Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Lak Proverbs"

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Статті в журналах з теми "Lak Proverbs"

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Mnenuka, Angelus. "Ethnic Proverbs as Kiswahili Verbal Art Performance." Utafiti 17, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020068.

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Abstract The ever-growing expansion of Kiswahili as a lingua franca has depreciated the status of other languages in Tanzania and the ethnic verbal arts embedded in them. This includes proverbs. The disappearance of ethnic proverbs is unfortunate because proverbs serve several functions in society, including imparting wisdom and representing a culturally inherited worldview. Efforts to mainstream them into Kiswahili proverbial performances, the practical approach to rescue them from disappearing, have been relatively unsuccessful because translated ethnic proverbs lack proverbiality. Consequently, they cannot be mainstreamed into the Kiswahili proverb repertoire. In this paper, I argue that in order to deal with this problem, existing ethnic proverbs should be collected and translated into Kiswahili and finally fleshed out with aesthetic Kiswahili devices. Kiswahili proverbial features would enable them to gain immediate acceptance among Kiswahili speakers. In so doing, the endangered verbal art will be preserved.
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Lemoha, Ositadinma Nkeiruka, Felicia Ohwovoriole, and Augustine Okechukwu Agugua. "Postproverbials." Matatu 51, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05102008.

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Abstract The wave of globalization and the attendant acculturation has uttered the contextual and conceptual rendition and meaning of traditional Igbo proverbs. In view of the fact that proverbs are wisdom from the elderly that reveals the peoples’ values, ethics, morals and worldviews. Therefore, the modernized versions of Proverbs attest to the fact of lack/loss of the ancient fervour. This paper attributes the loss of ancient morale to youth incursion and the consequent travesty of the proverbial space. It therefore, contends that Igbo postproverbial is a reaction to acculturation engendered by human interaction. Twenty-one pairs of Igbo proverbs made up of, the traditional proverb and its postproverbial version were subjected to critical analysis focusing on the culture dynamics in the construction of the postproverbials. The analysis of data is anchored on Herbert Blumer’s theory of symbolic interactionism. The paper establishes that Igbo postproverbial is a reaction to culture diffusion occasioned by human interaction and the accompanying changes in values, morals and worldviews.
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Pokulevska, A. I., and D. V. Shyshov. "GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN IDIOMS, PROVERBS AND SAYINGS: TRANSLATION ASPECT." INTELLIGENCE. PERSONALITY. CIVILIZATION, no. 1 (28) (July 21, 2024): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4835-2024-28-1-35-42.

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Objective. The objective of the article is to investigate how such language genres as "sententia", "catchphrases", "maxim", "aphorism", "epigram", "slogan", "anti-proverb" differ using examples from German and Ukrainian. Methods. The main scientific results are obtained using a complex of general scientific and special research methods, namely: descriptive (to explain the concepts of phraseology and various phraseological units), linguistic-cultural and comparative methods (to identify and classify proverbs, sayings and idioms according to their semantic characteristics), comparative analysis (when working with proverbs, sayings and idioms in German and Ukrainian languages). Results. Proverbs, sayings, as well as religion and mass media have a great influence on the formation of public opinions and, above all, stereotypes. In the process of translating a literary text with these phraseological units, the problem is to choose a proverb or a saying in another language that would most accurately convey not only the meaning, but also the emotional colouring, stylistic and national-ethnic components. Another problem that arises in the process of translating proverbs and sayings, various idioms is that it is not individual words that should be translated, but the whole meaning. In the work, an attempt is made to give definitions and conceptual explanations of various language genres, which are often confused, such as "sententia", "catchphrases", "maxim", "aphorism", "epigram", "slogan", "anti-proverb" using examples from the German and Ukrainian languages. In some cases, it is possible to find full or partial equivalents, but most often the authors apply descriptive translation with explanations. This is explained primarily by the fact that the difference between idioms, sayings and proverbs is especially noticeable in their structure. Proverbs refer to complete statements and constitute fixed mini-texts. And only thanks to this property they can be cited. In contrast, proverbs and idioms have an open structure. They must be used in context. Like proverbs, they cannot be directly quoted, but must be reproduced. References Aforyzmy [Aphorisms]. Available at: http://aphorism.org.ua/ Busel, V. T. Ed. (2005). Velykyi tlumachnyi slovnyk suchasnoi ukrainskoi movy [A large explanatory dictionary of the modern Ukrainian language]. Kyiv; Irpin, Perun , 1728 p. Vyslovy [Expressions]. Available at: https://vislovi.in.ua/prykazky-ta-prysliv-ya-pro- dushu/ (in Ukranian) Danylenko, L. I. (2011) Antypryslivia: staryi sklad na novyi lad [Anti-proverb: an old phrase in a new way]. Komparatyvni doslidzhennia slovianskykh mov i literatur [Comparative studies of Slavic languages and literatures], no 15, pp. 41–46. Zhuravel, (2015). Istoriia i stan doslidzhennia anhliiskoi ta ukrainskoi frazeolohii [The history and state of the study of English and Ukrainian phraseology]. Humanity, computers and communication (HCC 2015). Lviv, Ukraine, pp. 170–172. Yermolenko, S. Ya. Ed. (2001). Korotkyi tlumachnyi slovnyk linhvistychnykh terminiv [A brief explanatory dictionary of linguistic terms]. Kyib, Lybid Publ., 223 p. Norman, Yu. (2007). Slavianskie paremii: arhaika i novatsii, mudrost’ i alogizm. [Slavic Paremias: Archaism and Innovations, Wisdom and Alogism]. Opera Slavica. Slavistické rozhledy. R. XVII, no. 2, pp.1–12. Pryslivia [Proverb]. Vikipediia. Available at: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%27%D1%8F (in Ukranian) Franko, (1956) Tvory v 20 t. T. 6. Opovidannia [Works in 20 volumes. T. 6. Stories]. 226 p. Academic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Available at: https://de-academic.com/ Deutsche Deutsch lernen. Available at: https://learngerman.dw.com/de/der-elfenbeinturm/a-19056449 Duden (2002). Redewendungen. Wörterbuch der Idiomatik. Band 11, Mannheim; Leipzig; Wien; Zürich, Dudenverlag Publ., 955 S. Slogans.de. Available at: https://www.slogans.de/slogans.php?BSelect%5B%5D=166 Wortwuchs. Epigramm. Available at: https://wortwuchs.net/epigramm/#:~:text=Sohn%20der%20Meeres%2DG%C3%B6ttin%2C%20du,und%20verdeutlich%20das%20grunds%C3%A4tzliche%20Prinzip. Zitate 7. Available at: https://www.zitate7.de/
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Mardalena, Ismirani. "Les étapes de traduire des proverbes français en indonésien." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 3 (2019): 00027. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.43300.

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<p class="Keyword"><span lang="FR">The translation of proverbs is not a simple activity. Translators still face problems. They must transfer the message so that the right translation will be done without change or eliminate the principles of the proverbs being moral and culture.&nbsp; This translation arises not only at the problems of a lack of direction and forms of the Indonesian proverb, but also those of the type of proverbs. From these problems, we analyzed the problems to discover good ways to translate. The data is collected from a well-known French fable, "<i>Les Fables de La Fontaine</i>" from 1668 to the 1678. Fourteen titles of fables have been chosen and sixteen proverbs were founded. Using Nida and Taber’s theory of translation that is developed by Hoed and Mona Baker’s paraphrase strategy, proverbs were translated and analyzed. This research gives us steps to translate French proverbs in Indonesian. There are three relevant elements that translators must take into account. Firstly, is to find key words, two words maximum, whether a word or a phrase. Secondly, be careful to choose Indonesian proverbs as they are sometimes different than those of source language. And thirdly, we must also keep the consistency of the translated text.</span></p>
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Hanafi, Norvia. "REFLEKSI BUDAYA LAMPAU LEKSIKON KEBENDAAN PERIBAHASA BANJAR: KAJIAN ETNOLINGUISTIK." UNDAS: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/und.v16i1.2176.

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Banjar proverb is one of the old literary works that are still familiar in Banjar ethnicity. However, the lack of knowledge about the material lexicon that reflects past culture makes it difficult to understand the purpose or the aim of using material lexicon in Banjar proverbs. The old culture material lexicon is a noun contained in Banjar proverb that can provide an overview of the ethnic culture (customs) of the ancient Banjar or the past. The purposes of this study are (1) to classify the material lexicon that reflects the past culture in Banjar proverb, (2) to describe the material lexicon that reflects the past culture in the Banjar proverb. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The data are in the form of a lexicon of past culture material in Banjar proverb. Data are collected from the literature study. The results of this study indicate: (1) material lexicons that reflect a past culture in Banjar proverb include: (a) the objects used at home, (b) the objects used in rivers, and (b) the objects used for farming. (2) cultural reflection of the past in Banjar proverb is realized in the form of metaphorical material. The use of a metaphor of material in Banjar proverb is a form of Banjar cultural depiction. The material lexicon in Banjar proverb is a small part of the wealth of Banjar language which full of past culture, a culture that has already left by Banjar ethnic.
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Nakagawa, Y., H. Tanabe, M. Ikeda, H. Kazui, K. Ito, N. Inoue, Y. Hatakenaka, T. Sawada, H. Ikeda, and J. Shiraishi. "Completion Phenomenon in Transcortical Sensory Aphasia." Behavioural Neurology 6, no. 3 (1993): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/267103.

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We investigated completion phenomenon for proverbs in cases demonstrating transcortical sensory aphasia due to a variety of diseases. Lack of this completion was exclusively observed in patients with focal atrophy. These patients showed a selective and consistent impairment in word comprehension without phonemic cue effects in naming. The completion phenomenon was present in patients demonstrating transcortical sensory aphasia due to other cerebral diseases. In these patients, comprehension deficits were not selective for words, or words not comprehended were inconsistent and some phonemic cue effects were observed. In a previous study, we reported that completion phenomena for multiplication tables, serial numbers and names of days were frequently noted in patients with focal atrophy. Together with the present findings, these results suggest that lack of proverb completion may be attributed to a selective, systematic and complete loss of the meaning representations for language units such as words and proverbs. In addition, pathological processes of focal atrophy with temporal predominance might selectively affect the semantic memory for language as a unit.
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Rapp, Alexander M., and Barbara Wild. "Nonliteral Language in Alzheimer Dementia: A Review." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 17, no. 2 (January 18, 2011): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710001682.

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AbstractThe use of nonliteral language in clinical assessment, especially testing the patients’ ability to interpret proverbs, has a long tradition in psychiatry. However, its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in dementias is not yet clear. The aim of this review article is to examine the current evidence on nonliteral/figurative language (proverb, metaphor, metonymy, idiom, irony, sarcasm) comprehension in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. A comprehensive literature search identified 25 studies (16 proverb, 3 metaphor, 0 metonymy, 5 idiom, 3 sarcasm) on nonliteral language comprehension in dementia. Studies predominantly indicate a deficit. Most studies investigated Alzheimer's dementia. Applied correctly, nonliteral language is a worthwhile diagnostic tool to evaluate language and abstract thinking in dementias. During assessment, familiarity testing (e.g., by asking “are you familiar with the proverb XY”) is obligatory. Still, future research is needed in several areas: evidence on decline of nonliteral language over the course of the illness is limited. So far, almost no studies delineated proverb comprehension in high risk populations such as patients with mild cognitive impairment. Currently, there is a lack of studies addressing performance in direct comparison to relevant differential diagnosis like older-age depression, delirium, brain lesion, or other psychiatric conditions. (JINS, 2011, 17, 207–218)
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Lai, Huei-ling. "Metaphor in Hakka proverbs." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 19, no. 4 (October 10, 2018): 549–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00020.lai.

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Abstract This paper investigates metaphor in Hakka proverbs by examining a corpus of 933 couplets based on a refined analytic framework from Lakoff & Turner (1989). For the source domain, the being of the state of affairs and the rhetorical relations of the two chunks are identified. For the target domain, the projected theme and the connotative tendency are examined. The results show that source domains significantly correlate with the rhetorical relations and target domains, respectively. Four metaphorical mapping mechanisms based on the generic is specific metaphor are proposed for the operation of the global construal. A mirror image mapping is demonstrated: whole-for-part metonymy in the source domain and part-for-whole metonymy in the target domain. Both the evoked knowledge schemas, encompassing real-life Hakka folk experiences, and the projected themes, including family values, individual characters, and evaluations or standards of life, are found to be culturally constrained. A coalescence of linguistic, cultural, and affective forces is claimed to represent the metaphors in Hakka proverbs. The study contributes to a better understanding of metaphors in proverbs by establishing a solid ground from their linguistic and cultural features, and to expanding the conceptual metaphor theory by building the conceptual universality with specific cultural information.
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Kriswanto, Agus, and Juliana Sianturi. "Pujian yang Membebaskan atau Membelenggu?: Hermeneutik Feminis terhadap Amsal 31:10-31." Immanuel: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46305/im.v4i1.176.

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The appreciation to “a virtuous woman” in Proverb 31:10-31 tend to be interpreted by patriarchal perspectives. Such interpretations view a virtuous woman as someone who should benefit man. This article intends to seek a fresh reading of Proverbs 31:10-31 by a feminist perspective. The method used to produce this reading is a feminist hermeneutics approach, which applies three steps of analysis: hermeneutics of suspicion, hermeneutics of remembrance, and hermeneutics of liberation. The result of this research is that the appreciation to women in Proverbs 31:10-31 should not be used as a means to legitimize male domination by shackling women in an ideal image that only benefits men, but rather as a means of remembering the women’s suffering and fighting power, as well as triggering creative efforts for women's liberation so that they can actualize their own potential. AbstrakPujian terhadap “istri yang cakap” di dalam Amsal 31:10-31 cenderung ditafsirkan dari sudut pandang patriakal. Tafsir yang demikian memandang istri yang cakap sebagai perempuan yang seharusnya menguntungkan laki-laki. Tulisan ini bermaksud memberikan pembacaan terhadap Amsal 31:10-31 dari sudut pandang feminis. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan pembacaan tersebut adalah dengan pendekatan hermeneutik Feminis, yang menerapkan tiga langkah analisis: hermeneutik kecurigaan, hermeneutik ingatan, dan hermeneutik pembebasan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pujian terhadap perempuan dalam Amsal 31:10-31 semestinya tidak dijadikan sebagai sarana untuk melegitimasi dominasi laki-laki dengan membelenggu perempuan pada gambaran ideal yang hanya menguntungkan laki-laki, melainkan untuk dijadikan sebagai sarana mengingat derita dan daya juang perempuan serta memicu upaya kreatif untuk pembebasan perempuan agar dapat mengaktualisasikan potensi dirinya sendiri.
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Lambertini, Vincenzo. "Les proverbes français et italiens dans la communication orale." La phraséologie dans les interactions orales et écrites 45, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 218–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00074.lam.

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Résumé Cet article se propose d’étudier les proverbes italiens et français les plus fréquents dans les discours des séances plénières du Parlement européen (PE) de 2014 à 2022. Après avoir présenté une méthodologie de repérage corpus-driven des proverbes appliquée à deux corpus de référence français et italien (frWaC et itWaC) et aux séances plénières du PE, nous analysons quelques exemples de proverbes énoncés dans les discours des plénières. Nous examinons ainsi leur gestion en interprétation simultanée (IS) de l’italien vers le français et prenons en compte un exemple de multimodalité liée à l’énonciation des proverbes, pour nous interroger sur son traitement en IS.
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Дисертації з теми "Lak Proverbs"

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Navarro, Brotons Mariá Lucía. "Las paremias y sus variantes : análisis sintáctico, semántico y traductológico espagñol / francés." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131030.

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Même si, à cause de son étendue, nous ne pouvons pas réaliser une analyse qui aborde de façon exhaustive les systèmes parémiologiques français et espagnol, avec ce travail nous élaborons une étude systématique du domaine parémiologique, une étude que nous réalisons en comparant une partie des systèmes parémiologiques de l’espagnol et du français. Nous nous proposons une double tâche : d’une part, l’élaboration d’une analyse syntaxique de la classe de parémies dont les structures commencent par a/à ; más/mieux ; no/ne et quien/qui en suivant la méthode de Conenna (1988) qui a décrit la classe de parémies en qui/chi (français/italien) – nous devons souligner qu’il nous a fallu réaliser quelques variations systématiques pour adapter cette méthode théorique à nos classes de parémies- et, d’autre part, la réalisation d’une approche du point de vue sémantique et traductologique. L’objectif général de cette thèse est donc, l’étude d’une classe concrète d’unités phraséologiques (UF) – celle des parémies – moyennant un corpus extrait de dictionnaires généraux et spécifiques, monolingues et bilingues en espagnol et français. Du point de vue syntaxique, à cause de l’étendue du travail, nous avons décidé de cibler deux classes syntaxiques pour leur description a/à et quien/qui. Ce choix est dû à la volonté de réaliser une analyse du corpus la plus détaillée possible. Du point de vue sémantique nous avons aussi délimité le champ de travail et nous avons analysé les près de 200 parémies les plus fréquentes du corpus dans chaque langue, en considérant dans ce cas, les quatre structures initiales : a/à, más/mieux, no/ne et quien/qui.
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Condori, Tito Melida del Carmen, and Quezada Jorge Luis Camacho. "Conocimiento y actitud que tienen las puérperas sobre el acetato de medroxiprogesterona (Depo-provera) y su aceptación como método anticonceptivo. Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal, 2005." Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2005. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2005/condori_tm/html/index-frames.html.

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Objetivo: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación entre el conocimiento - actitud de las puérperas del IEMP con la aceptación del Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona (Depo-Provera) como método anticonceptivo. Material y Métodos: El diseño de investigación fue de tipo descriptivo prospectivo correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 120 puérperas, según criterios de inclusión y exclusión que se encontraban en los servicios de hospitalización del IEMP. La recolección de datos se obtuvo a través del cuestionario para evaluar conocimiento y el Test de actitud. Para la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento, estos fueron sometidos a juicio de expertos, confiabilidad estadística por alfa de cronbach y prueba piloto. Resultados: El tipo de conocimiento sobre Depo-Provera es 19.2% bueno, 68.3% regular y 12.5 malo; el tipo de actitud sobre el uso de Depo-Provera es 21.7% positiva, 20% negativa y 58.3% indiferente. En la relación entre conocimiento y actitud se obtuvo lo siguiente, las puérperas con actitud negativa tenían conocimiento regular62.5%, malo 12.5% y bueno 25%, las puérperas con actitud indiferente tenían conocimiento regular 68.6%, malo 12.9% y bueno18.5%, las puérperas con actitud positiva tenían conocimiento regular 73.1%, malo 11.5% y bueno 16.4%. Asimismo se determinó que existe relación entre la actitud y la aceptación de la Depo-Provera como MAC, para el grupo que aceptó: el 7.8% tuvo actitud negativa, 66.7% actitud indiferente y 25.5% actitud positiva; para el grupo que no aceptó: el 56.7% tuvo actitud negativa, 33.3% actitud indiferente y 10% actitud positiva. Con respecto al conocimiento se halló que no existe relación entre el tipo de conocimiento y la aceptación la Depo-Provera como MAC, para el grupo que aceptó: el 11.1% tuvo un mal conocimiento, 71.1% regular y 17.8% bueno; para el grupo que no aceptó: el 16.7% tuvo mal conocimiento, 60% regular y 23.3% bueno. Conclusiones: No existe relación entre el conocimiento y la aceptación de la Depo-Provera como MAC, porque en el grupo que aceptan presentan un conocimiento malo 11.1%, regular 71.1% y bueno 17.8% y del grupo que no aceptan, presenta un conocimiento malo 16.7%, regular 60% y bueno 23.3%. Existe relación entre la actitud y la aceptación de la Depo-Provera como MAC, porque en el grupo que aceptan 7.8% tuvo actitud negativa, 66.7% actitud indiferente y 25.5% actitud positiva y para el grupo que no aceptó, 56.7% tuvo actitud negativa, 33.3% actitud indiferente y 10% actitud positiva.El tipo de conocimiento que tienen las puérperas sobre la Depo-provera es mínimo o regular en el 68.3%. La actitud que tienen las puérperas con respecto a la aceptación de la Depo-Provera es indiferente en el 58.3%. No existe relación entre el tipo de conocimiento y la actitud de las puérperas sobre la Depo-Provera. Existe insatisfacción con relación al uso de la Depo-Provera en las puérperas, lo cual se refleja en la tasa de abandono identificada en la población de estudio que fue de un 25%.
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Camacho, Quezada Jorge Luis, and Tito Melida del Carmen Condori. "Conocimiento y actitud que tienen las puérperas sobre el acetato de medroxiprogesterona (Depo-provera) y su aceptación como método anticonceptivo. Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal, 2005." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2984.

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Анотація:
Objetivo: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación entre el conocimiento - actitud de las puérperas del IEMP con la aceptación del Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona (Depo-Provera) como método anticonceptivo. Material y Métodos: El diseño de investigación fue de tipo descriptivo prospectivo correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 120 puérperas, según criterios de inclusión y exclusión que se encontraban en los servicios de hospitalización del IEMP. La recolección de datos se obtuvo a través del cuestionario para evaluar conocimiento y el Test de actitud. Para la validez y confiabilidad del instrumento, estos fueron sometidos a juicio de expertos, confiabilidad estadística por alfa de cronbach y prueba piloto. Resultados: El tipo de conocimiento sobre Depo-Provera es 19.2% bueno, 68.3% regular y 12.5 malo; el tipo de actitud sobre el uso de Depo-Provera es 21.7% positiva, 20% negativa y 58.3% indiferente. En la relación entre conocimiento y actitud se obtuvo lo siguiente, las puérperas con actitud negativa tenían conocimiento regular62.5%, malo 12.5% y bueno 25%, las puérperas con actitud indiferente tenían conocimiento regular 68.6%, malo 12.9% y bueno18.5%, las puérperas con actitud positiva tenían conocimiento regular 73.1%, malo 11.5% y bueno 16.4%. Asimismo se determinó que existe relación entre la actitud y la aceptación de la Depo-Provera como MAC, para el grupo que aceptó: el 7.8% tuvo actitud negativa, 66.7% actitud indiferente y 25.5% actitud positiva; para el grupo que no aceptó: el 56.7% tuvo actitud negativa, 33.3% actitud indiferente y 10% actitud positiva. Con respecto al conocimiento se halló que no existe relación entre el tipo de conocimiento y la aceptación la Depo-Provera como MAC, para el grupo que aceptó: el 11.1% tuvo un mal conocimiento, 71.1% regular y 17.8% bueno; para el grupo que no aceptó: el 16.7% tuvo mal conocimiento, 60% regular y 23.3% bueno. Conclusiones: No existe relación entre el conocimiento y la aceptación de la Depo-Provera como MAC, porque en el grupo que aceptan presentan un conocimiento malo 11.1%, regular 71.1% y bueno 17.8% y del grupo que no aceptan, presenta un conocimiento malo 16.7%, regular 60% y bueno 23.3%. Existe relación entre la actitud y la aceptación de la Depo-Provera como MAC, porque en el grupo que aceptan 7.8% tuvo actitud negativa, 66.7% actitud indiferente y 25.5% actitud positiva y para el grupo que no aceptó, 56.7% tuvo actitud negativa, 33.3% actitud indiferente y 10% actitud positiva.El tipo de conocimiento que tienen las puérperas sobre la Depo-provera es mínimo o regular en el 68.3%. La actitud que tienen las puérperas con respecto a la aceptación de la Depo-Provera es indiferente en el 58.3%. No existe relación entre el tipo de conocimiento y la actitud de las puérperas sobre la Depo-Provera. Existe insatisfacción con relación al uso de la Depo-Provera en las puérperas, lo cual se refleja en la tasa de abandono identificada en la población de estudio que fue de un 25%.
Tesis
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Чорнобай, О. Л., та O. L. Chornobai. "Філософія фольклорного права: дисертація". Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2011. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/828.

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Чорнобай О.Л. Філософія фольклорного права: дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.12 – філософія права / Чорнобай Олена Леонідівна. - Львів: Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2011. - 223 с.
У дисертації на основі історико-парадигмального підходу з врахуванням ціннісно-світоглядних орієнтирів філософії права здійснено комплексне філософське осмислення фольклору як соціокультурного феномена, з джерел якого гіпотетично постає, онтологічно утверджується, набуває ознак юридичного явища фольклорне право, що, як і природне та звичаєве право, має усі підстави вважатися складовою частиною вітчизняної правової системи, а отже, певною мірою впливати на її осучаснене реформування та вдосконалення. Як основа фольклорного права – юридичні прислів’я і приказки, що належать до паремійних фондів різних етносів світу, трактуються як форми народної правосвідомості, як продукт народної творчості з його етноспецифікою, як елементи фольклорно-правової культури. У цьому контексті проаналізовано співвідносність моралі і права, як основ фольклорного права, визначено теоретико-прагматичні можливості імплементації фольклорних норм у правову культуру суспільства, акцентовано увагу на гносеологічних аспектах фольклорного правопізнання. Враховуючи філософські особливості принципів фольклорного права, розглянуто зміст функцій фольклорного права як можливих засобів його впливу на суспільні відносини й правову поведінку громадян. Обґрунтовано значення основних ціннісних ознак фольклорного права, що засвідчує його гуманістичну природу й високу онтологічну привабливість для юридичної практикиThe fulfillment of complex philosophical interpretation of folklore as sociocultural phenomenon in the thesis was made on the basis of historical paradigmatic approach. This was done taking into account value world-view of law philosophy reference points. The folklore law hypothetically arises, ontologically consolidates itself and like the natural and common law has all the grounds to be supposed an element of domestic law system. Thus it can influence the modernized reformation and improvement of the domestic law system mentioned above to some extent. Juridical proverbs and sayings being the core of folklore law and belonging to paroimian funds of different world ethnics are treated as forms of national law consciousness, product of national creative work with its ethnic specialty and as elements of juridical folklore culture. The correlation of morality and law was analyzed in this context as the core of folklore law, the theoretical pragmatic possibilities of folklore norms implementation in the society law culture were defined, gnoseological aspects of folklore law cognition were focused on. Taking into account the philosophical peculiarities of folklore law principles, the content of folklore law functions was viewed as possible means of its influence on societal interrelations and legal behavior of citizens. The meaning of the main value features21 of folklore law was substantiated. And thus it testifies its humanistic nature and high ontological attractiveness for juridical practice.
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Pascual, Almenara Afra. "Accesibilidad en entornos web interactivos: superación de las barreras digitales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/314581.

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A diario, millones de personas sin conocimientos técnicos publican contenido en la web en blogs, wikis, redes sociales, etc. A pesar de existir recomendaciones de accesibilidad, como las pautas WCAG y ATAG de la W3C y que estas se han convertido en normativas (la norma ISO/IEC 40500:2012, la norma UNE 139803:2012 en España, o la Sección 508 en Estados Unidos) e incluso leyes de obligado cumplimiento, la accesibilidad de la web es todavía una característica raramente implementada hoy en día. Los usuarios, inconscientemente, siguen publicando contenido que presenta barreras a las personas con discapacidad y que afectan sus derechos civiles. Esta tesis doctoral explora esta problemática y, con la intención de solucionarla, pone el foco en la comunicación de las barreras de accesibilidad a las personas que publican contenido en la web sin conocimientos técnicos. La hipótesis que fundamenta la tesis es que «reduciendo la complejidad de la información relacionada con la accesibilidad, se propiciaría la aplicación de criterios de autoría accesibles, aumentando la calidad general del contenido web». A partir de técnicas relacionadas con el DCU y la Ingeniería Semiótica (IngSem) se hace una propuesta de comunicación de las barreras de accesibilidad, que se demuestra en una prueba de concepto, el sistema Emphatic Editor for Accessibility (EE4A).
Diàriament, milions de persones sense coneixements tècnics publiquen contingut a la web a blogs, wikis, xarxes socials, etc. Tot i que existeixen recomanacions d’accessibilitat, com les pautes WCAG i ATAG de la W3A i que aquestes s’han convertit en normativa (la norma ISO/IEC 40500:2012, la norma UNE 139803:2012 a Espanya, o la Secció 508 als Estats Units) i a més hi ha lleis d’obligat compliment, l’accessibilitat de la web és encara una característica rarament implementada avui en dia. Els usuaris, inconscientment, segueixen publicant continguts que presenten barreres per a les persones amb discapacitat i que afecta als seus drets civils. Aquesta tesi doctoral explora aquest problemàtica i, amb la intenció de solucionar-la, posa el focus en la comunicació de les barreres d’accessibilitat a les persones que publiquen contingut a la web sense coneixement tècnics. La hipòtesis que fonamenta la tesi és que « reduint la complexitat de la informació relacionada amb l’accessibilitat, es propiciaria l’aplicació de criteris d’autoria accessibles, augmentant la qualitat general del contingut web». A partir de tècniques relacionades amb el DCU i l’Enginyeria Semiòtica (IngSem) es fa una proposta de comunicació de les barreres d’accessibilitat, que es demostra en una prova de concepte, el sistema Emphatic Editor for Accessibility (EE4A).
Every day, thousands of users with non-technical knowledge publish web content on blogs, wikis, social networks, etc. Although there are accessibility recommendations, such as WCAG and ATAG W3C guidelines, and that they have become standards (ISO/IEC 40500: 2012, UNE 139803: 2012 in Spain, or Section 508 in United States) and even mandatory laws, web accessibility is still a feature rarely implemented today. Users, unconscious of accessibility requirements, keep on publishing content which presents barriers to people with disabilities, and which impact their civil rights. This PhD explores this issue, aiming at find a solution, and puts the focus on the communication of accessibility barriers to people who publish web content without technical knowledge. The hypothesis underlying the thesis is that «reducing the complexity of the information related with accessibility would help the application of accessible criteria in authoring, and would increase the overall quality of web content». With techniques related with DCU and Semiotics Engineering (IngSem), the PhD thesis makes a proposal of communication of accessibility barriers, demonstrated through a proof of concept, the Emphatic Editor for Accessibility (EE4A).
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Shaull, Erin Marie Szydloski. "Paternal Legacy in Early English Texts." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448913159.

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Brisola, Neander Larsen. "Um modelo baseado em chaves públicas para prover autenticidade de conteúdo, controle de acesso e reputação em redes peer-to-peer / Neander Larsen Brisola ; orientador, Altair Olivo Santim ; co-orientador, Lau Cheuk Lung." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2007. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1407.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2007
Bibliografia: f. 102-109
No uso clássico de redes peer-to-peer (par-a-par / P2P) para compartilhamento de arquivo, principalmente música e filmes, geralmente não há uma preocupação com autenticidade e controle de acesso a conteúdo. Propostas de segurança encontradas atualmente na
In the classic use of P2P network for file sharing, mainly music and movies, there is not the same concern with authenticity and content access control. Security proposals currently found in technical literature attempt to adapt techniques of client-serve
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Gwaravanda, Ephraim Taurai. "A critical analysis of the contribution of selected Shona proverbs to Applied Philosophy." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20980.

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The research focuses on the epistemic tension between Western positivist epistemology and African indigenous knowledge systems particularly Shona proverbs. The research argues that Western epistemological hegemony is both unjustified and unacceptable in the context of the pluriversal understanding of knowledge where systems of knowledge are both multiple and diverse. After a critique of Eurocentric thinking, the research defends an African epistemological paradigm that emerges as an alternative framework for the authentic and legitimate study of African knowledge systems and ways of knowing. The approach opens intellectual space for the philosophical study of Shona proverbs. Under Shona environmental philosophy, it shall be argued that ubuntu respects all aspects of the environment, recognizes the dependence of human beings on the environment, sees the land as sacred and affords responsibility for future generations by encouraging the preservation and conservation of resources. Three Shona proverbs have been used to show how the Shona think about preservation of natural resources, conservation of natural resources and the interdependence between humanity and the natural world. In the context of Shona philosophy of law, it is argued that ubuntu provides the basis of a coherent philosophy of law among the Shona. Shona philosophy of law is a reflection of legal elements and the study draws these elements from selected proverbs. These proverbs have been used to show the metaphysical basis of Shona legal philosophy, the role of the law in protecting the dignity of individuals and the importance of the law in peace building within the community. Concerning political philosophy, the study has argued that ubuntu is the political foundation of solidarity, oneness and mutual support in politics. Shona political philosophy stresses coexistence and relatedness (ukama) within the community. Shona political philosophy maintains that authority should be guided by respect, good governance, solidarity and peace. Under Shona philosophy of economics, themes of human dignity, respect for hard work and the need for moderation in the desire for money are discussed in the context of the Shona philosophical worldview. The proverbs under study contribute to alternative ways of philosophical reflection in the context of the pluriversality of knowledge
Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology
D.Litt et Phil. (Philosophy)
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Moreira, Pedro Miguel Guimarães Pires. "A contribution to the study of fatigue of riveted lap joints." Master's thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/12365.

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica, na Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, sob a orientação dos Professores Paulo M.S.T. de Castro e Artur Portela
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Moreira, Pedro Miguel Guimarães Pires. "A contribution to the study of fatigue of riveted lap joints." Dissertação, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/12365.

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Анотація:
Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica, na Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, sob a orientação dos Professores Paulo M.S.T. de Castro e Artur Portela
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Книги з теми "Lak Proverbs"

1

Kaclayeva, Kurzi. Dağıstan Lak atasözleri ve bulmacaları. Turkey]: publisher not identified]., 1990.

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2

Dagestanskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet. T︠S︡entr izuchenii︠a︡ rodnykh i︠a︡zykov, ред. Slovarʹ lakskikh poslovit︠s︡ i pogovorok. Makhachkala: ALEF, 2021.

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3

Ngafenan, Mohamad. Paribasan, bebasan, lan saloka: Kasusastran Jawi. Solo: Aneka, 1995.

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4

Bangash, Rawshan. Chūng lah kharwārah: Paṣhto muḥāware. Peṣhawar: Yūnīwarsiṭī Pablisharz, 2009.

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5

Mahāwitthayālai Chīang Mai. Sathāban Wičhai Sangkhom., ed. Kambākao lao wai: Phāsit khon mư̄ang. 2nd ed. [Chiang Mai]: Sathāban Wičhai Sangkhom, Mahāwitthayālai Chīang Mai, 1997.

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6

Long'an, Chen, ed. Zhonghua jia ju miao yu bo lan. Beijing: Zhongguo guo ji guang bo chu ban she, 1999.

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7

Chūng lah kharwārah: Paṣhto muḥāware. Peṣhawar: Yūnīwarsiṭī Pablisharz, 2009.

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8

Khyacʻ, Eʺ. Rvhe lakʻ tvai chuṃ Mranʻ mā-ʾAṅgalipʻ ca kā ̋puṃ myā ̋=: Matching of Myanmar - English proverbs. Vebhāgī mruiʹ sacʻ, (Mrokʻ Ukkalāpa), Ranʻ kunʻ: Mui ̋Candā Cā pe, 2005.

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9

Sinʻʺ, ʼOṅʻ Mratʻ. Lakʻ rveʺ caṅʻ Mranʻ mā ca kāʺ puṃ poṅʻʺ khyupʻ: ʼadhippāyʻ. Ranʻ kunʻ: Dhātʻ Cā pe thupʻ ve reʺ, 1991.

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10

Qādirī, Sulṭān ʻAlī, 1975 or 1976- author, ред. Zabānzadʹhā va kināyahʹhā-yi Lakī. Tihrān: Ṭahūrā, 2013.

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Частини книг з теми "Lak Proverbs"

1

Litovkina, Anna T. "“When the Mother-In-Law Comes in at the Door, Love Flies Out of the Window”: The Mother-in-Law as Reflected in Anglo-American Anti-Proverbs." In Women Through Anti-Proverbs, 135–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91198-4_9.

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2

Ugwuanyi, Lawrence Ogbo. "Uncovering Needs in African Thought Through Igbo Proverbs on Lack, Care and Duty." In Towards an African Political Philosophy of Needs, 131–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64496-3_7.

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Rondinelli, Paolo. "Un saggio sulla presenza di Dante nella raccolta paremiografica di Francesco Serdonati. Edizione dei “proverbi” tratti dalla Commedia." In «La sua chiarezza séguita l’ardore», 553–80. Firenze: Società Editrice Fiorentina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/978-88-6032-711-6.36.

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Il contributo affronta il tema della presenza di Dante nella sterminata raccolta paremiografica del poligrafo toscano Francesco Serdonati (XVII secolo), attualmente in corso di stampa presso l’Accademia della Crusca. Dei 26.018 proverbi commentati, che compongono la raccolta, se ne selezionano 88 tratti dalla Commedia, che qui vengono pubblicati per la prima volta con le glosse serdonatiane.
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Suda, Martin. "Vampire Getting Noisy: Will Random Bits Help Conquer Chaos? (System Description)." In Automated Reasoning, 659–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10769-6_38.

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AbstractTreating a saturation-based automatic theorem prover (ATP) as a Las Vegas randomized algorithm is a way to illuminate the chaotic nature of proof search and make it amenable to study by probabilistic tools. On a series of experiments with the ATP Vampire, the paper showcases some implications of this perspective for prover evaluation.
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Bersano, Ottavia. "Sulla ricchezza lessicale delle Lettere di Alessandra Macinghi Strozzi." In «La sua chiarezza séguita l’ardore», 17–54. Firenze: Società Editrice Fiorentina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35948/dilef/978-88-6032-711-6.07.

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Il contributo presenta una rassegna delle più significative retrodatazioni e prime attestazioni ricavate dalla nuova edizione delle Lettere di Alessandra Macinghi e dal relativo Glossario. Lo spoglio lessicografico concerne, nell’ordine, i seguenti tre campi semantici: l’institutio dei figli; il lessico della moda e, più in generale, del settore tessile-sartoriale; la terminologia medica e il vocabolario “della salute”. Nell’ultima sezione, infine, attingendo ancora dalla messe di retrodatazioni e prime attestazioni, si registrano ulteriori lemmi, proverbi e modi di dire di varia natura, che si ritengono particolarmente significativi per la nostra tradizione lessicografica.
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Zaera García, Ana Belén. "Chapter 5. La expositio en Dafnis y Cloe." In The Reality of Women in the Universe of the Ancient Novel, 84–98. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.40.05zae.

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From a legal point of view, we can affirm that the stories of the protagonists of Longo’s novel, Daphnis and Chloe, show the legal situation of the time, adapting the novel to local law. The literary fiction is not an obstacle to recognise that in the juridical field the work shows tints of reality, which proves that this literary genre constitutes a source of knowledge of Greek law.
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Das, Anupam, and Sonia Marin. "On Intuitionistic Diamonds (and Lack Thereof)." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 283–301. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43513-3_16.

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AbstractA variety of intuitionistic versions of modal logic $$ K $$ have been proposed in the literature. An apparent misconception is that all these logics coincide on their $$\Box $$-only (or $$\Diamond $$-free) fragment, suggesting some robustness of ‘$$\Box $$-only intuitionistic modal logic’. However in this work we show that this is not true, by consideration of negative translations from classical modal logic: Fischer Servi’s $$ IK $$ proves strictly more $$\Diamond $$-free theorems than Fitch’s $$ CK $$, and indeed $$i K $$, the minimal $$\Box $$-normal intuitionistic modal logic.On the other hand we show that the smallest extension of $$i K $$ by a normal $$\Diamond $$ is in fact conservative over $$i K $$ (over $$\Diamond $$-free formulas). To this end, we develop a novel proof calculus based on nested sequents for intuitionistic propositional logic due to Fitting. Along the way we establish a number of new metalogical results.
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Walrand, Jean. "PageRank: B." In Probability in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 21–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49995-2_2.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we take a second look at the concepts that we introduced in PageRank-A. The main ideas concern the long-term behavior of Markov chains and, in particular, the significance of the invariant distribution. As explained in the Introduction, part B of each chapter can be omitted in an introductory course.Section 2.1 discusses the sample space of a Markov chain: the outcomes and their probability. Section 2.2 explains the meaning of the weak and strong laws of large numbers. Section 2.3 proves these results for independent and identically distributed random variables. Section 2.4 proves the strong law of large numbers for Markov chains. Section 2.5 concludes the chapter by proving the Big Theorem for Markov chains.
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Giuliani, Massimo. "Le concezioni del lavoro nel Tanakh e nell’Antico Testamento." In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà, 151–58. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.19.

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In the Jewish Bible as well as in the Christian Old Testament books agriculture was the mainstay of the Israelite economy both in villages and cities. Working the land and herding was an anthropological given; nevertheless it was conceived on the one hand as a very positive value, in so far as it was imitation of the Divine work of creation; on the other hand, for its difficulties and risks, it was thought of as a sort of punishment for the transgression of the first human couple. The Books of Moses approach the many fatigues on the fields in a quite pragmatic way, fixing social rules and ethical norms, e.g.: a severe law concerning the payment of the workers’ salary, without any delay. Other books such as Psalms, Proverbs, Qohelet, and Ben Sira are full of more traditional sentences and moralistic admonitions about human working; overall, despite of the pessimistic tune of Qohelet, their attitudes remain positive and appreciative regarding the value of human effort, although through pain, to make a living out the struggle with nature.
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Nummelin, Visa, Alexander Bentkamp, Sophie Tourret, and Petar Vukmirović. "Superposition with First-class Booleans and Inprocessing Clausification." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28, 378–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_22.

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AbstractWe present a complete superposition calculus for first-order logic with an interpreted Boolean type. Our motivation is to lay the foundation for refutationally complete calculi in more expressive logics with Booleans, such as higher-order logic, and to make superposition work efficiently on problems that would be obfuscated when using clausification as preprocessing. Working directly on formulas, our calculus avoids the costly axiomatic encoding of the theory of Booleans into first-order logic and offers various ways to interleave clausification with other derivation steps. We evaluate our calculus using the Zipperposition theorem prover, and observe that, with no tuning of parameters, our approach is on a par with the state-of-the-art approach.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Lak Proverbs"

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Magomedov, Magomed, Suleihat Mallaeva, Zainab Omarova, and Daniyal Magomedov. "Figurative structure of the Avar proverbs." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Man-Power-Law-Governance: Interdisciplinary Approaches (MPLG-IA 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mplg-ia-19.2019.9.

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Dranishnikova, Angela, and Ivan Semenov. "LEGAL ESSENCE OF ANCIENT PROVERBS AND SAYS AND THEIR SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/075-081.

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The national legal system is determined by traditional elements characterizing the culture and customs that exist in the social environment in the form of moral standards and the law. However, the attitude of the population to the letter of the law, as a rule, initially contains negative properties in order to preserve personal freedom, status, position. Therefore, to solve pressing problems of rooting in the minds of society of the elementary foundations of the initial order, and then the rule of law in the public sphere, proverbs and sayings were developed that in essence contained legal educational criteria.
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Kukharev, Alexander, and Alexander Rusu. "LEGAL SKETCH «THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LEGAL EXCUSES AND PROVERBS OF ANCIENT ROME AS A MEANS OF LEGAL PROPAGANDA ABOUT LEGAL KNOWLEDGE AND CULTURE»." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02032-6/136-141.

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This article discusses adaptation of the norms and ideals of Roman law to modern legal culture, the basis of Roman legal relations, which is the basis of modern law-making. It is important to learn how the culture of the law of ancient Rome influenced the formation of modern law of the digital age. The purpose of writing the paper was to highlight the influence of the legal culture of ancient Rome on modern reality.
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Asadullina, G. R., S. I. Iventev, and O. V. Shkuran. "Influence of spiritual and moral processes on legal consciousness, law-making and law enforcement." In III Scientific and Practical Conference "Social Institutes in Legal Dimension: Theory and Practice". Publishing House of Irkutsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/978-5-9624-1905-3.2021.9.

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The article reveals the answer to the question: “Do spiritual and moral processes have an impact on legal consciousness, law-making and law enforcement?” The article proves the importance of spiritual and moral potential in the formation of legal consciousness, the development of lawmaking and implementation in practice in the implementation.
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Забелин, Денис Николаевич. "A SPECIAL LAW AND A SPECIAL NORM OF CIVIL LAW." In Правовая культура как основа становления гражданского общества: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Екатеринбург, Май 2024). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/240524.2024.15.34.002.

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В связи с осуществляемыми в юридической науке попытками признать кодифицированные законодательные акты специальными законами, а также в связи с появлением концепции отраслевого приоритета объективно ограничивается значение правила «lex specialis derogat generali». В статье доказывается, что идеи специального закона и отраслевого приоритета неспособны стать методологической основой разрешения содержательных коллизий в гражданском праве. Поэтому следует больше рассчитывать на правило о преимуществе специальной нормы. In connection with the attempts carried out in legal science to recognize codified legislative acts as special laws, as well as in connection with the emergence of the concept of sectoral priority, the meaning of the "lex specialis derogat generali" rule is objectively limited. The article proves that the idea of a special law and sectoral priority are not capable of becoming a methodological basis for resolving substantive conflicts in civil law. Therefore, you should rely more on the rule about the advantage of a special rule.
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Волова, Лариса, and Larisa Volova. "New in international law in the era of challenges and threats." In St. Petersburg international Legal forum RD forum video — Rostov-na-Donu. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5a3a6fa4f22a18.62843072.

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The article draws attention to the fact that in today's global challenges and threats, a number of scientists and politicians expressed their opinion on the crisis of international law. The author proves that there are no grounds to qualify the state of affairs with international law as its "crisis". The author considers some crisis phenomena with international law, difficulties with interpretation, and especially with the application of some of its principles, norms and institutions. An assessment is made of the new developments that have occurred with international law in connection with global challenges and threats. The necessity and ways of raising the level of training of lawyers in the field of international law are substantiated.
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Kueck, A., A. Goodman, B. Hayes, X. Huang, P. Rosero, F. Valbuena, H. Reckmann, and J. Bomidi. "New Bit Optimization Method Proves Superior Drilling Performance and Reliability Showcased by Lab Data and Record ROP in North-America Land." In IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217937-ms.

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Abstract The oil and gas industry pushes for longer, faster, and more reliable well construction. Predicting and optimizing drill bit performance offers tremendous potential to achieve high rate-of-penetrations. Torsional and lateral vibrations are detrimental to bits and drilling tools. Specifically, High-Frequency Torsional Oscillations (HFTO) can lead to electronic failures, body cracks and twist-offs of drilling tools. A recently upgraded full-scale drilling rig enables the analysis of drilling speed and generated high frequency vibrations under laboratory conditions. This paper presents new methods to optimize bit performance and stability fast, at low costs and low risks for performance and stability in a controlled environment. The results are validated by field operations in North America Land. Four bit designs were used to drill rocks under realistic downhole pressure and WOB and RPMs in the lab. High-frequency sensors at the rig and in the bit capture the rate-of-penetration and the dynamic response at multiple combinations of operative parameters. The data allow a full assessment of the performance, efficiency and lateral and torsional stability of bits using stability-maps, Rate of Penetration (ROP)-maps, MSE maps and Depth-of-Cut (DOC)-WOB curves. The lab tests are supported by 3D full bit simulations. The lab results are compared to field operations in vibration prone rocks in North America. The field runs were drilled in comparable well paths, formations and BHAs enabling a direct comparison. The bottom-hole-assemblies (BHA) were simulated and compared to high-frequency downhole data, surface data and offset-wells. Recommendations for choice and operation of the drill bits are deduced to reduce loads on the BHA while increasing drilling performance. The best bit design showed a 33% higher ROP while increasing the torsional stability. Stability maps revealed stable regions of RPM-WOB combinations free of torsional vibrations. HFTO can be mitigated by increasing the rotational speed above an RPM threshold. The range of HFTO free operative parameters was enlarged by 40% through bit design optimization. The best bit design also showed superior performance in the field achieving instantaneous ROP of more than 1,000 ft/h. Multiple record runs have been achieved with this frame including the most recent of drilling greater than 12,000 ft in a 24-hour period and drilling more than 25,000 feet in a single run. The new bit optimization methods enable to improve bit designs, develop operational recommendations quicker, minimize costs, and deliver more precise and reliable solutions compared to optimizations in field operations. Improvements of the performance and the torsional stability simultaneously are made possible through the upgraded drilling rig. The suppression of HFTO by bit design and cutter configuration combined with expanded stable operating parameters will lead to increased tool reliability, less NPT and higher drilling performance.
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Rocchi, Laura, Andrea Faenza, Viviana Guadagnuolo, Laura Rambelli, Giovanni Marconi, Maria Chiara Fontana, Martina Pazzaglia, et al. "Abstract 3613: Lab-on-a-chip-based in-vitro functional profiling proves to be effective in predicting therapy outcome in AML patients." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3613.

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Fernandes, Plinio C. S., Tânia Basso, and Regina Moraes. "J-Attack - Injetor de Ataques para Avaliação de Segurança de Aplicações Web." In Workshop de Testes e Tolerância a Falhas. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wtf.2011.23088.

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Анотація:
A busca por sistemas seguros é uma necessidade no cenário de software atual. A segurança de sistemas computacionais exige conhecimentos específicos em diversas áreas de conhecimento e inclui o estudo de falhas maliciosas, para que, conhecendo-as, seja possível prover aos sistemas computacionais capacidade de detectá-las e evitá-las sem comprometer a segurança exigida pelos usuários. Este artigo apresenta o projeto e o processo de desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta capaz de injetar ataques em aplicações Web para utilização em avaliações de segurança de aplicações.
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Wang, Xiujun, Zhe Sun, Jian Zhang, Bo Huang, and Jie Cao. "Preparation and Microscopic Mechanism Analysis of a New Micro-Nano System for Enhanced Oil Recovery." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210653-ms.

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Abstract The micro-nano displacement system is a novel flooding system developed in recent years, and has garnered considerable attention of scientists. It can achieve deep fluid diversion and expand the swept volume. Owing to its low cost, we employed the flake nanomaterial laponite. In this study, we modified laponite twice to achieve amphiphilic properties. In addition, we conducted structural characterization and performance testing of the modified particles to study the effect of this amphiphilic property on enhanced oil recovery. Based on the results, we successfully synthesized amphiphilic modified LAS laponite particles using the interface method. Furthermore, LAS has good stability even under high temperature conditions, and it can reduce the interfacial tension from 14.9 mN/m to 9.6 mN/m under low dosage conditions at a concentration of 200 mg/L. Nanoparticles exhibit good performance and transport abilities in porous media. According to the reservoir adaptability evaluation, matching relationships between the particle sizes and core permeability were obtained. The oil displacement mechanism of the particles in the pore throat was explored through microfluidic experiments. In addition, the distribution law of the remaining oil during the displacement process was analyzed, which showed that nanoparticles can expand the swept volume. 3D macro physical simulation experiments showed that nanoparticles can enhance oil recovery. Through interdisciplinary innovative research methods, the preparation and microscopic mechanism of nanosystems have been researched, which proves their progressiveness and superiority. The research results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for significantly enhancing oil recovery.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Lak Proverbs"

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Johnson, Corey, Colton James, Sarah Traughber, and Charles Walker. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Implications in Neostigmine versus Sugammadex. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0005.

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Purpose/Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complaint in the postoperative period, which can delay discharge, result in readmission, and increase cost for patients and facilities. Inducing paralysis is common in anesthesia, as is utilizing the drugs neostigmine and sugammadex as reversal agents for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. Many studies are available that compare these two drugs to determine if neostigmine increases the risk of PONV over sugammadex. Sugammadex has a more favorable pharmacologic profile and may improve patient outcomes by reducing PONV. Methods: This review included screening a total of 39 studies and peer-reviewed articles that looked at patients undergoing general anesthesia who received non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers requiring either neostigmine or sugammadex for reversal, along with their respective PONV rates. 8 articles were included, while 31 articles were removed based on our exclusion criteria. These were published between 2014 and 2020 exclusively. The key words used were “neostigmine”, “sugammadex”, “PONV”, along with combinations “paralytic reversal agents and PONV”. This search was performed on the scholarly database MEDLINE. The data items were PONV rates in neostigmine group, PONV rates in sugammadex group, incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in neostigmine group, and incidence of postoperative analgesic consumption in sugammadex group. Results: Despite numerical differences being noted in the incidence of PONV with sugammadex over reversal with neostigmine, there did not appear to be any statistically significant data in the multiple peer-reviewed trials included in our review, for not one of the 8 studies concluded that there was a higher incidence of PONV in one drug or the other of an y clinical relevance. Although the side-effect profile tended to be better in the sugammadex group than neostigmine in areas other than PONV, there was not sufficient evidence to conclude that one drug was superior to the other in causing a direct reduction of PONV. Implications for Nursing Practice: There were variable but slight differences noted between both drug groups in PONV rates, but it remained that none of the studies determined it was statically significant or clinically conclusive. This review did, however, note other advantages to sugammadex over neostigmine, including its pharmacologic profile of more efficiently reversing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs and its more favorable pharmacokinetics. This lack of statistically significant evidence found within these studies consequentially does not support pharmacologic decision-making of one drug in favor of the other for reducing PONV; therefore, PONV alone is not a sufficient rationale for a provider to justify using one reversal over another at the current time until further research proves otherwise.
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Thor, Peter, Karin Olsson, Håkan Wennhage, Karl Lundström, Mattias Sköld, Andrea Belgrano, Matti Åhlund, et al. Marina miljön i 8+fjordar – nuvarande kunskap om ekosystemet och de mänskliga belastningarna. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.utn1p1g09m.

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8+fjordar-området är topografiskt väldigt varierande. Vattenutbytet är långsamt och tillförseln av näringsämnen stor. Största delen av näringsämnen stannar kvar i fjordarna. Mest i Havstens- och Hakefjordar där 40-50 % av den lokala näringstillförseln stannar kvar. Utsläppen från jordbruk och skogsbruk är stora i 8+fjordar-området. T.ex. står dessa för 62 % av kvävetillförseln och 69 % av fosfortillförseln till Byfjorden. Men utsläpp från punktkällor direkt till havet är också betydande (21 % av kvävetillförseln och 19 % av fosfortillförseln till Byfjorden). Man har genom en mängd olika tilltag de senaste decennierna försökt sänka utsläppen av kväve och fosfor och även om koncentrationerna av kväve och fosfor fortsatt är höga har halterna av främst kväve sjunkit i 8+fjordar-området. De stora utsläppen av näringsämnen ökar växtplanktonproduktionen och när denna sjunker till botten och bryts ner av bakterier orsakar det syrebrist och höga koncentrationer av giftigt svavelväte i de djupare delarna av fjordarna. I de grundare delarna av fjordsystemet finns grunda vikar med ålgräsängar, blåmusselbankar och klippkuster med tångskogar. Dessa biotoper har förändrats under de senaste decennierna med en ökande påväxt av fintrådiga alger. Den pelagiska miljön (de fria vattenmassorna) är främst påverkad av avrinning av sötvatten från älvar och åar och av inflöde av salthaltigt vatten från Skagerrak genom Marstrandsfjorden och norrut i fjordsystemet. Närsaltkoncentrationen är hög i hela vattenpelaren vilket ses speciellt för nitrat. Detta ger förhöjda klorofyllkoncentrationer även om dessa alltså har minskat betydligt under de senaste decennierna. 8+fjordar-området har länge haft höga koncentrationer av giftiga dinoflagellater, men de senaste decennierna har giftalgsblomningarna minskat betydligt. De flesta områden uppnår nu minst god ekologisk status avseende vinterkoncentrationer av totalt kväve med undantag för By-, Havstens-, Askerö- och Älgöfjordar. Status för växtplankton klassas som hög i nästan hela området. År 2006 kom den amerikanska kammaneten Mnemiopsis leidyi till svenska västkusten. Den är en effektiv predator på djurplankton och kan vissa år minska djurplanktonbiomassan avsevärt under hösten. Detta kan ha allvarliga konsekvenser för överlevnad av fisk och fisklarver som livnär sig på djurplankton. De allra flesta fiskarter livnär sig på djurplankton i larvstadiet. Den bentiska miljön innefattar livsmiljön från de djupa mjukbottnarna till tångskogarnas och ålgräsängarnas topp. 8+fjordar-områdets bentiska miljö kännetecknas av klippstränder med hårdbottnar beväxta med bland annat snärjtång, blåstång, sågtång, sockertång och fintrådiga alger, där blåmusslor och andra evertebrater lever och de djupare delarna täcks av fastsittande bentiska evertebrater som till exempel havsanemoner och havsnejlikor. De djupare sedimentbottnarna hyser grävande evertebrater som livnär sig på den biomassa som sjunker ner från pelagialen. Här dominerar havsborstmasken Scalibregma inflatum, slätbukig Sammanfattning trådormstjärna och pepparmussla. Vatten från Skagerrak strömmar in i 8+fjordarområdet söderifrån och de södra bassängerna inklusive Hake- och Askeröfjordar är normalt syresatta under hela året även i sina djupaste delar, medan de djupa delarna av de nordligare Kalvö-, Borgile-, Koljö- och Byfjordar samt även Havstensfjorden ofta präglas av långvarig syrebrist. I dessa områden försvinner bottenfaunan ofta helt eller befinner sig i någon fas av återkolonisering efter vattenutbyten. Den bentiska miljön hade bättre ekologisk status under 1980- och 90-talet än under det tidiga 2000-talet. De flesta åren därefter visar måttlig status i Hake-, Halse- och Havstensfjordar. I de grunda vikarna har mängden fintrådiga alger ökat betydligt sedan slutet på 1990-talet. Dessa alger bildar påväxt på ålgräs och tång och täta mattor av ruttnande alger på botten vilket försvagar ålgräs och tång och orsaker lokal syrebrist i ängarna. Dessa alger har ökat i biomassa delvis på grund av avsaknaden av betande evertebrater (t.ex. märlkräftor) som i sin tur har minskat i antal eftersom mesopredatorer som t.ex. strandkrabba och läppfiskar har ökat när deras predatorer, som t.ex. torsk, har fiskats bort. Utbredningen av ålgräs i 8+fjordar-området har minskat ganska dramatiskt de senaste decennier, speciellt kring Kungälv och Uddevalla där 80–85% av arean har försvunnit. Status för ålgräs och tång är otillfredsställande eller måttlig i nästan hela 8+fjordar-området. Fiskbestånden i 8+fjordar-området har varit överfiskade under lång tid och liksom i Västerhavets övriga kuststområden är förekomsten av större bottenlevande fisk, främst torskfiskar, mycket reducerad i 8+fjordar-området. Det fanns ett betydande fiske av torsk, näbbgädda, rödspotta, sill och skarpsill i området på 1960- talet men 2004–2008 hade de flesta fisken kollapsat med undantag av fisket på sill och skarpsill som fortfarande fiskas även on mängden landad sill har minskat betydligt från 2014 till 2021. Av alla fångster av sill och skarpsill fiskades i genomsnitt 14 % av sillen och 87 % av skarpsillen med lysfiske. SLU:s undersökningar visar dessvärre inte på någon återhämtning av fiskbestånden under de senaste 20 åren, trots att det riktade fisket efter flera av dessa arter stoppats och det införts ett fiskefritt område i Havstensfjorden. Genetiska studier visar dock att det fortfarande finns ett lokalt lekande bestånd av torsk i området och det har observerats bättre rekryteringar 2016 och 2019. Sportfisket efter havsöring är betydande, men störst är fisket efter makrill både med spö och med dörj. Det finns ingen officiell statistik på landningar men i Fiskeriverkets rapport från 1999 angavs att fritidsfiskets sammanlagda fångster översteg yrkesfiskets för lax och havsöring och vissa arter av plattfisk. Det finns en del vattenbruk i 8+fjordar-området. Företaget Scanfjord är störst, med blåmusselodlingar i yttre Stigfjorden, Havstensfjorden och Koljöfjorden. En rad andra aktörer har odlingar främst i norra delen av 8+fjordar-området och företaget Marine Taste odlar sjöpungar nära Stenungsund. Sjöfåglar är viktiga länkar mellan näringsvävar i havet och på land och de kan vara bra indikatorer på förändringar i de marina ekosystemen. Efter mitten av 1990- talet har ejderpopulationen minskat till hälften och arten är numera (2020) rödlistad som ”starkt hotad” (EN) i både Sverige och Europa. Strandskatan har minskat med omkring 40 % i Sverige de senaste 30 åren och är sedan 2020 rödlistad som "nära hotad" (NT). Troliga faktorer för dessa två arters minskning är minskad mängd och/eller kvalitet, inklusive vitaminbrist, på bytesdjur, ökad utbredning av syrefria bottnar, klimatförändringar, predation och sjukdom. Stora förändringar har också ägt rum hos många måsfågelbestånd de senaste 20–30 åren. Fisktärna och silltrut (på västkusten) har klarat sig bra, medan övriga måsfåglar minskat så kraftigt att de blivit rödlistade. Bestånden av grågås, kanadagås och vitkindad gås har ökat kraftigt de senaste 30 åren. Tillgången på höst- och vintergröna grödor har ökat genom ändrat jordbruk och varmare och snöfattigare vintrar vilket har gynnat gässen. Storskarven var tidigare utdöd i Sverige men under 1980- och 1990-talet spred sig skarven längs den svenska kusten och i 8+fjordar-området etablerades de första kolonier i början av 2000-talet. Det finns ingen regelbunden inventering av storskarv i Sverige men år 2021 räknades 1300 bon i 7 kolonier från Nordre Älvs mynning i söder till Havstensfjord i norr, absoluta majoriteten väster om OrustTjörn. I 8+fjordar-området är storskarvens vanligaste byten smörbult och plattfisk, men även andelen torskfisk och sötvattensfisk är betydande. Knubbsäl, gråsäl och tumlare förekommer i 8+fjordar-området. Knubbsäl och tumlare är de överlägset vanligaste marina däggdjuren medan antalet gråsälar är betydligt färre. Efter att jakten förbjöds och sälarna skyddades, samtidigt som mängden miljögifter minskade, började sälpopulationen längs västkusten återhämta sig under 1980-talet. Knubbsälpopulationen har ökat sedan dess även om virussjukdom (Phocine Distemper Virus, PDV) reducerade antalet betydligt år 1988 och 2002. Under 2010-talets senare hälft uppskattades antalet knubbsälar i Västerhavet till över 20 000 djur. I 8+fjordar-området vistas de flesta sälar på utsidan Orust och Tjörn med mycket färre sälar i själva 8+fjordar-området. Prover insamlade 2015-2016 visade att knubbsälens födoval är helt dominerat av plattfisk (viktandel >70 %) följt av sill, rötsimpa och vitling. Miljögifter finns i stora koncentrationer i vissa delar av 8+fjordar-området, främst i Byfjorden där föroreningar från hamnen länge har varit stora och kring Stenungsund där utsläpp från den kemiska industrin dominerar. Men inom 8+fjordar-området finns även ett stort antal mindre båtvarv och marinor som genom åren har bidragit till giftiga utsläpp främst från båtbottenfärg. I Byfjorden har bottensedimenten höga eller mycket höga koncentrationer av olja, polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) och PCB. Där är koncentrationerna av TBT, som tidigare användes i båtbottenfärg, och dess två nerbrytningsprodukter DBT och MBT mycket höga. Flera metaller så som zink, kadmium, koppar och nickel finns också i höga koncentrationer. Kvicksilver- och PBDE-halten i blåmusslor överskrider Vattendirektivets gränsvärde för fisk. Dessa föroreningar finns också i Havstensfjorden och Halsefjorden men i lägre koncentrationer. Kring Stenungsund är bottensedimentens halter av hexaklorbensen (HCB) höga eller mycket höga men det avspeglas dock inte i förhöjda HCB-halter i blåmusslor från samma område. Halterna av DBT och MBT är också höga här, medan halterna av TBT inte är förhöjda. Kopparhalten i sediment från Stenungsundsområdet är förhöjda och på en lokal är de långt över Vattendirektivets gränsvärde. Även koncentrationen av PBDE i blåmussla överstiger vattendirektivets gränsvärde. Blåstång från en lokal vid nordvästra Stenungsön har höga eller mycket höga koncentrationer av kadmium, arsenik och koppar. I syrefria bottnar förekommer ingen omblandning av sedimentet av infauna såsom havsborstmaskar vilket gör att lagrade ämnen inte i så hög utsträckning frigörs till vattnet och miljögifter koncentreras som mest i dessa områden. Nedbrytningshastigheten av organiska miljögifter är också betydligt långsammare i en syrefattig miljö än i en syrerik och det kan ta många decennier att bryta ned gifterna. Om syrefria bottnar innehållande miljögifter åter syresätts och omblandningen sätts igång, är det därför risk för kontaminering av kringliggande vatten. Mikroplast som härstammar från den lokala plastindustrin finns i större mängder i bottensedimenten kring Stenungsund. En studie visade att minst 3 miljoner och i värsta fall 36 miljoner polyetylenpellets större än 2 mm, motsvarande 73–730 kg, släpps ut via Stenunge å årligen. När mindre fraktioner ner till 300 µm inkluderades i mätningarna var det totala partikelantalet hundrafaldigt högre. Dessa partiklar har direkt effekt på djur och växter i fjorden. Elfiskeundersökningar visade att 62 % av öring fångade i Stenunge å hade plastpartiklar i magen. Flera invasiva arter har etablerat sig i 8+fjordar-området de senaste decennierna. Den amerikanska kammaneten Mnemiopsis leidyi finns i stora mängder sensommar och höst under de flesta år. Under år med dessa maneter kan de äta upp största delen av djurplanktonbiomassan vilket skapar problem för fisklarver som livnär sig på detta plankton. Stillahavsostronet eller det japanska jätteostronet har observerats på stränder i hela 8+fjordar-området. Dessa ostron kan tränga undan blåmussla när det bildas stora ostronbankar och de europeiska ostronen kan smittas av nya typer av parasiter. Ostronens skal är också vassa och kan orsaka skador på människor som går på bottnen i grunda områden. Mellan 20 och 40 % av 8+fjordar-områdets kustlinje är bebyggd inom 100 meters avstånd till vattenlinjen. I Kungälv och på Tjörn och Orust har bebyggd kustlinje fördubblats på bara 10 år trots förbud mot uppförande av nya byggnader närmre än 100 meter från strandlinjen enligt strandskyddslagstiftningen. 20–25 % av kusten i dessa kommuner är nu bebyggd. Friluftslivet till sjöss har också ökat kraftigt under senare år. Intervjuundersökningar visar att det under 2004 uppskattningsvis fanns totalt 26 600 båtar på svenska västkusten men att antalet har fyrdubblats fram till 2010. Denna ökning av mänsklig närvaro stör på många olika sätt. Pirar eller bryggor kan störa djurs naturliga migrationsrutter längs kusten, speciellt i topografiskt komplexa områden som 8+fjordar-området och större strukturer som t.ex. brofästen eller bortsprängningar och utgrävningar kan ändra vattengenomströmningen. I 8+fjordar-området kan det ha extra stor effekt eftersom vattenutbytet är naturligt långsamt. Fåglar störs kraftigt av snabbgående båtar. Många fåglar undviker ofta platser med mycket trafik under ruggningen och på rastoch övervintringslokaler kan störningar från båtar leda till att de oftare tar till flykt med energiförluster som följd. Marint skräp är ett särskilt stort problem i Bohuslän där stora mängder makroskräp driver i land på grund av havsströmmarna (Jutska strömmen). Detta är faktiskt ett av Europas mest nedskräpade marina områden. 96 % av det marina skräpet längs stränderna i Bohuslän utgörs av plastartiklar, och det vanligaste är snören och linor som till allra största del kommer från fisket. Effekter av skräp på det marina djurlivet är väldokumenterade, t ex insnärjning av marina djur och intag av skräpföremål av fåglar, fiskar och evertebrater. Förlorade tinor, garn och ryssjor utgör också en betydande del av skräpet. Efter intervjuundersökningar uppskattades antalet förlorade hummertinor till 3900 per år på västkusten bara från fritidsfisket. Förlorade fiskredskap fiskar vidare och studier har visat att så mycket som 163 800 humrar och krabbtaskor fångas per år på västkusten i detta spökfiske. Klimatförändringarna leder till att haven runt Sverige blir allt varmare, att kustnära vatten utsötas när nederbörden ändras och att haven försuras när ökade mängder koldioxid tas upp i havet. Varmare vatten tar upp mer plats så havsnivån stiger med stigande temperatur och detta förvärras när polernas fastlandsisar smälter. I 8+fjordar-området ökar ytvattentemperaturen fyra gångar så snabbt som den globala medeluppvärmningen och enligt SMHI har temperaturen ökat med 3,5 °C sedan 1960. Salthalt och skiktning förändras i kustnära miljöer när nederbörden varierar. I svenska kustnära marina miljöer har saliniteten minskat under perioden från 1992, då mätningarna började, fram till ca 2010, men under de senare åren har den ökat så mycket att den nu är tillbaka på samma nivå som 1990. En tredjedel av den koldioxid som släpps ut absorberas av världens hav där den bildar kolsyra. Under industrialiseringen har det globala medel-pH minskat från cirka 8,11 till 8,06, en minskning som motsvarar en ökning i surhet med 30 %. Det finns ingen marin övervakning av pH i 8+fjordar-området men data från danska fjordar visar en försurning som är dubbel så snabb som globala medelvärdet. Av alla belastningar relaterade till klimatförändringarna är det temperaturökningen som har störst effekt på djur och växter i havet. Först och främst förflyttas utbredningsområden för djur och växter mot norr. Torsken i Skagerrak/Kattegatt föredrar temperaturer som är låga jämfört med de medeltemperaturer de upplever i området i dag och den temperaturökningen vi ser i 8+fjordar-området minskar därför torskens lekmöjlighet i området. Ålgräs påverkas också av ökande temperaturer och studier visar att en 5 °C ökning minskar ålgräsets skottäthet. Havsförsurning påverkar främst bottnens kalcifierande arter som kräftdjur, blötdjur och tagghudingar. Till exempel har det visat sig att sjöborrelarvers utveckling försämras av även mycket små minskningar i pH och bottensamhällen påverkas så att både artrikedom och antal individer minskar under försurning.
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