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Статті в журналах з теми "Land settlement Case studies"
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Zhang, Yiyi, Yangbing Li, Guangjie Luo, Xiaoyong Bai, Juan Huang, Fang Tang, and Meng Yu. "Analysis of the Land Use Dynamics of Different Rural Settlement Types in the Karst Trough Valleys of Southwest China." Land 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rural settlements are the basic spatial units of rural geography research, and it is essential to explore the dynamic changes in land use on a rural settlement scale to promote the development of the rural revitalization strategy. The study took different rural settlement types in karst trough valleys as examples and applied geographic information mapping trajectory models, buffer zone spatial analysis, the nearest neighbor index, and other research methods. We explored the land use dynamic change in the buffer zone of different settlement types in the karst trough valley from 1964 to 2021 in the long time series and micro-spatial dimensions. We analyzed the homogeneity, variability, and coupling characteristics of land use evolution in typical settlements. The results indicate the following: (1) From 1964 to 2021, the karst trough valley settlements as a whole showed an aggregation state, and the settlements could be classified into four categories: expanding settlements (ES), atrophic settlements (AS), balancing rural settlements (BS), and decreasing settlements (DS) according to the settlement life cycle theory and settlement development index measurement. (2) Different expansion and shrinkage of land use buffer changes exist for different settlement types. The closer the ES is to the location of the settlement center, the richer the land use type; the further the AS from the settlement center, the richer the land use type; the BS is not affected by the distance; and the DS settlement shows dynamic changes. (3) Land use dynamic change in settlements is driven by multiple integrated factors, and there is variability in the driving factors of different settlement types. (4) In this paper, through a case study, we propose the research idea that land use change (LUCC) reflects land use transformation (LUT) in different rural settlement types from a settlement-scale perspective, and land use transformation further causes the development of rural settlement transformation (RUT). Our study revealed the LUCC—LUT—RUT interaction feedback mechanism of karst trough valley settlements in Southwest China. This study aims to enrich the theoretical research framework of rural transformation at the settlement scale, on the one hand, and to provide case studies for developing countries with karstic mountain valley landscapes, such as China, on the other.
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Muthama, Dennis Mbugua, Erin Tompkins, and Michael Barry. "Conflict between Indigenous land claims and registered title: case studies from Canada and Kenya." Geomatica 73, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-2018-0019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two case narratives illustrate the difficulties in resolving historical land restitution in different contexts. Cases from Canada and Kenya illustrate how different land conflicts between Indigenous land rights and registered title may be addressed. In Canada, Williams Lake involved an Indigenous community with a long settlement history in the region with a claim going back to early European settlement. In Kenya, Waitiki Farm involved a post-colonial population established by local Indigenous and migrant groups. The Williams Lake decision resulted in a First Nations land claim being settled in the form of monetary compensation in a dedicated tribunal. The Waitiki Farm decision led to a negotiated settlement in which the owner was compensated financially, and the current residents who had occupied the land were awarded long-term leases. The two cases are illustrative of historical land restitution and identify enabling conditions for the effective functioning of land restitution mechanisms in different contexts.
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Muller, Anna, and Edith Mbanga. "Participatory enumerations at the national level in Namibia: the Community Land Information Programme (CLIP)." Environment and Urbanization 24, no. 1 (April 2012): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247811435891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper describes how the Shack Dwellers Federation of Namibia developed the capacity to undertake enumerations and mapping of informal settlements and, with support from the national government and a local NGO, developed the Community Land Information Programme. Through this initiative, the federation has profiled and mapped all of the informal settlements in Namibia, covering more than 500,000 people without secure land tenure and setting a significant precedent in terms of the ability of the federation to work at scale. For each settlement, a profile was developed by the residents that stimulated discussions of their priorities and also discussions with government. In the second phase, the residents of informal settlements were supported to undertake more detailed enumerations and mapping to identify development priorities and provide the information needed for development initiatives. The paper describes how this was done in a case study of an informal settlement in Swakopmund municipality and ends with a discussion of what has been learned, especially with regard to keeping the process rooted in the concerns and priorities of the residents of each settlement.
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Asante-Yeboah, Evelyn, George Ashiagbor, Kwabena Asubonteng, Stefan Sieber, Justice C. Mensah, and Christine Fürst. "Analyzing Variations in Size and Intensities in Land Use Dynamics for Sustainable Land Use Management: A Case of the Coastal Landscapes of South-Western Ghana." Land 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land use/land cover change (LULCC) studies are gaining prominence among environmentalist and land use planners. This is due to the effects of LULCCs on natural ecosystems and livelihoods. In the coastal landscape of south-western Ghana, there exist knowledge gaps in the variations in size and intensities in LULCCs and the degree of change among land cover types in LULCC studies. Such studies are important for identifying periods of rapid land cover transitions and their implications on the landscape. Using change detection, intensity analysis and informal stakeholder conversations, the land use system dynamics of the study landscape was analyzed over a 34-year period to assess the variations in size and intensities in LULC transitions and its implications. The results showed a dynamic landscape driven primarily by rubber and settlement expansions. Rubber and settlement increased threefold (172.65%) and fourfold (449.93%) in the 34-year period mainly due to rubber outgrower scheme and onshore infrastructural developments, respectively. Gains in rubber and settlement targeted arable lands. The LULCC implies local food insecurity issues, declines in ecosystem services and compromised livelihoods, hence, the enforcement of the Land Use and Spatial Planning Act (2016) is recommended in land use planning in the coastal landscapes of south-western Ghana.
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Dick, Lyle. "Factors Affecting Prairie Settlement: A Case Study of Abernethy, Saskatchewan, in the 1880s." Historical Papers 20, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030930ar.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Prairie agricultural settlement in the era of the National Policy has often been viewed as an organic process which rewarded the resourceful settlers, while punishing the unsuitable ones. To test this assumption the paper offers a detailed investigation of settlement in two districts in Saskatchewan. The three areas of analysis were the process of land acquisition, the settlers' performance during the homestead "proving- up" period, and long-term economic performance after the receipt of patent. In terms of land acquisition, both Anglo-Canadian settlers in the Abernethy district and German-speaking settlers at Neudorf chose the available lands nearest the railway. Their selection suggests an initial tendency toward commercial production among both groups. The difference was that Abernethy settlers, who generally arrived in the 1880s, claimed superior lands on the open prairie. While about half of these settlers never "proved-up" their homesteads, those who received their patents showed a fairly high degree of persistence as farmers. A close relationship between the receipt of additional quarter-sections of free grant land and long-term economic success was also observed. The German settlers at nearby Neudorf, who settled in the ¡890s on more marshy and wooded lands, showed a contrary tendency. These settlers were far less likely to cancel their homestead entries, but tended to leave their farms soon after receiving their patents. Studies of the long-term economic performance of settlers in both dis- tricts provide support for the proposition that early arrival, and the acquisition of good, cheap, accessible land were among the most powerful determinants of success in settlement.
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Hanušin, Ján. "Impact of dispersed settlement on the structure and diversity of rural landscape (Case study of village Hrušov, Slovak Republic)." Geographia Polonica 94, no. 1 (2021): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/gpol.0192.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The impact of a dispersed settlement on the changes of the land cover (LC) and landscape diversity (LDI) in the years 1950, 1986 and 2016 was analyzed on four spatially different levels: on the level of the whole cadastral area, 60 circular areas – hinterlands of hamlets, 15 circular areas in agricultural land outside hamlets and areas outside circular areas. The primary hypothesis that the landscape with a dispersed settlement is internally differentiated in terms of LC and LDI changes and that a dispersed settlement itself is an important driving force of these changes has been confirmed.
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Karimov, Akmal, Abdulkhakim Salokhiddinov, Inna Gracheva, Ravshan Umurzakov, and Qadyr Artykov. "Rethinking settlements in arid environments: case study from Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 05052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199705052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fast growing population of Uzbekistan and increasing the share of urban citizens increased inter-linkages between settlements and irrigated farming. Growing settlements on account of farm land, increasing the demand for high quality water, wastewater utilization in agriculture, water logging and salinization are some of the water related inter-linkages. This paper focus on waterlogging issue at three different sites, located in the upstream of the Syrdarya River in Fergana Valley, middle stream of river in Mirzachul Steppe and the downstream of Amudarya River in Khorezm region. Groundwater modeling applied to examine different strategies of to lower shallow groundwater table. The results of the modeling studies indicate that ultimate solution for waterlogging issue can be achieved when basin water management plans linked with settlement development plans.
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Buckland, P. C., T. Amorosi, L. K. Barlow, A. J. Dugmore, P. A. Mayewski, T. H. McGovern, A. E. J. Ogilvie, J. P. Sadler, and P. Skidmore. "Bioarchaeological and climatological evidence for the fate of Norse farmers in medieval Greenland." Antiquity 70, no. 267 (March 1996): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00082910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Greenland, far north land of the Atlantic, has often been beyond the limit of European farming settlement. One of its Norse settlements, colonized just before AD 1000, is — astonishingly — not even at the southern tip, but a way up the west coast, the ‘Western Settlement’. Environmental studies show why its occupation came to an end within five centuries, leaving Greenland once more a place of Arctic-adapted hunters.
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Sevenant, Marjanne, and Marc Antrop. "Settlement models, land use and visibility in rural landscapes: Two case studies in Greece." Landscape and Urban Planning 80, no. 4 (May 2007): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.09.004.
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Rashed, Haifa, Damien Short, and John Docker. "Nakba Memoricide: Genocide Studies and the Zionist/Israeli Genocide of Palestine." Holy Land Studies 13, no. 1 (May 2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2014.0076.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay furthers the debate on the Palestinian case as it relates to Genocide Studies, questioning the lack of substantive discussion of this case to date in traditional Genocide Studies fora. It reemphasises the importance of the settler-colonial dimension to Zionist settlement in Palestine, which, it argues, has so far not been explored sufficiently. The paper suggests that the ‘Nakba’ of 1948, which was based on appropriation of the land of Palestine without its people, comprising massacres, physical destruction of villages, appropriation of land, property and culture, can be seen as an ongoing process and not merely a historical event.
Дисертації з теми "Land settlement Case studies"
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Manenzhe, Tshililo Justice. "Post settlement challenges for land reform beneficiaries: three case studies from Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1574_1254748862.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presented a study of post-settlement experiences of land reform beneficiaries, with a focus on three case studies from Limpopo Province. Since 1994, the South African government has implemented a land reform programme that aims to redress the injustices in land ownership patterns in the country. This study included a review of international and local literature on land reform with particualr interest in what happens after land transfer and settlement.
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Runner, Adam D. "Investigating informal development: a case study of Kibera and Sultanbeyli." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Jason Brody
As global development trends continue, planners and social scientists of the future will have an increasingly pressing responsibility to effectively and sensitively address and interact with informal development. This report seeks to provide theoretical research to expand the knowledge base of planners and social scientists with respect to informal development. It aims to begin to explore and explain how informal development and living conditions interact, and to understand what the role of the planner and social scientist should be in interfacing with informal development in the future. Through case study this report considers two distinct typologies of informal settlements in order to compare and contrast factors in each settlement‘s history and development, living conditions, and overarching administrative relationships to identify trends in the development and manifestation of informal settlements.
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Hernandez, Carlos 1968. "Irregular settlements in Mexico, 1990-2000 : case study : ejido lands in Aguascalientes, Mexico." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aguascalientes is a medium-sized city in Mexico. Its location and industrial policies have proven favorable to the continuing arrival of many industries. Immigrants are easily inserted into the labor market, but the access to low-cost housing for the workers is difficult. Nevertheless, the city continues to attract newcomers. The economy in Mexico collapsed in the early 90's, and many housing programs at the local level were cancelled, and housing prices became expensive. Consequently, people opted for less expensive housing solutions. One of the alternatives was to build on the ejido land, (expropriated lands handed over to land-less people in the form of collective holding and tenancy) a sui-generis tenure of land that has existed in Mexico since 1917. The analysis of both the ejido lands as a target of irregular human settlements and the consolidation process of these areas is the subject of this study.
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Baligira, John. "Land rights and land conflicts in Kibaale since the colonial settlement." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines why there has been persistent conflict over land in Africa, with reference to Kibaale district in western Uganda. The land conflicts, especially in post-colonial sub-Saharan Africa, are attributed to such factors as the colonial legacy which has contributed to unequal access and conflicting identities. By tracing the conflict from the British colonial period, the thesis contributes to an understanding of how it evolved and why it was not resolved by the end of colonial rule and in post-colonial Uganda. The thesis draws on Mamdani's theory of decentralized despotism to establish the extent to which the post-colonial central governments' maintenance of some rural despotic authorities has undermined the land conflict resolution efforts. I contend that, though the post- colonial governments' maintenance of landlordism has partly contributed to the land-related conflict in Uganda, it does not fully explain why the conflict has persisted in places such as Kibaale district. Based on data generated through in-depth interviews with purposively sampled participants, archives and from secondary sources, the thesis contributes to an improved understanding of why land-related conflicts in Africa have persisted. It particularly shows what has undermined the ability of post-colonial governments and other stakeholders to address the roots of these conflicts. The main findings of the thesis include: the bitter memories of the late 19th and early 20th century British colonial conquest and land dispossession of people in Kibaale are still reflected in the narratives of the early settlers; the government-sponsored and selfmotivated massive resettlement of people from mainly Western Uganda to Kibaale district has increased the complexity of land disputes; different peoples' identities have also contributed to the conflict in Kibaale; and the national as well as local political actors have often intensified the conflict for the sake of political power. The thesis concludes that the instrumentalization of citizenship and belonging by the autochthons as well as the specific historical and socioeconomic factors in Kibaale district have contributed to persistent conflict over access to and ownership of land.
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Fakudze, Churchill M. "Rural resettlement scheme evaluation: a case study of the Mfengu in Tsitsikamma." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1997 South Africa came out with a policy aimed at addressing the legacy of apartheid in respect of an unequal division of land in the country. About 3.5 million people were moved from rural and urban areas between 1960 and 1980 and deposited in the reserves or areas designed for the exclusive occupation of black people. The new land policy attempts to deal with the resultant problems. The policy advocates a three-pronged approach to land reform encompassing (i) land restitution, (ii) land redistribution and (iii) land tenure reform. A number of projects have been carried out under these three aspects. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the results of a completed land restitution case. The Mfengu of Tsitsikamma was chosen as a case study because the people have moved back and are now living on their land. The Mfengu were dispossessed of their land in 1977 by the apartheid government and their land was returned in 1994. Although this case was processed outside of the land restitution legislation (Restitution of Land Rights Act, 22 of 1994), all restitution cases where people return to their original land have to deal with the problems of resettlement. From its involvement in various involuntary resettlement projects, the World Bank concluded that the new communities of resettlers should be designed as a viable settlement system equipped with infrastructure and services and integrated in the regional socio-economic context. The host communities receiving the resettlers should be assisted to overcome possible adverse social and environmental effects from the increased population density. These concerns are valid for the South African situation, and the question is, whether this resettlement encapsulates the above. The goals of the research are twofold. To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the resettlement project and its sustainability. In particular focussing on the constraints to the implementation of the land policy. Research questions include the following: How was the project carried out? Is the resettlement integrated into the socio-economic and development planning of the area? How viable and sustainable is the new settlement? What are the major problems and challenges facing this area and how can they be overcome?
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Stone, Glenn Davis. "Agrarian ecology and settlement patterns: An ethnoarchaeological case study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although settlement patterns are a central topic of archaeological research, there is a paucity of general theory on the determinants of agrarian settlement. What passes for a theory of agrarian settlement in archaeology is a borrowed model which does not recognize the relationship between population density and agricultural intensity. This dissertation argues that the rules determining where farmers settle are inextricable from how they farm. Ethnohistoric and ethnoarchaeological data are used to investigate the relationship between agricultural change and the determinants of settlement location in the case of the Kofyar, a population of farmers colonizing a frontier area in the central Nigerian savanna. As they moved into an area with a low ratio of population to productive land, Kofyar agriculture was extensified in accord with the Boserup (1965) model. With potentially greater travel costs associated with domestic water than with farm plots, streams exerted a strong attraction to early settlements. With increasing land pressure, the attraction value of farmland eclipsed the attraction to water. Contrary to Boserup's theory that agricultural responses to land pressure cross-cut environments, analysis of settlement histories of over 1000 households shows that responses vary with soil type. Farmers on high-quality sandstone-derived soils tend to intensify cultivation, while farmers on inferior shale-derived and igneous-derived soils tend to abandon their farms when yields begin to decline. The location of Kofyar compounds with respect to each other is closely related to the labor demands of agricultural production. The restricted range of distances between residential compounds reflects the reliance on inter-household collaboration in agricultural production.
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Xulu, Sifiso. "Land degradation and settlement intensification in Umhlathuze Municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The multifaceted land degradation problem and its associated manifold impacts have attracted research from different disciplines, resulting in varying definitions of the concept. However, most researchers agree that human intervention that deteriorates the state of the environment is the central element. Among the anthropogenic activities that exacerbate land degradation, land cover has been singled out as the salient element. Rapid and unplanned land cover changes are primary manifestations of this problem. UMhlathuze Municipality, the study area which has superior biodiversity richness, is one of fastest growing municipalities in South Africa and is the locale of significant land modifications in recent decades because of a variety of industrial and residential developments. Using Landsat TM imagery acquired for 1984, 1996 and 2004, this study mapped and quantified land cover change and manifestations of land degradation in the uMhlathuze Municipality in conjunction with settlement intensification computed from orthophotographs acquired for 1984 and 2004. Census population statistics were analysed as a reflection of population dynamics and further to gauge related causes of land cover change. Geographical information technology (GIT) was applied as an analytical tool. The results revealed the anthropogenic influences that led to changes in land cover over the 20- year period between 1984 and 2004. The dominant natural cover classes in 1984 declined continuously and human-dominated land categories had increased sharply by 2004. Much of grasslands, forest and wetlands were converted to monotypical agroforestry (sugar cane and forestry plantations), built-up settlement and mining. These changes engendered complete loss of biodiversity (floral and migration of fauna). Bare ground, signifying land degradation, was noticeable although it exhibited a fluctuating trend which could be attributable to differences between the various imagery used. Along with population growth, the area of settlements increased over the study period and spatially sprawled from urban areas. Settlements showed a fairly stable spatial configuration over the 20-year period, but became magnified in medium- and high-density areas. Grassland and wetlands occurring around Richards Bay, as well as indigenous forest near Port Durnford, were identified as critically threatened ecosystems. The proposed industrial development zone and port expansion were recognized as having adverse ecological implications for wetlands. The study concluded that significant land cover changes occurred in the form of natural land cover giving way to monotypical agroforestry, built-up settlements and mining - all to the detriment of pristine natural habitat.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veelvlakkige probleem van omgewingsdegradasie en die gepaardgaande veelsoortige impakte lok navorsing uit verskillende dissiplines, wat lei tot verskillende definisies van die konsep. Tog is die meeste navorsers dit eens dat menslike invloede die sentrale element is wat die toestand van die omgewing verswak. Van die vele menslike aktiwiteite is grondgebruikverandering uitgesonder as die belangrikste beïnvloeder van agteruitgang van die omgewing. Veral vinnige en onbeplande grondgebruikveranderinge verteenwoordig die primêre manifestasies van hierdie probleem. UMhlathuze Munisipaliteit, die studiegebied met 'n hoë biodiversiteitsrykdom, is een van die vinnigste groeiende munisipaliteite in Suid-Afrika, waar 'n verskeidenheid nywerheids- en residensiële ontwikkelings beduidende grondgebruikverandering oor die afgelope dekades dryf. Met behulp van Landsat TM beelde van 1984, 1996 en 2004, is hierdie studiegebied gekarteer en oppervlaktes gekwantifiseer om grondgebruikverandering en verwante manifestasies van die agteruitgang van landbedekking in die uMhlathuze Munisipaliteit te konstateer. Tesame hiermee is die verdigting van nedersettings ook met behulp van ortofoto’s van 1984 en 2004 aangeteken. Bevolkingsensusstatistieke is ontleed as weerspieëling van die gepaardgaande bevolkingsdinamika en om moontlike oorsake van verandering in grondbedekking te bepaal. Vir hierdie doel is geografiese inligtingstegnologie (GIT ) as analitiese instrument toegepas. Die resultate toon antropogeniese invloede lei tot veranderinge in grondbedekking oor die tydperk van 20 jaar tussen 1984 en 2004. Die dominante natuurlike dekkingsklasse in 1984 het voortdurend verminder en menslik-gedomineerde kategorieë het teen 2004 skerp gestyg. Baie van die grasvelde, woude en vleilande is daadwerklik omskep tot monotipiese agro-bosbou (suikerrieten bosbouplantasies), beboude nedersetting en mynbou. Hierdie veranderinge behels 'n volledige verlies van biodiversiteit (plantegroei en migrasie van fauna). Kaalgrond, wat dui op die agteruitgang van grondbedekking, was ook opvallend, hoewel dit 'n wisselende tendens toon wat ook kan wees as gevolg van die verskille tussen die beeldmateriaal wat gebruik is. Saam met die groei van die bevolking is bevind dat nedersettings oor die studieperiode toegeneem het en in tipiese spreipatrone weg van die stedelike gebiede uitbrei. Nedersettings het 'n redelik stabiele ruimtelike liggingsopset oor die tydperk van 20 jaar getoon, maar het in medium- en hoë- digtheid gebiedeverdeel. Die voorkoms van grasveld en vleiland rondom Richardsbaai, asook inheemse woud naby Port Durnford, is geïdentifiseer as krities-bedreigde ekosisteme. Die voorgestelde nywerheidsontwikkelingsone en hawe-uitbreiding is geïdentifiseer as ontwikkelings met nadelige ekologiese implikasies vir vleilande. Daar is dus tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beduidende voortgaande grondbedekkingveranderinge in die gebied voorkom, waarin natuurlike landdekking transformeer tot monotipiese agrobosbou, beboude nedersettings en mynbou - alles tot nadeel van die ongerepte natuurlike habitat.
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Linse, Angela R. "Settlement change documentation and analysis : a case study from the Mogollon region of the American Southwest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6545.
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Lange, Sandra. "The case of uneven development in Palestine an investigation of scalar fix as an act of dispossession /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 148 p. : ill., (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-148).
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Emanuelsson, Marie. "Settlement and land-use history in the central Swedish forest region : the use of pollen analysis in interdisciplinary studies /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6307-6.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Land settlement Case studies"
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Yadav, Suresh Prasad. Settlement dispersion: A quantitative analysis. New Delhi, India: Inter-India Publications, 1993.
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Evolution and spatial organization of clan settlements: A case study of middle Ganga Valley. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 1986.
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López-Hurtado, Eduardo Durand. Problems in three new land settlements in Andean countries. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies, 1987.
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J, Tsiu Mapaseka, ed. Assessment of land use on the resettlement farms Lievenberg, Drimiopsis, and Du Plessis. Windhoek, Namibia: Namibia Institute for Democracy, 2008.
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Brenneisen, Eliane, and José de Souza Martins. Travessias: A vivência da reforma agrária nos assentamentos. Porto Alegre, RS: UFRGS Editora, 2003.
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Ewusi, Kodwo. The development and resettlement of oncho-freed zones in the Volta River Basin of West Africa: A report to the Food and Agricultural [sic] Organization. [Legon, Ghana]: Institute of Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, 1985.
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Weaver, Bobby. Castro's colony: Empresario development in Texas, 1842-1865. College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press, 1985.
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Lal, Bhajan. Settlement pattern & rural land use in Shekhawati (Raj.). Jodhpur: Books Treasure, 1998.
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Lal, Bhajan. Settlement pattern & rural land use in Shekhawati (Raj.). Jodhpur: Books Treasure, 1998.
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Barnard, Alan. Social relations in a changing southern Africa: Case studies from Botswana and Namibia. Edinburgh: Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 1993.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Land settlement Case studies"
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Pisman, Ann, and Stijn Vanacker. "Diagnosis of the State of the Territory in Flanders. Reporting About New Maps and Indicators Differentiating Between Urban and Rural Areas Within Flanders." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 209–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWithin the several European analyses of spatial patterns, Belgium and Flanders take a specific position. The average ‘settlement area percentage’ (i.e., all land used beyond agriculture, semi-natural areas, forestry, and water bodies) for Europe is 4%, but 32% of the Flemish area is occupied with artificial land. Belgium has the highest score for urban-sprawl indicators, and within the European context, almost the entire area is considered urban. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to expand on the theme of indicators for spatial patterns by analyzing the Flemish area with detailed data across various scales. The results are collected in a report, the ‘Ruimterapport’— ‘RURA’, published in 2018. RURA is a bundling and compilation of research results from very diverse sources, amongst others studies from the Department of Environment and Spatial Development of Flanders and of Espon studies. This article presents the most important results from RURA and further positions them in international comparative literature. New maps and indicators are developed for the urban/peri-urban/rural dimensions of the human settlement area, urban sprawl, and settlement patterns by differentiating amongst others between urban centers, ribbon development, and scattered buildings. The paper gives a quantitative, methodological, and empirical contribution to the field of urban and regional development processes and contributes to conceptualizations of space. The case of Flanders, with its specific sprawl pattern, illustrates the difficulties spatial planning policy makers currently are facing, dealing with the complexity of space and society.
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King, David, and Yetta Gurtner. "Land Use Planning for Demographic Change After Disasters in New Orleans, Christchurch and Innisfail." In The Demography of Disasters, 101–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Land use planning is dominated by the growth paradigm—planning and development strategies of cities and regions to encompass increased demand for housing and infrastructure. Urban and Regional planning strategies are focused on enhancing development and growth to counter decline. In contrast, an emerging literature is concerned with planning for decline—managing population and infrastructure loss, decommissioning settlements and planning for reduced population and economy. The advent of a disaster is frequently a catalyst for local decline, but such loss is often connected to longer term issues and trends of population decline. New Orleans, Christchurch and Innisfail are examined in this chapter, to illustrate issues of population loss and demographic change against the impacts of specific disasters. The case studies exhibit multiple patterns of migration both spatially and temporally. Net migration has reflected population loss, but is not homogenous across the community. Specific demographic, cultural and socio-economic groups exhibited different patterns of migration and mobility. Reconstruction of such settlements faces changed demography with a shift in service and infrastructure needs. A reduced population requires land use rezoning, new strategic plans, land use change, removal of structures and re-siting of infrastructure while climate change related adaptation strategies identify protect, accommodate or retreat. Case studies illustrate various approaches to these issues.
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Rao, Jyoti. "Case Studies from Scotland." In Functionings of Land, 39–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1441-4_3.
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Last, F. T., M. C. B. Hotz, and B. G. Bell. "Commentary: Case Studies." In Land and its Uses — Actual and Potential, 567–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2169-9_45.
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Hudson, N. W., Gedion Shone, Sr Dolores Rauch, P. Nyamudeza, E. Mazhangara, T. Busangavanye, E. Jones, et al. "7. Land Husbandry Case Studies." In Working with Farmers, 181–220. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446493.007.
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Abruzzi, William S. "Ecology and Mormon Settlement in Northeastern Arizona." In Case Studies in Human Ecology, 365–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9584-4_17.
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Russo, Michael, and Irvy R. Quitmyer. "Developing Models of Settlement for the Florida Gulf Coast." In Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology, 235–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71303-8_12.
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Clay, Daniel C., and Laurence A. Lewis. "Land Use, Soil Loss, and Sustainable Agriculture in Rwanda." In Case Studies in Human Ecology, 271–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9584-4_12.
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Fowler, Catherine S. "Historical Perspectives On Timbisha Shoshone Land Management Practices Death Valley California." In Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology, 43–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71303-8_3.
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Oellers-Frahm, Karin, and Andreas Zimmermann. "Case Concerning Sovereignty over Certain Frontier Land (Belgium/Netherlands), Special Agreement of March 7, 1957." In Dispute Settlement in Public International Law, 2077–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56626-4_110.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Land settlement Case studies"
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Reis Santos, Mariana. "Does the implementation of special zones of social interest (ZEIS) encourages adequate housing in precarious settlement? The case of San Paolo." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/hfqf7018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the establishment of the Constitution of 1988, a new approach to urban governance emerged in Brazil. The document brought significant changes regarding the right to the city and adequate housing, in particular, for the urban poor. The recognition of these rights triggered the experimentation with inclusionary policies around the country (Rolnik and Santoro, 2013). As a result, informal settlements started to be acknowledged as part of the formal city and were included in zoning and planning laws. One of the main outcomes of these experiments was the creation of Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS), a land and housing policy that linked investments on infrastructure in precarious settlements to land regularisation processes. In 2001, ZEIS was incorporated into the City Statute, a document that established a range of collective rights to guide land use and development. Since then, the instrument has gained popularity in the country as a land regularisation tool. Nevertheless, a considerable share of settlements remains poorly built and addressing informality is still a challenge. Therefore, this paper evaluated the co-relation between the implementation of ZEIS, land regularisation processes and provision of basic infrastructure in precarious settlements. More specifically, it measured the quality of State interventions supported by the zoning. By focusing on quality, this article aimed to evaluate whether ZEIS has encouraged adequate housing conditions for the urban poor or reinforced precarious patterns of development. To explore this relationship, a case study was conducted on the performance of ZEIS in Favela of Sapé, a settlement in the West of São Paulo. As a methodology, case studies have become a common option for performing evaluations and analyse what a program, practice or police has achieved (Yin, 2012). Moreover, this research strategy commonly relies on various sources of field-based information (Yin, 2012). Accordingly, this paper comprised mainly primary qualitative data. It also made broad use of content and secondary analysis, with the goal of ensuring validity and reliability. The performance of ZEIS in Sapé demonstrated that since its implementation, in 2001, tenure security and physical characteristics have enhanced considerably in the area, particularly, when it comes to housing quality and provision of basic infrastructure. Nevertheless, these accomplishments are being compromised by a strong process of reoccupation which is supported by illegal organisations. In addition, there is a delay of the Municipality in meeting the demands for housing in the area because of governance issues and mismanagement of financial resources. This scenario, combined with a weak inspection body, has once again permitted the development of precarious housing and infrastructure in the area. It also has compromised the issuance of freehold land titles to the settlement’s dwellers. In other words, the site is under a vicious circle where neither the provision of housing and infrastructure is enough to meet the demand nor the land regularisation is completed because of the reoccupations. In sum, although the implementation of ZEIS seems to have a share of responsibility in Sapé’s upgrading process, the local authorities do not have the capacity of reinforcement necessary to maintain these improvements. Furthermore, it is fair to assume that the current legal framework provided by ZEIS is not adequate for the context of São Paulo and requires further adjustments. Not only because of the complex character of the city, but also because in practice, urban norms may be interpreted differently according to political and cultural conditions (Rolnik, 1997).
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Schneider-Skalska, Grażyna, and Paweł Tor. "Residential areas in the structure of the city: case studies from west europe and Krakow." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Once they adopted the sedentary lifestyle, humans set to building settlements which were to protect groups of families and give them the sense of belonging to a material and social community. The settlement unit which could be called a housing complex goes back thousands of years BC. The scale of problems related to housing environment grew considerably with the emergence and development of cities, yet truly distinctive quantitative and qualitative changes occurred in the early 20th century.
Implementation of the programmatic assumptions of the Athens Charter resulted in the emergence of spatial and functional structures based on hierarchic dependence of components. The initial projects reflected the pursuit of a human-scale environment and the structural division into neighbourhood units. Undoubtedly, the second part of the 20th century brought about a change in the trends of development in cities. Large housing estates were abandoned in favour of a much greater diversity of housing complex forms – the revived form of city street, urban block or the classic form of a residential complex with clearly delineated structure, services and – most frequently –some recreational areas. The 21st century draws from well-known patterns, complementing them with new elements and solutions imposed by the requirements of the principles of sustainable development. Due to the limited availability of land in highly urbanized central city parts, contemporary housing development occupies more peripheral areas, often at the border between urban and rural neighbourhoods. The development process involves numerous participants, often with opposing interests – public authorities, whose concern should be sustainable growth of the whole city, and developer firms and investors, whose motivation is to maximize profit. This situation has led in most Polish cities to the emergence of disconnected fenced-away residential ghettos with no spatial order.
Meanwhile, housing development in Western Europe continues to be built as planned urban complexes drawing from the experience of the past and satisfying the needs of the contemporary city dwellers.
The article presents several urban complexes with dominant housing development (Orestad in Copenhagen, Monte Laa and Nordbahnhof-Area in Vienna, Ijburg in Amsterdam and Riem in Munich) built relatively recently.It discusses their functional, spatial and social characteristics, which make them examples of good practice in contemporary urban planning. They demonstrate clearly that only comprehensive planning in a broader scale guarantees creation of high-quality urban spaces, where the welfare of resident communities is a priority.
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Cao, Z. X., Y. Chen, J. Chen, and Q. Xu. "Laboratory Studies on the Characteristics of Public Fill used in Reclamation Project in the Deep-sea Area." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To reduce solid wastes and recover useful resources, an artificial island in the deep-sea area was built and it was planned to use the sorted public fill as the replacement of sand in the land reclamation. The use of the public fill as the replacement of sand not only reduced the CO2 emission, but also shortened the construction period. Although the use of public fill gives benefits to environmental sustainability, the public fill is rarely used in Hong Kong for reclamation in the deep-sea artificial island. Furthermore, the short-term and long-term post-construction settlement due to surcharge load is a key issue in the reclamation work, while limited information of the physical and mechanical properties of the public fill could be found in the past engineering projects. In addition, there are many uncertainties and influencing factors in the construction site such as the surcharge load magnitudes, modes of the loading process, and the variability of geotechnical parameters. How these factors influence the mechanical behavior of the public fill is an interesting issue. This paper gives first-hand laboratory test results accompanied by theoretical analysis to address the mentioned issues. After a comprehensive and careful measurement of several basic engineering properties, such as bulk density, particle size distribution, and Atterberg limits, large-scale oedometer tests were systematically conducted to study the compressibility of the public fill. It is found both volume compressibility and consolidation coefficient decrease with an increasing axial effective stress. An interesting finding is that an increasing fines content with a certain range will lead to an increase in the compressibility of the public fill, indicating the fines content may need to be considered in the land reclamation works. In addition, remarkable creep could be observed if the current vertical stress is lower than the preloading pressure. After obtaining design parameters and ensuring allowable settlement through both in-house laboratory tests and in-situ field tests, the project in the technical paper may be a good reference for future land reclamation design and construction cases.
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Chen, Chih-Hung, and Chun-Ya Chuang. "Urban form in special geographical conditions: a case study in Kenting National Park." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6186.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban form in special geographical conditions: a case study in Kenting National Park. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chun-Ya Chuang¹ ¹Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords: Kenting National Park, special geographical conditions, Historico-Geographical approach, morphotope Conference topics and scale: City transformations Since the land surface is heterogeneous, the natural landscape as an essential element in contemporary morphological studies becomes the initial factor in the formation of a settlement. Moreover, the interaction with natural landscape, built form and the boundary matrix can illuminate ecological perspective on the form of the city. (Scheer, 2016) To understand the urban form under special geographical conditions, a case study is conducted in Kenting National Park, which is a tropical area with rich landscape such as moutains, lakes and rivers, plains, basins, and surrounded by seas. An analytical approach based on Historico-Geographical approach (Kropf, 2009; Oliveira, 2016) is applied in this paper. After identifying the scope of 42 settlements, there are three outer shape types such as compact, scattered, linear. Then, three kinds of morphotopes (Conzen, 1988) can mainly be figured out by comparing the combination between streets, buildings and plots: i) Detached, duplex houses on small plots along the access road; ii) Attached buildings on small plots along the main road; iii) Villas or hotels on large plots along the main road. Finally, the relationship between the larger plan units (Conzen, 1960) and the geographical conditions shows that the homogeneous configuration of plan units corresponds to the certain landscape. On the other hand, this article seeks to find out the impacts and changes caused by special geographical conditions in consequence of the landscape affects not only the formation of urban form but the evolution because its influence on socio-economic conditions. References Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A study in Town-plan Analysis (Institute of British Geographers, London). Conzen, M.R.G. (1988) ‘Morphogenesis, morphological regions, and secular human agency in the historic townscape, as exemplified by Ludlow’, in Urban Historical Geography. Recent progress in Britain and Germany, 253-272. Kropf, K. (2009) ‘Aspects of urban form’, Urban morphology 13(2), 105-20. Oliveira, V. (2016) Urban Morphology (Springer International Publishing, Switzerland), 102-111. Scheer, B. C. (2016) ‘The epistemology of urban morphology’, Urban Morphology 20, 5-17.
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Mycoo, Michelle. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRANSFORMING INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/bhck8814.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Informal settlements are quite complex because they consist of economically disadvantaged, often landless households located on steep hillsides, floodplains and swamps, which contribute to their exclusion from accessing infrastructure. These challenges need not be constraints; rather they offer opportunities for transformation. Such communities are generally characterised by inadequate access to safe water; inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure; poor structural quality of housing; overcrowding and insecure residential status. This paper uses primary and secondary data to determine the drivers which impact on the burgeoning of informal settlements in the Caribbean and analyses their implications for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 11 which focuses on achieving safer, sustainable and resilient human settlements. The main findings of the paper are that housing shortages, delays in obtaining planning approvals, inflated land values and poverty contribute to the growth of informal settlements. However, such settlements occupy vulnerable sites where infrastructure is sometimes lacking and they help trigger environmental hazards which may be further exacerbated by climate change. Based on the key findings of the empirical evidence, the paper raises what is the critical role of engineering and engineering education in improving access by informal settlements to basic services that are fundamental in achieving sustainable, resilient human settlements and human well-being? These questions are answered within the Caribbean Small Island Developing States context and draws from a cross-section of case studies within the region.
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Karunathilaka, H. L. P. U., K. A. K. Devapriya, and V. G. Shanika. "EFFECT OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON EXPRESSWAY CONSTRUCTION IN SRI LANKA." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Expressway construction projects are one of the crucial infrastructure projects for a country. Hence, assessment of environmental and social implications prior to initiation of the expressway construction project is vital. Thus, the research aims to analyse effect of social and environmental factors on expressway construction in Sri Lanka. Initially a comprehensive literature review was done to discuss on expressway construction in Sri Lanka and environmental and social implications of expressway construction in global context. The study followed a qualitative approach. Hence, four expert interviews were carried out to explore more on the same context limiting to Sri Lanka. Experts were selected from only on-going expressway project in Sri Lanka, central expressway project. Moreover, collected data were analysed through manual content analysis. The study findings highlighted viaduct construction, land acquisition and rock blasting as the major activities relating to environmental implications of the expressway construction projects. Thus, rational, logical, scientific, and technical selection of the routes is the most effective and efficient mean in minimizing adverse impacts. Hence planning of these activities should be done with due care by authorities only after proper feasibility studies. Further, major factors affecting social implications of the expressway construction have been identified as settlement, livelihood, public infrastructure and health and safety. Hence, resettlement action plans need to be updated to comply with the identified requirements through environmental and social factors.
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Turaga, Vasanta Sobha. "Fading urban memories: status of conservation of historic Samsthan/Zamindari Palaces in Small and medium town master plans in Telangana, India." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/wzuc7012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘Public memores’ are an imporant aspect in preserving a place’s culture and heritage. Actions of the government and society many times define/redefine identities of places, impacting collective memory of people in perceiving places. Conscious efforts are required to make and keep public memories alive. Insensitive and uninformed Urban Planning can lead to erasing history and heritage not just physically but from public memories as well. This Paper discusses the issues of Fading Urban Memories by taking case studies of two historic towns in the South Indian State of Telangana. Most of the Small & Medium Towns in Telangana, India, developed over the last two centuries from their historic core areas of the Capitals of erstwhile Samsthans/Zamindaris, land revenue admistration units/sub-regional authorities under the British and the Princely States’ Rulesin India till Independence in 1947. These Samsthans/Zamindars/ Jagirdars were ‘Chieftains’ of their own territories and ruled from ‘Palaces’ located in their Capital city/town. The palaces and historic areas of old Samsthan/Zamindari settlements represent local histories whose significance, memory, heritage needs to be preserved for posterity. Gadwa and Wanaparthy were two such towns, which developed mid-17 Century onwards becoming present day Municipalities of different Grades. The Department of Town and Country Planning, Govt. Of Telangana, prepares Master Plans for development of Municipalities. The surviving Fort/Palaces is marked by their present land use in the development plans, unrecognized for thier heritage status, thus posing threat to heritage being erased from collective Urban memory. The case studies presented in this paper are from the ongoing doctoral research work being done by the author at School of Planning and Architecture, Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University, Hyderabad, on the topic of ‘Planning for Conservation of Samshtan/Zamindari Palaces of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh’.
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Meunier, J. "Land PRM Case Studies." In EAGE Workshop on Permanent Reservoir Monitoring (PRM) - Using Seismic Data 2011. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145210.
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Karpova, Maria V. "Improvement Of Personnel Policy In The Urban Settlement Administration." In Conference on Land Economy and Rural Studies Essentials. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.07.23.
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Ravet, Fabien, Fabien Briffod, Sanghoon Chin, Etienne Rochat, and Jean-Grégoire Martinez. "Pipeline Geohazard Risk Monitoring With Optical Fiber Distributed Sensors: Experience With Andean and Arctic Routes." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many pipelines are built in regions affected by harsh environmental conditions where changes in soil texture between winter and summer increase the likelihood of hazards. Pipeline routes also cross mountains that are characterized by steep slopes and unstable soils as in the Andes and along the coastal range of Brazil. In other cases, these pipelines are laid in remote areas with significant seismic activity or exposure to permafrost. Depending on weather conditions and location, visual inspection is difficult or even impossible and therefore remote sensing solutions for pipes offer significant advantages over conventional inspection techniques. Optical fibers can help solve these challenges. Optical fiber based geotechnical and structural monitoring use distributed measurement of strain and temperature thanks to the sensitivity of Brillouin scattering to mechanical and thermal effects. The analysis of scattering combined with a time domain technique allows the measurement of strain and temperature profiles. Temperature measurement is carried out to monitor soil erosion or dune migration through event quantification and spatial location. Direct measurement of strain in the soil also improves the detection of environmental hazards. As an example, the technology can pinpoint the early signs of landslides. In some cases, actual pipe deformation must be monitored such as in the case of an active tectonic fault crossing. Pipe deformation monitoring operation is achieved by the measurement of distributed strain along fiber sensors attached to the structure. This paper comprehensively reviews over 15 years of continuous development of pipeline geohazard risk monitoring with optical fiber distributed sensors from technology qualification and validation to its implementation in real cases as well as its successful continuous operation. Case studies presented include pipeline monitoring in Arctic and Siberian environment as well as in the Andes which illustrate how the technology is used and demonstrate proof of early detection and location of geohazard events such as erosion, landslide, settlement and pipe deformation.
Звіти організацій з теми "Land settlement Case studies"
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Margerum, Richard. Regional Transportation and Land Use Decision Making in Metropolitan Regions: Findings from Four Case Studies. Portland State University Library, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.60.
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R., Myers, Ravikumar A., and Larson A.M. Benefit sharing in context: A comparative analysis of 10 land-use change case studies in Indonesia. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/005585.
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Chinsinga, Blessings, and Lars Otto Naess. The Political Economy of Agricultural Commercialisation: Insights from Crop Value Chain Studies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.014.
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This paper is a synthesis of findings from 11 value chains case studies in six countries across sub- Saharan Africa, carried out as part of the APRA programme during 2020–21. The countries and their respective value chains case studies included: Ethiopia (rice), Ghana (oil palm and cocoa), Malawi (groundnuts), Nigeria (maize, cocoa and rice), Tanzania (rice and sunflower) and Zimbabwe (tobacco and maize). A political economy analysis (PEA) framework was used to examine the performance of the selected value chains in the six countries. The starting point for the studies was that the success of the value chains is driven by a combination of several factors, in particular related to the relative importance of a crop in the country’s political settlement, the relative influence of different actors, and, ultimately, its ability to generate and distribute rents. In this synthesis, we ask the following questions: (1) What are the drivers and obstacles to commercialisation in the value chains? (2) What are the key factors affecting rents and outcomes, and for whom? And, (3) what are the future prospects for the value chains?
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Goswami, Amlanjyoti, Deepika Jha, Sudeshna Mitra, Sahil Sasidharan, Kaye Lushington, and Mukesh Yadav. Land Records Modernisation in India: Gujarat. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195489381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems in Gujarat. Recognising the significance of land and its management for the state economy, Gujarat was among the early states to computerise its land records and processes and integrate them. In 2009, the state introduced resurveys using modern technology, which resulted in promulgation of updated records in more than sixty percent of villages, before being paused in 2018. Apart from political leadership, administrative initiatives such as documenting procedures and operational guidelines, incentivising of regular progress and reporting, and regular capacity building helped the state in making a significant progress. Gujarat is among the most urbanised and industrialised states in the country, and this volume presents case studies on the state of land and property records in urban and industrial areas, and the attempts to modernise them.
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Goswami, Amlanjyoti, Sudeshna Mitra, Deepika Jha, Kaye Lushington, and Sahil Sasidharan. Land Records Modernisation in India: An Institutional, Legal & Policy Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195489305.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems at the national level. Introducing property records and patterns of ownership in India, it provides an overview of various central government schemes promoting land records modernisation. It discusses the systemic and legal characteristics of land records and the proposed shift to conclusive land titling system, drawing attention to issues of tenure and property rights, especially in the urban and peri-urban context. Presenting multiple case studies on ongoing modernisation initiatives in some of the study states, the volumes also looks at the roles of multiple institutional stakeholders and the interfaces between them. Operational challenges faced in this transition to technology have also been discussed, in an attempt to bring out an overall picture of crucial issues and best practices across state-level diversities. The objective is to highlight the possibility of multiple trajectories and look at ways in which states can learn from each other by sharing experiences, while simultaneously acknowledging that there are certain issues that are typical of a particular state and must be resolved via deeper engagement with the local terrain.
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Avis, William. Armed Group Transition from Rebel to Government. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Governments and political parties with an armed history are not unusual, yet how these groups function during and after the transition from conflict has largely been ignored by the existing literature. Many former armed groups have assumed power in a variety of contexts. Whilst this process is often associated with brokered peace agreements that encourage former combatants to transform into political parties, mobilise voters, and ultimately stand for elections, this is not always the case. What is less clearly understood is how war termination by insurgent victory shapes patterns of post-war politics. This rapid literature review collates available evidence of transitions made by armed groups to government. The literature collated presents a mixed picture, with transitions mediated by an array of contextual factors that are location and group specific. Case studies are drawn from a range of contexts where armed groups have assumed some influence over government (these include those via negotiated settlement, victory and in contexts of ongoing protracted conflict). The review provides a series of readings and case studies that are of use in understanding how armed groups may transition in “post-conflict” settings.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research. Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices. Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed. Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data. Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren, and Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.
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Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, and Joseph Teye. Long-Term Change, Commercialisation of Cocoa Farming, and Agroecosystems and Forest Rehabilitation in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.002.
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Cocoa production has a long history in Ghana, originating in the late nineteenth century. Since then, cocoa production has seen significant changes. Originally, cocoa was cultivated in newly cleared forests in which many forest trees were preserved as shade trees. Cocoa is ideally suited to these conditions and produces high yields with minimum investment in labour and inputs. However, over time, as the forest conditions change, the cost of cultivating cocoa has increased and yields have declined. As long as new forest frontiers exist, farmers have continued to move into these areas, which have displaced older areas of cultivation, since the costs of production are significantly lower in the new frontiers. In recent years, however, new forest frontiers have declined and most cocoa farmers have been forced to rehabilitate and replant cocoa in open land. This study examines the rational of frontier development; changes in land relations, labour relations and use of technology; and the impact of these factors on different categories of farmers, including women and youth. This is developed through two comparative case studies drawn from the older cocoa frontier of the Eastern Region, and the more recent frontier of Western North Region.
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Lucas, Brian. Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Carbon Emissions. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.039.
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There is very little evidence that trade facilitation measures have a significant impact on carbon emissions, except in the case of trucks at land border crossings, where there is good evidence that trade facilitation can lead to significant reductions in emissions. There is good evidence that trade facilitation measures at land border crossings can reduce traffic congestion and waiting times for trucks, but only limited evidence of the impact of these improvements on carbon emissions. Computer models of inspection stations at the USA-Mexico border suggest that improving the efficiency of land border crossings through the driver, vehicle, and cargo pre-registration, automating inspection and administrative processes, and carrying out joint customs inspections could potentially reduce CO2 emissions from trucks by up to 86% in some cases. There appears to be no evidence available about whether trade facilitation efforts at seaports have an impact on carbon emissions; this issue appears to not have been studied by any ports, international agencies, or researchers. Some seaports have produced estimates of their carbon footprints, but none appear to have considered customs inspection or other activities related to trade facilitation as a distinct activity. Very few studies address the impacts of trade facilitation on carbon emissions across global value chains. Two studies that have done so suggest that trade facilitation measures could lead to small increases in CO2 emissions, ranging from less than 0.1% to 2.23%. Studies examining the more general relationship between increasing trade and carbon emissions, without specifically focusing on trade facilitation measures, have found mixed results including positive, negative, and inverse U-shaped relationships in different countries and groups of countries; several of these studies suggest that a country’s level of economic development and quality of political institutions influence the relationship between trade openness and carbon emissions.