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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Koalas"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 26 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Koalas"

Schmid, LM, KL Schmid, and B. Brown. "Behavioural determination of visual function in the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Wildlife Research 18, no. 3 (1991): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910367.

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A behavioural estimate of the koala's dependence on vision was made using fabric hoods to degrade the vision of ten male koalas. Koalas were placed on the ground in a square enclosure, with a centrally placed 'tree'. With unobstructed vision, the koalas quickly travelled across the ground to the tree and climbed it. However, with severely reduced vision, the koalas would not search for or climb the tree. When their vision was obscured, the koalas tended to raise their forelegs when walking, taking high, reaching steps. The koala appears to require a certain minimum level of vision before climbing trees. Ocular chlamydial infection, which can cause a significant visual loss, may result in similar changes in behaviour and thus contribute to mortality.

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Dahlhausen, Katherine E., Ladan Doroud, Alana J. Firl, Adam Polkinghorne, and Jonathan A. Eisen. "Characterization of shifts of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) intestinal microbial communities associated with antibiotic treatment." PeerJ 6 (March 12, 2018): e4452. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4452.

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Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are arboreal marsupials native to Australia that eat a specialized diet of almost exclusively eucalyptus leaves. Microbes in koala intestines are known to break down otherwise toxic compounds, such as tannins, in eucalyptus leaves. Infections by Chlamydia, obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, are highly prevalent in koala populations. If animals with Chlamydia infections are received by wildlife hospitals, a range of antibiotics can be used to treat them. However, previous studies suggested that koalas can suffer adverse side effects during antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to use 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from koala feces to characterize the intestinal microbiome of koalas throughout antibiotic treatment and identify specific taxa associated with koala health after treatment. Although differences in the alpha diversity were observed in the intestinal flora between treated and untreated koalas and between koalas treated with different antibiotics, these differences were not statistically significant. The alpha diversity of microbial communities from koalas that lived through antibiotic treatment versus those who did not was significantly greater, however. Beta diversity analysis largely confirmed the latter observation, revealing that the overall communities were different between koalas on antibiotics that died versus those that survived or never received antibiotics. Using both machine learning and OTU (operational taxonomic unit) co-occurrence network analyses, we found that OTUs that are very closely related to Lonepinella koalarum, a known tannin degrader found by culture-based methods to be present in koala intestines, was correlated with a koala’s health status. This is the first study to characterize the time course of effects of antibiotics on koala intestinal microbiomes. Our results suggest it may be useful to pursue alternative treatments for Chlamydia infections without the use of antibiotics or the development of Chlamydia-specific antimicrobial compounds that do not broadly affect microbial communities.

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Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Md Abul Hashem, and Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara. "Toll-Like Receptor Expression Profiles in Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Multiple KoRV Subtypes." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040983.

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs), evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Koala retrovirus (KoRV), a major koala pathogen, exists in both endogenous (KoRV-A) and exogenous forms (KoRV-B to J). However, the expression profile of TLRs in koalas infected with KoRV-A and other subtypes is yet to characterize. Here, we investigated TLR expression profiles in koalas with a range of subtype infection profiles (KoRV-A only vs. KoRV-A with KoRV-B and/or -C). To this end, we cloned partial sequences for TLRs (TLR2–10 and TLR13), developed real-time PCR assays, and determined TLRs mRNA expression patterns in koala PBMCs and/or tissues. All the reported TLRs for koala were expressed in PBMCs, and variations in TLR expression were observed in koalas infected with exogenous subtypes (KoRV-B and KoRV-C) compared to the endogenous subtype (KoRV-A) only, which indicates the implications of TLRs in KoRV infection. TLRs were also found to be differentially expressed in koala tissues. This is the first report of TLR expression profiles in koala, which provides insights into koala’s immune response to KoRV infection that could be utilized for the future exploitation of TLR modulators in the maintenance of koala health.

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Ellis, Murray V., Susan G. Rhind, Martin Smith, and Daniel Lunney. "Changes in the distribution of reports of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) after 16 years of local conservation initiatives at Gunnedah, north-west New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 23, no. 1 (2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc16004.

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In the early 1990s the koala became the mascot for a revegetation program to control salinity on agricultural land around Gunnedah in New South Wales, and a snapshot of the koala’s distribution in the shire was collected at that time, mainly via a mail survey. After the success of tree plantings in the 1990s, the koala population of the Liverpool Plains became a focus of increasing local conservation efforts, as well as research to explain koala population dynamics. This included a repeat mail survey conducted in 2006, which enabled the comparison of the reported distributions to be undertaken. These two citizen science surveys had different response rates but both produced extensive datasets. By 2006, koalas were reported from a wider extent than in 1990, particularly to the north and east of the town, and in more developed agricultural areas, but with highest densities in areas with more than 25% wooded vegetation. In 1990, koalas were reported mostly from locations that were surrounded by more than 40% wooded vegetation with the core of the distribution being on the basalt hills south of the town of Gunnedah. Koalas were also reported with increased relative frequency in the town, and this formed the core of the reported sightings at that time. There were still no reports from many of the vegetated hilly margins of the shire. The observed changes in the pattern of reporting reflects the actual distribution of koalas intersected with the likelihood of observation and the willingness of people to report koalas, and also identify the areas that may be under-sampled to determine the true habitat breath of koalas in the area.

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Kondo, Kotaro, Mirei Suzuki, Mana Amadaira, Chiharu Araki, Rie Watanabe, Koichi Murakami, Shinsaku Ochiai, Tadatoshi Ogura, and Takashi Hayakawa. "Association of maternal genetics with the gut microbiome and eucalypt diet selection in captive koalas." PeerJ 12 (May 27, 2024): e17385. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17385.

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Background Koalas, an Australian arboreal marsupial, depend on eucalypt tree leaves for their diet. They selectively consume only a few of the hundreds of available eucalypt species. Since the koala gut microbiome is essential for the digestion and detoxification of eucalypts, their individual differences in the gut microbiome may lead to variations in their eucalypt selection and eucalypt metabolic capacity. However, research focusing on the relationship between the gut microbiome and differences in food preferences is very limited. We aimed to determine whether individual and regional differences exist in the gut microbiome of koalas as well as the mechanism by which these differences influence eucalypt selection. Methods Foraging data were collected from six koalas and a total of 62 feces were collected from 15 koalas of two zoos in Japan. The mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis was conducted to estimate the mitochondrial maternal origin of each koala. In addition, the 16S-based gut microbiome of 15 koalas was analyzed to determine the composition and diversity of each koala’s gut microbiome. We used these data to investigate the relationship among mitochondrial maternal origin, gut microbiome and eucalypt diet selection. Results and Discussion This research revealed that diversity and composition of the gut microbiome and that eucalypt diet selection of koalas differs among regions. We also revealed that the gut microbiome alpha diversity was correlated with foraging diversity in koalas. These individual and regional differences would result from vertical (maternal) transmission of the gut microbiome and represent an intraspecific variation in koala foraging strategies. Further, we demonstrated that certain gut bacteria were strongly correlated with both mitochondrial maternal origin and eucalypt foraging patterns. Bacteria found to be associated with mitochondrial maternal origin included bacteria involved in fiber digestion and degradation of secondary metabolites, such as the families Rikenellaceae and Synergistaceae. These bacteria may cause differences in metabolic capacity between individual and regional koalas and influence their eucalypt selection. Conclusion We showed that the characteristics (composition and diversity) of the gut microbiome and eucalypt diet selection of koalas differ by individuals and regional origins as we expected. In addition, some gut bacteria that could influence eucalypt foraging of koalas showed the relationships with both mitochondrial maternal origin and eucalypt foraging pattern. These differences in the gut microbiome between regional origins may make a difference in eucalypt selection. Given the importance of the gut microbiome to koalas foraging on eucalypts and their strong symbiotic relationship, future studies should focus on the symbiotic relationship and coevolution between koalas and the gut microbiome to understand individual and regional differences in eucalypt diet selection by koalas.

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Dique, David S., Jim Thompson, Harriet J. Preece, Guy C. Penfold, Deidré L. de Villiers, and Ros S. Leslie. "Koala mortality on roads in south-east Queensland: the koala speed-zone trial." Wildlife Research 30, no. 4 (2003): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02029.

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In 1995, the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, the Queensland Department of Main Roads and Redland Shire Council initiated the Koala Speed Zone Trial in the Koala Coast, south-east Queensland. The aim of the trial was to assess the effect of differential speed signs on the number of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast from 1995 to 1999. On the basis of information collected by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service 1407 koalas were hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast during the five-year study (mean 281 koalas per year, range 251–315). Monitoring of vehicle speeds by the Queensland Department of Main Roads suggested that there was no significant reduction in vehicle speed during the trial period from August to December. Consequently, there was no evidence to suggest that a reduction in the number of koalas hit by vehicles occurred during the trial. Approximately 70% of koalas were hit on arterial and sub-arterial roads and approximately 83% did not survive. The location of each koala hit was recorded and the signed speed limit of the road was noted. Most koalas that were hit by vehicles were young healthy males. Pooling of data on koala collisions and road speed limits suggested that the proportion of koalas that survived being hit by vehicles was slightly higher on roads with lower speed limits. However, vehicle speed was not the only factor that affected the number of koalas hit by vehicles. It is suggested that habitat destruction, koala density and traffic volume also contribute to road-associated koala mortality in the Koala Coast.

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Masters, Pip, Toni Duka, Steve Berris, and Graeme Moss. "Koalas on Kangaroo Island: from introduction to pest status in less than a century." Wildlife Research 31, no. 3 (2004): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03007.

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In less than a century the ecological profile of koalas on Kangaroo Island has shifted from that of a species introduced for conservation purposes to one of pest status. Between 1923 and 1925, 18 koalas were released on Kangaroo Island. Their numbers increased rapidly and in 1997 a population-control program was implemented based on a population estimate of 5000 koalas. During the course of this program, it became clear that the koala population on Kangaroo Island was much greater and more widely distributed than previously thought, hence a more comprehensive population survey was carried out.In 2000–01 the koala population size was calculated using a stratified sampling approach based on five 'catchment units' and three habitat classifications that were known to support koalas. The koala population was estimated to be ~27 000 koalas in 2001. There were substantial differences in koala density in the low-, medium- and high-quality habitat within each catchment unit, and therefore large differences in the spatial distribution of koalas across Kangaroo Island. This revised population estimate has substantial ramifications for the Kangaroo Island Koala Management Program that was set in place in 1997.

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Jiang, Alex Zijian, Andrew Tribe, Clive J. C. Phillips, and Peter J. Murray. "Insights from Koala–Cattle Interaction Experiments: Koalas and Cattle May See Each Other as a Disturbance." Animals 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070872.

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Koalas are facing many threats and have now been officially listed as endangered. Recently, concerns were raised in anecdotal reports of koalas being killed by livestock, especially cattle. We investigated the significance of cattle as a threat to koala survival via two koala–cattle interaction experiments, from both the koala and cattle perspectives. In the first experiment, we recorded the ranging behaviour of free-ranging, radio-collared koalas prior to, during and after cattle grazed within their usual home range. Koalas decreased their distance travelled and the size of their home range when they shared space with cattle, compared with the period before cattle started grazing within their home range. In the second experiment, we recorded the reactions of cattle towards koalas that they encountered on the ground, using motorised animal models: a model koala mounted on a remote-controlled vehicle and a model dog mounted on the same vehicle, and the vehicle alone. The koala model elicited aggression and fear in cattle, similar to the dog model, whereas their reaction to the vehicle was significantly less aggressive. No actual attacks by the cattle were observed. The results provide experimental evidence that negative koala–livestock interactions occur and indicate that cattle and koalas may see each other as a disturbance.

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Menkhorst, Peter, David Ramsey, Tim O'Brien, Emily Hynes, and Desley Whisson. "Survival and movements of koalas translocated from an over-abundant population." Wildlife Research 46, no. 7 (2019): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19090.

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Abstract Context At some sites in southern Victoria, browsing pressure caused by high-density koala populations can result in defoliation of preferred browse trees. In extreme cases, this over-browsing can lead to widespread tree death and starvation of koalas. To reduce the potential for mortality of trees and koalas, a management strategy that includes fertility control of females and translocation of healthy individuals (male and female) has been adopted. AimsTo compare the short- to medium-term survival and body condition of koalas translocated from over-browsed habitat and released into unoccupied (or nearly so) habitat with that of koalas left in situ in compromised habitat. Methods We monitored survival and body condition of 36 translocated koalas for 4–5 months after translocation relative to that of a control group (24 animals) left in situ. Koalas were recaptured and body condition measured (as a scaled body-mass index) ~40 and 137 days after translocation. Additionally, GPS loggers were used to investigate patterns of koala movement. Key resultsSurvival rates of translocated koalas were not different from those of controls and females in both groups showed slightly higher survival rates than did males. After 137 days, control animals had lower scaled body mass, whereas translocated animals, after an initial reduction, had mostly regained, or increased their scaled body mass. Translocated females regained their original scaled body mass faster than did translocated males. Male koalas in both control and translocated groups had higher rates of movement than did females, and translocated koalas had slightly higher rates of movement than did control koalas. Translocated koalas moved farther from their release location than control koalas. ConclusionsOn the basis of the scaled body-mass index, translocated koalas fared better than those left in situ in compromised habitat, even though the density of koalas in the over-browsed habitat had been reduced by a wider salvage translocation program. The process used to identify potential release sites, including a spatial koala-habitat index, accurately predicted suitable koala habitat. ImplicationsThe current management strategy of translocating koalas out of over-browsed habitat is supported and could be more widely applied.

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Marsh, Karen J., Ben D. Moore, Ian R. Wallis, and William J. Foley. "Continuous monitoring of feeding by koalas highlights diurnal differences in tree preferences." Wildlife Research 40, no. 8 (2013): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13104.

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Context It is difficult to measure feeding rates for most wild nocturnal mammalian herbivores. Thus, although koalas are a popular species to study, we have a poor understanding of their activity patterns and feeding ecology. Researchers often assume that the trees that koalas occupy during the day indicate feeding preferences, but they may better reflect preferred resting sites. Aims We recorded the activities of koalas, with an emphasis on their feeding, particularly when they fed, the trees that they fed from, the number of meals they consumed and the variability in these measurements. Methods We continuously monitored eight koalas by audio- and radio-telemetry for 14 consecutive 24-h periods each. We followed two koalas at a time and recorded the trees they visited, when, where and how long they fed, and the size and nutritional composition of the trees in the landscape. Key results Individual koalas varied in how many trees they visited, how many meals they ate and how long they spent feeding during each 24-h period. They preferred Eucalyptus globulus trees during the day, but fed mainly at night, with a preference for E. viminalis. The trees that koalas visited during the day were larger than those that they visited at night. Conclusions The trees that koalas occupied during the day were poor indicators of their diet preferences, whereas the daily feeding activities of individual koalas varied widely. Implications Predicting a koala’s diet from the trees it occupies during the day is fraught with error. Although the trees that koalas rest in are important in the species ecology for reasons other than feeding, we should refrain from using them to predict an animal’s diet. Because feeding activity is difficult to measure, it is probably best done indirectly by analysing leaf-cuticle fragments or waxes in faeces. The substantial day-to-day variation in koala activities also indicates that behavioural and physiological studies of koalas require long monitoring periods – a week or longer.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Koalas"

Ward, Steven J., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Koalas and the community : a study of low density populations in Southern Sydney." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Ward_S.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/265.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution, density, health, condition, fertility, causes of mortality, home range size and tree preferences, of koalas in low density populations in the south of Sydney. This information was then used to make management recommendations; good management is needed because there is rapid human population growth and pressure for development of koala habitat in the Sydney region. State Environment Planning Policy 44(SEPP44) is New South Wales legislation that relates to developments affecting koala habitat. Problems in the application of SEPP44 in the Sydney region were found to exist, such as Sutherland Local Government Area (LGA) not being covered, and changes to this legislation are also recommended.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Maher, Iona Elizabeth. "Investigations into the effect of koala retrovirus infection on the immune system of koalas." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16995.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of infection with Koala retrovirus (KoRV) on the immune system of koalas. This required the development of real-time RT-PCR assays to measure key cytokines including interleukin 4, interleukin 6, interleukin 10 and interferon gamma and CD4 and CD8β. The response of koala cells to three common mitogen stimulation protocols was assessed and appropriate reference genes (GAPDH and 28s) were validated. These qPCR methods were then used to examine the resting cytokine and CD4:CD8 mRNA expression in Victorian koalas that had either negative, positive or mixed KoRV and Chlamydia infection status. KoRV positive koalas had significantly lower levels of IL17A and IFNγ expression along with a decreased CD4:CD8 compared to negative koalas. qPCR was also used to measure gene expression by mitogen stimulated lymphocytes of koalas infected with a newly discovered variant of KoRV (KoRV B) compared to those without; this was measured four times to control for seasonal variation. KoRV B positive koalas showed significantly increased upregulation of IL17A and IL10 in three out of four sampling periods and IFNγ, IL6, IL4 and TNFα in two out of four. There was also seasonal variation in up-regulation for most cytokines and the CD4:CD8. qPCR was used to detect KoRV A and B from DNA samples from koalas in eight geographically separate populations in NSW. KoRV A was detected in 217/217 of koalas, thus it is likely endogenous in NSW. KoRV B was detected in 21/217 individuals and in all but one population examined in NSW. A pilot study was performed to establish a protocol for incubation of the synthetic peptide CKS-17 (immunosuppressive domain of gamma retroviruses), with mitogen stimulated PBMC’s from KoRV positive and KoRV negative koalas.

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Gharibi, Soraya. "Study into selected antimicrobial drugs for koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), incorporating consideration of koalas’ endogenous plasma and serum antibacterial activity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18012.

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Pharmacokinetic studies of some drugs in koalas argue that traditional ad-hoc dosage extrapolation from dogs and cats to koalas is inappropriate. This research describes plasma concentration changes of cefovecin and amoxicillin in koalas. Posaconazole was also investigated as its broad-spectrum antifungal activity might be efficacious against cryptococcosis in koalas. HPLC methods to determine plasma concentrations of these antimicrobials were developed and validated. Posaconazole was administered at 3 mg/kg to two koalas i.v. and 6 mg/kg to six koalas p.o. Posaconazole is predicted to be efficacious for cryptococcosis treatment in koalas. An in-vitro study to determine cefovecin binding to plasma proteins of koalas and some Australian marsupials demonstrated the proportion of binding between 12 to 40 %, suggesting the elimination half-life of cefovecin in these species is likely to be shorter than those in dogs and cats. Cefovecin was administered as a single bolus (8 mg/kg) to six koalas s.c. Cefovecin plasma concentrations at all time points (0 to 96 h) in all animals were below 1 μg/mL, indicating cefovecin has a short duration of action in koalas. Amoxicillin was administered to six koalas at 10 mg/kg s.c. Low concentrations of amoxicillin were detected; however, drug instability might have contributed towards these findings. Bioassays were undertaken to confirm amoxicillin and cefovecin HPLC results. The bioassays demonstrated variable plasma antibacterial activities at t = 0 h (before koalas were medicated). Consequently, endogenous antibacterial activities of koala plasma and serum to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus were evaluated. Koala blood matrices demonstrated significant variations in inhibiting both pathogens’ growth compared to other species studied. Reasons for such variations were unclear but opened a new area for investigating koalas’ endogenous antimicrobial activity and how it might protect this ‘vulnerable’ species from infectious diseases.

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Rademann, Matthias. "Morphologische und morphometrische Untersuchung des Dickdarmes der Koalas, einschliesslich einer vergleichenden Gegenüberstellung der Darmtrakte von Koala, Schwein und Pferd." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967836220.

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Hey, Grace Valasi, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Identification of individual koalas: microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Hey_G.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/451.

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Current studies of koalas in the wild mainly rely on information gathered by traditional field methods, such as community sightings, spotlighting, radiotracking, animal trappings, ear tagging and faecal pellet incidence. Collection of faeces is potentially the most reliable source of non-invasively obtaining DNA samples, which can be used to identify specific individuals. This thesis demonstrated a simple, rapid and reproducible method of extracting DNA from Koala faecal pellets using a commercially available DNA extraction kit, shows the maximum age of pellets from which DNA can be reliably extracted and defines the conditions required for the long term storage of pellets before DNA extraction is carried out. Mitochondrial DNA PCR analysis provided a simple and rapid indication of the success of both the faecal DNA extraction and pellet collection process. The faecal DNA was successfully used for microsatellite analysis and the subsequent genetic profiling of individuals from within the Campbelltown Koala population. The study paves the way for the analysis of microsatellite loci in koala faecal pellet DAN to study populations, which are too sparsely distributed to allow the capture of individual koalas
Master of Science (M. Sc.) (Hons.)

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Lima, Eliana Maciel Barros. "Seletividade alimentar dos koalas do Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6194.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a seletividade alimentar dos koalas do Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa. Para tal, efetuou-se uma análise estatística dos registos diários sobre o consumo dos mesmos, recolhidos pelos seus tratadores no período compreendido entre 2008 e 2012, conduziram-se testes de cafetaria para analisar as preferências alimentares destes animais e determinados aspetos do seu comportamento alimentar, e, por último, determinou-se o conteúdo nutricional (matéria seca, cinza, fibra e proteína) de 54 amostras de eucalipto fornecido aos koalas. Os animais estudados têm acesso a uma dieta diversificada (cerca de 30 espécies de eucalipto), o que permite um elevado nível de seletividade. As análises estatísticas mostraram diferenças significativas (P ≤ 0,05) entre o nível de preferência médio individual dos koalas do Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa, o que pode estar relacionado com diferenças fisiológicas (sexo, idade, estado reprodutivo) e/ou com experiências alimentares prévias. Os indivíduos analisados mostraram um nível de preferência superior para determinadas espécies de eucalipto, tais como Eucalyptus botryoides, E. camaldulensis, E. globulus, E. macarthuri, E. occidentalis, E. ovata, E. polyanthemus, E. robusta e E. tereticornis. Foi detetada variação dos níveis médios de preferências ao longo do ano das espécies de eucalipto mais frequentemente fornecidas aos koalas. Esta informação poderá vir a ser útil para os veterinários e tratadores do Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa, permitindo a provisão diferenciada de alimento ao longo do ano e uma melhor gestão dos arboretos de onde provém o alimento dos koalas. Os animais sob estudo exibiram um nível médio de preferência superior para as espécies de eucalipto procedentes da Mata do Escaroupim, à exceção de E. maculata, E. occidentalis, E. perrianiana e E. rudis, que possuíram um nível de preferência superior quando foram originárias do Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Estas diferenças podem estar relacionadas com diferenças a nível genético entre as duas populações ou com a diferente idade das árvores dos dois locais. Os teores nutricionais das amostras de eucalipto analisadas foram similares aos referidos na literatura. Todas as amostras apresentaram níveis de azoto superiores ao limite mínimo para a manutenção de koalas referido na literatura. Os resultados deste trabalho estão em conformidade com as últimas descobertas, que sublinham a complexidade entre a ingestão, a palatabilidade e a composição química da folhagem na ecologia alimentar dos koalas.
ABSTRACT - The aim of his work was to study the feeding preferences of the koalas from the Zoo of Lisbon. First, a statistical analysis of the available data (between 2008 and 2012, recorded by the keepers) about the daily food preference level of the koalas was conducted, for different Eucalyptus species. Secondly, some “cafeteria trials” were performed to examine some aspects of the koalas’ food preferences and feeding behavior. Finally, nutritional content (dry matter, ash, fiber and protein) of 56 samples of Eucalyptus given to koalas was analyzed. The five animals under study have access to a very diverse diet (about 30 eucalyptus species), which allows a great level of selectivity. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences (P ≤ 0,05) between the food average preference levels of individual koalas, which may be related with physiological (age, sex, reproductive state) and/or sociological differences between them, and even with previous food experiences. Koalas showed a higher average level of preferences for some Eucalyptus species, like Eucalyptus botryoides, E. camaldulensis, E. globulus, E. macarthuri, E. occidentalis, E. ovata, E. polyanthemus, E. robusta and E. tereticornis. There was some variation of the average food preferences during the year. This information may become useful for keepers and veterinarians, allowing a differentiated feed supply during the year, as well as an optimization of the management of eucalyptus plantations. Koalas showed a higher average level of food preferences when the eucalyptus trees originated from Escaroupim forest, except for the species E. maculata, E. occidentalis, E. perrianiana and E. rudis, which showed a higher level of preferences when coming from Instituto Superior de Agronomia. These differences may be related to genetic and/or age differences between the tree populations of the places referred. The nutritional content of the eucalyptus samples was similar to that reported in the literature, when information about the eucalyptus species was available. Every sample presented greater nitrogen levels than the minimum threshold for koalas nutritional maintenance needs referred by Cork (1986). The results of this work are in accordance with the latest discoveries, which reveal the complexity in the interactions between ingestion, palatability and foliage composition in the koala food ecology.

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Hey, Grace Valasi. "Identification of individual koalas : microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA." Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/451.

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Hey, Grace Valasi. "Identification of individual koalas : microsatellite analysis of faecal DNA /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051220.110416/index.html.

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Khan, Shahneaz Ali. "Development of a chlamydial vaccine for koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/97934/1/Shahneaz%20Ali_Khan_Thesis.pdf.

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Widespread chlamydial infection in koalas resulting significant morbidity and mortality and is therefore a major threat for surviving koala density across Australia. Antibiotics are the currently practice one of the main therapeutic measures but the asymptomatic nature of the disease reduces their effectiveness. In this thesis, we evaluated the most updated version of rMOMP (major outer membrane protein) based anti-chlamydial vaccine adjuvanted with Tri-Adjuvant components. We have successfully completed our vaccine trial in captive koalas as well as in wild koalas. The vaccine induced specific immune responses and looks very promising to protect this iconic animals from debilitating effect of chlamydial infections.

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Griffith, Joanna Elizabeth. "Studies into the diagnosis, treatment and management of chlamydiosis in koalas." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6836.

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Koalas are an iconic Australian marsupial species that attract much public sympathy and support. Despite several thousand koalas being presented to wildlife rehabilitation facilities annually for treatment of traumatic injuries (primarily motor vehicle strikes and dog predation) and disease (principally chlamydiosis), little information exists regarding the success of treatments or whether rehabilitated animals survive in the wild after release. This thesis examines several aspects of the diagnosis, treatment and management of the most important infectious disease of koalas, chlamydiosis, and provides an evidence base for rational diagnostic and treatment decisions in the rehabilitation setting. Experimental work commences in Chapter 2 with a study of the admission records of a large koala rehabilitation facility (the Koala Hospital of the Koala Preservation Society of NSW) showing that traumatic presentations and those relating to clinical chlamydiosis were most common, with motor vehicle collisions apparently a significant and increasing threat to survival of the local koala population. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to measures aimed at maintaining a viable population of wild koalas in Port Macquarie and for logistic planning at the Koala Hospital. Initial studies in this thesis confirmed that koalas with chlamydiosis are frequently treated at wildlife rehabilitation facilities. Despite the commonness of this disease, there is a lack of rigorous scientific studies examining frequently used treatments. Chapter 3, a retrospective review of medical records of a cohort of koalas admitted for treatment for chlamydiosis, revealed that diagnostic and treatment decisions were frequently based on clinical signs alone and treatment choices and durations were inconsistent with those used to successfully treat chlamydiosis in other species. Despite this, treated animals were frequently released and many survived in the wild. Chapter 4 outlines general methods common to the clinical work undertaken in Chapters 5, 7 and 9. Antibiotic treatment with drugs commonly used to treat chlamydiosis in other species (erythromycin, oxytetracycline) has led to wasting and death in koalas. A pilot study, presented in Chapter 5, found that, similarly, more modern forms of these drugs (doxycycline and azithromycin) cannot be used safely in koalas, leading to the author’s decision to investigate, in detail, the efficacy of the less conventional anti-chlamydial drugs, the fluoroquinolones. Studies of marsupial pharmacokinetics are uncommon and, prior to this thesis, there were no published studies of pharmacokinetics in koalas. The author’s investigations, using a modified agar diffusion assay (Chapter 6) and high performance liquid chromatography (Chapter 7), found the absorption of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin by the oral route in koalas was extremely poor and suggested absorption rate limited disposition pharmacokinetics. In combination with plasma protein binding of approximately 50%, the concentrations of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin achieved in plasma were not considered likely to inhibit the growth of chlamydial pathogens in vivo. In Chapter 8 the author explored the apparent contradiction between the failure to achieve appropriate plasma concentrations of fluoroquinolones to treat chlamydiosis and the apparent efficacy of these drugs reported in historical medical records. Methods to monitor clinical signs by clinical scoring and chlamydial load using real-time polymerase chain reaction were developed during the study. The results of these studies showed that clinical signs were poorly sensitive in determining the presence of chlamydial organisms in koalas; all fluoroquinolone treatment regimes led to a dramatic reduction in Chlamydophila pecorum load during treatment; and clinical signs improved in many animals. Importantly, however, pathogen load rebounded after withdrawal of treatment, indicating that most animals failed to clear infections. These findings have implications for the diagnosis, and treatment of chlamydial disease in koalas and for the subsequent return of fluoroquinolone treated animals to the wild. The findings and limitations of these studies are presented in general terms in Chapter 9 and recommendations for future studies are proposed.

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Книги з теми "Koalas"

Koalas. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2012.

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MacLeod, Elizabeth. Koalas. New York: Scholastic, 1989.

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Michael, Bright. Koalas. New York: Gloucester Press, 1990.

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Neil, McLeod, ed. Koala Kate: Talks about koalas. Glen Waverley, Vic: Merrijig, 1988.

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Koalas. New York: Children's Press, 2016.

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Owen, Ruth. Koalas. New York: Windmill Books, 2014.

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Bodden, Valerie. Koalas. Mankato, MN: Creative Paperbacks, 2015.

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Serventy, Vincent. Koalas. Frenchs Forest,NSW: Child & Associates, 1989.

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ill, McLeod Neil, and Johnson Sylvia A, eds. Koalas. Minneapolis, Minn: Carolrhoda Books, 1999.

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Lee, Sandra. Koalas. [Plymouth, MN]: Child's World, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Koalas"

Starr, Jean. "Koalas." In Care and Handling of Australian Native Animals, 83–90. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1990.009.

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Reynolds, Benjamin D., Kelly A. Caruso, Cameron J. Whittaker, and Jeffrey Smith. "Ophthalmology of Marsupials: Opossums, Koalas, Kangaroos, Bandicoots, and Relatives." In Wild and Exotic Animal Ophthalmology, 11–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81273-7_3.

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Ward, Steven, and Robert Close. "Southern Sydney's urban koalas: community research and education at Campbelltown." In Urban Wildlife, 44–54. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.080.

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Lunney, Daniel, Rob Close, Jessica Bryant, Mathew S. Crowther, Ian Shannon, Kylie Madden, and Steven Ward. "Campbelltown's koalas: their place in the natural history of Sydney." In The Natural History of Sydney, 319–25. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2010.026.

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Rhodes, J. R., C. A. McAlpine, A. F. Zuur, G. M. Smith, and E. N. Ieno. "GLMM Applied on the Spatial Distribution of Koalas in a Fragmented Landscape." In Statistics for Biology and Health, 469–92. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-87458-6_21.

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Wilks, Sarah. "Different portrayals of Koalas on Kangaroo Island: what gets whose attention (and what doesn't)." In Too close for comfort, 22–32. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2008.006.

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Lunney, Daniel, Rob Close, Jessica V. Bryant, Mathew S. Crowther, Ian Shannon, Kylie Madden, Steven Ward, and Daniel Lunney. "The koalas of Campbelltown, south-western Sydney: does their natural history foretell of an unnatural future?" In The Natural History of Sydney, 339–70. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2010.029.

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Lunney, Daniel, Mathew S. Crowther, Ian Wallis, William J. Foley, John Lemon, Rob Wheeler, George Madani, et al. "Koalas and climate change: a case study on the Liverpool Plains, north-west New South Wales." In Wildlife and Climate Change, 150–68. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2012.022.

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Lennon, Sherilyn. "Dancing Koalas, Burning Books, and “Fair Game”: Using Butler’s Concept of Performativity to Examine Rural Gender Performances." In Ruraling Education Research, 207–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0131-6_14.

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Weik, Martin H. "koala pad." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 865. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_9883.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Koalas"

Zhao, Yuting, Masoud Mohammadian, Julio Romero, and Hamed Sarbazhosseini. "Issues Related to Modelling and Parameter Settings of Models for Ecological Systems the Case of Distribution of Koalas." In 2021 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csde53843.2021.9718495.

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Snowdon, David C., Etienne Le Sueur, Stefan M. Petters, and Gernot Heiser. "Koala." In the fourth ACM european conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1519065.1519097.

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Little, Greg, Tessa A. Lau, Allen Cypher, James Lin, Eben M. Haber, and Eser Kandogan. "Koala." In the SIGCHI Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240767.

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Vuong, Ingmar, Andrzej Wozniak, Suresh Krishna, and Ion Filotti. "KOALA." In the 1986 ACM SIGSMALL/PC symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/317559.322748.

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Baun, Christian, and Marcel Kunze. "The KOALA cloud management service." In the First International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1967422.1967423.

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Himawan, Ivan, Michael Towsey, Bradley Law, and Paul Roe. "Deep Learning Techniques for Koala Activity Detection." In Interspeech 2018. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-1143.

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Vanella, S., A. Menghini, and A. Tufano. "Indoor Air Quality - Koala System For Aerosol Removal." In Warship 96 - Naval Submarines 5. RINA, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.warship.1996.9.

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Mohamed, H. H., and D. H. J. Epema. "Experiences with the KOALA co-allocating scheduler in multiclusters." In CCGrid 2005. IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid.2005.1558642.

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Andriany, Debby, Totok Amin Soefijanto, and Mochamad Wahyudi. "Strategic Planning for Students in Little Koala Montessori Kindergarten." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Innovation in Education (ICoIE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icoie-18.2019.129.

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Sonmez, Ozan, Hashim Mohamed, and Dick Epema. "Communication-Aware Job Placement Policies for the KOALA Grid Scheduler." In 2006 Second IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/e-science.2006.261163.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Koalas"

Amy Robbins, Amy Robbins. Is habitat quality a key factor in determining whether koalas develop chlamydial disease? Experiment, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/11690.

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Ritchie, Euan. The koala in the coal mine. Edited by Sara Phillips. Monash University, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/e5ef-603b.

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Kjarsgaard, B. A., R. N. Spark, and Z. J. Jakop. Preliminary geology, Koala, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194787.

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