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Chang, Siu Hua, and Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim. "Recovery of Precious Metals from Discarded Mobile Phones by Thiourea Leaching." Materials Science Forum 962 (July 2019): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.962.112.
The objective of this work was to recover gold and silver from the printed circuit board (PCB) of discarded mobile phones by thiourea leaching. Effects of thiourea concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, and ferric ion (Fe3+) concentration on the recovery of gold and silver were investigated. The PCB was pretreated physically to reduce the thiourea consumption and enhance the leaching process. It was found that the percentage of gold leaching was higher than that of silver at different conditions studied. The highest percentages of gold (96%) and silver (90%) leachings were achieved with 20 g/L of thiourea and 8 vol% of Fe3+ at 4 h of leaching time and 25°C of leaching temperature.
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B., Manoj, Kunjomana A. G., and Mansoor Ahmad. "Effect of Leaching High Ash Coal by Hydrofluoric Acid and EDTA on Removal of Mineral Matter and Sulphur." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.15.4.
Demineralization of coal was carried out using EDTA and HF. The residual coal from each treatment was characterized together with virgin coal using Scanning Electron Microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). An elemental analyzer was adopted to analyze CHNS on virgin and residual coal sample. The current research compares the leaching efficiency of a mild leachant and a strong leachant. The final analysis showed that the coal under study was subbituminous coal and leaching could improve the amount of carbonaceous material. It was observed that with HF leaching aluminates silicates and calcites are removed completely where as only feaces of sulphur remained. With EOTA leaching only calcium was removed. The Carbon content is increased to 77.461 from 60.121.
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Kosanlavit, Waraporn, and Napat Noinumsai. "Effects of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron on Soil-Leaching of Trinitrotoluene Contaminated Soil in Acid Rain Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 907 (January 21, 2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.907.66.
The study of effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on soil-leaching of trinitrotoluene (TNT) contaminated soil in the acid rain conditions is aim to the determination of the effect of nZVI which used as treatment material on soil leaching of TNT contaminated soil in raining condition. Research methodology, soil leaching batch reactor was designed for TNT remediation in soil with nZVI. The reactor was divided into three compartments for the different series of the experiment. Three compartments of the experiments were used for 1) TNT-contaminated soil column (without leaching), 2) TNT-contaminated soil was leached with rainwater, and 3) TNT-contaminated soil was mixed with nZVI and leached with rainwater. The leachants in the experiment were distilled water (pH 6-6.5) and artificial rainwater (pH≈5). The results of this study found the highest TNT removal efficiency was obtained from in the leaching column with nZVI, followed by the leaching column without nanoparticles and non-leaching column at 100.00, 37.25, and 10.65 % respectively. The leachant (artificial rain) which was slightly acidic in pH could remove some of TNT. The leachant improved solubility and transformation of nitro group in TNT to amino group by H ions addition. The results of the current study can be used to predict the circumstances of leaching TNT on-site in the rainy season.
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Park, Yujin, Yuik Eom, Kyoungkeun Yoo, and Manis Kumar Jha. "Leaching of Copper from Waste-Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in Sulfate Medium Using Cupric Ion and Oxygen." Metals 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091369.
In the present paper, the leaching of copper from printed circuit boards (PCBs) using sulfuric acid with Cu2+ and O2 is proposed. The effects of various process parameters such as agitation speed, temperature, the type and the flow rate of gas, initial Cu2+ concentration, and pulp density were investigated to examine the dissolution behavior of Cu from PCBs in 1 mol/L sulfuric acid. The kinetic studies were performed using the obtained leaching data. The leaching rate of Cu from PCBs was found to be higher on addition of Cu2+ and O2 to the leachant in comparison with the addition of O2 or both Cu2+ and N2 in the leachant. The leaching efficiency of Cu was found to be increased with increasing agitation speed, temperature, O2 flow rate, and initial Cu2+ concentration and decreasing pulp density. The 96% of Cu leaching efficiency was obtained under the following conditions: sulfuric acid concentration, 1 mol/L; temperature, 90 °C; agitation speed, 600 rpm; pulp density, 1%; initial Cu2+ concentration, 10,000 mg/L; and O2 flow rate, 1000 cc/min. The leaching data and analyses indicate that the Cu leaching from PCBs followed the reaction-controlled model satisfactorily and determined that the activation energy was found to be 23.8 kJ/mol. Therefore, these results indicate that the sulfuric acid solution with Cu2+ and O2 as a mild leach medium without strong oxidants such as HNO3, H2O2, and Fe3+ is valid for Cu leaching from PCBs.
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Sahu, Sibananda, Subhankar Pati, and Niharbala Devi. "A Detailed Kinetic Analysis of the Environmentally Friendly Leaching of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Monocarboxylic Acid." Metals 13, no. 5 (May 13, 2023): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13050947.
It is essential to develop a leaching procedure that uses minimal acid consumption, is economical, recovers large amounts of metal, and has a minimal negative impact on the environment. In this paper, a viable hydrometallurgical method using acetic acid as a leachant is suggested for recovering critical metals from waste LCO-type batteries. Several leaching parameters were examined in order to optimize the leaching conditions. With 1.2 mol/L acetic acid, 7% H2O2, 90 °C, an S/L ratio of 10 g/L, and a 60 min leaching period, the maximum leaching efficiencies of Li (99.6%) and Co (95.6%) were attained. By investigating the different kinetic models, it was feasible to figure out the reaction’s pace, as well as the mechanism involved in the leaching process. It was found, through the comprehensive kinetic studies of the leaching process, that the surface chemical reaction controls the leaching mechanism for waste LCO-type batteries. The economic viability of the current leaching procedure in comparison to those of earlier approaches is also discussed.
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Zha, Fusheng, Congmin Liu, Bo Kang, Long Xu, Chengbin Yang, Chengfu Chu, Chuang Yu, Wei Zhang, Jiwen Zhang, and Zhenghong Liu. "Effect of Carbonation on the Leachability of Solidified/Stabilized Lead-Contaminated Expansive Soil." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 11, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8880818.
Lime, fly ash, and alkaline residue are used widely as effective binders to solidify/stabilize heavy metal-contaminated expansive soil. Carbonation, however, may influence the effectiveness of solidification/stabilization (S/S) by decomposing hydration products and decreasing pH, which would seriously damage the long-term durability of stabilized soils. This study focused on the variation of leaching characteristics of solidified/stabilized lead-contaminated expansive soils before and after accelerated carbonation under the leachant of pH 3 and 5 by the semidynamic leaching test. After semidynamic leaching, leaching indexes such as the effective diffusion coefficient (De), leachability index (Lx), and slope (rc) were used to reveal the ion leaching mechanism. The results indicated that the amount of Pb2+ and Ca2+ leached out under different pH conditions increased after carbonation, which confirmed that carbonate on solidified/stabilized lead (Pb) had a negative impact. Additionally, the De values of Pb2+ and Ca2+ varied in the range of 1.16E − 10 cm2/s to 1.71E − 07 cm2/s, which demonstrated that ion migration was low. The contaminated soil solidified by lime and AR could be used in “controlled utilization” as Lx was higher than 9, and the leaching process was controlled by a dissolution reaction according to the analysis of rc. Moreover, the strong acidic leachant (pH = 3) resulted in more ions leaching out and lower pH in leachate compared with a mildly acidic leachant. Finally, with literature and experimental results, we found that the main reason for the increase of lead ion filtration of the carbonation reduced the pH value of the matrix and made the hydration products denatured and decomposed.
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Mohd Rozali, Mohd Fasyraf Hafizi, Nurulfazielah Nasir, Suhaina Ismail, and Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah. "Preliminary Studies on Acid Leaching of Finely-Ground Malaysian Low Grade Manganese Ore (LGMO)." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.364.
Ore samples, believed to be low grade manganese ore were characterized using XRD, XRF and SEM, before being ground further into very fine particle sizes going through a preliminary leaching process. Sulfuric acid was chosen as the leachant, and leaching was done without any presence of reducing agents.
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Munir, Badrul, Sulaksana Permana, Anggita Amilia, Ahmad Maksum, and Johny W. Soedarsono. "Initial Study for Cerium and Lanthanum Extraction from Bangka Tin Slag through NaOH and HClO4 Leaching." MATEC Web of Conferences 269 (2019): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926907003.
The global demand for rare earth elements have increased dramatically for the last decade as more and more devices use rare earth elements as key for their advanced properties. The paper explores the possibilty to recover cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) in Bangka tin slag (BTS) involving roasting at 900°C, water-quenching, and two leachings, 8M NaOH leaching and HClO4 leaching at concentrations of 0.1M, 0.4M, and 0.8M. HClO4 leaching causes Ce and La contents to decrease to 0.47% for 0.1M, 0.51% for 0.4M, and 0.59% for 0.8M. On the other hand, 8M NaOH optimizes cerium and lanthanum contents up to 4.35% and 1.45%, respectively.
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Keel, Kevin R., Charles H. Gilliam, Glenn R. Wehtje, Tim L. Grey, Gary J. Keever, and Donald J. Eakes. "Herbicide Adsorption and Release Properties of Five Oxadiazon-Coated Fertilizers." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 16, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-16.4.230.
Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the release of oxadiazon coated on control-release fertilizers. Five fertilizers and glass beads (nonabsorbent control) were coated with 14C-oxadiazon + formulated oxadiazon at a herbicide-to-fertilizer concentration of 0.3 mg ai/g. Coated fertilizers were subjected to 14 consecutive daily water leaching events. For the control-release fertilizers, Nutricote, Meister and Osmocote, 70%–80% of the coated oxadiazon was released in the first 3 leaching events; each leaching event after the 7th leaching event contained less than 1% of total applied oxadiazon. In contrast, 56% of the total applied oxadiazon was leached from Polyon 24N–1.7P–10K (24–4–12) in the first 3 leachings and similar percentages of oxadiazon were leached over each of the last 11 leaching events. Coating the five fertilizers with isoxaben produced similar results. A second experiment evaluated the effects of the addition of Prime Oil, Complex (sticker), Plex (sticker), and Intac (sticker) on release rates of oxadiazon-coated Osmocote 17N–3.1P–10K (17–7–12). Oxadiazon-coated Osmocote alone and oxadiazon-coated Polyon alone were also evaluated. Eighty-five percent of the total applied oxadiazon was leached from oxadiazon-coated Osmocote alone during the first leaching event and less than 1% was recovered with each consecutive leaching after the third leaching. Oxadiazon-coated Osmocote treated with Plex responded similarly to oxadiazon-coated Osmocote. Oxadiazon-coated Osmocote treated with Complex, Intac, or Prime Oil and oxadiazon-coated Polyon lost 21%, 20%, 16%, and 24%, respectively, of the applied herbicide after the first leaching event. Thereafter, nearly equal amounts of oxadiazon (5%) were leached from Complex, Prime Oil, Intac and Polyon alone from the 6th through the 11th leaching events.
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Ma, Guo Jun, Hui Tang, and Yi Biao Jin. "Mineral Sequestration of CO2 Using Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Steelmaking Slag." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2140.
A promising option for long-term storage of CO2 is to fix CO2 by industrial solid wastes, such as basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking slag. It is advantage to use BOF steelmaking slag to fix CO2, such as large volume of BOF steelmaking slag, low price of raw materials, close to the CO2 emission sources, and no secondary pollution. It is of great significance to the CO2 emissions reduction and solid waste disposal in the ironmaking and steelmaking plant. In this paper, the leaching process, impurities removing and carbonation of steelmaking plant waste slag were studied at ambient pressure. The results show that Ca2+ leaching mainly occurs at the beginning 60min in the leaching process. The Ca2+ leaching ratio can reach about 45% with the leachant of 2mol/L HAc, leaching temperature of 30°C and solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. Moreover, it can effectively remove Mg2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ by adding small amounts of NaOH and triethanolamine in the leaching solution, and thereafter, high purity CaCO3 products can be obtained through the carbonation process.
Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is the most abundant of the copper sulfides and also one of the
most refractory for leaching. Several processing routes have been proposed to
overcome drawbacks associated with environmental problems related to copper
extraction from this mineral. Atmospheric leaching in acidic ferric sulfate is regarded as
being particularly attractive over other hydrometallurgical systems. However, the
challenge has been to overcome the problem of slow extraction rates due to passivity
encountered at high solution potentials in this system. This highlights the need to
investigate better operating conditions to optimize copper extraction and prevent the
problem of passivation, and to develop suitable modeling tools to assess and diagnose
leaching performance.
In this work, a dissolution rate expression for chalcopyrite leaching in acidic ferric sulfate
media is proposed accounting for effects in the active and passive regions under
potentials from 415 to 550 mV (Ag/AgCl). A model of chemical speciation in the bulk
solution elucidates the idea of passivation caused by precipitation of ferric species and
their consequent adsorption onto the chalcopyrite surface. Electrochemical studies on
massive samples of chalcopyrite involving characterization and modeling of the anodic
and cathodic half-cell reactions of chalcopyrite leaching together with mixed potential
considerations lead to the development of the mathematical expression for dissolution rate.
The mathematical model was calibrated with electrochemical parameters and results
are in good agreement with real leaching data from batch tests for solution potential
regions where passivity is not observed. On the other hand, the passive region was
modeled by means of adjusting parameters related to adsorption energies of the
passivating species. Results of the model for this region deviate from real data as
potential becomes higher probably due to diffusion resistance through a layer
composed of ferric complexes.
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Munkondya, Ferguson Mukozoke. "Kinetic modelling of leaching." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47583.
The uranium price decline has negatively impacted on the uranium mining industry. This
decline in price requires that uranium metallurgical processes be made to operate more
efficiently. Some key parameters that influence the dissolution and kinetics of leaching
uraninite (one of the main minerals from which uranium can be extracted) are pH, oxidationreduction
potential and iron concentration. A good understanding of the effect these
parameters have on the leach kinetics would lead to an efficient operation of metallurgical
processes. The objective of this work was therefore to investigate the effects of these key
drivers on leach kinetics of Rӧssing Uranium ore. Added to this, was an attempt to come up
with a mathematical model which can successfully replicate the leach kinetics. A series of
laboratory leach experiments were performed on Rӧssing ore where the pH, oxidationreduction
potential and total iron were varied, one at a time, to establish the effects they
have on the leach kinetics and on the uranium extraction.
Analysis of the data collected from this study showed that the leach kinetics are more
dependent on the oxidation-reduction potential, followed by the iron concentration and least
affected by the pH. It was further shown that oxidation-reduction potential is a function of
total iron. An integral method was used to analyse the kinetic data. A literature study reveals
that uraninite dissolution follows first order kinetics, but of interest in these results was that
the uranium dissolution was found to closely follow the second order. Further research is
recommended to look at ascertaining these results. Two models were developed, one using regression and the other by curve fitting method. Both models could fit the
experimental data well enough. Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016. Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering MSc Unrestricted
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Watson, Jack. "Leaching for Maintenance: Factors to Consider for Determining the Leaching Requirement for Crops (AZ." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146964.
3 pp. As a result of the application of irrigation water containing soluble salts, a salt load is continually added to the soil. Soil salts have to be removed on an ongoing basis through maintenance leaching to prevent yield losses from a salinity buildup. This publication provides factors to consider for determining the leaching requirement for crops.
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Tavakolikhaledi, Mohammadreza. "Vanadium : leaching and solvent extraction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46814.
The fundamental understanding of vanadium hydrometallurgy was developed in three phases: vanadium (V) leaching, vanadium (III) oxidative leaching, and solvent extraction of vanadium (V&IV).
In the first section, V₂O₅ leaching was studied in three steps. First, vanadium leaching and solubility of VO₂⁺ at different pH’s and temperatures were investigated in sulfuric acid. Secondly, the kinetics of vanadium leaching in pH 5 and pH 8 solutions, and the reductive leaching of vanadium pentoxide using sodium sulfite were studied. It was shown that the kinetics of acid leaching is rapid but suffers from low solubility of VO₂⁺ in solution. Thirdly, the shrinking sphere model was employed to analyze the kinetics of reductive leaching.
In the second step, V₂O₃ oxidative leaching was studied from 30°C to 90°C in sulfuric acid. This study has also been done in three different sections. First, the kinetics of oxidative leaching using oxygen was investigated. It was shown that this oxidative leaching is chemical reaction rate controlled with an activation energy of 69 kJ/mol. In the next step, it was shown that the presence of ferric enhanced kinetics significantly. Finally, oxidative leaching using a constant ferric-ferrous ratio from 1 to 300 was studied. The addition of KMnO₄ solution to the leach reactor was found to be a suitable oxidant for controlling solution potential. The oxidation rate using the constant ferric-ferrous ratio was very sensitive to temperature, with a large activation energy (38 kJ/mol) and the rate was proportional to the Fe(III)/Fe(II) concentration to the power of 0.47.
In the third part, purification of synthetic vanadium-containing solutions using the solvent extraction technique was investigated. Various solvent extractants have been tested for vanadium recovery from acid leachates. One of the biggest problems for purification of the vanadium solution is iron separation. Therefore, this research assesses selectivity of vanadium over iron. The extraction of vanadium (V&IV), iron (III&II) with phosphinic acid (CYANEX 272), phosphonic acid (IONQUEST 801), phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and phosphine oxide (CYANEX 923) extractants is reported. In addition, the extraction reactions for vanadium (V) and (IV) extraction using CYANEX 923 and D2EHPA were also studied.
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Hill, Annette Rosemary. "Leaching of alternative pavement materials." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410354.
Dubus, Igor G. "Calibration of pesticide leaching models." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269528.
Bibliography: pages 82-90. The bioleaching of pyrite has been found to occur via an indirect mechanism. Ferric iron leaches the pyrite, and is reduced to ferrous iron. Bacteria such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidise the ferrous iron to ferric iron, thus maintaining a high redox potential. In this thesis, the effect of the redox potential on the ferric leach rate was investigated by examining previously published data and by developing an experimental technique where dynamic redox potential measurements were used to study the kinetics of the sub-process. The ferric leach rate of pyrite was found to be of the order of 5 x 10⁻⁷ moles pyrite per mole pyrite per second, which is of the same order of magnitude as rates reported for the bioleaching of pyrite over similar ranges of redox potential. The rate decreased as the redox potential decreased, in what appeared to be a Butler-Volmer-like manner. This, along with the observation that there was no significant effect of the total iron concentration, suggested the likelihood of an electrochemical mechanism being operative, with charge transfer at the pyrite surface being rate limiting.
Engineering, Gormely Process, Northern Affairs Program (Canada). Northern Environment Directorate., and Canada. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada., eds. Heap leaching literature review. Ottawa: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, 1987.
Lin, H. K. Ferric chloride leaching of the Delta sulfide ores and gold extraction from the leaching residue. Fairbanks, Alaska: Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska, 1988.
1958-, Sandoval S. P., Bush R. P, and United States. Bureau of Mines, eds. Effect of additives on chalcopyrite leaching. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1995.
Dixon, David G. Hydrometallurgical reactor design and analysis: A short course presented to supporters of the Industrial Research Chair in Hydrometallurgy. Vancouver, B.C: Centre for Metallurgical and Process Engineering, 1995.
Miller, Laura T., Lionel Stange, Charles MacVean, Jorge R. Rey, J. H. Frank, R. F. Mizell, John B. Heppner, et al. "Leaching." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2145. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_1979.
Roshchina, Victoria V., and Valentina D. Roshchina. "Leaching." In The Excretory Function of Higher Plants, 159–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78130-8_6.
Gooch, Jan W. "Leaching." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 422. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6825.
Bärlocher, Felix. "Leaching." In Methods to Study Litter Decomposition, 37–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30515-4_5.
Reichenau, Tim G., Christian W. Klar, Victoria I. S. Lenz-Wiedemann, Peter Fiener, and Karl Schneider. "Nitrate Leaching." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 303–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_38.
Gooch, Jan W. "Leaching Rate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 422. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6826.
Lapidus, Gretchen T. "Selective Leaching." In Sustainability in the Mineral and Energy Sectors, 157–71. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2016. | “A CRC title.”: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315369853-9.
Gupta, Raj K., and I. P. Abrol. "Salt Leaching." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 611–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_498.
Chakraborty, Akshoy Kumar. "NAOH Leaching Study." In Phase Transformation of Kaolinite Clay, 153–73. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1154-9_17.
Krumins, Valdis, Lawrence Koss, Mary Hummerick, and Richard Strayer. "Continuous Leaching (Bio)reactor." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2350.
Xuan Phuc, Nguyen. "Leaching of Lead (Pb) in Abandoned Mine Soil in Column Leaching Experiment." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71068.
Amaya, T., A. Mukunoki, M. Shibuya, and Hiroshi Kodama. "Leaching of Iodide Ion From BiPbO2I Under Reducing Conditions." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1299.
Abstract Radioactive wastes containing Iodine-129 are to be disposed of in Japan in an underground facility together with TRU wastes. Iodine-129 has a long half-life (1.6 × 107 y) and it is strongly adsorbed in the thyroid gland when it intrudes into the human body. The main chemical formulae of iodine in an alkaline solution are I− and IO3−, and these anion species are absorbed only to a very small extent on silicate minerals. Iodine-129, therefore, is one of the key nuclides to be studied in the geological disposal of radioactive wastes. Recently, a new inorganic ion-exchanger, BiPbO2NO3, has been developed which reacts with iodide ions in a solution by forming BiPbO2I (BPI). The leach resistance of BPI encapsulated in cement (BPIC) was studied in a solution under geological conditions. The leaching experiment was carried out in an inert glove box in which the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide were maintained at less than 1 ppm. Pure water was degassed 12 hours prior to use. Two kinds of solution were prepared: one was low salinity solution (RW), and the other was high salinity solution (SW). Leachants were prepared by adding a reductant (N2H4) to each solution and pH was adjusted to a fixed value. BPIC was mixed with the leachant in a plastic container. The container was shaken continuously at ambient temperature for six months. The concentrations of iodide ions, bismuth ions and lead ions in the leachant were analyzed periodically using ICP-AES. Limited numbers of iodide ions (2%–4%) were released from BPIC in the initial period of leaching, following which no additional release of iodide ion was observed for six months. No significant difference was observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns of BPI in BPIC before and after the experiment. These results indicate that iodine is fixed tightly in BPIC. A mechanism of the leaching resistance is discussed.
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Xie, Hong-Yan, Hui Lu, and Ji-Kun Wang. "KINETICS OF MANGANESE LEACHING DURING PRESSURE ACID LEACHING OF LOW GRADE MANGANESE ORES." In 2015 International Conference on Energy and Mechanical Engineering. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814749503_0044.
Ivanka Anguelova and Gueorgui Anguelov. "Zinc Leaching Potential in Pastureland." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18947.
Aleksei, Kritskii, Karimov Kirill, and Naboichenko Stanislav. "Pressure leaching of chalcopyrite concentrate." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2017): Metallurgy and Advanced Material Technology for Sustainable Development. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5038330.
Kolupaeva, V. N., A. A. Belik, and A. A. Kokoreva. "Lysimeter Leaching Study of Cyantraniliprole." In The 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/awspt18.133.
Ruixiang Wang, Jie Zeng, Jinhui Li, and Motang Tang. "Recovery of zinc and silver from zinc acid-leaching residue by sulphation roasting-water leaching of zinc and iron-silver chlorination leaching method." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Service System (CSSS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csss.2011.5972064.
Fauzi, Ahmad, Latifa Hanum Lalasari, Nofrijon Sofyan, Donanta Dhaneswara, and Akhmad Herman Yuwono. "Synthesis of titanium oxysulfate from ilmenite through hydrothermal, water leaching and sulfuric acid leaching routes." In 1ST INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON ADVANCES IN METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (i-SENAMM 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015864.
Treese, Daniel P., Shirley E. Clark, and Katherine H. Baker. "Nutrient Leaching from Disturbed Soil Horizons." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)302.
Baker, S., J. Bull, and D. Goss. Leaching of accelerator-produced radionuclides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10149440.
Waganet, R. J., John Duxbury, Uri Mingelgrin, John Hutson, and Zev Gerstl. Consequences of Nonequilibrium Pesticide Fate Processes on Probability of Leaching from Agricultural Lands. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568769.bard.
Pesticide leaching in heterogeneous field soils is relatively unstudied and is the focus of this project. A wide variety of heterogeneous soils exist, characterized by processes that result from the presence of structural cracks, worm holes, and other preferred pathways within which the majority of transport can occur (called physical non-equilibrium processes), along with the presence of sorption processes that are both equilibrium and kinetic (chemical non-equilibrium processes). Previous studies of pesticide leaching have focused primarily on relatively homogeneous soils, which are less widely distributed in nature, but more studied due to the relative ease with which quantitative theory can be applied to interpret experimental results. The objectives of the proposed project were: first, to gain greater insight into the basic physical and chemical processes that characterize non-equilibrium systems, second, to improve our ability to predict pesticide leaching in heterogeneous field soils, and third, to estimate the consequences of non-equilibrium processes at the field scale by conducting an analysis of the probability of pesticide leaching when non-equilibrium processes prevail. The laboratory, theoretical and modelling aspects of the project were successful; the field aspects less so. We gained greater insight into basic processes in heterogeneous field soils, and we improved and tested tools (simulation models) and the methodology of using such tools for assessing the probability of pesticide leaching as a contribution to broader risk analysis efforts.
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McCabe, D., J. Jeff Pike, and B. Bill Wilmarth. ALUMINUM AND CHROMIUM LEACHING WORKSHOP WHITEPAPER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/909349.
Kosiewicz, S. T., and R. C. Heaton. Leaching behavior of particulate plutonium oxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5412830.
Chojnicki, Kirsten, Raquel Valdez, and David Hart. Cavern Leaching Monitoring CY18 And CY19. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1775194.
Wronkiewicz, D. J., J. K. Bates, T. J. Gerding, E. Veleckis, and B. S. Tani. Leaching patterns and secondary phase formation during unsaturated leaching of UO{sub 2} at 90{degrees}C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/140730.
Delegard, C. H., and D. E. Rinehart. Radionuclide Leaching from Organic Ion Exchange Resin. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5106.
Fuhrmann, M., R. F. Pietrzak, E. M. Franz, J. H. III Heiser, and P. Colombo. Optimization of the factors that accelerate leaching. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5624066.
