Готові списки джерел за темами / Laminated materials Effect of temperature on Testing

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Laminated materials Effect of temperature on Testing"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Laminated materials Effect of temperature on Testing"

bin Yaakob, Mohd Yuhazri, T. T. T. Jennise, H. Sihombing, N. Mohamad, S. H. Yahaya, and M. Y. A. Zalkis. "Water Absorption and Thickness Swelling of Laminated Composite after Cured at Different Angle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.86.

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Moisture absorption is a very important factor in polymers and composite materials used for hull manufacture and stability in marine environment. High water absorption of the material will affects the mechanical properties and stability in composite. This research is carried out to study the feasibility of the gravity effects on curing position of the laminated composite structures to enhance the curing space needed. Vertical cured laminate having almost similar properties with common horizontal cured laminate able to save much space in composite industry. Horizontal cured laminates filled up spaces in which SMI lack of. Polyesters and E-glass fibers were used as the raw material in this research. Vacuum bagging technique was used to suck out the excess resin during lay-up to avoid any voids and air inside laminate and cured at different angle position in room temperature for 24 hours. Seven samples of laminated composite were fabricated and cut into specific dimension in accordance to ASTM standard. This paper will discuss about the investigation on the water absorption and thickness swelling of the thermosetting laminated composite by curing the laminate at different angle using vacuum bagging technique. From the testing, SN6 and SN7 shows to have good water resistant in physical properties.

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Knight, Jonathan T., Alaa A. El-Sisi, Ahmed H. Elbelbisi, Michael Newberry, and Hani A. Salim. "Mechanical Behavior of Laminated Glass Polymer Interlayer Subjected to Environmental Effects." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 5113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235113.

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It is known that weathering action has a significant impact on polymer interlayer materials, and previous studies have evaluated certain aspects of weathering such as temperature, humidity, and UV radiation. In this paper, the environmental effect on the mechanical properties of the virgin and cured/processed polymer interlayer materials will be studied. Three polymer interlayer materials were focused, i.e., Polyvinyl butyral (PVB), Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and Ionomer (SG), due to their industrial interest. Testing setups were designed to apply the environmental effects and perform mechanical testing on the polymeric materials. Four environmental effects were studied, including water submersion (E1), constant high temperature (E2), cyclic temperature with low relative humidity (E3), cyclic temperature, and relative humidity (E4). After the exposure of these materials to these environmental effects, the samples were prepared and mechanically tested. Uniaxial tests were performed under static and high strain rates (around 45−1). It was found that under dynamic load, the properties of EVA such as the strength, maximum strain, and the toughness were not significantly affected by the environmental effects. SG5000 properties were significantly affected.

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Jennise, T. T. T., Mohd Yuhazri bin Yaakob, H. Sihombing, N. Mohamad, S. H. Yahaya, and M. Y. A. Zalkis. "Hardness of Laminated Composite for Different Angle Cured Positions under Influence of Gravity Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 1566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1566.

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Utilization of high tech engineering materials such as composites has been extensively applied in the industries of civil, mechanical and aerospace due to their favourable characteristic such as high stiffness to weight ratio, improve corrosion and environmental resistance and potential reduction of processing. This research is carried out to study the feasibility of laminated composite after cured at different angle due to gravity effects to enhance the curing space required. Vertically cured laminate having similar or improved properties with common horizontally cured laminate to save much space bringing huge advantage especially to the developing Small and Medium Industries / Entrepreneurs (SMI/E). The horizontal cured laminate composite no doubt will fill up the spaces which SMI/E lacks of. Polyester and E-type fiber glass were the main raw materials used in the research via vacuum bagging technique to drain out the excess resin applied as well as minimize the void or air in the laminated composite. The laminated composite fabricated is cured at different curing angle positions in room temperature for 24 hours under the gravity effects. Five samples were prepared according to the ASTM standard to undergo hardness test. From the testing, SN6 which cured at 75˚ had the closest hardness to the horizontal cured control sample.

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Louis, Bryan M., Florian Klunker, and Paolo Ermanni. "Effect of locally deposited nanosilica particles on interlaminar fracture toughness of high glass-transition temperature epoxy carbon fiber-reinforced composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 25 (April 23, 2019): 3599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319836063.

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This study explores the toughening of fiber-reinforced composite laminates to prevent against mode 1 delamination by using a selective placement of nanosilica particles in only the out-of-tow interlaminar regions of the laminate. In place of a conventional homogenous particle distribution throughout the laminate, “selective toughening” through controlled particle deposition is examined with the objective to increase the nanosilica toughening efficiency. Using a laboratory-scale manufacturing route conceptually similar to a combined prepreg and resin-film process, uni-directional carbon fiber composite laminates containing high glass-transition temperature amine-cured Dow D.E.R. 330 epoxy are produced from both particle distribution configurations. Comparisons are made by double cantilever beam testing for mode 1 delamination fracture energy G1C and by examination of the fracture surfaces. The results show that further nanosilica toughening efficiency is possible with local deposition and toughening compared to the conventional homogenous particle distribution throughout the laminate. For the same total nanosilica particle content in the laminate, the delamination toughening effects are maintained or improved when locally toughened in only the out-of-tow interlaminar regions. For mode 1 delamination initiation and propagation, fracture energy increases in the range of 60% over the untoughened laminates are found for the laminates with a local particle distribution. By comparison, those laminates with a conventional homogeneous particle distribution saw increase of 20–35% over the untoughened laminates. The implications of the localized toughening approach are discussed to provide further guidance in optimizing the use of nanosilica particles and particle toughening in general in composite laminates.

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Bo, Jiang, Ren Xueping, Han Yujie, Hou Hongliang, and Wang Yaoqi. "An investigation of the mechanical properties and bonding mechanism of Ti/Al-laminated composites fabricated by ultrasonic consolidation." Composites and Advanced Materials 30 (January 1, 2021): 2633366X2096919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633366x20969193.

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Foils such as 1100 aluminum and TC4 titanium were used as matrix materials for ultrasonic consolidation test of dissimilar metal materials, and the samples of Ti/Al-laminated composites were prepared. The effect of amplitude and static pressure on the interfacial bonding strength of Ti/Al foil was studied by adhesion test. The mechanical properties of Ti/Al-laminated composites were tested by electronic universal testing machine. The microstructure of Ti/Al foil interface was observed by transmission electron microscope. The results show that ultrasonic consolidation can achieve a good bonding interface of Ti/Al foil, and the bonding strength of the interface increases first and then decreases with the increase of static pressure, and increases monotonously with the increase of amplitude. The optimum adhesion strength is 58.08 N cm−1. The high temperature deformation constitutive model of Ti/Al-laminated composites is established and verified. The Ti/Al interface has metallurgical bonding, and the inner microstructure of Ti/Al matrix is obviously refined. The surface of titanium foil has formed nanocrystalline.

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Khan, Wajid Ali, Jawad Khalid, and Arsalan Raja. "Effect of Varying Initial Processing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Epoxy Composites." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 40, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2104.03.

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Use of composite materials for structural application has greatly flourished in last three decades. Mechanical properties of carbon composite are largely dependent on the processing parameters like processing temperature, compaction pressure, resin flow and fiber orientation. Processing temperature has an important and decisive role in defining the properties of the composites and absence of proper temperature can cause reduced mechanical properties and defects like wrinkles and voids. This study focuses on varying the initial processing temperature for carbon laminates and documents the effect on mechanical properties of the composite produced. The testing range of temperature was specified by the choice of resin. It was found that the mechanical properties like tensile, bending and shear strength increased non-linearly with increasing initial temperature of processing. Increase of fiber volume fraction, fiber weight fraction and density were observed which along with better resin distribution, resin flow and increased laminate compaction can be attributed as key reasons of increased mechanical properties

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Yalkın, Hüseyin E., Ramazan Karakuzu, and Tuba Alpyıldız. "Experimental and numerical behaviors of GFRP laminates under low velocity impact." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 21 (February 16, 2020): 2999–3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320906871.

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The aim of the study is to investigate the behavior of laminated composites under low velocity impact both experimentally and numerically. With this aim, the effects of wide range impact energy values between 10 J and 60 J were evaluated experimentally and numerically for the laminate of [±45/(0/90)2]S oriented unidirectional E-glass as reinforcing material and epoxy resin for matrix material. Different impactor velocities were used to maintain the impact energy values and experimental impact tests were generated with drop weight impact testing machine at room temperature. Numerical simulations were performed using LS-DYNA finite element analysis software with a continuum damage mechanics-based material model MAT058. Contact force between impactor and laminate, and transverse deflection at the center of laminate results were obtained as a function of time and used to plot contact force–time curves, contact force–deflection curves and absorbed energy-impact energy curves. Also, delamination area was examined. Finally, numerical results were compared with experimental results and a good correlation between them was observed.

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Hosur, M. V., S. M. Waliul Islam, U. K. Vaidya, P. K. Dutta, and S. Jeelani. "Effects of Temperature and Moisture on the High Strain Rate Compression Response of Graphite/Epoxy Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 4 (September 22, 2003): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1605113.

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Experimental investigations were carried out on unidirectional Graphite/Epoxy laminate samples under dynamic compression loading using a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. High strain rate testing was carried out at room and elevated temperatures. 30 layered graphite/epoxy unidirectional laminates made using DA 4518U unidirectional prepregs system were fabricated. Tests were carried out on samples at room, 51.7°C, 121.1°C, and 190.6°C temperatures. Additional high strain rate tests were conducted on samples that were subjected to moist/freeze conditioning for 42 days. Failure modes were studied through scanning electron microscopy. Results of the study indicated plasticizing of matrix which was reflected through increased ductility of the samples as well as reduced slope of the stress-strain curves with the increase in temperature. Similar effect was evident in the samples that were subjected to moist/freeze conditioning.

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KARACOR, Berkay, and Mustafa ÖZCANLI. "Post curing temperature effect on mechanical characterization of jute/basalt fiber reinforced hybrid composites." International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal 6, no. 2 (under construction) (August 15, 2022): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35860/iarej.1089568.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have a fast-growing performance in many areas of engineering as a replacement for metallic materials due to their low density, low cost, specific mechanical characteristics, and lower energy consumption. The efficiency of fiber-reinforced polymer composites at high temperatures is an issue that requires to be well investigated before this type of composite can be used in important engineering fields. The aim of this study is to examine the change in mechanical properties of homogeneous and hybrid composites prepared from epoxy resin reinforced with jute fabric and basalt fabric at three diverse post-curing temperatures (50°C, 70°C, and 90°C). The vacuum- assisted resin transfer molding process was used to fabricate the laminated composites. The tensile strength and microhardness values of post- cured homogeneous and hybrid composite samples were determined by tensile tests and Vickers hardness measurements. A water absorption test was also performed to determine the water absorption capacity of the fabricated composites. After tensile testing of the fabricated structures, the effect of post-curing temperatures on the interaction of the fiber-matrix interface was investigated by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results indicate that with increasing the post-curing temperature from 50 °C to 90 °C, an improvement of 45.48% in tensile strength and 34.65% in hardness is achieved for the hybrid composites. Moreover, the results of the water absorption test show that the increased post-curing temperature reduces the water absorption capacity of the hybrid composites by 3.53 times.

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Boissin, E., C. Bois, J.-C. Wahl, and T. Palin-Luc. "Effect of temperature on damage mechanisms and mechanical behaviour of an acrylic-thermoplastic-matrix and glass-fibre-reinforced composite." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 27 (June 3, 2020): 4269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320929056.

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The mechanical response of polymer matrix composites exhibits a temperature dependency even if the service temperature range is lower than the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix. This dependency is mainly due to the temperature effect on the mechanical behaviour of the polymer matrix. However, the micro- and meso-structures driving the composite anisotropy and local stress distribution play an essential role regarding the effect of temperature on damage mechanisms specific to reinforced polymers. There are few data in the literature on the sensitivity to temperature of damage mechanisms and scenarios of polymer matrix composites regardless of loading type. In this paper, after a synthetic literature review of the effect of temperature on polymers and polymer composites, several complementary tests are proposed to analyse the temperature effect on damage mechanisms undergone by laminated composites under in-plane quasi static loadings. These tests are applied to an acrylic-thermoplastic composite reinforced by glass fibres in its service temperature range of –20℃ to 60℃. The results show that the testing temperature has a significant impact on the mechanical response and damage mechanisms of the composite material in the selected temperature range, which is markedly lower than the glass transition temperature (around 100℃). While the temperature rise generates a gradual decrease in matrix stiffness and strength, the increase in matrix ductility associated to the stress heterogeneity in the composite microstructure produces a rise in the transverse cracking threshold and removes this damage mode during quasi-static tensile tests when the temperature shifts from 15℃ to 40℃.

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Дисертації з теми "Laminated materials Effect of temperature on Testing"

Levander, Karen. "The effect of thickness on the fracture behavior of graphite/bismaleimede laminates with central circular holes." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53226.

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The influence of thickness and hole radius on the fracture strengths of Narmco V 5245C-G40-600 graphite/bismaleimide laminates was studied. Tests were run on 8 ply, 40 ply, and 80 ply quasi-isotropic laminates of stacking sequence [0/ ± 45/90]. Both unnotched and notched laminates were tested. Unnotched strength was found to be inversely proportional to thickness. Notched strengths were compared to three different failure models based on the stress distribution around the hole. Damage development around the holes was studied using x-ray radiography. In general, the small holes created more damage than the large holes and the thin laminates were more susceptible to damage than the thick laminates. All notched specimens exhibited matrix cracking in the 90° plies around the hole and vertical splitting in the 0° plies at the edge of the hole.
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Mobuchon, Alain. "Effect of processing induced defects on the failure characteristics of graphite epoxy angles." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53235.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the bending strength and failure characteristics of AS4/3501-6 and AS4/1806 graphite/epoxy angles sections as a function of processing induced defects and porosity. The angle sections were removed from 30-inch long angles fabricated at Lockheed Georgia Company with two quasi-isotropic stacking sequences, (± 45/90₂/ ∓ 45/0₂), and (± 45/90₂ ∓ 45/0₂)₃. Various degrees of porosity were introduced into the angles using four processing techniques: a standard lay-up, a solvent wipe during lay-up, moisture introduction between plies during lay-up, and a low pressure cure cycle. Two 2.5-inch wide angle sections, each with a 1.5-inch short leg and a 3.0-inch long leg, were bonded together along their long leg to form a T-shaped specimen. Bending of the T-specimen was introduced by pressing up on the underside of the flanges while holding the base of the specimen fixed. The experimental results have shown a significant effect of the processing induced defects on the failure load and bending stiffness for AS4/3501-6 specimens, but not for AS4/1806 specimens. An anisotropic analysis of the angle curved section was performed using Lekhnitskii's stress function approach. Stress and strain fields were studied and two failure criteria (Dual maximum stress and Tsai-Wu) were investigated in order to predict T-specimen failure load and failure mode. Reasonable correlation between prediction and experiments was found for the AS4/3501-6 (± 45/90₂/ ∓ 45/0₂)₃ T-specimens, but both failure criteria were found to be too conservative in predicting failure for the AS4/3501-6 (± 45/O₂/ ∓ 45/90₂)₃, T-specimens. The predicted failure modes were in good agreement with the experimental observations for both Iaminates.
Master of Science

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Burns, Stephen W. "Compressive failure of notched angle-ply composite laminates: three-dimensional finite element analysis and experiment." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104298.

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Zamorovskii, Vlad. "Composite materials filled with ferromagnetic microwire inclusions demonstrating microwave response to temperature and tensile stress." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9488.

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Amorphous and polycrystalline microwires cast from ferromagnetic Fe-based or Co-based alloys in glass envelope demonstrate unique magneto-anisotropic and high frequency impedance properties that make them very attractive for sensor applications. Magnetic anisotropies of different types result from the inverse magnetostriction effect (positive or negative) at the interface between the glass shell and the metal core, in the presence of the residual stresses induced during the Taylor-Ulitovski casting method. Therefore, the glass shell is not just isolation, but also is one of most important factors that defines the physical properties of microwires. In particular, magnetic anisotropy allows high frequency impedance to be tuned by external stimuli such as magnetic field, tensile stress, or temperature. In the project, these effects are explored for the creation of low density microwire inclusions that might introduce tuneable microwave properties to polymer composite materials. The project aims to study high frequency impedance effects in ferromagnetic wires in the presence of tensile stress, temperature, and magnetic field. The integration of microwave equipment with mechanical and thermal measurement facilities is a very challenging task. In the project, we develop new experimental techniques allowing comprehensive study of composite materials with electromagnetic functionalities. The wire surface impedance recovered from such measurements can then be used to model the microwave response from wire-filled composites in free space. The obtained results significantly expand the horizon of potential applications of ferromagnetic wires for structural health monitoring.

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Книги з теми "Laminated materials Effect of temperature on Testing"

G, Sumner, Livesey V. B, and Springfields Nuclear Power Development Laboratories., eds. Techniques for high temperature fatigue testing. London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, 1985.

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Miglani, Shyam. Effect of atmosphere during firing on the high temperature mechanical behavior of pre-reacted magnesia-chrome refractories. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1992.

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Lappalainen, Veli-Pekka. Measurement of thermo-optical properties of spacecraft materials. Espoo: Technical Research Centre of Finland, Instrument Laboratory, 1993.

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Bigl, Susan R. Testing of materials from the Minnesota Cold Regions Pavement Research Test Facility. Hanover, NH: US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1996.

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Conference on Characterization and NDE of Heat Damage in Graphite Epoxy Composites (1993 Orlando, Fla.). Conference on Characterization and NDE of Heat Damage in Graphite Epoxy Composites: Proceedings, April 27-28, 1993, Orlando, Florida. Austin, Tex: Nondestructive Testing Information Analysis Center (NTIAC), Texas Research Institute Austin, 1993.

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Bennett, James P. Effect of natural flake graphite and carbon fiber additions on the high-temperature properties of dolomite-carbon refractories. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1989.

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P, Bennett James. Effect of natural flake graphite and carbon fiber additions on the high-temperature properties of dolomite-carbon refractories. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

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Kellas, Sotiris. Scaling effects in angle-ply laminates. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1992.

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Bennett, James P. The effect of different natural flake graphite additions on the high-temperature properties of a dolomite-carbon refractory. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Bigl, Susan R. Material testing and initial pavement design modeling: Minnesota Road Research Project. [Hanover, N.H.]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Laminated materials Effect of temperature on Testing"

Bleck, W., S. Kranz, J. Ohlert, and K. Papamantellos. "Effect of the Testing Temperature on the Mechanical Behavior of Low and High Alloyed Steels Showing the TRIP Effect." In Steels and Materials for Power Plants, 65–70. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606181.ch12.

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"Mechanical Behavior of Materials under Tensile Loads." In Tensile Testing, 13–31. 2nd ed. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060013.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on mechanical behavior under conditions of uniaxial tension during tensile testing. It begins with a discussion of properties determined from the stress-strain curve of a metal, namely, tensile strength, yield strength, measures of ductility, modulus of elasticity, and resilience. This is followed by a section describing the parameters determined from the true stress-true strain curve. The chapter then presents the mathematical expressions for the flow curve. The chapter reviews the effect of strain rate and temperature on the stress-strain curve and describes the instability in tensile deformation and stress distribution at the neck in the tensile specimen. It discusses the processes involved in ductility measurement and notch tensile test in tensile specimens. The parameter that is commonly used to characterize the anisotropy of sheet metal is covered. Finally, the chapter covers the characterization of fractures in tensile test specimens.

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Zhang, L. M., J. F. Li, R. Watanabe, and T. Hirai. "High-Temperature Ductility of TiC as Evaluated by Small Punch Testing and the Effect of Cr3C2 Additive." In Functionally Graded Materials 1996, 445–50. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044482548-3/50073-1.

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"Tensile Testing at Low Temperatures." In Tensile Testing, 239–49. 2nd ed. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.tt2.t51060239.

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Abstract This chapter details low-temperature test procedures and equipment. It discusses the role temperature plays in the properties of typical engineering materials. The effect that lowering the temperature of a solid has on the mechanical properties of a material is summarized for three principal groups of engineering materials: metals, ceramics, and polymers (including fiber-reinforced polymers). The chapter describes the factors that influence the selection of tensile testing procedures for low-temperature evaluation, along with a comparison of tensile and compression tests. It covers the parameters and standards related to low-temperature tensile testing. The chapter discusses the factors involved in controlling test temperature. Finally, the chapter discusses the safety issues concerning the use of cooled methanol, liquid-nitrogen, and liquid helium.

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Patzak, J., and F. Wellner. "Numerical simulation and laboratory testing of unbound base course materials considering the effect of temperature." In Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 125–33. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315100333-17.

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Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, Alejandro Lira-Martínez, Marianggy Gomez-Avila, Jesús M. Jaquez-Muñoz, Miguel Angel Baltazar-Zamora, Laura Landa-Ruiz, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Francisco Estupiñan-López, and Facundo Almeraya-Calderón. "Delamination and Tensile Effect of Fine z-Binder Reinforced on Fiberglass/Polyester Composite for Aerospace Applications." In Next Generation Fiber-Reinforced Composites - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106927.

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Delamination propagation in laminated composite materials is a common issue that always concerns us when we consider composites for structural purpose. Many possible solutions have been studied; the most famous is the three-dimensional (3D) woven composites materials, which have promising interlaminar fracture resistance but at the cost of increasing density, which for aerospace industry is very important. In this chapter, mode 1 double cantilever beam (DCB) interlaminar fracture toughness tests according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5528 standard were performed on composite specimens made of E-Glass Saertex 830 g/m2 Biaxial (+/−45°) with Sypol 8086 CCP polyester resin with orthogonal z-axis oriented yarn woven of 0.22 mm diameter nylon monofilament. Four specimens were made with a longitudinal distance between the warp binders of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 cm, respectively. A tensile test according to the ASTM D3039 standard was performed to study how z-binder may affect tensile resistance. The results show a considerable increase in interlaminar fracture toughness, several stress concentrators have been created because of the new yarn and premature failure in the matrix.

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Wan, Benli, Bin Hu, Yuntao Li, and Yuhong Zhu. "Study on Effect of Electromagnetic Characteristics of Deformed 304 Stainless Steel on Eddy Current Testing." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/saem200003.

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The induced ferrite and other high magnetic microstructures content changes are studied when 304 austenitic stainless steel stripe specimens are tested under different uniaxial tension deformation, namely its deformation less than 50%. Furtherly, the correlation is plotted between the resulting magnetic permeability or coercivity caused by these microstructures and deformation. Meanwhile, the optimal eddy current excitation frequency under different deformation was obtained, which was consistent with 3-D finite element analysis (FEA). Besides, other various factors affecting the quality of eddy current testing (ECT), such as temperature and conductivity, are also considered comprehensively during the tensile test. The results of the experiment and simulation calculation show that when the deformation is within 50% that necking deformation has occurred, the magnetic permeability of specimens increases with deformation, and gradually begin to have the magnetic properties of weak ferromagnetic materials, which also changes the optimal excitation frequency, which varies from 60 kHz to 110 kHz. Because of the electromagnetic response noise increase, the impedance plane diagrams of defects distort simultaneously, which leads to the quantitative evaluation error of defects.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Laminated materials Effect of temperature on Testing"

Henslee, Isaac A., and David A. Miller. "Characterization of a Macrofiber Piezoelectric Composite for Lunar Exploration Actuator." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39194.

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Understanding the nature and locations of water and other resources on Earth’s Moon is an essential component to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) space exploration efforts. To aid in these exploration efforts, an investigation into lightweight and reliable materials for a lunar actuator design has lead to characterizing the lifetime performance of the piezoelectric fiber composite, macro fiber composite (MFC). MFC’s are thin rectangular patches made of polyimide film, epoxy and a single layer of rectangular lead zirconium titanate fibers and are commercially available. As a basis for this consideration, the useful life of the MFC is being characterized to determine the effect of temperature on the performance of the material as it is fatigued by piezoelectric excitation. The patch is laminated to a cantilevered stainless steel beam and actuated at the first resonant frequency of the beam and patch laminate. Strain and beam tip displacement measurements are used as a basis for determining the performance of the MFC whichis cyclically actuated under various operating temperatures. The temperature of the beam and patch laminate is held constant during cyclic actuation, to determine the useful life of the piezoelectric patch over a temperature range from −15°C to 145°C. The experimentation efforts show a strong temperature dependence on operational life for the MFC; however, no significant degradation in operational performance was identified before ultimate failure of the MFC, regardless of temperature or actuation cycle. The results of the experimental testing can be used to design actuators using MFC in environments where operational temperatures differ from standard laboratory temperatures.

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Miller, David A., John F. Mandell, and Daniel D. Samborsky. "Evaluating Performance of Composite Materials for MHK Applications." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62768.

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Montana State University (MSU) has a compilation of material systems, environmental chambers, and mechanical testing equipment to determine composite materials performance and failure characteristics. Mechanical characterization of composite systems will provide direct quantification of the materials under consideration for Marine Hydro Kinetic (MHK) designs that were initially developed for the wind turbine industry. The work presented herein represents the testing protocol development and initial results to support investigations on the effect of sea water absorption on material strength. A testing protocol for environmental effects has been developed for the resin infused in-house fabricated laminates. Unidirectional ([0] and [90]) test samples of 2-mm and 6-mm thickness were be submerged for 1000 hours in synthetic sea water at 40°C with the weight recorded at time intervals over the entire period. After 1000 hours of conditioning, coupons were placed in the synthetic sea water at 20°C until testing. Static compressive and tensile strength properties at temperatures of 5°C, 20°C and 40°C were collected. These initial results show trends of reduced tensile and compressive strength with increasing moisture and temperature in the 0° (longitudinal) direction. In the 90° (transverse) direction, compression strength decreases but tensile strength is little affected as temperature and moisture increase. Elastic modulus (E) is little affected in the longitudinal direction but decreases in the transverse direction.

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Nagar, Arvind. "Fatigue Damage at Open Holes in Laminated Composite Under Thermo Mechanical Loads." In ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/cmda-29080.

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The high temperature composites have been studied for applications to secondary structures due to their light weight and thermal resistance. Relatively few studies have been conducted to consider them for primary structural load bearing capabilities. These studies focused on titanium matrix composites to characterize their material behavior [1], unidirectional [2], simple loading conditions [3, 4] in a laboratory environment or unrealistic structural geometry [5]. The purpose of this work was to study fatigue damage and determine fatigue life in titanium matrix composite panels at unloaded fastener holes subjected to thermo-mechanical fatigue loads with variable amplitudes and temperature ranges. The test panels were machined from a prefabricated structural component with pre-drilled fastener holes. The test material was a 32 ply, quasi-isotropic, approximately .224 inch thick titanium matrix laminated composite with SCS-6 fibers and Ti-15-3 metal matrix. The material was HIP consolidated followed by slow cool to room temperature. The thermal zone area was 2 inches long along specimen length and 1.875 inch wide with a .3125 inch fastener hole at the center of the thermal zone. All specimens were machined using a 3-D water jet cutter. The test system consisted of a closed loop servo-hydraulic 30 Kip test system equipped with an MTS model 458 control system, a 486 PC containing a Keithley Metrabyte DAS 1601 computer card. The specimens were gripped using MTS model 647 side load hydraulic wedge grips equipped with surfalloy grip surface. The thermal loads were provided by an Ameritherm 5 kilowatt induction power supply and a total temperature instrumentation model MC-125 temperature controller. The temperature controller was equipped with analog set point and recorder output of temperatures with both set for 1–5 volt signal levels for 0 to 1832 F. The computer generated the temperature and load profiles and monitored error band for temperature. The computer system was set to null pace the temperature and loads if the temperature exceeded a 18 degree F variation. In effect all processes would hold until the temperature error returned inside the error band. This temperature error control was accomplished by comparing the command signal to the temperature controller to the process temperature signal from the temperature controller. The nominal uniform temperature zone was one inch long centered at the specimen geometric center and maintained required temperatures within 10 degrees. The variations in temperatures along the crack line were controlled to with in 5 degrees. Cooling blocks were attached to the test samples at the end of uniform sections near the fillet blend. These blocks were cooled with water passages and compressed air was passed through holes in the blocks and impinged on the samples to provide additional cooling at the end of the thermal ramp during cool -down. The air was turned on by the computer at about 400 degrees F during each block. On all notched test samples, an extensometer was mounted across the center flaw to obtain load-deflection data (COD). The optical crack lenth measurements were made using a 20 X Gaertner traveling microscope. The load versus crack mouth opening displacement readings were taken to compare with the optical measurements of the crack length. The thermomechanical load spectrum was developed from the distribution and frequency of loading that the airframe will experience based on the design service life and typical design usage. The loads and environmental spectra are used to develop design flight by flight stress environment spectra. The data and failure surfaces were analyzed to study the high stress and low stress failure, environmental degradations, surface cracks in matrix and the effect of notch on crack initiation failure mechanism. During this investigation it was observed that the most difficult task in thermomechanical fatigue testing is to control the cooling rate as required by the thermal profile. The results show that the fatigue life depend on the applied maximum stress, increased temperatures and hold levels of both the loads and the temperatures. The variation in experimental fatigue life is with in the order of magnitude typical of fatigue data considering the complexity of the test and loading conditions. The SEM photographs and micrographs showed that in titanium matrix composite, the mode of cracking is under partial bridging of fibers at the matrix crack. The COD data was of little use for totally automated measurements when comparing with the crack sizes measured.

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Patlolla, V., J. George, Soo-Han Loo, and R. Asmatulu. "Effects of UV Light and Moisture Absorption on the Impact Resistance of Three Different Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39999.

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The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of material properties on the impact response of a laminate, whereby specimens were fabricated and cured under a vacuum and high temperature using three types of pre-impregnated (prepreg), carbon fibers, namely unidirectional fiber, plain weave woven fiber, and non-crimp fiber (NCF). Each carbon fiber panel, usually known for its low-impact properties, of 16 plies underwent impact testing using a low-velocity impactor and visual damage inspection by C-scan in order to measure the damage area and depth, before and after impact testing. These panels were treated with UV exposure and moisture conditioning for 20 days each. Water contact angles were taken into consideration to determine the hydrophobicity and hydrophillicity of the respective prepreg materials. Experimental results and damage analysis showed that UV exposure and moisture conditioning showcased the variation in impact response and behavior, such as load-carrying capacity, absorbed energy, and impact energy of the carbon fiber panels. This study illustrates that non-crimp carbon fiber laminates were far more superior relative to load capacity than woven and unidirectional laminates, with the NCF-AS laminate exhibiting the highest load capacity of 17,244 lb/in (pre-UV) with only 0.89% decrease after UV exposure. This same laminate also had a 1.54% decrease in sustaining impact and 31.4% increase in wettability of the panel. Moreover, the study shows how symmetric and asymmetric stacking sequences affect the impact behavior of non-crimp fiber laminates. These results may be useful for expanding the capacity of carbon fiber, lowering costs, and growing new markets, thus turning carbon fiber into a viable commercial product.

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Islam, Saiful, Pradeep Lall, Jeffrey C. Suhling, and R. Wayne Johnson. "Impact of Environmental Preconditioning and Composition Parameters on Constitutive Behavior of Underfills." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42083.

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The use of underfills in electronic applications is becoming more prevelant with the decrease in package pitch to 0.5 mm and the increase in I/Os. Underfill encapsulation is typically used in flip chip on laminate assemblies to more evenly distribute and minimize the solder joint strains, thus improving thermal cycling fatigue life. The material constitutive and damage behavior of underfills is however poorly understood. Typical underfill material data sheets often do not provide the parameters required for development of accurate predictive models. In this paper a new methodology for preparation of thin uniaxial test samples for mechanical testing of underfills has been used to better understand the non-linear constitutive behavior of underfills. Bulk underfill samples exhibit different behavior because of non-uniform curing and the effect of sample thickness on the response of underfill layers. A microscale tension-torsion testing machine has been used to measure stress-strain, creep, and stress relaxation behavior if several underfills as a function of temperature. Thermal-fatigue reliability response of various permutation of underfill materials have been analyzed using statistical models. The effect of thermal aging, thermal cycling, and moisture preconditioning on the constitutive behavior of materials have been analyzed. Models have been developed to represent the underfill behavior in an operating range of −40 to 125C.

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Maddox, John F., Roy W. Knight, Sushil H. Bhavnani, and John Evans. "Thermal Performance of Laminate-to-Aluminum Attachment Materials." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89097.

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A non-destructive method was used to determine the effects of thermal cycling on the thermal performance of a PCB attached to an aluminum substrate with a thermal adhesive. This method allows for a comparison of the thermal performance of various TIMs in an industrial application. Testing was done on FR4 and Flex boards, both with and without overmolding, attached using PSA and an alternative adhesive. Baseline measurements were taken, then the boards were cycled from −40 to 125°C on a 90-minute cycle with 15-minute dwells at the target temperatures. It was found that both adhesives showed an increase in thermal conductivity, possibly due to curing, and delamination occurred at 17 out of 35 locations with the alternative adhesive within the first 1000 cycles while no delamination occurred with the PSA.

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Egami, Yasuhiro, Kouki Fujii, Toshiki Takagi, Yu Matsuda, Hiroki Yamaguchi, and Tomohide Niimi. "Reduction of Temperature Effect in Pressure-Sensitive Paint Measurements by Model Materials and Coatings." In 28th Aerodynamic Measurement Technology, Ground Testing, and Flight Testing Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2759.

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Tasdemir, Y. "Effect of asphalt film thickness on low temperature cracking and rutting." In Sixth International RILEM Symposium on Performance Testing and Evaluation of Bituminous Materials. RILEM Publications SARL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2912143772.035.

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Lall, Pradeep, Ved Soni, Jinesh Narangaparambil, and Scott Miller. "Effect of Lamination Parameters and Mechanical Folding on SOH Degradation of Li-ion Battery Subjected to Accelerated Life Testing." In ASME 2021 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2021-74088.

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Abstract The growing interest in the flexible field of electronics has provided impetus to incorporation of electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, LEDs, sensors, etc. into flexible circuits. Power sources are another significant component of a majority of electronic circuits which need to be integrated in flexible circuits so as to push the bounds of the wearable technology. One way to do this is by using a laminated film to laminate ultra-thin pouch batteries and then bind them to a flexible substrate. During the lamination process, these batteries are exposed to higher temperatures (above 100 °C), albeit for a short period of time, which can result in damage to the battery’s internals. In this study, a Li-ion pouch cell has been laminated using a hot roller lamination process with different conditions of lamination speed and temperature. The laminated batteries have then been subjected to accelerated life testing in presence and absence of static and dynamic mechanical folding so as to investigate the effect of folding on the laminated batteries. Further, the SOH degradation of the tested batteries is computed and has been incorporated in a regression model so as to study the effect of lamination parameters.

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Rahim, M. Kaysar, Jeffrey C. Suhling, D. Scott Copeland, Richard C. Jaeger, and Pradeep Lall. "Measurement of Stress and Delamination in Flip Chip on Laminate Assemblies." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35319.

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Mechanical stress distributions in packaged silicon die that have resulted during assembly or environmental testing can be accurately characterized using test chips incorporating integral piezoresistive sensors. In this paper, an overview of recent measurements made in flip chip on laminate assemblies with (111) silicon test chips is presented. Transient die stress measurements have been made during underfill cure, and the room temperature die stresses in final cured assemblies have been compared for several different underfill encapsulants. The experimental stress measurements in the flip chip samples were then correlated with finite element predictions for the tested configurations. In addition, stress variations have been monitored in the assembled flip chip die as the test boards were subjected to slow temperature changes from −40 to +150°C. Finally the stress variations occurring during thermal cycling from −40 to +125°C have been characterized. These measurements have been correlated with the delaminations occurring at the die passivation to underfill interface measured using C-mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (C-SAM). Using the measurements and numerical simulations, valuable insight has been gained on the effects of assembly variables and underfill material properties on the reliability of flip chip packages.

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