Готові списки джерел за темами / Langue gur

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Langue gur"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Langue gur":

Nikiema, Norbert. "Differences de comportement et rapports entre consonne finale de radical cvc et consonne initiale de suffixe en Moore." Studies in African Linguistics 18, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): 117–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v18i2.107476.

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Cette etude etablit l'existence de radicaux CVC en moore, langue gur du Burkina, en examinant les nombreux processus morphonologiques qui met tent en evidenceles differences de comportement et les rapports entre consonne finale de radical et consonne suffixale. Elle montre egalement que "l'hypothese de radicaux exclusivement CV avancee par Kabore [1980] ne conduit qu'a des impasses en meme temps qu'elle est contredite pas les faits de typologie des langues africaines a lexemes CV.

De Craene, Robert. "Le verbe conjuge en Tem." Studies in African Linguistics 17, no. 1 (April 1, 1986): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v17i1.107494.

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Cet article est une description de la morphologie verbale en tern, langue gur du Togo en Afrique de l'Ouest. Les infinitifs verbaux sont divises en 17 types (premiere section) d'apres leur scheme syllabique-tonal et leur facon de former d'autres radicaux. Les morphemes (deuxieme section) sont decrits en termes de phonemes, archiphonemes,tons, zeros et jonctions. Les combinaisons possibles desradicaux avec les morphemes sont presentees sous forme detableau, suivi d'explications detaillees et d'examples (troisieme et quatrieme sections). Une cinquieme section a et ajoutee pour pr~senter sommairement les processus tonals en tern. Sont d'interet particulier, les tons volants qui font partie des morphemes.

Guedat-Bittighoffer, Delphine, and Jean-Marc Dewaele. "Fluctuations des émotions éprouvées par des apprenants débutants dans cinq cours de Français Langue Etrangère." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 280–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.22025.gue.

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Résumé Cette étude de cas multiples vise à identifier les fluctuations des émotions de sept apprenants débutants dans cinq cours successifs de Français langue étrangère (FLE) en contexte universitaire. L’enseignant a utilisé une méthode d’apprentissage des langues axée sur l’engagement émotionnel des interlocuteurs (enseignant et apprenants) pendant les interactions orales. Les apprenants, par le truchement d’un questionnaire portant sur trois émotions (l’enjoyment, l’anxiété et l’ennui), déclarent ce qu’ils ont ressenti juste après les cours. L’originalité de la présente étude réside dans l’approche longitudinale sur une période courte, la combinaison de données quantitatives et qualitatives d’un petit groupe d’apprenants débutants, auxquelles s’ajoutent des observations directes en classe et un entretien semi-directif avec le professeur, qui permettent de mieux comprendre les causes des fluctuations.

Delplanque, Alain. "Accord et non-accord du qualificatif dans les langues gur." Faits de langues 4, no. 8 (1996): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/flang.1996.1113.

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Steck, Ralf. "Hoch hinaus – mit CAD und Zusatzprogrammen." Konstruktion 68, no. 07-08 (2016): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0720-5953-2016-07-08-24.

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Bei manchen Dingen kann man gar nicht glauben, dass sie noch gar nicht sehr lange existieren – so auch beim mobilen Schrägaufzug, wie ihn Dachdecker benutzen. Dieser wurde 1958 von Albert Böcker erfunden, sein Unternehmen hat sich inzwischen zum Marktführer in diesem Bereich entwickelt. Bei der Konstruktion von Schräg- und senkrechten Aufzügen, Kränen und anderen Hebegeräten nutzen die Entwickler auf höchst effiziente Weise CAD mit nützlichen Zusatzprogrammen.

Wichels, Reinhard. "Kommentar: Schutzkleidung: Wie lange reichen die Bestände?" Klinik Einkauf 02, no. 02 (April 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710419.

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Die letzte Lieferung enthielt 70 Stück. Bestellt waren 7 000. Mit 70 Masken kommen 250 Mitarbeiter noch nicht mal durch eine Schicht. Und die begehrten FFP-Masken für alle an der Front waren gar nicht dabei. Dazu kamen noch 30 Schutzanzüge an, allerdings alle in der Größe XS und daher nur für einen kleinen Teil der Belegschaft nutzbar.

Bilbeny, Jordi. "Què vol dir "Llagostera"?" Fontes Linguae Vasconum, no. 78 (August 31, 1998): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/flv78.5.

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¿Qué quiere decir LLAGOSTERA? El nombre de esta villa catalana ha recibido interpretaciones de toda clase, desde "el lugar del lago" a "sitio de langostas (saltamontes)". El artículo pretende dar a entender que lejos de estas etimologías populares, existe una interpretación científica basada en la toponimia ibérica y su indudable identidad con la toponimia vasca. Así, interpreto tanto LLA, como su variante LAN, por la misma voz euskérica LAN que designa el "trabajo" y, por extensión, una "cosa rota o cortada". GOS/COS o GUS/CUS vendría a ser el vasco GOR/GUR (cabeza/monte/altura), dándose el paso R>S que ya se daba en la lengua ibérica, como indica Unterman. Finalmente TERA provendría de URA/URRA (agua), a través del proceso: UDRA>UDERA>DERA>TERA. Será con este morfema TR con el que se avendrán un gran número de nombres de ríos, entre los cuales hay el Ter, el Terri o el Daró por citar sólo unos pocos. Asimismo indico la relación del LACUS ibérico con el latín LOCUS y con un ancho campo semántico griego que comparte la idea de "romper", formado también sobre idénticas raíces: LA- y KS/KZ/KM.

König, Klaus W. "Holzpellet-Feuer ohne Flamme reinigt das Abgas." Technische Sicherheit 14, no. 05-06 (2024): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/2191-0073-2024-05-06-28.

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Dass Abwärme und ein Teil der Schadstoffe aus dem Abgas zurückgeholt werden können, zeichnet die Brennwerttechnik eines Öl- und Gas-Heizkessels aus. Sie galt lange bei Holzbrennstoffen als nicht machbar. Zur Reinhaltung der Luft gibt es nun eine zusätzliche Option, wenn die Verbrennung ohne Flamme geschieht und Feinstaub aus dem Abgas erst gar nicht entsteht.

Guidetti, Michèle, and Aliyah Morgenstern. "L’interface geste-signe dans l’acquisition du langage." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 8, no. 1 (2017): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.8.1.01gui.fr.

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L'objectif de ce numéro spécial est de présenter et de poursuivre les discussions et les échanges de points de vue à la fois théoriques et méthodologiques amorcés lors de l'atelier du GDR ADYLOC (GDR CNRS 3195) sur les liens entre gestes et signes qui s’est tenu à Paris les 4 et 5 Avril 2014. Ce Groupe de Recherche « Langues, langage oral et cognition : acquisition et dysfonctionnements » a rassemblé à l’initiative et autour de Maya Hickmann entre 2009 et 2015 bon nombre de spécialistes français de ces questions. Il a constitué un lieu propice aux discussions et échanges scientifiques permettant de faire émerger de nouveaux questionnements, perspectives et projets de recherche.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Langue gur":

Simnara, Komi. "L’expression des émotions en Lama (Gur, Togo)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030023.

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Cette thèse propose une étude des différents procédés utilisés par les locuteurs du lama (langue Gur parlée au Togo) pour exprimer verbalement leurs émotions. Les données analysées proviennent d’un corpus de première main recueilli sur le terrain à Kantè (Togo). Il consiste en une trentaine d’heures d’enregistrement de conversations spontanées et naturelles recueillies sur des places publiques comme les marchés, les lieux d’activités ludiques, ou de manifestations culturelles, tantôt au moyen d’enregistrements impromptus, tantôt par des prises de notes. Il en ressort que l’émotion peut se manifester selon trois modes d’expression : la dénotation, la connotation et l’inférence. Ces modes mettent en lumière une diversité de ressources et de stratégies : vocabulaire du champ émotionnel, marqueurs lexicaux et syntaxiques chargés de connotations émotionnelles, métaphores rendant compte de la conceptualisation des émotions, construction de l’émotion par la schématisation discursive d’une situation ou par la mise en place de l’ethos et du pathos dans le discours, etc. L’examen de ces différents procédés montre qu’il n’existe pas un marquage propre au langage de l’émotion en lama. Il ressort également de cette étude que la manifestation de l’émotion n’est pas codifiée par des normes sociales. La comparaison du lama avec d’autres langues à travers de nombreux exemples fait apparaître des similitudes et des différences dans la façon dont les émotions sont exprimées, aussi bien au niveau linguistique que culturel. L’expression émotionnelle dans la langue lama participe ainsi à la fois de l’universalité et de la spécificité culturelle
This thesis proposes a study of various linguistic processes used by the speakers of Lama (a Gur language spoken in Togo) to express their emotions. The data analyzed here come from a first-hand corpus collected during fieldwork in Kantè (Togo). It consists of thirty hours of recorded spontaneous and natural discourse, collected in public places such as markets, places of leisure activities, or cultural events, sometimes through unplanned recordings, sometimes through note-taking. It is found that emotion can be expressed in three modes of expression : denotation, connotation and inference. These modes of expression highlight a diversity of resources and strategies : vocabulary related to emotions, lexical and syntactic markers charged with emotional connotations, metaphors accounting for the conceptualization of emotions, construction of emotion by discursive schematization of a situation or by the establishment of ethos and pathos in discourse, etc. Examination of these processes shows that there is no marking specific to the language of emotion in Lama. It also appears from this study that the manifestation of emotion is not codified by social norms. The comparison of Lama with other languages through numerous examples reveals similarities and differences in the way emotions are expressed, both linguistically and culturally. Emotional expression in Lama is thus at once universal and culture-specific

Adouna, Gbandi. "Description phonologique et grammaticale du Konkomba - Langue GUR du Togo et du Ghana – Parler de Nawaré." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416375.

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Langue de tradition orale, le konkomba n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une desrciption linguistique approfondie. La présente description s'appuie sur un corpus de données recueillies pendant nos nombreux séjours à Nawaré, canton dont nous décrivons le parler, sur l'ensemble de la chaîne linguistique konkomba, au centre-ouest du Togo et au nord-est du Ghana. La langue y est décrite sous trois aspects, qui constituent les grandes parties de la Thèse : la phonologie (nous y dégageons les phonèmes consonantiques et vocaliques, la structure syllabique, les différents tons et leurs fonctions) ; la première partie de la morphologie (nominale) part de la structure morphologique pour dégager les différentes classes nominales ; nous étudions aussi la composition. La morphologie verbale présente le verbe dans l'énoncé ; elle identifie les formes que peut prendre un verbe dans cette langue, avant de les classer d'après leur structure qui est corrélative de leur insertion dans des formes aspectuelles données. De là, un certain nombre de propriétés qui distinguent les deux catégories majeures. Nous nous intéressons aussi à la catégorie d'adjectif qui, en konkomba, participe du nom et du verbe. La dernière partie – la syntaxe – étudie la phrase, elle examine les fonctions syntaxiques aussi bien centrales que périphériques, sur la base de la valence verbale. Elle montre la nécessité, pour ce type de langue (langue Gur ou Voltaïque), d'analyser le système syntaxique dans son rapport avec la morphologie nominale. Nous examinons aussi un certain nombre de processus syntaxiques comme l'interrogation et la focalisation.

Adouna, Gbandi Urien Jean-Yves Bolouvi Lébéné Philippe. "Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba langue Gur du Togo et du Ghana - parler de Nawaré /." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2009.

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Thèse de doctorat : Sciences du langage : Rennes 2 : 2009. Thèse de doctorat : Sciences du langage : Université de Lomé (Togo) : 2009.
Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. f. 366-377. Annexes (corpus de contes).

Dembele, Souleymane. "Didactique des langues en danger : enseignement bilingue (français-mamara) et interculturalité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MON30046.

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Le Mali est un véritable pays plurilingue. Diverses langues et cultures y cohabitent et sont en contact permanent. Les habitants y sont, en grande partie, multilingues et choisissent une langue selon la situation de communication.Notre thèse est une initiative de documentation et de revitalisation du mamara, une langue parlée au Sud-Est du Mali, dans les régions de Koutiala, Ségou et Sikasso. Elle se présente comme un travail interdisciplinaire au sein des Sciences du Langage, à cheval entre la didactique des langues et cultures, anthropologie et sociolinguistique, appliquées à la revitalisation d’une langue « menacée » de la sous-famille gur, de la branche voltaïque et du groupe sénoufo au sein de l’ensemble Niger-Congo, parlée au Mali.Cette thèse se situe, quoique de manière parallèle, dans la continuité du projet ELAN- Afrique sur l’enseignement bi-plurilingue en Afrique. Mieux, elle propose une alternative par la méthode des TERPLO aux diverses méthodes déjà pratiquées et dont les limites sont connues. Dans cette thèse, nous faisons l’apologie d’une pédagogie favorable au transfert et reposant sur une démarche contrastive qui permet une analyse inter-systémique de la langue (L1) et de la langue (L2). Cette pédagogie co-participative est une proposition didactique qui a déjà montré ses preuves ailleurs dans l’amélioration des pratiques d’enseignement bi-plurilingue, du contenu des manuels et des programmes de formation s’inscrivant dans la logique de la démarche du projet ELAN, mais qui s’avère différente dans l’implémentation, comme nous le verrons et qui reste, du moins pour notre terrain africain, encore à teneur expérimentale, étant donné la situation d’insécurité qui règne dans notre pays.Notre thèse tente d’associer une praxis exogène, issue de la recherche-action en Amérique latine (http://axe7.labex-efl.org/taxonomy/term/12) en milieu autochtone (amérindien), à une pratique endogène africaine, allant dans le sens d’une pédagogie fondée sur un syncrétisme entre tradition et modernité, dans l’esprit du penseur et pédagogue malien Amadou Hampâté Bâ (1900-1991). Elle concentre son action sur la langue mamara, l’une des treize langues officielles du Mali depuis le « Décret n°2023-0401/PT-RM du 22 juillet 2023 portant promulgation de la nouvelle constitution »
Mali is a truly multilingual country. Various languages and cultures coexist and are in constant contact. The inhabitants are, for the most part, multilingual and choose a language according to the communication situation.Our thesis is an initiative to document and revitalize Mamara, a language spoken in southeastern Mali, in the regions of Koutiala, Segou and Sikasso. It is an interdisciplinary work within the Language Sciences. It straddles the didactics of languages and cultures, anthropology and sociolinguistics, applied to the revitalization of an "endangered" language of the Gur subfamily, the Voltaic branch and the Senufo group within the Niger-Congo ensemble in Mali.This thesis is a continuation of the ELAN-Africa project on bi-plurilingual education in Africa. Better still, it offers an alternative (TERPLO) to the various methods already practiced and whose limits are known. In this thesis, we advocate a pedagogy favorable to transfer and based on a contrastive approach that allows an inter-systemic analysis of language (L1) and language (L2). This co-participatory pedagogy is a didactic proposal that has already shown its evidence elsewhere in the improvement of bi-plurilingual teaching practices, the content of textbooks and training programs in line with the logic of the ELAN project's approach, but different in implementation.Our thesis attempts to associate an exogenous praxis, resulting from action research in Latin America cf. (http://axe7.labex-efl.org/taxonomy/term/12), with an endogenous African practice, pedagogy based on a syncretism between tradition and modernity, in the spirit of the Malian pedagogue Amadou Hampâté Bâ (1900-1991). It focuses its action on the Mamara language, one of the thirteen official languages of Mali since "Decree No. 2023-0401/PT-RM of 22 July 2023 promulgating the new constitution"

BADIE, MANGLIBE. "Contribution a une etude morphosyntaxique du n'cam : parler du sous-groupe gurma des langues gur (nord-togo)." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070025.

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Considere comme le plus important des deux dialectes du bassar. Le n'cam dont l'aire linguistique s'etend au-dela des frontieres togolaises (et situee dans le nord-ouest du togo en ce qui concerne ce travail), est utilise par environ 40000 locuteurs. La description morphosyntaxique de cette langue a un double objectif : syntaxique et morphologique. Le choix de l'auteur de se servir de deux principaux types de morphemes (du sujet et du predicat) permet d'organiser la structure de la phrase en deux parties essentielles. Ainsi, les structures d'enonces definis par ce type de mecanisme permettent de comprendre comment les elements constitutifs de la phrase se combinent entre eux et quelles regles regissent leurs relations. Dans cette perspective, il apparait que les arrangements syntaxiques sont classes selon que les elements qui s'y trouvent sont semantiquement et syntaxiquement obligatoires ou non. Cette demarche fait suite a l'etude morphologique des constituants de la phrase. Le systeme morphologique revelant les proprietes combinatoires des divers elements intervenant dans la formation des mots de la langue n'cam
Considered as the most important of the two dialects which constitute the bassar language and whose linguistic area goes beyond the togolese frontiers (and which is situated in the north-west of togo as far as this work is concerned) is spoken by about 40000 people. The morpho-syntax description of this language has a double subject : syntactical and morphological. The choice done by the author to use two main types of morphemes (each used to focalise separately the subject and the predicate) allows him to organize the n'cam sentence structure into two main parts. Thus, the sentence structures defined by this kind of mechanism indicate clearly how all the sentence constituents are combined together and which kind of grammatical rules are involved in these relations. It appears, from this point of view, that n'cam sentences are classified due to the syntactic functions of the main terms entering in the constitution of these sentences the first choice gives place to the morphological system of consti tuents which reveals the internal combinatory properties involved in word-formation

Schwarz, Anne, and Ines Fiedler. "Linguistic Fieldnotes III: Information Structure in Gur and Kwa Languages." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5109/.

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This is the 16th issue of the working paper series Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure (ISIS) of the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 632. The present issue continues the series on Linguistic Fieldnotes providing data elicited and documented by different members of the Sonderforschungsbereich 632. Here, the focus is placed on primary linguistic data from Gur and Kwa languages, collected and prepared by Anne Schwarz, former investigator in Project B1 and D2, and Ines Fiedler, former investigator in Project B1 and D2 and current member of Project B7 at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Fiedler, Ines, and Anne Schwarz. "Out-of-focus encoding in Gur and Kwa." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/873/.

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This paper investigates the structural properties of morphosyntactically marked focus constructions, focussing on the often neglected non-focal sentence part in African tone languages.
Based on new empirical evidence from five Gur and Kwa languages, we claim that these focus expressions have to be analysed as biclausal constructions even though they do not represent clefts containing restrictive relative clauses.
First, we relativize the partly overgeneralized assumptions about structural correspondences between the out-of-focus part and relative clauses, and second, we show that our data do in fact support the hypothesis of a clause coordinating pattern as present in clause sequences in narration.
It is argued that we deal with a non-accidental, systematic feature and that grammaticalization may conceal such basic narrative structures.

Giuliano, Michela <1988&gt. "Il vino degli eretici: la strada del Barbera tra Langhe e Monferrato." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4988.

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Le Langhe e il Monferrato sono territori dall’indiscusso valore enologico, culla di alcuni dei vini più importanti del mondo. Tuttavia, i cambiamenti in atto a livello globale stanno influenzando l’agire collettivo e condizionando pesantemente l’avvenire delle generazioni future. In questo momento di transizione, dove la crisi è la conseguenza di un sistema economico inadatto, alcuni personaggi mossi da ideali profondi propongono un’altra via, riportando la produzione agricola ai canoni tradizionali. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di proporre un modello di sviluppo sostenibile del territorio attraverso l’ideazione di un itinerario turistico dedicato alla Barbera che si sviluppa tra Langhe e Monferrato, coinvolgendo i produttori eretici, affinché si possa promuovere e comunicare l’importanza di un’alimentazione salubre, in difesa della biodiversità e della possibilità di scelta.

Intanujit, Praichon. "Passage from Nong Gua." TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/601.

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I was a sophomore from a small village when Pira Sudham, the author of Monsoon Country and People of Esarn, came to speak at my university about poverty and the forgotten beauty of his people, my people, the poor people of Esarn, the Northeastern region of Thailand. Listening to his sad yet courageous stories, I was reminded over again that I, too, had stories to tell, though it would be some years before I finally sat down to puzzle them out. The result is a memoir of my childhood years in rural Surin, where the mother tongue is Khmer, where most are poor farmers and their rice fields are both their work place and their children's playgrounds. While writing this memoir I couldn't help but wonder why I had so often recalled my childhood years as among the dearest times of my life, despite all the rural hardship. There must be magic in being a child. There must be wonder in grandma's tales, the hunting of wild fruit, the swims in the pond and those walks in the woods. My village was my world, and it has much to teach largely because its being complex, difficult and painful and yet somehow simple and, above all, beautiful.

Pan, Yiting. "Le daimôn grec avant Platon et le gui chinois pré-Qin : étude comparée de la créativité et création de traditions religieuses." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE5002.

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Ce travail porte sur deux mots particulièrement liés aux pensées religieuses anciennes : le mot « daimôn » dans la Grèce avant Platon et le mot « gui » dans la Chine pré-Qin. Comme le « daimôn » qui devient le « démon » maléfique, le « gui » aujourd’hui péjoratif ne l’est pas nécessairement dans la langue ancienne, mais ces deux termes sont intéressants notamment en raison de leur polyvalence et leur ambiguïté. Pour montrer tous les aspects importants du mot « daimôn » et du mot « gui » ainsi que les points de connexion entre ces deux mots à facettes, nous avons essayé de tracer le parcours de ces deux mots à travers les sources anciennes. Ces analyses montrent d’une part la vitalité et la créativité des traditions anciennes qui ont exercé de fortes influences sur l’emploi du mot « daimôn » et d’autre part, la création complexe et probablement relativement tardive de la tradition « gui-esprit/mânes ». Par l’intermédiaire de ces deux mots, la comparaison entre la Grèce et la Chine ancienne en ce qui concerne les traditions religieuses nous mène également à des réflexions sur la relation entre les langues et les traditions. La continuité des langues transforme les créations en traditions et elle apporte aussi la créativité aux traditions déjà créées
This work concerns two words particularly connected to ancient religions: the word daimôn in the Greece before Plato and the word gui in pre-Qin China. The same as daimôn which becomes to be the malefic démon, gui usually pejorative today did not contain necessarily negative connotations in old Chinese, but these two terms are interesting especially because of their versatility and their ambiguity. To show all the important aspects of the word daimôn and the word gui as well as the connection points between these two words multifaceted, we tried to analyze these two words in ancient works. These analyses show on one hand the vitality and the creativity of old traditions which exercised strong influences on the uses of the word daimôn and on the other hand, the complexity of the « gui-spirit/manes » tradition probably created relatively lately. Owing to these two words, the comparison between Greek and Chinese religious traditions also leads us to think about the relationship between languages and traditions. Languages’ continuity transforms creations into traditions and it also brings the creativity to traditions already created

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Книги з теми "Langue gur":

Roncador, Manfred von. Les langues gur (voltaïques): Bibliographie commentée et inventaire des appellations des langues. Köln: Köppe, 1998.

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Nicole, Jacques. Les peuples voltaïques (gur): Bibliographie commentée des peuples parlant les langues voltaïques (ou gur). Köln: R. Köppe, 2000.

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Cruz, Maxime da. La création lexicale dans les langues gbè et gur du Bénin. Cotonou: Christion Éditions, 2014.

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Zi, Zhongyong. Yu yan gui hua. 8th ed. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai da xue chu ban she, 2008.

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Tianxiabachang. Gui chui deng: GUI CHUIDENG. 8th ed. Qingdao: Qingdao chu ban she, 2016.

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Wu, Weiling. Xi gua =: Watermelons. Taipei: Far East Book Co., 1998.

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Xiangying, Lin, ed. Di zi gui. 8th ed. Tainan Shi: Shi yi wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2002.

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Yang, Hongying. Jin gua tang, yin gua tang. Hangzhou: Zhejiang shao nian er tong chu ban she, 2010.

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Pehnt, Annette. Man kann sich auch wortlos aneinander gewöhnen das muss gar nicht lange dauern: Erzählungen. München: Piper, 2010.

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Tong-pa, André. Ji b̳e gud kusrum. N'Djaména, Chad: Société Internationale de Linguistique, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Langue gur":

Winkelmann, Kerstin, and Gudrun Miehe. "Negation in Gur." In Typological Studies in Language, 167–204. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.87.10mie.

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Reineke, Brigitte, and Gudrun Miehe. "Diathesis alternation in some Gur languages." In Typological Studies in Language, 337–60. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.64.19rei.

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Schwarz, Anne. "Verb-and-predication focus markers in Gur." In Typological Studies in Language, 287–314. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.91.11sch.

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Brieden, Gabriele. "Der lange und steinige Weg zur Diagnose." In Rheuma Lernen, mit der Krankheit gut zu leben, 55–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58547-0_3.

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Inui, Kentaro, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Hozumi Tanaka, and Takenobu Tokunaga. "Probabilistic GLR Parsing." In Text, Speech and Language Technology, 85–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9470-7_5.

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Lébikaza, Kézié Koyenzi. "Deictic categories in particles and demonstratives in three Gur languages." In Typological Studies in Language, 229–49. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.64.13leb.

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Graulund, Christian Uldal, Dmitrij Szamozvancev, and Neel Krishnaswami. "Adjoint Reactive GUI Programming." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 289–309. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71995-1_15.

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AbstractMost interaction with a computer is via graphical user interfaces. These are traditionally implemented imperatively, using shared mutable state and callbacks. This is efficient, but is also difficult to reason about and error prone. Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) provides an elegant alternative which allows GUIs to be designed in a declarative fashion. However, most FRP languages are synchronous and continually check for new data. This means that an FRP-style GUI will “wake up” on each program cycle. This is problematic for applications like text editors and browsers, where often nothing happens for extended periods of time, and we want the implementation to sleep until new data arrives. In this paper, we present an asynchronous FRP language for designing GUIs called $$\lambda _{\mathsf {Widget}}$$ λ Widget . Our language provides a novel semantics for widgets, the building block of GUIs, which offers both a natural Curry–Howard logical interpretation and an efficient implementation strategy.

Ye, Wenjia, and Bruno C. d. S. Oliveira. "Pragmatic Gradual Polymorphism with References." In Programming Languages and Systems, 140–67. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30044-8_6.

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AbstractGradualizing System F has been widely discussed. A big challenge is to preserve relational parametricity and/or the gradual guarantee. Most past work has focused on the preservation of parametricity, but often without the gradual guarantee. A few recent works satisfy both properties by giving up System F syntax, or with some restrictions and the introduction of sophisticated mechanisms in the dynamic semantics.While parametricity is important for polymorphic languages, most mainstream languages typically do not satisfy it, for a variety of different reasons. In this paper, we explore the design space of polymorphic languages that satisfy the gradual guarantee, but do not preserve parametricity. When parametricity is not a goal, the design of polymorphic gradual languages can be considerably simplified. Moreover, it becomes easy to add features that are of practical importance, such as mutable references. We present a new gradually typed polymorphic calculus, called $$\lambda ^{G}_{gpr}$$ λ gpr G , with mutable references and with an easy proof of the gradual guarantee. In addition, compared to other gradual polymorphism work, $$\lambda ^{G}_{gpr}$$ λ gpr G is defined using a Type-Directed Operational Semantics (TDOS), which allows the dynamic semantics to be defined directly instead of elaborating to a target cast language. $$\lambda ^{G}_{gpr}$$ λ gpr G and all the proofs in this paper are formalized in Coq.

Liu, Shaoying. "A GUI-Aided Approach to Formal Specification Construction." In Structured Object-Oriented Formal Language and Method, 44–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31220-0_4.

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Tanaka, Hozumi, Takenobu Tokunaga, and Michio Aizawa. "Integration of Morphological and Syntactic Analysis Based on GLR Parsing." In Text, Speech and Language Technology, 325–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9733-8_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Langue gur":

Hermawan, W., Suyitno Suyitno, HJ Waluyo, and NE Wardhani. "Tolerance as Cultured Generation Forming: Research on Yogyakarta Novel and A Million Prayers for Gus Gur by Damien Dematra." In 2nd Workshop on Language, Literature and Society for Education. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-12-2018.2282772.

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Sun, Liangtai, Xingyu Chen, Lu Chen, Tianle Dai, Zichen Zhu, and Kai Yu. "META-GUI: Towards Multi-modal Conversational Agents on Mobile GUI." In Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.449.

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Sage, Meurig. "FranTk - a declarative GUI language for Haskell." In the fifth ACM SIGPLAN international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/351240.351250.

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Ganesan, Geetha. "G2R Crypto Wallet using Indian language Mnemonics." In 2020 International Conference on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems (ICPS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icps51508.2020.00016.

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Geiger-Prat, Sebastian, Beatriz Marin, Sergio Espana, and Giovanni Giachetti. "A GUI modeling language for mobile applications." In 2015 IEEE 9th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rcis.2015.7128866.

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Moncla, Ludovic, and Mauro Gaio. "A multi-layer markup language for geospatial semantic annotations." In GIR '15: 9th Workshop on Geographic Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2837689.2837700.

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Jahan, Zerin, Kazi Fahim Lateef, and Joy Paul. "Bangla-German Language Translation Using GRU Neural Networks." In 2021 International Conference on Emerging Techniques in Computational Intelligence (ICETCI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetci51973.2021.9574076.

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Yousaf, Madiha, and Diedrich Wolter. "Spatial Information Extraction from Natural language Place Description for Incorporating Contextual Variables." In GIR'17: 11th Workshop on Geographic Information Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3155902.3155910.

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Sturgeon, A. J. "Improved Corrosion Resistant Coatings Prepared Using a Modified Diamond Jet HVOF Spraying System." In ITSC2002, edited by C. C. Berndt and E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2002p0506.

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Abstract This paper reports on a modified diamond jet HVOF spray gun, which makes it possible to produce layers of stainless steel and nickel alloys with very low levels of oxide and porosity. The corrosion behavior of these layers is compared with that of coatings produced with a conventional HVOF gun. Cross-sectional examinations carried out before and after corrosion testing show where and when corrosion attacks occur. Paper includes a German-language abstract.

Aguilera, Daniel, Jose´ Mari´a Rico, and Jaime Gallardo. "Computer Implementation of an Improved Kutzbach-Gru¨bler Mobility Criterion." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/dac-34093.

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Recent results have shown that the application of group theory to the Euclidean group, E(3), and its subgroups yields a new and improved mobility criterion. Unlike the well known Kutzbach-Gru¨bler criterion, this improved mobility criterion yields correct results for both trivial and exceptional linkages. Unfortunately, this improved mobility criterion requires a little bit more than counting links and kinematic pairs. An important advance was made when it was proved that the improved mobility criterion, originally stated in a language of group theory and subsets and subgroups of the Euclidean group, E(3), can be translated into a language of the Lie algebra, e(3), of the Euclidean group, E(3), and its vector subspaces and its subalgebras. The language of the Lie algebra, e(3), is far simpler than the nonlinear language of the Euclidean group, E(3). Still, the computations required for the improved mobility criterion are more involved than those required for the Kutzbach-Gru¨bler criterion, and it might preclude the employment of the improved mobility criterion in prospective tasks such as the number synthesis of parallel and modular manipulators. This contribution dispels these doubts by showing that the improved criterion can be easily implemented by a simple computer program. Several examples are included.

Звіти організацій з теми "Langue gur":

Brandt Djupdræt, Martin, and Louise Ejgod Hansen. Hvem er museumsbrugerne? Og hvilke forskelle er der på hyppige, mindre hyppige og sjældne museumsbrugeres brug og holdning til museer? Aarhus University, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.528.

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Museer er en meget brugt fritidsaktivitet, og der har i de sidste 20 år været et øget fokus på at udvikle museernes tilbud. I samme periode har antallet af besøgende på danske museer også været jævnt stigende. Men vi ved stadig ikke helt, hvorfor nogen går mere på museum end andre. Denne rapport handler om brugen af museer, og om der i brugen er forskelle i forhold til, om man er en flittig gæst, eller om det er lang tid siden, turen er gået til et museum. Bag projektet står Den Gamle By i samarbejde med Moesgaard Museum, ARoS, KØN – Museum for kønnenes kulturhistorie og Naturhistorisk Museum i Aarhus samt Copenhagen Business School og Center for Kulturevaluering på Aarhus Universitet. Projektet blev finansieret af de deltagende museer og gennem støtte fra Slots- og Kulturstyrelsen.

Jones, Nicole S., and John Grassel, eds. 2022 Firearm and Toolmarks Policy and Practice Forum. RTI Press, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.cp.0014.2204.

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The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Forensic Technology Center of Excellence, an NIJ program hosted a four-day symposium, January 11–14, 2022. The symposium included presentations and panel discussions on topics relevant to recent advances in firearm and toolmark examination with a focus on the future. The symposium brought together 685 criminal justice processionals to explore implementation of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies, best practices for forensic examination of firearm and toolmark evidence, federal initiatives, gun crime intelligence, black box studies on firearm and toolmark examination, legal challenges to the admissibility of current examination of firearm and toolmark evidence and engineering solutions that will be used in court in the future, implementation of Organization of Scientific Area Committee (OSAC) standards and reporting, uniform language in testimony and conclusion scales. The panel discussions and presentations and provided examples of how agencies implement new imaging technologies for firearms and toolmark examination, incorporate statistics to add weight to forensic comparisons, address legal issues, and operationalize forensic intelligence to improve public safety and share information with the justice community. The symposium also provided a platform to discuss a series of considerations for the forensic, law enforcement, and greater criminal justice community that could help support a successful national transition to incorporate statistics in forensic testimony and accelerate the adoption of imaging technologies for firearm and toolmark examination.

Chien, Stanley, Lauren Christopher, Yaobin Chen, Mei Qiu, and Wei Lin. Integration of Lane-Specific Traffic Data Generated from Real-Time CCTV Videos into INDOT's Traffic Management System. Purdue University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317400.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) uses about 600 digital cameras along populated Indiana highways in order to monitor highway traffic conditions. The videos from these cameras are currently observed by human operators looking for traffic conditions and incidents. However, it is time-consuming for the operators to scan through all video data from all the cameras in real-time. The main objective of this research was to develop an automatic and real-time system and implement the system at INDOT to monitor traffic conditions and detect incidents automatically. The Transportation and Autonomous Systems Institute (TASI) of the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and the INDOT Traffic Management Center have worked together to research and develop a system that monitors the traffic conditions based on the INDOT CCTV video feeds. The proposed system performs traffic flow estimation, incident detection, and the classification of vehicles involved in an incident. The goal was to develop a system and prepare for future implementation. The research team designed the new system, including the hardware and software components, the currently existing INDOT CCTV system, the database structure for traffic data extracted from the videos, and a user-friendly web-based server for identifying individual lanes on the highway and showing vehicle flowrates of each lane automatically. The preliminary prototype of some system components was implemented in the 2018–2019 JTRP projects, which provided the feasibility and structure of the automatic traffic status extraction from the video feeds. The 2019–2021 JTRP project focused on developing and improving many features’ functionality and computation speed to make the program run in real-time. The specific work in this 2021–2022 JTRP project is to improve the system further and implement it on INDOT’s premises. The system has the following features: vehicle-detection, road boundary detection, lane detection, vehicle count and flowrate detection, traffic condition detection, database development, web-based graphical user interface (GUI), and a hardware specification study. The research team has installed the system on one computer in INDOT for daily road traffic monitoring operations.

Chien, Stanley, Yaobin Chen, Lauren Christopher, Mei Qiu, and Zhengming Ding. Road Condition Detection and Classification from Existing CCTV Feed. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317364.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has approximately 500 digital cameras along highways in populated areas of Indiana. These cameras are used to monitor traffic conditions around the clock, all year round. Currently, the videos from these cameras are observed one-by-one by human operators looking for traffic conditions and incidents. The main objective of this research was to develop an automatic, real-time system to monitor traffic conditions and detect incidents automatically. The Transportation and Autonomous Systems Institute (TASI) of the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and the Traffic Management Center of INDOT developed a system that monitors the traffic conditions based on the INDOT CCTV video feeds. The proposed system performs traffic flow estimation, incident detection, and classification of vehicles involved in an incident. The research team designed the system, including the hardware and software components added to the existing INDOT CCTV system; the relationship between the added system and the currently existing INDOT system; the database structure for traffic data extracted from the videos; and a user-friendly, web-based server for showing the incident locations automatically. The specific work in this project includes vehicle-detection, road boundary detection, lane detection, vehicle count over time, flow-rate detection, traffic condition detection, database development, web-based graphical user interface (GUI), and a hardware specification study. The preliminary prototype of some system components has been implemented in the Development of Automated Incident Detection System Using Existing ATMS CCT (SPR-4305).

Seiler, Andreas, Aina Winsvold, Mattias Olsson, Svein Morten Eilertsen, and Carolin Berndt. VILTVARNING: Test av nya tekniska åtgärder för att minska antalet viltpåkörningar på järnväg. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.7pbjcv25mc.

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Viltolyckorna på järnväg har ökat stadigt de senaste åren – inte bara i Sverige och Norge utan även internationellt. För att minska de ekologiska och socioekonomiska effekterna behövs bättre åtgärder och nya åtgärdsstrategier. Stängsel och faunapassager har vanligtvis god effekt men är dyra lösningar som kan motiveras endast längs särskilt olycksdrabbade sträckor. De behöver därför kompletteras med åtgärder som ger skydd längs huvuddelen av järnvägsnätet. Viltvarslingsprosjektets centrala mål er att bidra till att skapa säkrare väg- och järnvägstransporter i Norden med en infrastruktur som är väl integrerat i landskapet så att naturliga processer och viktiga ekologiska tjänster kan bibehållas. Projektet är en gränsöverskridande satsning inom insatsområde Innovativa Miljöer der svenske og norske forskningsmiljøer sammen med berörda myndigheter, tågbolag, teknologiutviklere, samt andra relevanta aktörer utvikler og tester nya tekniska lösningar. Forskningen har lagt et godt grunnlag for å kunne videreutvikle de tekniske løsningene og gjøre dem mest mulig relevante for formålet å drive vilt bort fra jernbanesporene når toget skal passere. Flest mulige skal ha tilgang til kunnskapen som genereres i prosjektet og dette muliggjør kommersiell utvikling av slike tekniske systemer. Videre har vi bidratt til internasjonal kunnskapsproduksjon og kunnskapsutveksling innenfor problematikken rundt dyrepåkjørsler. Dyrepåkjørsler både på veg og jernbane som involverer større pattedyr har økt betydelig i både Norge, Sverige og resten av Europa i løpet av de siste 40 år. Slike ulykker fører ofte til kostbare skader på kjøretøyet og at det påkjørte dyret påføres store skader eller dør. Ifølge det norske hjorteregisteret har nesten 64.000 større dyr blitt påkjørt på norske veier og jernbaner de siste fem årene. I underkant av 10 prosent av alle viltpåkjørsler skjer med tog. Mellan 4.000–6.000 påkörningar med vilda djur och ren har registrerats längs järnvägsnätet i Sverige per år under det senaste decenniet och trenden är ökande. Mörkertalet i statistiken är okänt men förväntas vara stort i både Norge och Sverige. Metoderna bygger på att med utvalda akustiska signaler skapa en kontrollerad flyktrespons hos djuren när tåg skall passera, och därmed avvärja djuren från infrastrukturen när olycksrisken är som störst. Metoden ska kunna tillämpas där fysiska åtgärder som t ex viltstängsel eller viltpassager inte är möjliga eller där de traditionella åtgärderna behöver kompletteras. Åtgärdskonceptet inkluderar både en stationär lösning vid järnväg med mycket trafik och hög hastighet, och som en mobil lösning för tågfordon längs med järnvägen med mindre trafik och lägre hastighet. Resultaten kommer även att kunna tillämpas i andra sammanhang, t ex för att säkra öppningar i viltstängsel längs väg och vid tunnelmynningar. Projektet utgör en plattform för gränsöverskridande forskning om viltvarning, och en grundförutsättning för att företag och myndigheter skall kunna tillämpa och utveckla metoder för att minska problematiken med viltpåkörning. Prosjektet inkluderer tre arbeidspakker: - AP1) Kontrollerade experiment med det stasjonære skremmesystemet «Motion Activated Scare System» (MASS) der vi undersøker dyrenes respons på olika skrämselsignaler på platser längs järnväg. I projektet har vi kunnat vidareutveckla både funktion och utformning av de tekniska enheterna som vi använder för att avvärja vilt från spåren. De stationära MASS-enheterna har använts vid totalt 29 platser längs järnväg. När MASS-enheterna spelade upp ljudet av en människoröst lämnade klövdjuren området där vi filmade i ca 88 % av fallen. Olika ljud från tåg och järnväg (Bell, Horn, Train) inducerar en något lägre flyktrespons, men trots allt avvärjs djuren i medeltal ca 65 % av tillfällena med dessa ljudtyper. Den vanligaste rörelseriktningen (ca 57 %) var att djuren rörde sig bort från järnvägen efter att de skrämts, medan en lägre andel (ca 22 %) rörde sig mot och över järnvägen. - AP2) Framtagning och test av mobil skrämselenhet «Driver Activated Scare System» (DASS) som er installert innenfor frontruten på ulike togsett og aktiveres av togførere når vedkommende ser dyr på/ved jernbanelinja. I pilotstudien använde vi DASS-enheter för att utforska hur klövvilt, särskilt rådjur (Capreolus capreolus) och älg (Alces alces) reagerar på mötande tåg. Interaktionerna analyserades både ur djurens perspektiv (deras beteende, hur de flydde från tåget etc.) och lokförarnas möjligheter att se djuren från tåghytten (detektionsavstånd). Siden mars 2022 har slike enheter vært i bruk langs Nordlands- og Rørosbanen i Norge. I juni ble DASS-enheter tatt i bruk langs Gjøvikbanen. I tillegg har togførere filmet Kinnekullebanan i Sverige siden slutten av april 2022. Totalt ble det filmet vilt i 192 tillfeller med DASS-enhetene. Totalt ble det registrert 460 individer. Dovhjort (N=230) var den absolutt vanligste arten i forsøkene, etterfulgt av rådyr (N=100). Elg ble registrert på 5 filmer, og kronhjort i 8 filmer. I filmene fra togførerne kunne vi oppdage dyr som sto oppe på selve banelegemet i gjennomsnitt 157 meter fra toget vilket är mycket nära för att ge tillräckligt tid åt både lokförare och djuret att reagera. På grund av försenade tillstånd i arbete med högtalare samt ej tillräckliga tekniska lösningar kunde vi inte montera en högtalare utanpå tåget för att spela upp varningsljud för tester. Istället fokuserade vi på att studera effekten av befintliga alternativ för signalering. Studien kommer att fortsätta under nästa år och arbetet med att hitta en lämplig högtalarlösning pågår. - AP3) Kommunikasjon og prosjektledelse. En bra kommunikation och samverkan med berörda myndigheter, företag och intresseorganisationer är en grundförutsättning när praktiska åtgärder ska utvecklas och implementeras. Viltvarslingsprosjektet inkluderer mange aktører og samarbeidspartnere, både faglige og praktiske, nasjonalt og internasjonalt. Blant allmennheten og blant togaktørene har det i lang tid vært opprørthet og fortvilelse over det store antallet dyr som hvert år dør i kollisjoner med tog og på vei. Det har derfor skapt stor medial interesse når vi nå har begynt å få forskningsresultater som kan bidra til å minske påkjørslene, det vil si både redusering av dyrelidelsene og skadene på togene. I løpet av prosjekttiden med Interreg har det vært en meget hektisk periode med mye media-dekning og kommunikasjon utad om viltprosjektet. Det har vært et 30-talls nyhetsoppslag om prosjektet i nasjonale og lokale norske og svenske aviser. Samtidigt har projektet varit i kontakt med företag och myndigheter i frågor gällande tillämpningen av systemen och hjälp vid experimenten. Det på går flera parallella studer kring järnvägssäkerhet som har beröring till viltvarningsprojektet och där synergier kan tas till vara.Även internationellt bedrivs jämförbar forskning som vi har etablert ett utbyte med och söker nya samarbetsformer. Våra studier visar hittills att det är mycket sannolikt att ett varningssystem som bygger på akustiska signaler, främst den mänskliga rösten, kan vara kostnadseffektiva åtgäder mot djurpåkörnignar på järnväg. En kommersiell, järnvägsbaserad lösning anses vara mycket möjlig. För att nå fram till en tågbaserad lösning däremot behövs fortsatta studier och vidare teknisk utveckling. Vi söker därför för nya medel under 2023-2024 för att kunna driva utvecklingen fram mot implementering och konkreta demonstrationsprojekt.