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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024
Оновлено: 27 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Law – wales – history"

1

Ireland, Richard W. "A Legal History of Legal History in England and Wales." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 99 (June 30, 2022): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.99.07.

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This article explores the development of the study of legal history as a subject in the law schools of England and Wales. It outlines changes in university education more generally, and in legal scholarship in particular and how those changes impact the particular subject under study. Drawing on empirical studies and personal reflections relating to past experience it concludes by speculating on potential different outcomes, both positive and negative, which may emerge when the universities of England and Wales emerge from the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which the piece was written.
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2

Engelhardt, Hanns. "Norman Doe, The Law of the Church in Wales. University of Wales Press." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 90, no. 1 (August 1, 2004): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgka.2004.90.1.613.

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3

Symondson, Brian. "The Consolidated Index to Law Reports." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing 18, no. 2 (October 1, 1992): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.1992.18.2.3.

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4

Cowley, F. G., and Huw Pryce. "Native Law and the Church in Medieval Wales." American Historical Review 99, no. 4 (October 1994): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168816.

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5

Stevens, Matthew Frank, and Teresa Phipps. "Towards a Characterization of ‘Race Law’ in Medieval Wales." Journal of Legal History 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 290–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440365.2020.1839694.

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6

Parkin, Sally. "Witchcraft, women's honour and customary law in early modern Wales ∗." Social History 31, no. 3 (August 2006): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071020600746636.

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7

Kercher, Bruce. "Recovering and Reporting Australia's Early Colonial Case Law: The Macquarie Project." Law and History Review 18, no. 3 (2000): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744073.

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When it was established in 1788, New South Wales became the most remote, and most peculiar, of the British empire's overseas colonies. The founding colony of what would eventually become Australia, it was established as a penal colony, a place to send the unwanted criminals of Britain and Ireland. Britain lost more than the majority of its North American possessions in the late eighteenth century. It also lost its principal repository for unwanted felons. New South Wales filled the gap.
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8

Seal, Lizzie, and Alexa Neale. "Racializing Mercy: Capital Punishment and Race in Twentieth-Century England and Wales." Law and History Review 38, no. 4 (November 2020): 883–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248020000371.

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Fifty-seven men of color were sentenced to death by the courts of England and Wales in the twentieth century and were less likely to receive mercy than white contemporaries. Though shocking, the data is perhaps unsurprising considering institutional racism and unequal access to justice widely highlighted by criminologists since the 1970s. We find discourses of racial difference were frequently mobilized tactically in nineteenth- and twentieth-century England and Wales: to support arguments for mercy and attempt to save prisoners from the gallows. Scholars have identified historically and culturally contingent narratives traditionally deployed to speak to notions of lesser culpability. These mercy narratives reveal contemporary ideals and attitudes to gender or class. This article is original in identifying strategic mercy narratives told in twentieth-century England and Wales that called on contemporary tropes about defendants' race. The narratives and cases we explore suggest contemporary racism in the criminal justice system of England and Wales has a longer history than previously acknowledged.
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9

Gawalt, Gerard W., and Richard L. Abel. "The Legal Profession in England and Wales." American Journal of Legal History 33, no. 4 (October 1989): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/845303.

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10

Allen, Judith, and Paula J. Byrne. "Criminal Law and Colonial Subject: New South Wales, 1810-1830." American Historical Review 99, no. 5 (December 1994): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168522.

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Дисертації з теми "Law – wales – history"

1

Copp, Stephen. "The early development of company law in England and Wales : values and efficiency." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2003. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/17282/.

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It has been claimed that “The limited liability corporation is the greatest single discovery of modern times. Even steam and electricity are less important than the limited liability company” (N.M. Butler, President of Columbia University). Indeed,there is a near universal consensus that the companies' legislation developed in England and Wales between 1844 and 1856 represented a major change in business organisation with profound – and continuing - social and economic consequences. Despite this there has been relatively little analysis of the origins and effect of that companies legislation. This is surprising, not least in the light of the abundance of recent analysis of the theoretical foundations of the company. It represents a major weakness in both company law and economic scholarship with potentially serious consequences for those who seek to reform company law. This dissertation seeks to redress that weakness by investigating the extent to which the Joint Stock Companies Acts 1844 to 1856 and the values which shaped them were consistent with economic efficiency. The values which shaped the early development of company law were found to be broadly consistent with economic efficiency but contradictory, for example, not only laissez-faire but the desire for state intervention were important. Central appear to have been the minimisation of expense and/ or inconvenience, the fear of fraud and the need for transparency of information. Making an overall assessment of the efficiency of the 1844 to 1856 Acts themselves proved more difficult since there were found to be many provisions that were efficiency-enhancing and many which were not. Perhaps the most interesting single finding was that which contradicted claims noted at the outset that the limited liability corporation was “ ... the greatest single discovery of modern times ....”. Rather, from an economic perspective, the introduction of limited liability appears to have been the inevitable result of the muddled thinking behind the 1844 Act, which required urgent corrective action in the 1855 and 1856 Acts to protect risk-averse investors. Generally, the dissertation provides support for mainstream transaction cost economic analysis whilst casting doubt on the significance of other theories such as jurisdictional competition, regulatory capture and path dependency.
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2

Hulonce, Lesley. "Imposed and imagined childhoods : the making of the poor law child, Swansea 1834-1910." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678492.

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3

Owen, John Gwilym. "Aspects of the law of real property in England and Wales : a Welshman's perspective." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/aspects-of-the-law-of-real-property-in-england-and-wales--a-welshmans-perspective(9835ee6d-fb2e-41bf-95c6-1bb61b9a23cc).html.

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4

Waugh, Harry. "Allodium and Conquest: Renegotiating the Transnational History of the alod." Thesis, Department of History, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29623.

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This thesis examines the history of the legal term “alod”, a condition denoting absolute ownership of land without acknowledgement to any superior. This longue durée study uncovers its origins in late antiquity, its medieval fortunes, and its vexed history as a rejected article in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century English legal discourse. Following the term to two British colonies (America and New South Wales), the thesis demonstrates the fate of the alod on the fringes of empire. The analysis reveals its power as a threat to English imperial land administration and renegotiates its current value in arguments for post-colonial Indigenous land reparation.
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5

Rawlings, Philip. "The reform of punishment and the criminal justice system in England and Wales from the late seventeenth century to the early nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Hull, 1988. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3150.

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6

Stewart, Malcolm Grant. "The regulation of third party funding of commercial litigation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35636/.

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Chapter 1 introduces the topic of third party funding of litigation which is a recent phenomenon in academic circles. Few of the existing papers on commercial litigation funding are empirically based and those that are, with one exception, use surveys and interviews to collect data. Within the legal boundaries of litigation funding, economic theory predicts that in perfectly competitive markets consumers control what is supplied, prices cover costs without excessive profits and inefficient producers are eliminated. However reality rarely conforms to prediction, and regulation may be appropriate in the public interest to overcome market failures arising from information asymmetries. The research focus is: ‘How effectively are commercial third party litigation funders governed and/or regulated?’ Chapter 2 proceeds to consider the literature on regulation, it’s applicability to litigation funding and the interests of stakeholders. A major concern is the ability of a litigation funder to pay the costs of a winning defendant. The conclusion reached in Chapter 3 is that litigation funders have too much choice in the way they report and disclose information and what they actually report and disclose is deficient in meeting the needs of investors. In Chapter 4, using single firm event study methodology I discover that the stock exchange market does not always react as predicted to disclosure by litigation funders and consequently the market is not an adequate proxy for a regulator. Chapter 5 extends chapter 3 on the solvency issue and also considers other stakeholder issues e.g. ethical ones which may require regulation. The conclusion reached is that a light touch independent regulator overseen by the legal services board would be appropriate. This work narrows the literature gap for empirically based economic research and augments and extends the existing literature by examining third party funding of heterogeneous high value, low volume cases in contrast to homogenous, low value, high volume cases. It is the first work on the accounting regulation of litigation funding. This work will also assist investors, the judiciary and other stakeholders to better evaluate the risks of this new industry.
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7

Helbert, Daniel Glynn. "Layamon's Brut and the March of Wales: Merlin, his Prophecies, and the Lex Marchia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76961.

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This study explores Layamon's engenderment of cultural unification for the explicit purposes of an Anglo-Welsh cultural resistance to the Norman overlords in the March of Wales. In essence, I examine some of the most important cultural signifiers in medieval English and Welsh culture and the methods by which the poet adapts and grafts them together to form a culturally amalgamated text—neither explicitly English nor Welsh but yet simultaneously both - and the political implications of this amalgamation. Though Laymon's methodology emanates from multiple aspects of the text, I have concentrated here on what I feel are the most explicit manifestations of this theme: Merlin, his prophecies, and the Law of the March.
Master of Arts
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8

Gooch, Kate Elizabeth. "Boys to men : growing up and doing time in an English young offender institution." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4170/.

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Child imprisonment has a long history, one that predates the formal creation of juvenile justice. However, the continued use of prison establishments for children, known as young offender institutions (YOIs), remains a controversial issue. This thesis seeks to advance the debate regarding the abolition of child imprisonment by drawing on empirical research conducted in an English YOI accommodating teenage boys. In so doing, the thesis contributes to the established prison ethnographic literature by developing an understanding of the attitudes and lived experiences of child prisoners, a typically overlooked dimension of prison ethnography. The thesis critically analyses three key themes that emerged from the empirical research: surviving life inside; interpersonal victimisation; and, the nature of the staff-prisoner relationships and the use of power. It is argued that imprisonment is far from a neutral experience. The stark similarities between the lived experience of adult and child prisoners illustrate the futility of attempting to create a distinct secure estate for children whilst retaining the use of YOIs. The differences that do exist only serve to demonstrate the inappropriateness of detaining children in the prison environment. The recent fall in the youth custody population presents an opportunity to finally abolish child prisons.
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9

Turton, David James. "Australia's Coal Seam Gas Debate: Perspectives across Time, Space, Law and Selected Professions." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142834.

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Coal seam gas (CSG) extraction is a source of ongoing controversy in the Australian States of New South Wales and Queensland. Primarily composed of methane, CSG has evolved from a gas extracted in the interests of coal miner safety, to a profitable concern, source of electricity generation and, arguably, a transition fuel in a carbon-constrained future. Efforts to develop Australia’s CSG industry since the early 2000s has brought the sector into increased geographical proximity with existing land uses. Arguments over CSG and its potential risks and benefits remain ongoing, yet the nation’s CSG debate often lacks historical context, geographical insights, justice research perspectives and viewpoints from key professionals associated with this resource. This thesis therefore poses the overarching question: how can environmental history, legal geography, procedural and distributive justice, and profession-specific insights from lawyers, judges and planners, shed light upon this controversial resource? Drawing on a typology of relevance for environmental history, current CSG land access conflicts in Queensland are contextualised within past efforts in that State to promote coexistence between grain growers and coal miners, comparing the State’s statutorily enshrined Land Access Code 2010 with a voluntary Explorer-Landholder Procedures Guide produced in 1982 by agricultural and mining stakeholders. Building on this temporal aspect of formal and informal land access agreements, a legal geography lens is taken to unconventional gas in Australia, highlighting its value as a tool for investigating CSG – particularly for investigating the involvement of lawyers and judges in land use disputes. Acknowledging that lawyers are multifaceted participants in Australia’s CSG discussion, an extended study of their participation in recorded community forums in Queensland and New South Wales demonstrates this profession’s significant role in informing community forum audiences about land access laws concerning CSG, while also critiquing these laws by referring to personal experiences with the legal process. Viewpoints from judges associated with CSG-related litigation were also sought out and framed by both legal geography and procedural and distributive justice. An examination of a selection of court judgments concerning CSG revealed that procedural and distributive justice issues have arisen in New South Wales and Queensland. These judgments attend to the place of Australian local governments in negotiations with CSG operators, the provision of accurate mapping information to landholders by CSG companies and the nature of effective engagement in community consultation. Judges were also shown to engage with geographical concepts in their rulings, namely scale. Finally, this thesis examines planners in Australia’s CSG controversy. Advancing research into the roles and self-perceptions of planners through interviews with planners in New South Wales and Queensland and related documentary sources, these professionals were found to be flexible in their approach to the industry, adopting community advocate, facilitator of development and social gatekeeper roles as needed. The discussion and findings of this research pose important questions about CSG and the multifaceted impacts of this unconventional fossil fuel – stressing the utility of analysis that is informed by space, law, history, justice and the expertise of professionals.
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10

García, Chávez Tania Guadalupe. "Perspectives on community policing : a social constructivist and comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3459/.

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Community policing is one of the more significant recent developments in policing and the notion has been widely discussed and applied around the world. This thesis examines its various conceptions as discussed in the literature and in practice, with particular emphasis being given to the role of trust between police and citizens in this context. The investigation adopts a constructivist and qualitative comparative analysis based in two countries: Mexico and the UK (with two case studies in each country) and with data primarily collected through interviews with samples of police and citizens. Key findings are that: The variety of conceptions about community policing highlight the complex nature of the notion and the many factors shaping its varied practices. Police assumptions as to what constitutes good practice in community policing and what success might look like, deserve to be re-examined. The social constructions that police and citizens hold about community policing provide valuable sources of insight which challenge some of the conventional understandings regarding policing priorities. Trust is a vital ingredient for successful community policing and needs to be based as much on the police trusting citizens and communities as the other way round.
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Книги з теми "Law – wales – history"

1

Watkin, Thomas Glyn. The legal history of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2007.

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2

Pryce, Huw. Native law and the church in medieval Wales. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

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3

Norman, Doe, ed. The law of the Church in Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2003.

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4

A history of criminal justice in England and Wales. Hook, Hampshire: Waterside Press, 2009.

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5

Hostettler, John. A history of criminal justice in England and Wales. Hook, Hampshire: Waterside Press, 2009.

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6

Stacey, Robin Chapman. Lawbooks and legal enforcement in medieval Ireland and Wales. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1987.

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7

Digby, Anne. The Poor Law in nineteenth-century England and Wales. London: Historical Association, 1985.

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8

Roberts, Sarah Elin. The legal triads of medieval Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2007.

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9

Woods, G. D. A history of criminal law in New South Wales: The colonial period, 1788-1900. Annandale, NSW: Federation Press, 2002.

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10

Charlesworth, Lorie. Welfare's forgotten past: A socio-legal history of the poor law. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Law – wales – history"

1

Edbury, Peter W. "Preaching the Crusade in Wales." In Law and History in the Latin East, XXIII_221—XXIII_233. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003421061-23.

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2

Downes, David, and Tim Newburn. "British Politics of Law and Order, 1992-1997." In The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales, 125–72. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003330981-6.

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3

Downes, David, and Tim Newburn. "The Rise of Law and Order Politics, 1970-1979." In The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales, 48–74. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003330981-4.

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4

Downes, David, and Tim Newburn. "The Politics of Law and Order in a Changing Society, 1945-1970." In The Official History of Criminal Justice in England and Wales, 7–47. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003330981-3.

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5

Loughton, Gavin. "Did the Early British Colonists Regard the Indigenous Peoples of New South Wales as Subjects of the Crown Entitled to the Protection of English Law?" In The Impact of Law's History, 201–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90068-7_11.

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6

Harris, Alana. "‘Pope Norman’, Griffin’s Report and Roman Catholic Reactions to Homosexual Law Reform in England and Wales, 1954–1971." In New Approaches in History and Theology to Same-Sex Love and Desire, 93–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70211-7_6.

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Sanderson, Pete, and Hilary Sommerlad. "A Double Helix: The Intertwined History of the Marginalisation of Welfare Clients and Their Activist Lawyers and Advisers in the Transformation of the Welfare State in England and Wales." In Transformations of European Welfare States and Social Rights, 83–101. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46637-3_5.

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AbstractThis chapter draws on four qualitative studies conducted in England from the mid-1990s to 2015, to trace the intertwined stories of the emergence, flourishing and decline of activist welfare professionals committed to democratising access to justice and the expansion of and subsequent restriction in legal subjectivity. It situates these professionals’ role conception and practices in post-war UK social citizenship and shows how the neo-liberal project to construct an exclusionary form of citizenship entailed restrictions in access to the law. The data is used to highlight the relationship between the resulting impoverishment and disenfranchisement of welfare clients and the de-professionalisation of their lawyers and legal advisers and explores the mechanisms by which these twin goals were achieved.
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Safley, Thomas Max. "Money and its alternatives in Early Modern extractive industry: The many media of exchange in mercury mining." In Datini Studies in Economic History, 27–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.05.

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«Alternatives to money» have a long history in Western extractive industry, extending to the 20th century. Before cash wages became a requirement of law, miners received their earnings in varieties of commodity and fiat moneys, combinations of scrip, cash and kind. This paper examines the use of Pfennwert, pennyworths of various goods, as a form of remuneration at the mines of the Holy Roman Empire with particular attention to the mercury mines in Idrija, Slovenia from the 15th to the 17th century. It demonstrates that this practice was a rational response to the «ecology of work»—that it, the combination of physical environment, regulatory systems, market forces, social relations and economic institutions—specific to Idrija. This approach to alternatives exposes their role not only in remuneration but in all aspects of premodern production as well as their persistence in the modern, supposedly monetary, economy.
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Guzowski, Piotr. "Eastward Migration in European History: The Interplay of Economic and Environmental Opportunities." In Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 325–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_21.

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AbstractDuring the preindustrial era one of the major migration waves headed eastward to Eastern Europe, where scores of migrants, in their pursuit of happiness, hoped to fulfil their dreams, have their own farm or set up a company, achieve a higher social status, and benefit from religious freedom and tolerance. The first wave of migration was connected with German colonization and the establishment of settlements following the German law. The alluringly large expanses of “pristine” land, together with tax privileges and the prospects of relative autonomy, attracted scores of bold, enterprising and hard-working settlers to relocate to the East. Most of them were peasants and townsfolk from the German states and the Netherlands, but there were also Jews escaping discrimination in Western Europe as well as West-European Protestants and Catholics attracted by religious tolerance in the East. Prospects of freedom and economic success encouraged them all to choose Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as their second homeland.
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Schnabel, Reinhold. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Germany." In IMISCOE Research Series, 179–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_12.

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Abstract Migration patterns in Germany have changed considerably during the post-war period. The active recruitment of “guest workers” stopped during the 1970s and was replaced by family reunification. Two big crisis-driven immigration waves swept Germany, following the collapse of Yugoslavia and the crises in the countries from Syria to Afghanistan. These immigration waves triggered legislation aimed at reducing immigration incentives, especially in the asylum law. From the early 2000s on, German policy turned more liberal following the EU Directives on freedom of movement and for highly qualified persons from non-EEA countries. Migration patterns changed dramatically, with EEA countries becoming the leading source of German immigration. EEA countries replaced the Anglo-Saxon immigration countries as the leading sources and destinations of migration. It is reassuring for economic policy that EU migrants, notably from Bulgaria and Romania, display high levels of employment and have boosted German employment, while unemployment rates reached historic lows. During the past decades, migration obstacles for EEA citizens have been lowered or abolished. Main obstacles to immigration of non-EEA citizens persist due to the restrictive law on residence permits. As a result, student visas, academic credentials, or family reunification are the main legal pathways to Germany. Given the difficulty to proof the equivalence of a foreign non-academic degree, it is far more promising for persons from third countries to apply for asylum with the chance to get a permanent residence permit after several years as a tolerated migrant.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Law – wales – history"

1

Fedele, Francesco, Felice Arena, and M. Aziz Tayfun. "Extreme Waves of Sea Storms." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20187.

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We present a stochastic model of sea storms for describing long-term statistics of extreme wave events. The formulation generalizes Boccotti’s equivalent triangular storm model (Boccotti 2000) by describing an actual storm history in the form of a generic power law. The latter permits the derivation of analytical solutions for the return periods of extreme wave events and associated statistical properties. Finally, we assess the relative validity of the new model and its predictions by analyzing wave measurements retrieved from two NOAA-NODC buoys in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
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2

Spears, R. E. "Method for Generating Design Earthquake Time Histories With an Emphasis on Maintaining Phasing." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25229.

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A method has been developed which takes a seed earthquake time history and modifies it to produce a time-history with a given design response spectrum. It is a multistep process with an emphasis on maintaining phasing during the strong motion duration. Initially, the seed earthquake time history is broken into a series of separate time histories which added together produce the original time history. Each separate time history is drift corrected using modifications only outside the strong motion duration of the seed earthquake time history. This allows the separate time histories to be individually scaled to improve the response spectrum match while the phase of the motion during the strong motion duration remains unchanged. To further improve the design response spectrum match, low cycle, low energy waves are added. This is primarily to control the response at higher frequency. These waves are tuned to improve the response at existing peaks.
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3

Schünemann, C., D. Schiela, and R. Ortlepp. "Upgrading Potentials of Founding Epoch Houses for Heat Waves Intensified by Climate Change." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.1149.

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<p>The frequency and intensity of heat waves induced by global climate warming will increase. Existing buildings are not adjusted to such changes which will lead to a significant rise of heat stress in non-adapted buildings. Here, we focus on a detailed heat resilience analysis of a founding epoch house in Germany, a representative apartment house in Central European cities by time-resolved thermal building simulation. Besides the expected result that heat stress in the building increases with the building storey, different adaptation measures regarding summer heat are investigated. Finally, we recommend the combination of installing an external sun protection for windows in the upper two storeys and an exhaust ventilation system in the attic. These adaptation measures are a good compromise regarding effectiveness to reduce the heat stress, refurbishment costs and low interference within the existing apartment substance. In addition to the technical measures, the window ventilation behaviour of inhabitants for night-time cooling shows remarkable reduction of heat stress as well.</p>
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4

Aida, Kiyoshi, Kodai Kawate, Yuichi Hiyoshi, Kotaro Kawamura, and Satoshi Fujita. "Earthquake Load Reduction Effects of Boiler Structures by High Energy Absorbing Seismic Ties." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28351.

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Seismic ties are steel energy absorbing devices installed between the boiler and its support structure. This paper deals with the relationship between the energy absorption of a new type of seismic tie (made of low yield strength steel and with an optimized I-sectional shape) and its reduction effect on the resultant shear force of the support structure. To quantify the relationship between the energy absorption and the reduction effect on the resultant shear force, time-history analyses using a lumped mass vibration model that simulates the boiler structure, were performed for three representative design seismic waves (The largest class (level 2) waves of Taft, El Centro and Hachinohe earthquakes). The time-history analysis results demonstrated that the energy absorption increasing rates of the new seismic ties were correlated quantitatively with the shear force reduction rates of the support structure for the three design seismic waves.
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5

Ono, Yohei, Michiya Sakai, Ryuya Shimazu, Fumio Inada, Ryo Morita, and Yuta Uchiyama. "Simplified Elastic-Plastic Analysis Method for Piping Systems Based on Linear Time History Analysis." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-81651.

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Abstract A design seismic motion for design of nuclear power plant have been increased in Japan since Tohoku earthquake in 2011. Consequently, piping systems under the design seismic motion are possibly deformed plastically. Elastic-plastic FEA (Finite Element Analysis) can evaluate elastic-plastic behavior accurately. However, it takes time and cost. In this research the simplified elastic-plastic analysis method has developed. This simplified elastic-plastic analysis method can calculate an equivalent stress and stress components with considering elastic-plastic deformation based on the energy rate density equilibrium which are calculated from linear time history analysis results. Ramberg-Osgood law is defined as true stress-true strain relationship, and the hardening law is isotropic hardening. In order to validate the applicability of the simplified elastic-plastic analysis method to piping systems under seismic motion, linear and non-linear time history analyses were performed for two type of piping systems by using FEA software Abaqus2021, and simplified elastic-plastic analysis method was applied to linear time history analysis results. One of the piping systems consisted of one elbow pipe, two straight pipes and one weight. Nine sinusoidal accelerations with different frequencies were applied to this simple model in in-plane direction. The equivalent stresses at the integration point where the maximum equivalent plastic strain occur in non-linear time history analysis were compared between the simplified elastic-plastic analysis and non-linear time history analysis. At any frequency simplified elastic-plastic analysis method could predict the equivalent stresses calculated by non-linear time history FEA accurately. Another piping system simulated actual piping systems in a nuclear power plant, which include the Tee pipe and several piping supports other than elbow pipes, straight pipes and weights. The random frequency acceleration waves were applied to this model in three direction at the same time. This piping systems took into account the self-eight and the internal pressure. The equivalent stresses and stress components were compared between the simplified elastic-plastic analysis and non-linear time history analysis. As the results, the stresses calculated by the simplified elastic-plastic analysis had good agreement with the results calculated by non-linear time history analysis. Therefore, the applicability of simplified elastic-plastic analysis method to the piping systems was validated.
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6

Yaras, M. I. "Measurements of the Effects of Pressure-Gradient History on Separation-Bubble Transition." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0193.

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In many boundary-layer situations, particularly in turbomachinery, separation-bubble transition occurs at a local pressure gradient that differs significantly from the values further upstream. Additionally, this upstream history changes substantially from case to case, with the transitioning separation bubble occurring at streamwise positions along the blade chord varying from close vicinity of the leading edge to mid-chord. In the case of low free-stream disturbances, development of instability waves prior to separation would clearly vary as a result of these differences in the history of the boundary layer prior to separation. Measurements are presented to document the effects of pressure gradients that a laminar boundary layer experiences prior to separation on the transition process that follows in the separated region. The boundary layer development was measured on a smooth, flat plate upon which streamwise pressure gradients were imposed by a flexible, contoured wall opposite to the test plate. Only low freestream-turbulence levels were considered to isolate the effects of pressure-gradient history on the transition process. Two Reynolds numbers were considered for each pressure-gradient setting. Measured quantities consisted of velocity and turbulence intensity obtained with a single hot-wire, and of surface pressures. Observed variations in transition onset location with changes in pressure-gradient history provide the basis for further development of current transition prediction schemes.
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7

Story, W. Rob, Thomas C. Fu, and Erin E. Hackett. "Radar Measurement of Ocean Waves." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49895.

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Over the past two decades a number of advances have been made in the use of radar systems for the measurement of ocean waves, building on early work at universities and the Naval Research Lab (NRL) to investigate the potential for extracting wave field measurements from the sea clutter seen in shipboard radar images. This early work was the foundation for modern wave radar systems, with hardware systems ranging from commercial off the shelf (COTS) incoherent navigation radar to specially developed, calibrated, coherent instrumentation radar and phased-array systems. Software algorithms and image analysis techniques have also been in constant development, which have evolved from 2D analysis of digitized images into modern techniques performing real-time 3D transformation of high resolution images. Most of these systems are being utilized to measure the directional wave spectra, with some systems also providing wave height estimates and sea surface elevation maps. More recently, the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) and others have begun to utilize these techniques for shipboard measurement of open ocean waves. All these efforts have led to higher fidelity data, as well as data that were previously unobtainable. In this paper we provide an overview and history of the development of COTS incoherent wave radar systems, analysis techniques, and capabilities, from early characterization of sea clutter return to the latest developments in image inversion and sea surface topography. This review and summary provides a foundation on which to develop analysis techniques for the higher fidelity data, using lessons learned to improve future analysis. While not intending to be exhaustive, this paper seeks to highlight the insights gained from both historical and recent applications of these techniques, as well as the difficulties and issues associated with shipboard measurements such as ship motion, logistical constraints, and environmental factors.
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8

Hallowell, Spencer T., Sanjay R. Arwade, Hannah Johlas, Pedro Lomonaco, and Andrew Myers. "Quantification of Predicted Wave Forces From Distant Elevation Measurements." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96289.

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Abstract The vast spatial scale of offshore structures causes wave loading to be correlated amongst nearby structural members. Certain engineering activities including health monitoring, maintenance, and preliminary design of offshore structures requires the prediction of wave forces on said structural members. The high cost and low availability of environmental wave measurements requires the reconstruction of wave kinematics and force profiles to accurately capture the forcing history on offshore structures. A method for predicting wave forces on a cylinder from nearby wave elevation measurements is proposed. The formulation utilizes the Fast Fourier Transform to calculate wave kinematics propagation in the frequency domain and applies the kinematics to the Morison equation for calculation of cylinder forces. The prediction equations are applied to three types of waves: regular periodic waves, random irregular waves, and solitary breaking waves, and the error in both elevation prediction and force prediction when compared to measured values is calculated. The force prediction equations were shown to perform best for small wave heights, with errors as low as 5% in the force predictions for small regular and irregular waves. The error in force prediction increases nonlinearly with the increase in wave height due to the deficiencies of the linear dispersion relationship used in the formulation.
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Jusufbašić, Vanesa, Senad Medić, and Mario Uroš. "NONLINEAR STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A TYPICAL MASONRY BUILDING IN PALMOTIĆEVA STREET IN ZAGREB." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.99.

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In this study, nonlinear static pushover and dynamic time-history analyses of a typical masonry building situated on Palmotićeva street in downtown Zagreb were performed. The building was erected in 1922 before any seismic codes were introduced in practice. It has a basement, four stories, an attic (total height equal to ca. 23m), and an asymmetric plan consisting of two connected parts: a street part (24.4x12 m) and a courtyard part (10.6x12 m). The floor structure consists mainly of wooden beams except above the basement, where the RC slab was installed. The solid brick masonry walls with variable thicknesses (15-90 cm) are evenly distributed in both directions. Two numerical macro-models were created employing Diana 10.4. Engineering masonry constitutive law was used to describe the highly nonlinear behavior of masonry walls which can crush, crack or fail in shear. Three numerical models were created describing the current damaged state and the possible strengthening with rigid floor diaphragms. The response of the building was assessed in terms of capacity curves, inter-story drifts, and cracking patterns.
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10

Versaci, Antonella, Alessio Cardaci, and Luca Renato Fauzia. "Il progetto della conoscenza per la conservazione e il restauro del castello aragonese di Piazza Armerina." In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.17973.

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The castle of Piazza Armerina in Sicily is a historic landmark that dates to the second half of the 14th century. It was erected by King Martin I, likely on a preexisting Franciscan monastery. The history of the manor is incomplete, particularly until it was converted into a prison in the early 19th century. This function, which lasted until the 60s of the 20th century, involved several changes in its original layout. Further abandonment has led to a gradual decline and to important instability phenomena. The purchase by private individuals in 2017 renewed interest in the monument and launched a new phase of study aimed at its conservation and enhancement. The methodological path carried out made it possible to analytically illustrate the state of conservation of the structure. The new cognitive framework also allowed to identify elements that were useful for the formulation of re-configurative hypotheses. In 2019, the owner of the property made the decision to undertake the restoration of the exterior walls. The intervention – which partially enjoyed the tax benefits deriving from the Façade Bonus established by the 2020 Italian Budget Law – has not yet been completed and is suspended pending the recovery of the sums necessary for the continuation of the works. However, the opportunity offered by this program was certainly advantageous, making it possible to start an unavoidable conservation activity. This tax measure, which draws inspiration from the French Malraux law (1962) has favoured the recovery of several historical buildings in Italy, but the timing imposed by the financing and the difficulties aroused for the sale of tax credits, have created a series of setbacks and dangers for the correct carrying out of the activities on which this paper focuses.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Law – wales – history"

1

Avis, William Robert. Migration in Latin America. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.007.

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Анотація:
This rapid evidence review provides an overview of migration in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), encompassing flows, causes, and associated issues. Sections provide an overview of historic migration patterns and contemporary characteristics, highlighting significant trends such as extensive mixed migration and the impact of crises, notably in Venezuela and Haiti. The historical trajectories of migration in the region include waves of immigration from Europe to intra-regional movements and south-north migration flows. The review draws attention to the multifaceted nature of migration drivers and the dynamic, intersecting nature of migration flows in the region, emphasizing LAC's status as a key hub of international migration.
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