, as a priority, most of the Government's programs have been established since independence. s rights ", and has been steadily strengthened in recent years as this has been reflected on the ground by the enactment of a number of legal texts in the same context so that they can be strengthened for their application, translated through, for example: Family Code, Act establishing maintenance fund, Labour Code, Health Code, Penal Code, Prison Organization Act... It has also empowered women in political participation to be an essential component of political life in accordance with the quota system through the promotion of women's political representation and public life, all within the framework of the Algerian State's ratification of international conventions in this regard

Hassan, Osman. "The constitutional and legal framework for the institutionalization of the Kurdistan Regional Parliament." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp251-276.

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This research is discussing on the institutionalizing case of Kurdistan Region entity and Kurdistan Parliament as the primary power in its parliamentary political system in the state institutionalizing framework. This insight gives us the opportunity that institutionalization case through state forming module, development and dissolving based on the institutionalization theory should be considered. In this situation, we need to fcus on the most powerful political body in the Region which is the. parliament and its institutionalization framework. The research discusses power and its role with duties to achieve the obligations through the constitutional law and its norms with the tools to facilitate and run its duties. Thus, the main obstacles facing the institutionalization of the Parliament will be known, while the parliament is highly considered by civilians and people of Iraqi Kurdistan.

Rudzite, Liva, and Aleksei Kelli. "The Interaction Between Algorithmic Transparency and Legality: Personal Data Protection and Patent Law Perspectives." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.27.

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Artificial Intelligence and its sub-field Machine Learning in the European Union has been directed as one of the political priorities towards the augmentation of human prosperity. However, due to its characteristics, for instance, the “black-box” problem, AI may pose challenges within the existing legal framework. The article focuses on analysing the legality of algorithmic transparency in two fields in the EU- data protection (obligation to provide information to the data subject) and under the criteria of “sufficient disclosure” of the patent legal framework – to improve legal clarity concerning the issue.

Munsell, W. P. "Technology on Trial: The Social Framework of Safe Design." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87017.

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Blocked by novel judicial defenses that deprived them of the common law remedies that the general public enjoyed, workers agitated for decades until growing political pressure led employers and the courts to accept worker’s compensation in America at the beginning of the twentieth century. Two remarkable side-effects of the Worker’s Compensation Acts were the ignition of the safety movement and the reformulation of tort law in regards to technological harms. These changes came just as some of the dangers formerly reserved for industrial workers began to be visited upon consumers in the form of new, complex, and mass-produced products. Safety-minded engineers joined together to reassess the role of technology in accident-related injury, creating a new framework for design that shed old deterministic assumptions about operator behavior. Likewise, the legal community re-imagined tort law in view of a broad no-fault worker’s compensation system. The legal formulation culminated in a strict products liability regime in 1964, and a sea change in the social status of technology itself. But these two revolutionary conceptions, both oriented toward the protection of the user, are not equal: modern legal disputes serve to expose the disconnect between the engineering and legal frameworks of safe design.

Saeed, Kurdistan. "The impact of Political Parties Law no. 36 of 2015 on requlatinq political parties pluralism in Iraq." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp48-60.

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This study deals with the political parties’ pluralism in Iraq under the Parties Law No. 36 of 2015. The importance of the study lies in the fact that it looks at a topic that is at the heart of democracy and it is necessary for the success of any democratic processes. The study focuses on parties’ pluralism in Iraq since the establishment of the Iraqi state in 1921 until the end of the Baath Party regime in 2003, it also covers the period after 2003 and pays particular attention to the Parties Law No. 36 of 2015. It focuses on the legal framework of political parties after the adoption of the Political Parties Law and studies the impact of this law on parties’ pluralism in Iraq after its approval in 2015. The study concludes that Law No. 36 of 2015 is incapable of regulating parties’ pluralism for reasons including: the lack of commitment by the political parties to the provisions of the law, the inability of the Parties Affairs Department to take measures against parties that violate the law the absence of a strong political opposition that enhances the role of political parties, the association of most Iraqi parties with foreign agendas belonging to neighboring countries, and the fact that the majority of Iraqi parties express ethnic or sectarian orientations at the expense of national identity.

Звіти організацій з теми "Legal and political framework":

Elnour Abdelkarim, Zeinab. Assessing Sudan's Electoral Legal Framework. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.18.

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Assessing Sudanʼs Electoral Legal Framework provides an in-depth insight and analysis of Sudanʼs current legal framework for elections. It measures Sudanʼs legal electoral framework against a common international understanding of the principles, norms and obligations that define credible and democratic elections. The objective of this analysis is not to criticize or pass judgement on the countryʼs existing electoral processes; instead, it offers an unbiased assessment of how Sudanʼs existing electoral laws and country context create an enabling or disabling environment for free and fair elections. It provides comprehensive and constructive recommendations to strengthen existing legislation and improve fairness, uniformity, reliability, consistency and professionalism in Sudanʼs future elections. This Report also assesses the status of core democratic principles and freedoms that provide the foundation for credible elections and highlights any restrictions on these fundamental rights and liberties that could interfere with the countryʼs upcoming elections or delay its political transition. It calls upon the transitional government to protect citizensʼ rights and liberties and prevent abuses that may influence public trust, fairness, and openness of electoral and other transitional processes. Lastly, this Report discusses political, socio-economic, and legal issues impacting Sudanʼs roadmap to democratic transition before the October 2021 military coup.

Wentworth, Jonathan, and Anna Lavelle. EU Environmental Principles. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn590.

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Environmental principles inform legal and political frameworks that aim to minimise the ill-effects of human activity on the environment. In the EU (Withdrawal Act) 2018, the UK has committed to incorporating a set of environmental principles into UK legislation. This POSTnote summarises these principles and considers potential opportunities and challenges surrounding their implementation post-Brexit.

Lewis, Dustin, Gabriella Blum, and Naz Modirzadeh. Indefinite War: Unsettled International Law on the End of Armed Conflict. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/yrjv6070.

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Can we say, definitively, when an armed conflict no longer exists under international law? The short, unsatisfying answer is sometimes: it is clear when some conflicts terminate as a matter of international law, but a decisive determination eludes many others. The lack of fully-settled guidance often matters significantly. That is because international law tolerates, for the most part, far less violent harm, devastation, and suppression in situations other than armed conflicts. Thus, certain measures governed by the laws and customs of war—including killing and capturing the enemy, destroying and seizing enemy property, and occupying foreign territory, all on a possibly large scale—would usually constitute grave violations of peacetime law. This Legal Briefing details the legal considerations and analyzes the implications of that lack of settled guidance. It delves into the myriad (and often-inconsistent) provisions in treaty law, customary law, and relevant jurisprudence that purport to govern the end of war. Alongside the doctrinal analysis, this Briefing considers the changing concept of war and of what constitutes its end; evaluates diverse interests at stake in the continuation or close of conflict; and contextualizes the essentially political work of those who design the law. In all, this Legal Briefing reveals that international law, as it now stands, provides insufficient guidance to precisely discern the end of many armed conflicts as a factual matter (when has the war ended?), as a normative matter (when should the war end?), and as a legal matter (when does the international-legal framework of armed conflict cease to apply in relation to the war?). The current plurality of legal concepts of armed conflict, the sparsity of IHL provisions that instruct the end of application, and the inconsistency among such provisions thwart uniform regulation and frustrate the formulation of a comprehensive notion of when wars can, should, and do end. Fleshing out the criteria for the end of war is a considerable challenge. Clearly, many of the problems identified in this Briefing are first and foremost strategic and political. Yet, as part of a broader effort to strengthen international law’s claim to guide behavior in relation to war and protect affected populations, international lawyers must address the current confusion and inconsistencies that so often surround the end of armed conflict.

Kokurina, Olga Yu. STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT IN THE LIGHT OF A SYSTEMIC-ORGANIC APPROACH: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. SIB-Expertise, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0755.18122023.

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This electronic resource contains a critical summary of the problems of sovereign statehood and the responsibility of public authority in the light of an interdisciplinary systemic organic approach. The author reveals the essence and content of the categories “sovereign statehood” and “responsibility of public authority” as key factors of the state legal system for ensuring the life of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the emergence of a new world order. It is shown that the multi-valued category of “statehood” (statehood, stateness, nationhood, nationness) reflects the complexity of the concept, which characterizes the status and ability of the state to carry out its functions, and on the other hand, reflects the cultural-historical and spiritual-ideological unity of society, which is the deepest internal semantic content both preceding the state and completing its sociohistorical formation in the course of state development and historical transformations. Based on the systemic-organic approach and within the framework of the structure of the Aristotelian tetrad, the author reveals an integral model of the political and legal phenomenon of “statehood”, in which the final cause (ethion) is determined by “sovereign statehood”, which presupposes unity, integrity, actual autonomy, independence, independence and self-sufficiency states in making decisions that ensure the historical existence and development of the country. The work presents a theoretical understanding of social (public) solidarity as a legal construct and instrument of social harmony and integrity of the state-legal body of the Russian Federation. It is shown that public solidarity, as a constitutional and administrative-legal phenomenon in its positive and negative forms, creates the necessary basis for the implementation of the principle of mutual responsibility of the individual, society and state. An idea of the responsibilities of the state, its bodies and officials to the individual and society is given, the role and place of public legal responsibility of holders of power in the solidary social mechanism is outlined. In general, the results of interdisciplinary research are aimed at identifying key factors in social theory and practice that contribute to the acquisition of true independence and self-sufficiency of Russian statehood and the preservation of the civilizational foundations of a multinational Russian society. The manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and anyone interested in the theory and practice of government.

Buitrago García, Hilda Clarena. The Ins and Outs of Colombian Higher Education System. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gclc.37.

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In this critical reading, the importance of learning about some aspects related to the history, evolution, regulations, achievements, and challenges of higher education in Colombia is raised. This knowledge is especially relevant for tertiary education teachers. With this purpose in mind, the beginnings of such an educational system in the colonial period, as well as the transformations and milestones reached during the various historical, political, and economic changes that our country has had, are described. A description of the current state of tertiary education in Colombia is also offered through statistical data. Additionally, the laws, decrees, and resolutions that make up the legal framework, as well as the governmental bodies in charge of regulating its operation and guaranteeing the quality of the programs, are explained. It also examines the role that icts have in innovation processes and the changes and legislation that have arisen because of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that, despite its evident evolution, Colombian higher education still faces challenges that require the proposal of pedagogical, technological, and political measures that adjust to the needs of all the agents involved.

Okisatari, Mahesti, and Ahmad Mohd Khalid. Accelerating Climate Action in Africa: Insights from the 2022 Voluntary National Reviews. United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53326/zvdj2968.

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African countries are progressing on SDG 13 (climate action) and strengthening their implementation, despite the insufficient delivery of climate finance. Recognising these countries' vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, accelerated efforts are necessary to build an enabling environment — political, legal, technical, financial, and programmatic — aligned with each country’s needs and priorities. This policy brief offers recommendations for national policymakers in Africa to strengthen climate strategies, based on analysis of the 21 VNRs presented by African countries in 2022 (see Notes). It provides insights to better synergise SDG 13 efforts (e.g., with NDCs), considering the state of data reporting and the critical role of finance, capacity-building, and partnerships for climate action. Recommendations: (i) enhance monitoring, reporting, and evaluation for SDG 13 and associated indicators across all levels and sectoral scales; (ii) take urgent action to increase financial flows and improve resource mobilisation; (iii) accelerate the local adoption of disaster risk reduction strategies and climate action plans; (iv) strengthen policy and legal frameworks and increase efforts to improve institutional capacity.

Cavaille, Charlotte, Federica Liberini, Michela Redoano, Anandi Mani, Vera E. Troeger, Helen Miller, Ioana Marinescu, et al. Which Way Now? Economic Policy after a Decade of Upheaval: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Vera E. Troeger. The Social Market Foundation, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-41-5.

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Most, if not all advanced economies have suffered gravely from the 2008 global financial crisis. Growth, productivity, real income and consumption have plunged and inequality, and in some cases poverty, spiked. Some countries, like Germany and Australia, were better able to cope with the consequences but austerity has taken its toll even on the strongest economies. The UK is no exception and the more recent period of economic recovery might be halted or even reversed by the political, economic, and policy uncertainty created by the Brexit referendum. This uncertainty related risk to growth could be even greater if the UK leaves the economic and legal framework provided by the EU. This CAGE policy report offers proposals from different perspectives to answer the overarching question: What is the role of a government in a modern economy after the global financial crisis and the Brexit vote? We report on economic and social challenges in the UK and discuss potential policy responses for the government to consider. Foreword by: Lord O’Donnell of Clapham.

White, Jessica. Consensus vs. Complexity: Challenges of Adaptability for the UN Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Framework & the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda. RESOLVE Network, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/sfi2022.3.

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United Nations (UN) counter-terrorism (CT) policies are challenged by the emergence and resurgence of different threat profiles on the security horizon because its response framework is focused on one type of terrorism and violent extremism (T/VE) threat. As there is increasing focus on the threat of extreme right-wing T/VE in the current social and political context in the West, for example, the challenges of adaptability and transferability become apparent. This is often due to the lack of flexibility and nuance of the conversation around CT at the UN level. This same lack of consideration for complexity can be exemplified through the case of the UN Security Council’s (UNSC) Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda and the subsequent application of gender mainstreaming strategies. The WPS agenda was introduced with UNSC Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 in 2000 and developed over the next two decades with the adoption of nine follow-on resolutions. The increasing visibility of the impacts of terrorist groups on women and girls, and the articulation by some groups of a strategy that specifically targeted gender equality or utilized narratives promoting the subjugation of women, created greater momentum to push for the integration of the WPS and CT agendas, reflected most significantly in UNSCR 2242. However, even with this necessary focus on the protection and empowerment of women in the peace and security space, there has often been a more limited policy conversation around the wider gender perspective and analysis needed to effectively implement gender mainstreaming strategies. There needs to be increased attention given to understanding how socio-culturally defined gender roles and expectations impact how and why every individual engages with T/VE. Additionally, research is needed on how the wider gender equality goal of gender mainstreaming strategies can be implemented This research brief examines the adaptability and transferability of the last two decades of UN CT legal and policy frameworks and architecture to the evolving threat landscape.

Cachalia, Firoz, and Jonathan Klaaren. A South African Public Law Perspective on Digitalisation in the Health Sector. Digital Pathways at Oxford, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/05.

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We explored some of the questions posed by digitalisation in an accompanying working paper focused on constitutional theory: Digitalisation, the ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ and the Constitutional Law of Privacy in South Africa. In that paper, we asked what legal resources are available in the South African legal system to respond to the risk and benefits posed by digitalisation. We argued that this question would be best answered by developing what we have termed a 'South African public law perspective'. In our view, while any particular legal system may often lag behind, the law constitutes an adaptive resource that can and should respond to disruptive technological change by re-examining existing concepts and creating new, more adequate conceptions. Our public law perspective reframes privacy law as both a private and a public good essential to the functioning of a constitutional democracy in the era of digitalisation. In this working paper, we take the analysis one practical step further: we use our public law perspective on digitalisation in the South African health sector. We do so because this sector is significant in its own right – public health is necessary for a healthy society – and also to further explore how and to what extent the South African constitutional framework provides resources at least roughly adequate for the challenges posed by the current 'digitalisation plus' era. The theoretical perspective we have developed is certainly relevant to digitalisation’s impact in the health sector. The social, economic and political progress that took place in the 20th century was strongly correlated with technological change of the first three industrial revolutions. The technological innovations associated with what many are terming ‘the fourth industrial revolution’ are also of undoubted utility in the form of new possibilities for enhanced productivity, business formation and wealth creation, as well as the enhanced efficacy of public action to address basic needs such as education and public health.

S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.

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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030