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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Karabakh conflict"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Karabakh conflict"

1

Patlewicz, Barbara. "Oblicza ormiańsko-azerbejdżańskiego konfliktu o Górski Karabach." Sprawy Narodowościowe, no. 39 (February 15, 2022): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sn.2011.026.

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Faces of the Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict in Nagorno-KarabakhThe territory of Nagorno-Karabakh had become the matter of Armenian-Azerbaijani disputes long before the establishment of the Soviet power in the Caucasus. Armenian colonization of Muslim territories intensified after each conflict which the Russian Empire was involved in, especially after the Crimean War and the Russo-Turkish War of 1876–1878. Following the conflicts which took place between 1905–1907 and 1918–1920, Karabakh became part of the Armenian national myth. The establishment of the Soviet power in November 1920 resulted in the recognition of Karabakh as part of Armenia, but the decision was reversed the following year and the region was transferred to Azerbaijan. The claim that during the times of the Soviet Union the conflict did not exist can only refer to the military state of affairs. The beginning of its current phase occurred in 1987. The Armenian Supreme Council’s decision of 10 January 1990 to cover Nagorno-Karabakh in the republican budget and grant its citizens the right to vote in Armenian general elections was another step leading to the escalation of the conflict. The authorities in Baku insist that it can only be solved according to the principle of territorial integrity, which means that the solution must assume that Nagorno-Karabakh is part of Azerbaijan. On the other hand, the Armenians invoke the right to self-determination, which, according to them, makes Karabakh’s declaration of independence legitimate. The dispute is still one of the key problems destabilizing the situation in the South Caucasus.
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2

Shirvanova, Terane. "The Legal Aspects of Nagorno Karabakh Conflict During the Azerbaijan Peoples’ Republic Period." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i4.p92-96.

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The ongoing Nagorno Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan results from two principles of international law: the main sides of conflict, Armenia and Azerbaijan, defending their position claim the self determination right of people and territorial integrity with inviolability of state borders. The main obstacle on the ongoing “no war, no peace” condition of negotiation process is that mutual agreed statement on these principles is not possible. [1, 33] Firstly, in order to look the legal aspects of Nagorno Karabakh conflict, there is a need to analyze the political and legal processes that created the problem around Nagorno Karabakh’s legal status. Therefore the ADR period (May 1918- April 1920) is important: because those years involve the beginning of the contemporary ethnic conflict and the formation of the current legal-political position of conflict sides. On other words, analyzing the process of legal status of NK conflict during the ADR period from the frame of sides’ claims and arguments is very important on the research of the legal aspects of Nagorno Karabakh conflict.
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3

Shirvanova, Terane. "The Legal Aspects of Nagorno Karabakh Conflict During the Azerbaijan Peoples’ Republic Period." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v6i1.p92-96.

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Анотація:
The ongoing Nagorno Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan results from two principles of international law: the main sides of conflict, Armenia and Azerbaijan, defending their position claim the self determination right of people and territorial integrity with inviolability of state borders. The main obstacle on the ongoing “no war, no peace” condition of negotiation process is that mutual agreed statement on these principles is not possible. [1, 33] Firstly, in order to look the legal aspects of Nagorno Karabakh conflict, there is a need to analyze the political and legal processes that created the problem around Nagorno Karabakh’s legal status. Therefore the ADR period (May 1918- April 1920) is important: because those years involve the beginning of the contemporary ethnic conflict and the formation of the current legal-political position of conflict sides. On other words, analyzing the process of legal status of NK conflict during the ADR period from the frame of sides’ claims and arguments is very important on the research of the legal aspects of Nagorno Karabakh conflict.
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4

Kolarz, Stefania. "Zastosowanie metod pokojowego rozstrzygania sporów w konflikcie o Górski Karabach." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 20 (September 20, 2017): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.20.13.

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Анотація:
Application of peaceful means of international disputes resolution in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflictOver twenty years ago the Armenians inhabiting one of Azerbaijani provinces declared constitution of a new state — the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Hence, the conflict over legal status of this region begun; formally the terrain belongs to Azerbaijan, but it remains under Armenian control. The international community multiplied attempts of mediation and created a Group of Minsk under auspices of OSCE especially for the purpose of resolution of the karabakhi dispute. However, any settlement wasn’t reached so far. Therefore, one may ask whether this conflict may be solved using diplomatic means of international disputes resolution?
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5

Smolnik, Franziska. "Political rule and violent conflict: Elections as ‘institutional mutation’ in Nagorno-Karabakh." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45, no. 1-2 (March 2012): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.03.002.

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The article analyzes political rule in an entity affected by violent conflict. Aiming at contributing to the study of the South Caucasus ‘de-facto states’, it is argued that so far insufficient attention has been paid to the influence the persistent violent conflicts have had on political processes inside these entities. To substantiate the argument three elections in the de-facto state of Nagorno-Karabakh are scrutinized. The analysis reveals that contrary to prevalent classifications the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is not frozen, but that indeed the persistent violent conflict constitutes a significant factor that helps us account for the specific character of political rule in Nagorno-Karabakh.
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6

Dewantara, Andhika, and Muhammad Yamin. "Analisis Peran Rusia sebagai Mediator dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Nagorno Karabakh Periode 2008-2016." Insignia: Journal of International Relations 6, no. 1 (May 9, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2019.6.1.1479.

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Анотація:
The Nagorno Karabakh conflict is a conflict over territorial disputes that is synonymous with inter-Azerbaijan strife that adheres to the principle of integrating its territory in Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia which support the Nagorno Karabakh region and ethnic Armenians who are in it for independence from Azerbaijan. The dynamics of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia continue to unfold, and there has never been a sustainable peace agreement between the two parties in dispute since the peace agreement Bishkek (Bishkek Protocol) 1994. Along with the dynamics of the battle, Russia has a very active role in the mediation and peace-building process between the two parties in conflict. Russia's position as mediator is carried out within the official framework of the OSCE Minsk Group and in the personal initiation of the state in the medium of the trilateral meeting. This research will describe the dynamics of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict in the period 2008-2016 along with efforts to resolve disputes under the Russian role. Keywords : Nagorno Karabakh Conflict, Russia, Mediation, and Contigency Model
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7

Aplak, Hakan Soner, and Gokhan Sari. "Modeling Azerbaijan’s action process concerning Nagorno-Karabakh and the occupied territories." Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues 7, no. 2 (September 10, 2017): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjs.v7i2.2398.

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AbstractThe Nagorno-Karabakh conflict was caused by the warring sides’ claims of land possession or their struggle to maintain possession of their land. Despite the historical reasons for the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, the primary factor for Karabakh's occupation by Armenia was the collapse of the Soviet Union. A limited ceasefire was achieved in 1994; however, lasting peace could not be sustained. During the tentative ceasefire, rising tensions at the Azerbaijan-Armenian border bring the countries back to the brink of war. Lack of a permanent solution to the conflict via diplomatic means has resulted in an increase in tensions since 2014. This study aimed to provide a systematic analysis of Azerbaijan’s perspective concerning the conflict, in terms of the political, economic, geographic, and military factors, as well as the other elements of national power. Using decisional analysis techniques of the factors mentioned above, the action process of Azerbaijan is modelled. Keywords: Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, influence diagram, decision analysis.
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8

Ayunts, Artak, Mikayel Zolyan, and Tigran Zakaryan. "Nagorny Karabakh conflict: Prospects for conflict transformation." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 4 (July 2016): 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2016.1157158.

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Анотація:
The article explores the current stalemate in the Nagorny Karabakh conflict, and perspectives for conflict transformation. As the conflict has remained dormant for more than 20 years, the political systems of the countries engaged in the conflict have adjusted to the conflict situation. The conflict is often used by the political elites in order to legitimize their power, consolidate support, marginalize opponents, and neutralize democratizing pressures. Since the status quo serves the interests of the authorities, the ruling regimes do not have strong incentives to seek conflict resolution. In these conditions, conflict transformation approaches are considered a necessary means to deal with the conflict. Given that political elites have little incentive to implement such transformation, civil society actors come increasingly to the fore. Only through multitrack initiatives supported by civil society actors, we argue, can conflict transformation practices advance and subsequently bring peace to the region.
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9

Saikh, Abu Rushd Mohammad. "The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: An Apparatus for Russia‘s National Interest Maximization." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 03 (2022): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6321.

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Анотація:
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict constitutes an ideal case study for addressing the difficulty of national interest in foreign policy formulation. Nagorno-Karabakh occupied by Armenia is recognized by the international community as a part of Azerbaijan. Unresolved for a few years, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has verified a true Gordian knot. This article examines the role of external actors, specifically role of Russia in this conflict. Russia is widely thought of to be the foremost relevant and anxious regional power. Russia’s ambition to retain the Soviet era influence in its strategic backyards, the geopolitical importance of Nagorno-Karabakh and its relations with Armenia and Azerbaijan made itself a crucial regional actor in this conflict. Russia possesses authority to escalate and deescalate through military assistance and mediation. This article demonstrates that Russia utilizes the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict to maximize its national interest in the south Caucasian region.
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Cheterian, Vicken. "Karabakh conflict after Kosovo: no way out?" Nationalities Papers 40, no. 5 (September 2012): 703–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2012.705269.

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Анотація:
A series of events in 2008 influenced the Karabakh conflict resolution efforts: the Kosovo declaration of independence, the August war, and Russian recognition of independent Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Two new diplomatic initiatives to resolve the Karabakh conflict were launched immediately after the August war, one by Russia and the second by Turkey. This article discusses why the two initiatives failed, and the structural problems of Karabakh conflict resolution efforts.
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Дисертації з теми "Karabakh conflict"

1

Leckie, Chanda Allana. "The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32800.

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Анотація:
Out of the violent conflicts in the former Soviet Union, the war over Nagorno-Karabakh is the most threatening to the future development of the region, both economically and politically, as it is no closer to a solution than when the fighting ended in 1994. This is regrettable as there are some opportunities that provide the warring parties enough flexibility to move forward in the negotiation process. This thesis analyzes the evolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict under the aegis of the OSCE Minsk Group from 1992 to the present. It discusses not only the history of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and what went wrong with the Minsk Groupâ s attempts to find a fair and objective solution to the conflict, but also the obstacles and opportunities for a settlement. From this discussion, suggestions to improve the Minsk Groupâ s performance are presented, and future predictions of a peaceful settlement to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict will also be discussed.
Master of Arts
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2

Nikkar-Esfahani, Hamidreza. "The Nagorno Karabakh conflict: Causes of the conflict and obstacles to conflict resolution." Doctoral thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4899.

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3

Nikkar-Esfahani, Hamidreza. "The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict : causes of the conflict and obstacles to conflict resolution." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5650.

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Анотація:
Since 1988, the states of Armenia and Azerbaijan have been engaged in conflict over the enclave of Nagorno Karabakh. The conflict has developed into one of the most intractable and complicated disputes in the international arena, with the main parties being the two rivalling sovereign states plus the 'unrecognised state' of Nagorno Karabakh. Despite the optimistic statements and claims by the OSCE and after many years of negotiations and talks, the peace process remains in stalemate. The research argues the virtues of Track Two diplomacy and highlights the successful instances where it has made important contributions to the 'official' or Track One diplomatic process. It also explores the potential of a 'no war no peace' situation by discerning the factors influencing the progress of the conflict. The research shows that a deeper understanding of the obstacles to peace is achieved by appreciating the significance of historical events as well as recognising the motives and interests of the different parties. The study reviews all major factors which have led to the failure of resolution efforts, particular the negative role played by Russia. It concludes that the scholars in the field of conflict resolution can bring about a lasting peace to this region, provided there is a fundamental change in the structure of the co-chairs of the OSCE.
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4

Mayer, Timothy R. "Intractability and mediation of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38976.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Nearly two decades following a ceasefire, the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed territory of Nagorno-Karabakh remains unresolved. Often referred to as a frozen conflict, the status quo that has developed between these two nations has developed roots that touch many aspects of life in both countries. This thesis examines intractability by analyzing three distinct levels of this conflict. It scrutinizes the reasons underlying failed mediation attempts since 1994 at the level of the elite, the nation, and the international structure. It also explores the linkages between these three distinct levels that contribute to the complexity of conflict resolution. Despite periodic optimistic media reports that suggest mediators are nearing a final resolution, it will likely be decades before real progress can be made. Resolution of this conflict will require a compromise between these two nations that may only be possible through greater democratization on both sides. Simultaneously, the influence of larger states, notably Russia, have placed this regional dispute on the global stage and embedded the conflict in a larger polarized geopolitical contest for power and influence. Effective mediation depends on a shift in the regional balance of power or national interests of regional stakeholders.
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5

Milanova, Nadia Kirilova. "The conflict over Nagorno Karabakh 1992-2002 : ten years of missed conflict resolution opportunities." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251183.

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6

Williams, Jessica. "The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict problems and possibilities for political resolution /." Click here to access thesis, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2009/jessica_r_williams/williams_jessica_r_200901_MASS.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia Southern University, 2009.
"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts." Directed by Emilia Powell. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-62)
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7

Jumayeva, Lala. "Not ripe for resolution : the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, 1992-2013." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8325/.

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The present research provides new insights into the main causes of the unsuccessful negotiation attempts made by the dispute parties in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict at different points in time throughout the peace talks from 1992 till 2013 and seeks to explain the failure of the sides to achieve a final settlement of the dispute. This research employs a qualitative research design and makes use of the congruence and process tracing methods whereby a time-series comparative analysis of six negotiation phases within the whole Nagorno-Karabakh peace process is undertaken. By studying both the domestic and international context in which the conflict has been embedded, as well as the contents of the proposed peace deals in the past, this study argues that the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict resolution process has failed to produce a final settlement due to the absence of a ripe moment, i.e. a mutually hurting stalemate, and mutually enticing opportunity, a winning formula, the political willingness, the particular quality of the Armenian and Azerbaijani political leaderships, as well as the presence of self-oriented mediators.
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8

Sirin, Esil. "The Nagorno-karabakh Conflict And The Armenian Foreign Policy:1988-2007." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609155/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyses the impact of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict on the foreign policy of Armenia. It could be claimed that Armenia&rsquo
s relations with the other countries have been shaped by the Nagorno-Karabakh problem. The thesis demonstrates that because of this conflict, Armenian foreign policy has become more dependent on Russia and the Armenian diaspora in Russia, France and the United States despite its desire to be an independent state. Although Levon Ter-Petrossian and Robert Kocharian have advocated different foreign policies, their actions have been similar due to the impact of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The thesis has six main chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. The second chapter explores history of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In the third chapter the Armenian foreign policy under Levon Ter-Petrossian is examined. The fourth chapter discusses the foreign policy of Robert Kocharian. In the fifth chapter the foreign policies of the Ter-Petrossian and Kocharian are compared. The sixth chapter is the conclusion.
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9

San, Hakan. "The ethnic dimension of alliance formation alignment patterns in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FSan.pdf.

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Анотація:
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision Making and Planning) )--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Siegel, Scott N. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-79). Also available in print.
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10

Efe, Almula. "The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict And Its Impact On The Relations Between Azerbaijan And Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615077/index.pdf.

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This thesis seeks to examine the relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey in terms of the role that the Nagorno Karabakh conflict plays in this relationship. The Nagorno Karabakh conflict, which is one of the long-lasting ethno-territorial conflicts in the region, continues to be the major issue-area for Azerbaijan&rsquo
s foreign policy. In this respect, Azerbaijan&rsquo
s relations with Turkey, as well as NATO, the United States and Russia could be understood better through an academic study of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict. Contrary to the views of some scholars who claim that the Nagorno Karabakh conflict has become relatively less important vis-à
-vis the economic and energy issues in the relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey, this thesis argues that the Nagorno Karabakh conflict still maintains its centrality in the relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey. The thesis has five chapters, including introduction and conclusion chapters: Chapter Two explores the evolution of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict during the Elchibey period, while the Chapter Three and Chapter Four discuss the impact of this conflict on Azerbaijan&rsquo
s relations with Turkey under Heidar and Ilham Aliyev periods respectively.
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Книги з теми "Karabakh conflict"

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Krüger, Heiko. The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14393-9.

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Yavuz, M. Hakan, and Michael M. Gunter. The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209.

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Yavuz, M. Hakan, and Michael M. Gunter. The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209.

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Basic facts about Karabakh conflict. Yerevan: Antares, 2009.

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5

Gasanov, Avaz. Karabakh obsuzhdaetsi︠a︡. Baku: Obshchestvo gumanitarnykh isssledovaniĭ, 2006.

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6

Zhirokhov, Mikhail. Karabakh: Zemli︠a︡ razdora. Kiev: Izdatelʹskiĭ dom "Rumb", 2009.

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7

Novruzoğlu, Rövşän. Karabakh: Uncontrolled zone--. Baku: Ozan, 2002.

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The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: A legal analysis. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

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I︠U︡nusov, Arif. Karabakh: Past and present. Baku: Turan Information Agency, 2005.

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German, Tracey C. Untangling the Karabakh knot. [Camberley, Surrey]: Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Conflict Studies Research Centre, 2005.

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Частини книг з теми "Karabakh conflict"

1

Imranli-Lowe, Kamala. "Karabakh." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 15–33. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209-3.

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Imranli-Lowe, Kamala. "Karabakh." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 15–33. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209-3.

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Mirzayev, Farhad. "The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 168–202. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209-11.

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Mirzayev, Farhad. "The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 168–202. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209-11.

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Babayev, Azer, Bruno Schoch, and Hans-Joachim Spanger. "Settling Ethno-Territorial Conflict." In The Nagorno-Karabakh deadlock, 39–70. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25199-4_3.

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Mehmet, Ozay. "The Nagorno-Karabakh War." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 420–37. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209-24.

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Mehmet, Ozay. "The Nagorno-Karabakh War." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 420–37. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209-24.

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Krüger, Heiko. "The territorial Status of Nagorno-Karabakh." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 1–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14393-9_1.

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Krüger, Heiko. "Involvement of the Republic of Armenia in the conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 93–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14393-9_2.

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Mahammadi, Mesiagha, and Vasif Huseynov. "Iran's Policies Toward the Karabakh Conflict." In The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict, 381–401. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003261209-22.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Karabakh conflict"

1

Hajiyeva, Dilara. "Liberation from the occupation of the territories of the Karabakh region of the Republic of Azerbaijan is an honorable period of our history." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-86-92.

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Анотація:
The Armenian emigrated to the Caucasus in XIX century always made unreasonable territorial claims and provoked conflicts in the region. Investigations based on the facts and arguments make it possible to determine specific features of some problems and processes and understand the essence. Unreasonable territory claims by Armenia caused the loss of 20% of Azerbaijan territory and the war with Azerbaijan in 90`s of last century. Azerbaijan army freed its territory occupated by Armenia despite of Armenian`s new territory claims and millitary retreats.
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2

Bocutoğlu, Ersan, and Emre Bulut. "An Investigation of Potential Effects of Opening of Turkish-Armenian Border on the Turkish and Armenian Economies." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00116.

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Анотація:
Turkish-Armenian border has been closed due to Nagorno-Karabagh question since 1993. The fact that the 20% of Azerbaijan territory is under Armenian invasion has prevented investigation of potential economic effects of Turkish-Armenian border on related parties so far from being a research agenda. In this study a descriptive approach is adopted since statistical data in hand is inappropriate for an econometric investigation. Long run advantages that an open border brings to Turkey are alternative highway, railway and pipeline routes to Caspian Sea basin and Central Asia while short run advantages are economic gains to Turkish border provinces and port cities connected with Armenia. The long run and short run benefits are vital for Armenia whose economy is agrarian, dependant heavily on foreign trade and foreign aids, experienced high transportation costs, unstable, poor and loosing population although the population data does not reflect the real situation. For Armenia, an open border means a direct territorial connection to European Union (EU), new employment opportunities, up to 23% fall in transportation costs, trans-border pipeline benefits, a flourished foreign trade, and increasing material well being. Consequently the opening of Turkish-Armenian border is strongly advised for it is beneficial to the related parties under the assumption that a resolution on Azeri-Armenian conflicts is reached
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3

Bulut, Cihan, Elchin Suleymanov, and Fakhri Hasanov. "Problems Encountered during the Transition to Market Economy in Azerbaijan and Solution Attempts." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00681.

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Анотація:
After re-gaining its independence on 18 October 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan started to transform to the market-based economy and to integrate into the world economy. The country’s oil and natural gas reserves have been considered the main source for financing range of government programs for reforms. On the one hand, these reserves had to be used effectively; on the other hand, there was a huge demand for foreign investment for extraction. To this end, Azerbaijan has signed “Contract of the Century” in 1994. Although Azerbaijan has wide oil and natural gas reserves, it has faced a number of difficulties in its transition way. This study analyzes these problems and reforms for solving them. One of the types of the problems were related to the economic structure of the former Soviet Union: disruption of the economic ties between the republics resulted in decline of production, high levels of unemployment and prices and consequently led to an economic recession in all of the republics. Another set of problems was related to lack of sufficient institutional bases to transform to the market economy. Moreover, internal conflicts between the political parties and groups for having authority as well as political chaos in the republic can be considered other serious problems during the transition period. Furthermore, Karabakh war and occupation of 20 percent of the Azerbaijani territory by the Armenian military forces had made the situation extremely complicated. Despite all of these extremes, Azerbaijan transformed to the market-based economy decidedly and even became one of the fast growing countries of the world. Even in 2006, with the GDP growth rate of 34.5 percent, Azerbaijan was a leader among growing economies. In parallel with this significant economic development, there is still a need for some socio-economic and institutional reforms in order to get a well-functioned market-based economy in Azerbaijan.
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