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Готові списки джерел за темами / Labor supply and employment

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Labor supply and employment"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Labor supply and employment":

1

Hall, Robert E. "Labor Demand, Labor Supply, and Employment Volatility." NBER Macroeconomics Annual 6 (January 1991): 17–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/654155.

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2

Baily, Martin Neil. "[Labor Demand, Labor Supply, and Employment Volatility]: Comment." NBER Macroeconomics Annual 6 (January 1991): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/654156.

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3

Summers, Lawrence H. "[Labor Demand, Labor Supply, and Employment Volatility]: Comment." NBER Macroeconomics Annual 6 (January 1991): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/654157.

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4

Breza, Emily, Supreet Kaur, and Yogita Shamdasani. "Labor Rationing." American Economic Review 111, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 3184–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201385.

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This paper measures excess labor supply in equilibrium. We induce hiring shocks—which employ 24 percent of the labor force in external month-long jobs—in Indian local labor markets. In peak months, wages increase instantaneously and local aggregate employment declines. In lean months, consistent with severe labor rationing, wages and aggregate employment are unchanged, with positive employment spillovers on remaining workers, indicating that over a quarter of labor supply is rationed. At least 24 percent of lean self-employment among casual workers occurs because they cannot find jobs. Consequently, traditional survey approaches mismeasure labor market slack. Rationing has broad implications for labor market analysis. (JEL E24, J22, J23, J31, J64, O15, R23)

5

Arbex, Marcelo, and Dennis O'Dea. "OPTIMAL TAXATION AND SOCIAL NETWORKS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 18, no. 8 (June 21, 2013): 1683–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100513000096.

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We study optimal taxation when jobs are found through a social network. The network determines employment, which workers may influence by engaging in social activities. The network parameters play an important role in determining the economy's employment level and the optimal income tax. The optimal labor income tax depends on both the traditional intensive margin of labor supply and a new extensive margin that depends on the structure of the social network. Social activities that promote social connections are instrumental to acquiring job information; taxation thus discourages both social activities and labor supply, reducing employment. Labor taxes vary positively with labor supply and negatively with employment. When networking is absent, taxes are higher and the economy's employment rate is lower. The optimal capital tax rate is zero, independent of labor market frictions. Social networking reduces job search frictions and is welfare-enhancing.

6

He, Meng. "Construction of Dynamic Balance Model of Supply and Demand in Labor Market under Flexible Employment." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (March 18, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4933239.

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The dynamic balance of supply and demand in the labor market is a key issue at present. The change of employment quality is relatively complex. The current dynamic balance model of supply and demand cannot obtain high-precision evaluation results of employment quality and meet the requirements of practical application. Therefore, a dynamic balance model of labor market supply and demand under flexible employment is constructed. Big data network is used to set data acquisition channels, complete data collection, unify data sample format, formulate data processing flow, and obtain processed data samples. The correlation analysis method in big data analysis technology is used to complete the analysis of college graduation employment. This paper analyzes the relevant research work of employment quality evaluation, establishes the employment quality evaluation index system, collects the index data, normalizes the index data, then uses the grey correlation method to determine the weight value of the employment quality evaluation index, and uses the fuzzy c-means algorithm to establish the dynamic balance model of supply and demand in the labor market. The experimental results show that the designed method can better balance the supply-demand relationship in the labor market and has a good effect.

7

Fehr, Hans, and Daniela Ujhelyiova. "Fertility, Female Labor Supply, and Family Policy‡." German Economic Review 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 138–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2012.00568.x.

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Abstract The present paper develops an overlapping generations general equilibrium model for Germany in order to study the impact of public policy on household labor supply and fertility decisions. Starting from a benchmark equilibrium which reflects the current German family policy regime we introduce various reforms of the tax and child benefit system and quantify the consequences for birth rates and female labor supply. Our simulations indicate three central results: First, higher transfers to families (either direct, in-kind or via family splitting) may increase birth rates significantly, but they may come at the cost of lower female employment. Second, the introduction of individual taxation (instead of joint taxation of couples) would increase female employment but might further reduce current birth rates in Germany. Third, it is possible to increase birth rates and female employment rates simultaneously if the government invests in child care facilities for children of all ages.

8

WANDER, HILDE. "Population, Labor Supply, and Employment in Developing Countries." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 492, no. 1 (July 1987): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716287492001007.

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9

Garthwaite, Craig, Tal Gross, and Matthew J. Notowidigdo. "Public Health Insurance, Labor Supply, and Employment Lock *." Quarterly Journal of Economics 129, no. 2 (March 7, 2014): 653–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qju005.

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Abstract We study the effect of public health insurance on labor supply by exploiting a large public health insurance disenrollment. In 2005, approximately 170,000 Tennessee residents abruptly lost Medicaid coverage. Using both across- and within-state variation in exposure to the disenrollment, we estimate large increases in labor supply, primarily along the extensive margin. The increased employment is concentrated among individuals working at least 20 hours a week and receiving private, employer-provided health insurance. We explore the dynamic effects of the disenrollment and find an immediate increase in job search behavior and a steady rise in both employment and health insurance coverage following the disenrollment. Our results are consistent with a significant degree of “employment lock”—workers who are employed primarily to secure private health insurance coverage.

10

Feng, Zhigang, and Kai Zhao. "Employment-based health insurance and aggregate labor supply." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 154 (October 2018): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.08.009.

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Дисертації з теми "Labor supply and employment":

1

Ma, Ying-lok Enoch. "Evaluation and comparison of self-containment in the employment of Tuen Mun and Shatin new town /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18139103.

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2

Schneider, Gregg A. "Are high school graduates ready for employment? the employers' perspective /." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998schneiderg.pdf.

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3

Skira, Meghan. "Essays on Informal Care, Labor Supply and Wages." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2652.

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Thesis advisor: Andrew Beauchamp
Thesis advisor: Peter Gottschalk
This dissertation examines how caregiving for an elderly parent affects an adult child's labor supply and wages. In the first chapter (co-authored with Courtney H. Van Houtven and Norma B. Coe) we identify the relationship between informal care and labor force participation in the United States, both on the intensive and extensive margins, and examine wage effects. We control for time-invariant individual heterogeneity; rule out or control for endogeneity; examine effects for men and women separately; and analyze heterogeneous effects by task and intensity. We find modest decreases--1.4-2.4 percentage points--in the likelihood of working for caregivers providing personal care. Male and female chore caregivers, meanwhile, are more likely to retire. For female care providers who remain working, we find evidence that they decrease work by 3-10 hours per week and face a 2.3-2.6 percent wage penalty. We find little effect of caregiving on working men's hours or wages except for a wage premium for male intensive caregivers. In the second chapter I formulate and estimate a dynamic discrete choice model of elder parent care and work to analyze how caregiving affects a woman's current and future labor force participation and wages. Intertemporal tradeoffs, such as decreased future earning capacity due to a current reduction in labor market work, are central to the decision to provide care. The existing literature, however, overlooks such long-term considerations. I depart from the previous literature by modeling caregiving and work decisions in an explicitly intertemporal framework. The model incorporates dynamic elements such as the health of the elderly parent, human capital accumulation and job offer availability. I estimate the model on a sample of women from the Health and Retirement Study by efficient method of moments. The estimates indicate that intertemporal tradeoffs matter considerably. In particular, women face low probabilities of returning to work or increasing work hours after a caregiving spell. Using the estimates, I simulate several government sponsored elder care policy experiments: a longer unpaid leave than currently available under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993; a paid work leave; and a caregiver allowance. The leaves encourage more work among intensive care providers since they guarantee a woman can return to her job, while the caregiver allowance discourages work. A comparison of the welfare gains generated by the policies shows that half the value of the paid leave can be achieved with the unpaid leave, and the caregiver allowance generates gains comparable to the unpaid leave
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

4

Mwachofi, Ari K. "A comparative study of rural Virginia farm and non farm household labor supply." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39506.

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This study compares rural Virginia two-adult farm and non-farm household labor supply on two levels: (1) labor market participation and (2) variations in labor supply to the market and to the home. The study develops three models: a selection model, a wage rate model, and a labor supply model. Estimation is performed with data collected from rural Virginia by the Virginia Agricultural Statistical Service in 1989 and by North American Research in 1990. The estimates of the selection equations indicate significant differences in the effects of human capital and unearned income on labor market and wage employment participation of rural Virginia farm and non-farm households.
Ph. D.

5

Griffin, Naomi N. "Labor reallocation, productivity and output volatility in Japan." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2711.

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6

Lin, Ta-Win. "Women's labor force supply and commuting behavior: a time-budget analysis." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/452.

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Female labor and commuting behavior has been inappropriately approached by traditional economic and location theories. While labor economists assume that commuting is a "fixed" element of the cost-of-entrance, they ignore the spatial variation in wage rate or job opportunities. Urban economists, on the other hand, treat the variation in commuting distance as a function of household housing consumption, and a "fixed" amount of labor supply is assumed. Both assumptions are unrealistic, especially in the case of females. The major contention raised in this study is that labor supply and commuting behavior are interrelated decisions. This "simultaneity" relationship should be captured by any model studying either labor or commuting behavior. In the case of female household members, time as a scarce resource must be allocated more efficiently since women are traditionally assigned housework responsibility--be they housewives or working women. A simultaneous-equation model has been specified to simulate the household decision of appropriating its (economic and human) resources among female income-earning activities--i.e., market labor supply and commuting--and housework. Time is adopted as the measurement unit of the three endogenous variables. Demographic and environmental variables are included in order to obtain the most efficient estimation and to link the results of this research to other economic and sociological studies. A two-stage Tobit and OLS estimation procedure is employed, according to the characteristics of the data, to avoid the selection bias problem (Tobin, 1958; Killingsworth, 1983). The results derived give (empirical) support to the theoretical argument that the relationship between commuting and labor supply is not a single-direction one, suggesting that the estimation of the traditional single-equation model may well be subject to serious specification bias. The theoretical and empirical inferences provided by this study contribute to a better understanding of how a household perceives its female members' domestic service and income-earning activity. Also, theoretically, the estimation can be used to give a more precise measure of the local (potential) labor pool and a more precise prediction of the amount of (female) commuters using certain routes. All these contributions have significance with respect to the firm's location decision and production planning, and the planning for the provisions of other public services.

7

Andersson, Lina. "Essays on immigrant self-employment and labour supply." Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1767.

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This licentiate’s thesis consists of two essays on immigrant self-employment and labour supply.

The first essay (co-author Mats Hammarstedt), Intergenerational transmissions in immigrant self-employment: Evidence from three generations, reviews intergenerational transmissions in immigrant self-employment over three generations. More precisely, we study whether self-employment is transferred both from grandfather to grandson and from father to son, as well as if there are any differences between immigrant groups and differences between immigrants and natives. In addition, we investigate the importance of the intergenerational transfer of general and specific human capital for choice of business line. The results show that having a self-employed father and self-employed grandfather have a strong positive effect on self-employment propensities for male third-generation immigrants. On the other hand, natives were found to transfer self-employment from father to son, but not from grandfather to grandson. The results also indicate that immigrants inherit self-employment abilities from their self-employed fathers increasing the self-employment propensity, but not necessarily in the same business line. In contrast, native self-employed fathers transfer human capital to their sons making them more prone to become self-employed in the same business line as the father is in.

The second essay, Female immigrant labour supply: The effect of an in-work benefit, focuses on immigrant labour supply, and evaluates the effect of a recently introduced in-work benefit, the so called job deduction, on the labour supply of single immigrant women. In this study, we address the following questions: What is the effect of the in-work benefit on the labour supply of single immigrant women? Does the effect of the in-work benefit on working hours differ between immigrant groups? The results show that, on average, there is no major effect of the in-work benefit on the labour supply of single immigrant women. However, households with the lowest incomes increase their working hours quite strongly. Furthermore, on average, there appears to be no difference in the effect of the in-work benefit between immigrant groups. In the low-income households, though, immigrants from non-European countries and from Southern and Eastern European countries, increase their labour supply relatively more than immigrants from Nordic countries and Western Europe. Finally, the relatively large increase in working hours for single immigrant women with the lowest incomes appears, above all, to be a result of increased participation in the labour market. However, part of the effect is related to an increase in the number of working hours of already employed women.

8

Bengtsson, Henrik. "Ålder och ekonomisk omvandling Sveriges tillväxthistoria i ett demografiskt perspektiv, 1890-1995 /." Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International (distr.), 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55153978.html.

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9

Garcia, Kelly A. "Planning for the labor shortage a study of Rock County employers /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005garciak.pdf.

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10

Georges-Kot, Simon. "Essays on nonstandard determinants of labor supply." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0100.

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Cette thèse présente quatre articles indépendants portant sur l’analyse de déterminants non standards de l’offre de travail. Les deux premiers chapitres s’appuient sur les spécificités du contexte institutionnel français en matière de vacances scolaires et de jours fériés afin d’étudier la demande des travailleurs pour la synchronisation des temps de loisir. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur les couples et révèle que lorsque certains travailleurs sont contraints de manière exogène à prendre des congés payés à certains moments, leur conjoint a également tendance à travailler moins à ces moments-là, même lorsque cela est coûteux pour lui. Le deuxième chapitre va au-delà du cadre du ménage, et montre que des variations exogènes du temps de travail des salariés vivant avec des enfants à des moments spécifiques de l’année induisent, aux mêmes moments, des variations similaires du temps de travail des salariés vivant sans enfants. Les deux derniers chapitres étudient la relation entre le patrimoine et l'offre de travail. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous examinons l'effet de l'héritage sur le comportement de départ en retraite des salariés. Ce chapitre montre que la réception d'un héritage a des effets très significatifs sur les probabilités de départ à la retraite, et présente des preuves empiriques que l'aversion au risque et les contraintes de liquidité sont des mécanismes importants pour expliquer cet effet. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étudions l'évolution dans le temps de l'effet de la réception d'un héritage et des variations des prix de l'immobilier sur l’installation à son compte. Ce chapitre montre que l'effet de chacune de ces deux sources de variation de patrimoine sur le démarrage d’une activité non salariée a diminué au fil du temps, ce qui suggère un assouplissement des contraintes financières à l’installation à son compte ces dernières années
This thesis presents four independent works examining nonstandard determinants of labor supply. The first two chapters build on the unique features of public holidays and school holidays in France to study workers’ demand for joint leisure time. The first chapter focuses on couples and reveals that when some workers are exogenously constrained to take additional paid leave at certain points in time, their spouse also tends to take more time off at these moments, even when this is costly. The second chapter moves beyond the household to show that similar exogenous increases in the amount of leisure time enjoyed by workers living with children at specific moments induce very significant synchronous increases in the demand for leisure of workers living in other households. The last two chapters study the relationship between private wealth and labor supply. In the third chapter, we examine the effect of inheritance on the retirement behavior of older workers. We find that inheritance receipt has very significant effects on instantaneous retirement probabilities, and we provide empirical evidence that risk aversion and liquidity constraints are important channels for this effect. In the last chapter, we study the evolution over time of the effect of inheritance receipt and real-estate price variations on entry into self-employment. We find that the effect of both of these sources of variation of wealth on men’s entry into self-employment has decreased over time, suggesting a relaxation of financial constraints on entry into self-employment in recent years

Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Labor supply and employment":

1

Kyōkai, Nihon Rōdō, ed. Employment and employment policy. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Institute of Labour, 1988.

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2

Mullen, Nickolas H. Labor and employment issues. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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3

United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ed. The current employment statistics survey: The nation's employment barometer. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1996.

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4

Washington (State). Employment Security Dept. Labor Market and Economic Analysis Branch., ed. [Resident labor force and employment tables]. Olympia, Wash: State of Washington, Employment Security Dept., Labor Market and Economic Analysis Branch, 1986.

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5

Moffitt, Robert. Welfare programs and labor supply. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.

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6

European Commission. Directorate-General for Employment, Industrial Relations, and Social Affairs., ed. Employment in Europe: Meeting the employment challenge : 1996. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1997.

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7

Kamimura, Gary. Temporary help supply employment in Washington. Olympia, WA: Washington State Employment Security, Labor Market and Economic Analysis Branch (Mail Stop 6000 P.O. Box 9046 Olympia, WA 98507-9046), 1997.

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8

Anderson, Kathryn H. Labour policies and employment. [Dhaka?]: HIID/ESEPP Project, Planning Commission, Govt. of Bangladesh, 1990.

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9

Asian Regional Team for Employment Promotion. and N.I.U.A. (Organization : India), eds. Employment issues and urban policy. New Delhi: National Institute of Urban Affairs, 1991.

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10

Organisation, International Labour. World employment.: An ILO report. Geneva: International Labour Organisation, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Labor supply and employment":

1

Guest, Philip. "Household Labor Supply and Access to Employment." In Labor Allocation and Rural Development, 105–36. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429043079-5.

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2

Wise, Lois Recascino. "Changing Trends in Labor Supply and Demand." In Labor Market Policies and Employment Patterns in the United States, 23–50. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429043277-3.

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3

Porket, J. L. "Labour Supply and Demand." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 165–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_9.

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4

Mujeri, Mustafa K., and Neaz Mujeri. "Population Growth, Labour Supply and Employment." In Bangladesh's Quest for Inclusive Development, 91–145. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003304296-4.

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5

Davidson, Louise. "The Marginal Product Curve Is Not the Demand Curve for Labour and Lucas’s Labour Supply Function Is Not the Supply Curve for Labour in the Real World." In Money and Employment, 555–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11513-6_43.

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6

van Soest, Arthur. "Labour Supply and Employment of Older Workers." In Ageing, Health and Pensions in Europe, 321–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307346_11.

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7

Ma, Xinxin. "The Determinants of Labor Supply of Informal Sector: Two Hypotheses on Self-Employment." In Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China, 139–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1987-7_6.

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8

Kregel, J. A. "The Theory of Demand and Supply of Labour — The Post-Keynesian View." In Barriers to Full Employment, 27–47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19233-5_3.

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9

Baum-Talmor, Polina. "Careers at Sea: Exploring Seafarer Motivations and Aspirations." In The World of the Seafarer, 51–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49825-2_5.

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AbstractNowadays, in the era of flexible and precarious employment, the concept of a ‘career for life’ in one organisation appears to be redundant, as most employees in the global labour market do not have permanent employment (ILO, World employment and social outlook: the changing nature of jobs. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2015). This chapter focuses on the shipping industry as an example of a global industry that employs over a million seafarers (BIMCO, Manpower 2005 update: the worldwide demand for and supply of seafarers. Warwick: Warwick Institute for Employment Research, 2015) as their main labour force in what could termed flexible employment. The chapter explores the idea of having a ‘career’ within the precarious shipping industry by focusing on the reasons for joining, staying, and leaving a seafaring occupation. The chapter is based on existing literature, and on recent data that was collected as part of a study on seafarers’ career development.

10

Kartikasari, Cynthia Yohanna, and Suyanto Suyanto. "Potential Spillover from Foreign Companies." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 282–86. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_37.

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AbstractThe textile industry in Indonesia is fascinating to study due to its essential role in the Indonesian economy and as a strategic sector for employment. While imported items continue to dominate raw material supply in this sector, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows will bring about externality effects on a firm’s efficiency. This current study examines the spillover effect of Foreign Direct Investment on firms’ technical efficiency in Indonesia’s convection industry (ISIC 14111). The study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to calculate technical efficiency scores for each firm in the convection sector from 2010 to 2013. Changes in productivity levels are projected to occur due to technical efficiency changes. The findings indicate that Foreign Direct Investment can positively affect changes in technical efficiency through capital-labor ratio, foreign ownership, and imported material.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Labor supply and employment":

1

Galaktionova, I. A., and O. N. Yarkova. "Simulation modeling of employment process of information technology specialists." In III All-Russian (national) scientific conference with international participation “Russian science, innovation, education”. Krasoyarsk Science & Technology City Hall, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/rosnio-iii.2024.2006.

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The labor market is one of the main indicators of the level of development and current state of the economy of any country, the effectiveness of the implemented government policy, and is also one of the indicators of the standard of living of the population. In this context, a study of the work of the regional labor exchange allows us to obtain up-to-date information about the state of the market and make forecasts about its development. The object of the study is the labor exchange of St. Petersburg and the work of the exchange for the employment of specialists in the field of information technology. The paper provides a description of a labor exchange simulation model created using the AnyLogic simulation environment. To check the adequacy of the model, a comparison of statistical data on those registered on the stock exchange for 2020-2021 was carried out. with model data. An interpretation of the simulation results is given. The labor exchange simulation model proposed in the work can be used by regional employment services, educational institutions, as well as government bodies at various levels to assess current and future changes in the demand and supply of labor in the regional labor market.

2

A.Jassim, Abdul Rasul. "The ideal employment of labor force ... Between technological progress and professional Qualifications." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicearnc/23.

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"Among the requirements of a chieving economic development in Iraq is consolidation efforts for the ideal employment of labor force and stopping unemployment. This is accomplished after fully identifying supply and demand on labor forcent , taking in to consideration the recent progresses in the technology . The ultimate aim is to arrive at better redistribution of labor force in accordance with planning relationship between the expansion of employees and the development of other production factors . Hence this research deals with the demographic actuality together with orientation of employment, Professional qualification and training systems. "

3

A.Jassim, Abdul Rasul. "The ideal employment of labor force ... Between technological progress and professional Qualifications." In 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/23.

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"Among the requirements of a chieving economic development in Iraq is consolidation efforts for the ideal employment of labor force and stopping unemployment. This is accomplished after fully identifying supply and demand on labor forcent , taking in to consideration the recent progresses in the technology . The ultimate aim is to arrive at better redistribution of labor force in accordance with planning relationship between the expansion of employees and the development of other production factors . Hence this research deals with the demographic actuality together with orientation of employment, Professional qualification and training systems. "

4

LIU, JIE, and CHANG-CHEN GAO. "ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT PROVIDING PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE UNDER THE NEW EMPLOYMENT PATTERN." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35727.

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Employment is the largest livelihood of more than 1.3 billion people and the most basic support for economic development. The Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the State Council insist on giving priority to employment in economic and social development, encourage the creation of a favorable environment for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and maintain overall stability in China's employment situation, coupled with the new employment model of de-employerization and platformization along with the technological progress of the Internet and the upgrading of mass consumption. However, we should also see that there are still many difficulties and problems in the current economic and social development, the new employment form breaks the old industry and legal order under the interest relationship and management norms, the traditional employment groups, management means, labor law system, employment service management, social security policies and so on to form an impact. In order to alleviate the current situation, our country should actively explore the innovative mechanism of the government to provide public services to promote employment, and the author also puts forward some suggestions from the following aspects through his own research: first, to establish the diversified public employment service supply mechanism which is government-led, market and social supplement; from the above aspects, the quality and efficiency of the supply of public employment services under the new industry are improved from the above aspects.

5

Ghiță, Simona Ioana, Cristina-Rodica Boboc, Andreea Simona Săseanu, and Valentina Vasile. "How Does the Supply of Tertiary Graduates Correlate with the Labour Market? Evidence from European Countries." In 9th BASIQ International Conference on New Trends in Sustainable Business and Consumption. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/basiq/2023/09/062.

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It is well-known that the education level has significant impact on employment prospects on the labor market. Despite a slight decrease in the number of tertiary graduates in 2018-2019, the year 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic began, was marked by an increase in the indicator-level. In the long term, the supply of tertiary graduates registered an upward trend. The paper performs - in a note of originality - a cluster analysis of the European countries by the correlation between the evolution of the graduates with higher education and that of the employment rate of the highly qualified, in order to identify the main behavioral patterns. As a novelty element, the paper tests the hypothesis of the existence of statistically significant changes from the perspective of the share of tertiary graduates and that of the employment rate of highly educated, during the current pandemic crisis compared to the previous global financial crisis. The results indicated an important improvement only of the second indicator, which shows the need to develop policies to stimulate the youth to raise their education level, and thus improve the situation on the labor market, even in crisis times.

6

Gelashvili, Simon, and Mariam Danelia. "Statistical trends of vocational education and graduate employment in modern Georgia." In V National Scientific Conference. Grigol Robakidze University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55896/978-9941-8-5764-5/2023-255-267.

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The presented work discusses the state of vocational education and identifies existing problems in Georgia. The main goal of the research is the statistical analysis and assessment of the current situation in the professional education system and its relationship with the labor market. The object of the research is professional educational institutions operating in Georgia. The subject of the research is the statistics of the activity of professional educational institutions and the trends of integration of graduates in the labor market. Many statistical methods are used in the research process, such as: selective observation, data grouping and presentation, relative, average and variation, correlation analysis methods. Through a specially developed questionnaire, in electronic form, the representatives of educational institutions were interviewed and the information needed for in-depth analysis was obtained. As a result of the research, trends in the number and gender-age structure of students enrolled in professional educational institutions, valid professional programs, employment of graduates, composition of teachers and gender-age structure were revealed. Also, the forms and problems of connection between the business sector and professional educational institutions were determined. It should be noted that both sides are willing to cooperate, but there are still some challenges in this direction, the consideration of which will have a positive effect on reducing the demand-supply imbalance of graduates of professional educational institutions in the labor market. Also, the number of professional programs that train specialists is still small and it is necessary to expand them taking into account the needs of the labor market. Keywords: professional education, number of students, trend, business sector, employment of graduates.

7

Giritli, Nuru, and Sevin Uğural. "Impact of Decrease in Supply of Land for Domestic use in North Cyprus: Computerized General Equilibrium (CGE) Model Approach." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00569.

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Cyprus Island has been divided into two parts since 1974. In April 2003 crossing the Green Line across the borders became possible and both parts of the Island benefited from this; firstly due to resulted domestic tourism in both sides and secondly from new employment opportunities mainly for Turkish Cypriots in South. Besides that, positive expectations over the Cyprus problem accelerated the expenditures in both sides. In the North, demand for land and new dwellings increased, pushing prices upward. Demand for land and a new property by foreigners is busted in recent years. The UK, Israel, Russia and some other countries started to buy land in the North Cyprus by securing resources to their businessmen especially in the areas of Komi Kepir, Kalogrea, Akanthou, Karpass, Risokarpaso, Yialousa and Livera. Such increase in demand by foreigners decreased the supply of land to domestic use. This has many implications on North Cyprus economy which is very small with limited resources in production. In this study, 4- factor, 13-industry a single country general equilibrium model is used to investigate the changes in income, employment, prices, output and inputs required for production resulted from this supply shock. Results show that, under fixed capital and flexible labor market, 10% reduction in land supply increased the value of land by 108.8%, income increased by 2.04 % and prices of skilled labor and capital increased by 1.028% and 1.020% respectively and due to the reduction of land supply, output decreased by 1.53%.

8

Agarwal, Ramesh, Ping Wang, and Lee Chusak. "Integrative Analysis of Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity Generation in U.S.: Demand and Supply Factors, Environmental Risks and Policy Evaluation." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90365.

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An equilibrium economic model for policy evaluation related to electricity generation has been developed; the model takes into account the non-renewable and renewable energy sources, demand and supply factors and environmental constraints. The non-renewable energy sources include three types of fossil fuels: coal, natural gas and petroleum, and renewable energy sources include nuclear, hydraulic, wind, solar photovoltaic, biomass wood, biomass waste and geothermal. Energy demand sectors include households, industrial manufacturing and commercial enterprises (non-manufacturing businesses such as software firms, banks, restaurants, service organizations, universities, etc.). Energy supply takes into account the electricity delivered to the consumer by the utility companies at a certain price which maybe different for retail and wholesale customers. Environmental risks primarily take into account the CO2 generation from fossil fuels. The model takes into account the employment in various sectors and labor supply and demand. Detailed electricity supply and demand data, electricity cost data, employment data in various sectors and CO2 generation data are collected for a period of seventeen years from 1990 to 2006 in U.S. The model is calibrated for the aggregate data. The calibrated model is then employed for policy analysis experiments if a switch is made in sources of electricity generation, namely from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. As an example, we consider a switch of 10% of electricity generation from coal to 5% from wind, 3% from solar photovoltaic, 1% from biomass wood and 1% from biomass waste. It should be noted that the cost of electricity generation from different sources is different and is taken into account. The consequences of this switch on supply and demand, employment, wages, and emissions are obtained from the economic model under three scenarios: (1) energy prices are fully regulated, (2) energy prices are fully adjusted with electricity supply fixed, and (3) energy prices and electricity supply both are fully adjusted.

9

Oleš, Tomáš. "The Impact of Monetary Policy Instruments on the Euro Area Labor Market in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic – Time-Varying Parameter VAR Model Approach." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.359-368.

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The paper examines simplified backward and forward transmission mechanism of monetary policy instrument to perturbation in un-employment rate. We apply three variables time-varying VAR model, with stochastic volatility, to determine the dynamic relationship among unemployment rate, interest rate and supply of money in the context of Euro Area. We concluded that, there is a possible stabilization potential through the increase in the money supply has dramatically risen before (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic; the reaction function of ECB to negative unemployment shock has been tied-up by the zero low bound and space for intense interest rate decrease has been empirically reduced in the pandemic times.

10

Chiner, Esther, Marcos Gómez-Puerta, and María-Cristina Cardona-Moltó. "SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT AS A STRATEGY FOR ACCESS TO INCLUSIVE EMPLOYMENT FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: A REVIEW." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact067.

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"Unlike other training models, supported employment promotes training and adjustment to the job in the workplace itself. Supported employment is considered one of the most appropriate strategies to promote labour inclusion in ordinary companies, especially in the case of people with intellectual disabilities. Likewise, it favours the supply of supports of varying degrees of intensity in a longitudinal manner, as well as the establishment of natural supports among other co-workers. The objective of this study was to examine the scientific production on supported employment of people with disabilities through a bibliometric analysis. The sample of 717 documents on this subject was obtained from the core collection of the Web of Science (WoS). Data analysis was performed using the bibliometric tools available at the WoS website. The results indicate a great interest on this subject in the last decades, being reflected in a great scientific production. However, this seems to have partially slowed down since the economic crisis of 2008. This being a preliminary study, it is advisable to continue with the bibliometric analysis of the data in order to achieve a better perspective of what has been published so far."

Звіти організацій з теми "Labor supply and employment":

1

Abowd, John, and David Card. Intertemporal Labor Supply and Long Term Employment Contracts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1831.

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2

Garthwaite, Craig, Tal Gross, and Matthew Notowidigdo. Public Health Insurance, Labor Supply, and Employment Lock. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19220.

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3

Bloom, David, and Richard Freeman. Population Growth, Labor Supply, and Employment in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1837.

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4

Kawar, Mary. Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2000.1001.

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This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed adulthood. It looks at a specific “time” in the social and economic lives of households and individuals. Within this context, the paper constructs a profile of employment characteristics of adult household members to explore the intersecting influences of age and gender and the specific positions of young women. It then addresses how normative gender and generation hierarchies within households respond to these phenomena of young women’s work, their prolonged single status, and their expanding horizons.

5

Székely, Miguel, and Suzanne Duryea. Labor Markets in Latin America: A Supply-Side Story. Inter-American Development Bank, March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010757.

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This paper shows that the factors affecting labor supply have been key determinants of the changes in employment, unemployment, and income differentials in Latin America in the 1990s. The two main forces driving labor supply in the region have been demographics and education.

6

Borjas, George, Jeffrey Grogger, and Gordon Hanson. Immigration and African-American Employment Opportunities: The Response of Wages, Employment, and Incarceration to Labor Supply Shocks. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12518.

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7

Kawar, Mary. Gender and generation in household labor supply in Jordan [Arabic]. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2000.1002.

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This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed adulthood. It looks at a specific “time” in the social and economic lives of households and individuals. Within this context, the paper constructs a profile of employment characteristics of adult household members to explore the intersecting influences of age and gender and the specific positions of young women. It then addresses how normative gender and generation hierarchies within households respond to these phenomena of young women’s work, their prolonged single status, and their expanding horizons.

8

Mamingi, Nlandu, Andrew S. Downes, and Rose-Marie Belle Antoine. Labor Market Regulation and Employment in the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011239.

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One of the major economic challenges facing the Caribbean is the generation of employment opportunities to reduce the high levels of unemployment experienced primarily among the young and female segments of the workforce. An analysis of unemployment requires an examination of both the supply and demand sides of the labor market. This research project focuses on the demand side of the labor market by examining the impact which labor market regulations have had on employment creation in the English-speaking Caribbean countries of Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. The main objectives of this research project are to i) document the range of labor market regulations existing in the three English-speaking members of the IADB; ii) identify the costs implications of such regulations; iii) empirically determine the impact which such measures have on employment determination, using econometric methods.

9

Schanzenbach, Diane Whitmore, and Michael Strain. Employment and Labor Supply Responses to the Child Tax Credit Expansion: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32552.

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10

Berlinski, Samuel, María Marta Ferreyra, Luca Flabbi, and Juan David Martin. Child Care Markets, Parental Labor Supply, and Child Development. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002872.

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We develop and estimate a model of child care markets that endogenizes both demand and supply. On the demand side, families with a child make consumption, labor supply, and child-care decisions within a static, unitary household model. On the supply side, child care providers make entry, price, and quality decisions under monopolistic competition. Child development is a function of the time spent with each parent and at the child care center; these inputs vary in their impact. We estimate the structural parameters of the model using the 2003 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, which contains information on parental employment and wages, child care choices, child development, and center quality. We use our estimates to evaluate the impact of several policies, including vouchers, cash transfers, quality regulations, and public provision. Among these, a combination of quality regulation and vouchers for working families leads to the greatest gains in average child development and to a large expansion in child care use and female labor supply, all at a relatively low fiscal cost.