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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Landscape assessment – england – wiltshire"

Valdez-Tullett, Andy. "Sheep in Wealth's Clothing: Social Reproduction across the Bronze Age to Iron Age Transition in Wiltshire, Southern England." European Journal of Archaeology 20, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 663–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2016.28.

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The circulation of bronze is considered to be the principal vehicle of social reproduction for the later Bronze Age, with significant social investment in trade networks, systems of exchange, and social alliances. Substantial social upheaval is implied by the decline of bronze, as attested by the widespread deposition of hoards towards the end of this period. This article aims to fill a lacuna between the period of peak bronze hoarding and other vectors of change such as the manipulation of grain surpluses or the creation of hillforts. The reorganization of the Wiltshire landscape signifies transformation to a transhumant regime. Animals became increasingly important at the end of the Bronze Age, with daily life revolving around their management, dictating seasonal movement, and interaction. Investment in the social value of animals beyond pure subsistence requirements was a major factor filling the social gap left by the demise of bronze. This was accompanied by changes in the mode of production and the scales of social engagement.

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Hubatova, Marie, James McGinlay, David J. Parsons, Joe Morris, and Anil R. Graves. "Assessing Preferences for Cultural Ecosystem Services in the English Countryside Using Q Methodology." Land 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020331.

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Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) are difficult to assess due to the subjective and diverse way in which they are experienced. This can make it difficult to apply CES research to enhance human experience of nature. This study applies Q methodology to group people according to their preferences for CES. The Q methodology survey was carried out with 47 local residents and tourists in Wiltshire, in South West England. Four groups of respondents were identified drawing value from nature through: (1) spiritual benefits and mental well-being (Group 1—Inspired by nature); (2) nature and biodiversity conservation (Group 1—Conserving nature); (3) cultural heritage in multifunctional landscapes (Group 3—Countryside mix); and (4) opportunities for outdoor activities (Group 4—Outdoor pursuits). All four groups stated that benefits from nature were enhanced by actually visiting the countryside, through a better understanding of nature itself, and through a range of sensory experiences. They particularly identified relaxation opportunities as a very important CES benefit. These findings, and the demonstrated use of the Q methodology, could support local planning and landscape management in order to provide accessible and functional landscapes that can provide a range of different CES benefits to people.

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Baker, John, and Stuart Brookes. "Explaining Anglo-Saxon military efficiency: the landscape of mobilization." Anglo-Saxon England 44 (December 2015): 221–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100080121.

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AbstractThe importance of warfare in Anglo-Saxon England is widely accepted, but the processes by which armies were put in the field are only partially understood, with most discussion focusing on the economic logistics rather than the spatial practicalities of mobilization. Yet such a system underpinned recorded military actions and must have evolved in response to changing military organization in the late Anglo-Saxon period. Through an assessment of documentary references to sites of muster, and by using a multidisciplinary landscape-focused approach, this article examines possible traces of that system – especially those preserved in place-names – and relates them to later Anglo-Saxon administrative geography.

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Chapman, S. B., R. T. Clarke, and N. R. Webb. "The survey and assessment of heathland in Dorset, England, for conservation." Biological Conservation 47, no. 2 (1989): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(89)90096-7.

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Sarlöv Herlin, Ingrid. "Exploring the national contexts and cultural ideas that preceded the Landscape Character Assessment method in England." Landscape Research 41, no. 2 (February 12, 2016): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2015.1135317.

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Jackson, Sarah F., and Kevin J. Gaston. "The unpredictability of favourability: condition assessment and protected areas in England." Biodiversity and Conservation 17, no. 4 (December 20, 2007): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9311-2.

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Teichmann, Michael. "Visualisation in archaeology: An assessment of modelling archaeological landscapes using scientific and gaming software." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 3, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2009.0011.

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The paper assesses the role and potential of Cultural Virtual Reality (CVR) for the modelling of archaeological landscapes. As digital visualisations are spreading rapidly as a tool for research and as a medium of communication in landscape research and archaeology, benefits and limitations are discussed. Published case studies are reviewed and the question whether or to which extent computer game engines may assist in the modelling of past landscapes is evaluated. Therefore a virtual model of Laxton castle (England) is introduced, which was created using SEGA gaming software.

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Evans, A. A., J. L. Langer, R. E. Donahue, Y. B. Wolframm, and W. A. Lovis. "Lithic raw material sourcing and the assessment of Mesolithic landscape organization and mobility strategies in northern England." Holocene 20, no. 7 (July 15, 2010): 1157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683610369500.

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Bradford, John, Peter Weishampel, Marie-Louise Smith, Randall Kolka, Richard A. Birdsey, Scott V. Ollinger, and Michael G. Ryan. "Detrital carbon pools in temperate forests: magnitude and potential for landscape-scale assessment." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 4 (April 2009): 802–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-010.

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Reliably estimating carbon storage and cycling in detrital biomass is an obstacle to carbon accounting. We examined carbon pools and fluxes in three small temperate forest landscapes to assess the magnitude of carbon stored in detrital biomass and determine whether detrital carbon storage is related to stand structural properties (leaf area, aboveground biomass, primary production) that can be estimated by remote sensing. We characterized these relationships with and without forest age as an additional predictive variable. Results depended on forest type. Carbon in dead woody debris was substantial at all sites, accounting for ∼17% of aboveground carbon, whereas carbon in forest floor was substantial in the subalpine Rocky Mountains (36% of aboveground carbon) and less important in northern hardwoods of New England and mixed forests of the upper Midwest (∼7%). Relationships to aboveground characteristics accounted for between 38% and 59% of the variability in carbon stored in forest floor and between 21% and 71% of the variability in carbon stored in dead woody material, indicating substantial differences among sites. Relating dead woody debris or forest floor carbon to other aboveground characteristics and (or) stand age may, in some forest types, provide a partial solution to the challenge of assessing fine-scale variability.

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Sangster, Marcus. "Urban Fringe Forestry in Great Britain." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1993.010.

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In England opportunities for urban people to recreate in the nearby countryside are very limited. The current "Community Forestry" initiative provides incentives and support to landowners to encourage increased public access to woodlands and to open the countryside. In the United Kingdom, two government agencies, the Forestry Commission and The Countryside Commission, have targeted 12 areas to renew the urban-fringe landscape. Each area is drawing up plans for integrated landscape management using objective assessment techniques evolved by the two Commissions. Grant aid is available to landowners for management as well as new plantings. Local partnerships have been set up in each area to include landowning and environmental interests plus local governments and local and national volunteer groups.

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Дисертації з теми "Landscape assessment – england – wiltshire"

Guy, Mark A. "Modelling landscape change in south-west England : an assessment of the impacts of policy-based assumptions on land cover pattern." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435459.

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Книги з теми "Landscape assessment – england – wiltshire"

J, Allen Michael, Montague R, and Walker K. E, eds. Stonehenge in its landscape: Twentieth-century excavations. London: English Heritage, 1995.

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Agency, Great Britain Countryside. Landscape character assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland. Cheltenham: Countryside Agency, 2002.

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1930-, Coles John, and English Heritage, eds. Fenland survey: An essay in landscape and persistence. London: English Heritage, 1994.

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Mark, Bowden, and Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (England), eds. Unravelling the landscape: An inquisitive approach to archaeology. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus, 1999.

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Agency, Great Britain Countryside. Making sense of place: Landscape character assessment : summary guidance for England and Scotland. Cheltenham: Countryside Agency, 2002.

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1957-, Parker Pearson Michael, Schadla-Hall R. T, and Leicestershire Museums, Arts and Records Service., eds. Looking at the land: Archaeological landscapes in eastern England, recent work and future directions, a conference held at Jewry Wall Museum, Leicester, 6-7 October 1989. [Leicestershire]: Leicestershire Museums, Arts and Records Service, 1994.

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W, Cunliffe Barry, Renfrew Colin 1937-, and British Academy, eds. Science and Stonehenge. Oxford: published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Swanwick, Carys. Landscape character assessment: Guidance for England and Scotland : prepared on behalf of the Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural Heritage by Carys Swanwick. Cheltenham: Countryside Agency, 2002.

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Walker, S. C. Landscape assessment: A study of its use as a planning tool by local planning authorities, with specific reference to the south west of England. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1998.

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Cleal. Stonehenge in Its Landscape: Twentieth-Century Excavations. Historic England Publishing, 2014.

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Частини книг з теми "Landscape assessment – england – wiltshire"

Ross, Linda, and Wilfred McSherry. "Spiritual Care Charting/Documenting/Recording/Assessment: A Perspective from the United Kingdom." In Charting Spiritual Care, 97–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47070-8_6.

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Abstract This chapter explores how spiritual aspects of care are being documented within the UK with a specific focus on healthcare primarily in the nursing and chaplaincy professions. This has not been an easy undertaking given the lack of a standardised approach, the changing and challenging landscape of healthcare in the UK and the conflicting terminology used when trying to assess, capture and record encounters, interactions and conversations with patients and their carers about their spiritual needs. The authors draw upon their own research and informal enquiries with chaplains from across England, Scotland and Wales, demonstrating that there is a wide range and variation in practice. The authors conclude that there is no standardised means of assessing and documenting spiritual needs and care in the UK and that this is unlikely to change until the many complex challenges outlined are addressed both politically and professionally.

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Wheatley, David. "Myth, Memento, and Memory: Avebury (Wiltshire, England)." In The Lives of Prehistoric Monuments in Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724605.003.0013.

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In Christopher Nolan’s film Memento (Nolan 2000), Leonard Shelby— played by Guy Pearce—suffers from anterograde amnesia, which prevents him from generating any new memories. To deal with this, he creates material traces such as Polaroid photographs and notes and he tattoos the most significant facts onto his body. Each time he awakes, he encounters these mementos (notes, images, and tattoos) and must interpret them in order to decide what to do next. He sometimes leaves messages for himself, intended to constrain his future behaviour, but while these messages effect his actions, some of the notes or photos may be lost or destroyed, or he may fail to realize that they have been manipulated or altered. Further, he may not interpret them correctly, so that his actions are not what he intended. Despite his amnesia, however, the past is always implicated in Leonard’s story and it is always changing his future. In some sense, the way that Leonard leaves mementos for himself is a more interesting model for the way that successive human communities encounter the remains of the past than the idea of biographies. Just as on Leonard’s tattooed body, traces of the past such as earthworks and monuments are inscribed onto the landscape, yet oral tradition cannot transmit the detailed meanings of those traces or the intentions of their creators through long sequences of time so that human communities encountering them later are, metaphorically, amnesiacs. Sometimes earthworks and monuments are built with the intention of projecting a particular world-view, constraining future generations to act in particular (‘correct’) ways. Over long periods, however, oral traditions distort, people move away and areas are occupied by new inhabitants with no cultural memory of those intentions or meanings. Just as with Leonard’s tattoos, monuments become mementos that have to be interpreted and situated within a contemporary understanding of the world before meaningful action is possible. If we think of both Leonard’s tattoos and the physical traces of the past as mementos, then it’s worth thinking how these differ from memories.

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Batt, Jennifer. "‘Various Beauties overpay my Toil’." In Class, Patronage, and Poetry in Hanoverian England, 115–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859666.003.0007.

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This chapter explores how Stephen Duck’s approach to writing about rural landscapes and labour changed in the years after he was awarded patronage by Queen Caroline. The Queen’s support meant that Duck moved from the agricultural fields of Wiltshire to the polite and royal gardens of Richmond and Kew. This chapter traces Duck’s journey from a landscape of labour to a landscape of leisure. How far was it possible for the former farm labourer to reimagine his relationship with the agricultural environment? As this chapter argues, Duck’s writing of the 1730s was preoccupied with examining his newly transformed relationship to agricultural landscapes and polite gardens, and to work and leisure. This was a key means by which he attempted to demonstrate his gratitude to his patrons: he used his writing about labour and landscapes to show how well he had taken advantage of the opportunities they had made available to him.

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"6. Cultural heritage in environmental impact assessment – reflections from England and northwest Europe." In The Cultural Landscape and Heritage Paradox, 445–60. Amsterdam University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9789048510962-029.

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"Historic time horizons in GIS: East of England historic landscape assessment." In Socio-Economic Applications of Geographic Information Science, 119–30. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12606-16.

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Weinberg, Joanna. "Corpus Christi College’s ‘Trilingual Library’: A Historical Assessment." In History of Universities, 128–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848523.003.0008.

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This chapter assesses Corpus Christi College before Erasmus. The first promoters of humanism at the start of the Quattrocento had positioned themselves as counter-cultural. Humanism, that is to say, did not require institutional recognition to thrive, and, in England as elsewhere, it carved out space for itself in the fifteenth-century cultural landscape, within and beyond institutions. Yet, humanists proved a quarrelsome tribe: where the early Quattrocento trailblazers laid their path, others sometimes refused to follow. Over the century, the identity of humanism developed, ramified, and splintered, drawing strength from its conflicts, not only with those it characterized as its implacable opponents, but also among its own proponents. Corpus could draw on these plural identities, and the implication is that the affiliation to Erasmus and his own formulation of humanism was only one possible inspiration among several.

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Harding, Dennis. "Defining Issues." In Iron Age Hillforts in Britain and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695249.003.0005.

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‘Hillfort’ is a term of convenience. It is widely recognized that the monuments in question are not restricted topographically to hills, and that their role may not have been primarily, and certainly not exclusively, for military defence. Nor are they restricted chronologically to the Iron Age, though during that period they are particularly prominent. The term came into general currency following the publication in 1931 of Christopher Hawkes’ paper, simply entitled ‘Hillforts’, in Antiquity, which also established their predominantly Iron Age date in Britain. Prior to that, Christison (1898) in Scotland had discussed ‘fortifications’, and Hadrian Allcroft (1908) for England had classified ‘earthwork’, both extending their studies into the Medieval period. But ‘hillfort’ for all its limitations has remained in general usage in Britain. Chronologically, this study is concerned with the ‘long Iron Age’; that is, including the post-Roman Iron Age in northern Britain especially, and with later Bronze Age antecedents. Geographically it is concerned with regional groups throughout Britain, but with further reference to Ireland, and in the wider context of relevant sites and developments in continental Europe. The key element of the sites under consideration is enclosure, physically or conceptually demarcating an area to which access is restricted or controlled. This may be achieved by rampart and ditch, stockade or fence, or by the incorporation of topographical and natural features such as cliff-edge or marsh. The scale of enclosing works may range from a relatively modest barrier to massive earthworks that reshape the landscape, and in structural morphology, from single palisade or bank to multiple lines, variously disposed. Topographically they may be located around hilltop contours, on cliffedge, ridge, or promontory, on spurs or hill slopes, in wetlands or spanning river bends, or across variable terrain. In area enclosed they may range from well under a hectare to 20 ha and more, with the territorial or terrain oppida of the late pre-Roman Iron Age attaining 300 ha or more. From size alone, therefore, we may infer a great diversity in the practical, social, and symbolic purposes that they may have served. At the smaller end of the scale, the distinction between hillforts and other enclosed settlements is sometimes a matter of subjective assessment, but otherwise their size and scale suggests that they were community sites, serving a social unit larger than a single family or household.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Landscape assessment – england – wiltshire"

Santo-Tomás Muro, Rocío, Eva Juana Rodríguez Romero, and Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados. "Perceptive approaches to the morphological characterization of the urban contour: The case of the peri-urban landscape of Madrid." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5345.

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Perceptive approaches to the morphological characterization of the urban contour: The case of the peri-urban landscape of Madrid Eva J. Rodríguez Romero¹, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2,3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: rodrom@ceu.es, carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: perceptive analysis, proximity landscape, landscape character, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology A growing city adapts and transforms the pre-existing topography, and with its urban fabric defines an ever-changing contour throughout history; this contour is not a clear line, but rather a fringe, where city and countryside meet and create occupancy systems that are crucial to comprehend the evolution of the urban form. We can consider this fringe as ‘proximity’ landscapes: landscapes that are perceived when the city is either a destination or a point of departure. The vision from afar, or when progressively approaching the city, provides both locals and tourists with certain landscape and architectural aspects that should be studied, preserved and valued for their ability to generate meaningful spaces. In this communication we study the surrounding landscapes of Madrid by means of a Landscape Character Assessment, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’ currently in process. Combining graphic analysis of historical cartography at a metropolitan scale with perceptive analysis techniques, special attention is drawn to certain axes and significant lookouts of the city, mapping them and evaluating their visual basins. This characterization leads to distinguishing three main landscape types surrounding Madrid, according to physical, natural and anthropogenic structures: one predominantly natural, one mainly industrial and service-related, and a third one with special historical relevance. References Council of Europe (2000) European Landscape Convention (COE, Florence). Cruz, L., Español, I. (2009) El paisaje. De la percepción a la gestión (Liteam, Madrid). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Rodríguez, E.J. (2011) ‘Naturaleza y ciudad: el paisaje de Madrid visto por los extranjeros’, in Cabañas, M., López-Yarto, A. & Rincón, W. (ed.), El arte y el viaje (CSIC, Madrid) 321-337. Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Tudor, C. (2014) An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment (Natural England, Government of the UK).

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