Готові списки джерел за темами / Kangaroo species

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Kangaroo species"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Kangaroo species"

Croft, David Benjamin, and Ingrid Witte. "The Perils of Being Populous: Control and Conservation of Abundant Kangaroo Species." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061753.

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Australia’s first people managed landscapes for kangaroo species as important elements of their diet, accoutrements and ceremony. This developed and persisted for about 65,000 years. The second wave of colonists from the United Kingdom, Ireland and many subsequent countries introduced familiar domesticated livestock and they have imposed their agricultural practices on the same landscapes since 1788. This heralded an ongoing era of management of kangaroos that are perceived as competitors to livestock and unwanted consumers of crops. Even so, a kangaroo image remains the iconic identifier of Australia. Kangaroo management is shrouded in dogma and propaganda and creates a tension along a loose rural–city divide. This divide is further dissected by the promotion of the consumption of kangaroo products as an ecological good marred by valid concerns about hygiene and animal welfare. In the last decade, the fervour to suppress and micro-manage populations of some kangaroo species has mounted. This includes suppression within protected areas that have generally been considered as safe havens. This review explores these tensions between the conservation of iconic and yet abundant wildlife, and conflict with people and the various interfaces at which they meet kangaroos.

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Webley, L. S., I. Beveridge, and G. Coulson. "Endoparasites of an insular subspecies of the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus." Australian Journal of Zoology 52, no. 6 (2004): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo04011.

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This study examined parasites occurring in the insular subspecies of the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus fuliginosus, from Kangaroo Island. A total of 25 kangaroos from three sites were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. Fifteen parasite species were identified: eight in the stomach, five in the small intestine and two in the large intestine. Parasite prevalence showed a bimodal distribution: 'satellite' species were predominantly cestodes, whereas 'core' species were nematodes. There was no evidence of co-speciation in the 12 parasite species occurring in both island and mainland western grey kangaroo subspecies. M. f. fuliginosus harboured fewer parasite species than M. f. melanops from the Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia. This might be related to parasite prevalence and the intensity of infection in the original population of kangaroos. Alternatively, it might be related to differing environmental conditions or to chance. Host switching was evident, with Cloacina kartana, which has been recorded as a common parasite of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, also occurring in some kangaroos.

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Descovich, Kris, Andrew Tribe, Ian J. McDonald, and Clive J. C. Phillips. "The eastern grey kangaroo: current management and future directions." Wildlife Research 43, no. 7 (2016): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16027.

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The eastern grey kangaroo is a common and iconic species of Australia. Its specialised behaviour and reproduction have evolved as adaptations to the Australian environment, allowing the species to survive and flourish, despite wide climatic and seasonal variations in habitat. Across its range, the eastern grey kangaroo is harvested and subjected to population management for a variety of reasons, including localised over-abundance, livestock competition, crop grazing, native habitat conservation, animal welfare and direct threats to human safety. Population management of kangaroos is most commonly undertaken by shooting, although other methods such as reproductive control, translocation and repellents may also contribute successfully to management. Kangaroo harvesting and population control are controversial and divisive, because the kangaroo is perceived as both a national icon and as a pest species. Although a limited number of surveys have been undertaken on attitudes towards kangaroos and their management, the socio-political aspects affecting these issues are yet to be systematically investigated. Within this review we discuss the relevance of culture and language to species management and conservation, as well as the importance of scrutiny of stakeholder perceptions, motivations and values. Future directions should examine human dimensions that influence kangaroo-management decisions and conservation. The following three key aspects are recommended as research and management priorities: (1) experimental determination of whether gaps exist between actual and perceived impacts of kangaroo populations, (2) empirical investigation of how stakeholder language, culture, identity and values influence perceptions of kangaroos and their management, and (3) where population control is determined to be necessary, an incorporation of stakeholder differences within decision making to ensure best outcomes for both species conservation and population management.

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Neave, HM, and MT Tanton. "The Effects of Grazing by Kangaroos and Rabbits on the Vegetation and the Habitat of Other Fauna in the Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, Australian Capital Territory." Wildlife Research 16, no. 3 (1989): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890337.

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Exclosures established in 1979 at 3 grassland sites in the Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve kept out kangaroos and rabbits, kangaroos only or rabbits only, at each site. The occurrence of some plant species changed over time in all treatments as a result of natural plant succession, but other changes were caused mainly by grazing by the grey kangaroo [Macropus giganteus]. The 3 sites were different floristically mainly in the percentage cover of Themeda australis, Bromus molliformis, Hypochoeris radicata and Trifolium spp. The frequency of occurrence of moss, Haloragis tetragyna, Rumex acetosella, B. molliformis and Trifolium spp. also differed between sites. Compared with ungrazed plots, exclosures grazed by kangaroos had decreased percentage cover of Glycine clandestina, Aira caryophyllea and Haloragis tetragyna whereas moss species increased. Bothriochloa macra, which occurred only at 1 site, increased on plots grazed by kangaroos and produced a significant site-treatment interaction. The plots grazed by kangaroos had increased frequency of occurrence of dicotyledonous seedlings, A. caryophyllea, Danthonia sp. and H. radicata. Since 1982-83, the frequency of occurrence of G. clandestina, Lomandra filiformis and Verbascum thapsus decreased where the grey kangaroo grazed. New species recorded in 1986, that appeared only in sites grazed by the grey kangaroo, included B. molliformis, Eriochilus cucullatus, Trifolium campestre, Luzula sp. and Silene gallica. Species such as Hibbertia obtusifolia, Plantago lanceolata, Lactuca serriola, Conyza bonariensis, Danthonia sp. and Hydrocotyle laxiflora were not present on plots grazed by the grey kangaroo. Height of Acrotriche serrulata, dicotyledonous seedlings, G. clandestina, H. laxiflora, Hypericum gramineum, H. radicata, L. filiformis, Poa sp., Sorghum leiocladum and T. australis was reduced markedly in plots grazed by the grey kangaroo, although grazing did not always appear to be the reason. The reduction in the height of the vegetation made the areas unsuitable for stubble quail (Coturnix pectoralis) and Richard's pipit (Anthus novaeseelandiae), and also affected certain invertebrates.

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Shima, Amy L., Lee Berger, and Lee F. Skerratt. "Conservation and health of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi)." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 1 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17030.

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Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) is an iconic species in far north Queensland yet little is known about its health or population status. Studies on this species have been conducted in a limited number of locations and focused primarily on ecology, habitat use and home-range size. The species is relatively common in the Atherton Tablelands but habitat loss, predation by domestic, feral and wild dogs, vehicle strike, low fecundity, and disease have been identified as threats to the population. We review knowledge of population ecology and threats for this species, and include a novel collation of disease reports on all tree-kangaroos with particular reference to Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo. Health of Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo appears to be impacted by the increase in humans and domestic animals in their range. There have been reports of melioidosis, toxoplasmosis, tick paralysis and blindness in wild tree-kangaroos. We identify where increased information on health and population viability will improve conservation and management of the species.

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Collins, D., and K. Menz. "An Economic Perspective to the Population Management of Commercially Harvested Kangaroos." Rangeland Journal 8, no. 2 (1986): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9860103.

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Both overseas and within Australia, the need for a commercial kangaroo industry is being questioned. Some groups believe that the larger kangaroo species presently being culled are under threat of extinction and that the pest status of kangaroos to agriculture is largely a myth. As the commercial kangaroo industry is export oriented, the imposition of import bans by overseas governments would significantly affect the viability of the industry. Also, agricultural producers who believe they bear the costs of maintaining kangaroo population are concerned that damage by kangaroos would become unacceptably high if their numbers were to go unchecked. The aim of this article is to put an economic perspective on the population management of commercially harvested kangaroos. The major groups in conflict are identified, along with their respective preferences regarding the appropriate level of the kangaroo population. The underlying reason for conflict, the common property characteristic of kangaroos, is examined, and an economic framework for reconciling these conflicts through population management presented. The lack of data on kangaroo numbers and the benefits and costs which various population levels have for the various interest groups remain a major impediment to quantifying an economic model for determining optimal population levels. An examination is made of relevant data and a national appraisal of the order of magnitude of kangaroo damages to agriculture is presented.

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Brunton, Elizabeth A., Sanjeev K. Srivastava, and Scott Burnett. "Spatial ecology of an urban eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) population: local decline driven by kangaroo–vehicle collisions." Wildlife Research 45, no. 8 (2018): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18077.

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Context As urban landscapes proliferate globally, the need for research into urban wildlife interactions is magnified. The eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) is a widespread species commonly involved in wildlife–vehicle collisions in urban areas in Australia. Despite the many urban kangaroo populations and associated conflicts with human activities, few studies have examined how eastern grey kangaroos interact with, and are affected by, the urban matrix. Aims The present study aimed to quantify kangaroo demography, movements, habitat utilisation and exposure to risks during a period of intensive urban development in a rapidly changing suburb located in a region undergoing high urban growth rates. Methods We utilised foot-based census surveys, global positioning system (GPS) collars, direct observations and reports of wildlife mortality between 2014 and 2016. Geographical information systems (GIS) were used to integrate GPS-tracking data with spatial layers, to quantify kangaroo movements and habitat utilisation. Key results The kangaroo population underwent a steep decline and kangaroo–vehicle collisions were the main source of mortality (73%) during the study period. Kangaroos were regularly exposed to the risk of injury, with roads intersecting many parts of their home range. Kangaroos showed positive habitat selection both for lawn and forest habitats and kangaroo movement and presence at the study site were influenced by high-quality forage and cover. Conclusions The present research has highlighted that despite areas of suitable habitat remaining, road-kill was a major contributor to localised kangaroo-population decline. We showed that habitat preferences of eastern grey kangaroos in this urban area were consistent with those in natural landscapes. Implications The present study is the first to implicate kangaroo–vehicle collisions as the major factor in population decline in kangaroos. These findings can be utilised to guide design and placement of kangaroo–vehicle collision mitigation and assist in planning of urban areas, particularly where kangaroo populations are in decline. Local extirpation of urban kangaroo populations would be greatly reduced by incorporating site-specific kangaroo habitat preferences and existing patterns of kangaroo habitat use in infrastructure planning. The study has contributed to our understanding of the effects of roads on urban wildlife in general and highlighted the importance of landscape permeability.

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Brunton, Elizabeth A., Sanjeev K. Srivastava, David S. Schoeman, and Scott Burnett. "Quantifying trends and predictors of decline in eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) populations in a rapidly urbanising landscape." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 1 (2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17034.

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Human population growth and the resultant expansion of urban landscapes are drivers of biodiversity loss globally. Impacts of urbanisation on wildlife are not well understood, although the importance of preserving biodiversity in urban areas is widely recognised. The eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), a common species of large macropod, can be found in high densities in many urban landscapes across Australia. South East Queensland is a subtropical region of Australia that has experienced high rates of urban expansion. Human population growth in the region has resulted in widespread changes to the landscape and much of the eastern grey kangaroo’s natural habitat has been modified. Declines in kangaroo populations have been anecdotally reported; however, the impact of urbanisation on kangaroo populations has not been quantified. This study used a modelling approach, collecting data from the community, and private and government organisations to: (1) map the current distribution of eastern grey kangaroos; (2) quantify trends in kangaroo abundance; and (3) identify anthropogenic drivers of changes in kangaroo abundance in the region. Of the kangaroo populations identified, 42% were reported to have undergone an overall decline in abundance since 2000. Higher human population growth rate and smaller area remaining under natural land use were predictors of kangaroo population declines. Further kangaroo declines can be anticipated in the region, particularly in areas with projected human population growth rates over 80% for the next decade. This study emphasises the importance of integrated urban development over large spatial extents to mitigate impacts of urbanisation on terrestrial mammals.

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Klöcker, Ulrike, David B. Croft, and Daniel Ramp. "Frequency and causes of kangaroo - vehicle collisions on an Australian outback highway." Wildlife Research 33, no. 1 (2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04066.

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Kangaroo–vehicle collisions are frequent on Australian highways. Despite high economic costs, detrimental effects on animal welfare, and potential impacts on population viability, little research has been done to investigate the impact of road mortality on kangaroo populations, where and why accidents occur, and how the collisions can be mitigated. We therefore collected data on species (Macropus rufus, M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus, M. robustus), sex and age of kangaroos killed on a 21.2-km bitumenised section of outback highway over 6 months in far western New South Wales, Australia. The spatial and temporal distribution of road-killed kangaroos was investigated in relation to the cover and quality of road-side vegetation, road characteristics, the density of kangaroos along the road, climatic variables and traffic volume. A total of 125 kangaroos were found killed on the road at a rate of 0.03 deaths km–1 day–1. Grey kangaroos of two species (M. giganteus, M. fuliginosus) were under-represented in the road-kill sample in comparison with their proportion in the source population estimated during the day. No bias towards either sex was found. The age structure of road-killed kangaroos was similar to age structures typical of source kangaroo populations. Road-kills mainly occurred in open plains country. In road sections with curves or stock races, road-kill frequencies were higher than expected. Greater cover and greenness of roadside vegetation at the verge probably attracted kangaroos to the road and variation in this vegetation affected the spatial distribution of road-kills. The temporal distribution of road-kills was positively correlated with the volume of night-time traffic. The probability of a kangaroo–vehicle collision increased exponentially with traffic volume. Results are discussed in relation to the potential for mitigation of kangaroo–vehicle collisions.

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Thomsen, D. A., and J. Davies. "Social and cultural dimensions of commercial kangaroo harvest in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 10 (2005): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03248.

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Kangaroo management is important to the sustainability of Australia’s rangeland landscapes. The commercial harvest of kangaroos assists in reduction of total grazing pressure in the rangelands and provides the potential for supplementary income to pastoralists. Indeed, the commercial kangaroo industry is considered by natural resource scientists as one of the few rural industry development options with potential to provide economic return with minimal environmental impact. While the biology and population ecology of harvested kangaroo species in Australia is the subject of past and present research, the social, institutional and economic issues pertinent to the commercial kangaroo industry are not well understood. Our research is addressing the lack of understanding of social issues around kangaroo management, which are emerging as constraints on industry development. The non-indigenous stakeholders in kangaroo harvest are landholders, regional management authorities, government conservation and primary production agencies, meat processors, marketers and field processors (shooters) and these industry players generally have little understanding of what issues the commercial harvest of kangaroos presents to Aboriginal people. Consequently, the perspectives and aspirations of Aboriginal people regarding the commercial harvest of kangaroos are not well considered in management, industry development and planning. For Aboriginal people, kangaroos have subsistence, economic and cultural values and while these values and perspectives vary between language groups and individuals, there is potential to address indigenous issues by including Aboriginal people in various aspects of kangaroo management. This research also examines the Aboriginal interface with commercial kangaroo harvest, and by working with Aboriginal people and groups is exploring several options for greater industry involvement. The promotion of better understandings between indigenous and non-indigenous people with interests in kangaroo management could promote industry development through the marketing of kangaroo as not only clean and green, but also as a socially just product.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Kangaroo species"

Klövekorn, Henning Andreas. "Endangered bird species in South Australia : are current recovery practices for the Orange-bellied parrot and Kangaroo Island glossy black cockatoo succeeding? /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envk66.pdf.

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Hargett, Allison Christen. "Fecal testosterone and corticosterone levels in relation to dominance in an asocial species, Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1440933.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006.
"December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-27). Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

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Phillips, Samantha Elizabeth. "Composition of the Community of Small Mammals in the Great Basin Desert." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6961.

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Small mammals are a keystone guild in arid ecosystems; often exhibiting top-down control of the diversity and structure of plant communities. However, changing climate, shifting fire regimes, and the invasion of exotic plants are modifying the structure of arid systems. Environmental changes in these arid systems are likely altering small mammal communities, and therefore, their ecological role. We examined two aspects of the community composition of small mammals in the Great Basin: changes in community composition since large scale sampling of the region began in 1930, and the current population of a sensitive species of small mammal, the dark kangaroo mouse (Microdipodops megacephalus). In Chapter 1, we compared diversity and composition of present day small mammal communities to communities sampled between the years of 1930 and 1980. We sampled 234 historical locations across the eastern Great Basin region during the summers of 2014 and 2015. Our results indicated that diversity, richness, and evenness of small mammals in the Great Basin have declined significantly over the last century (P=0.002, P=0.03, P=0.002). The relative abundance of generalist species has increased, while specialist species have declined (P<0.001, P<0.001). Also, community composition at each site has changed significantly over the past century. Alterations in the community structure of small mammals may have cascading implications for the future of the Great Basin ecoregion. In Chapter 2, we conducted a region-wide survey for the dark kangaroo mouse in western Utah. Four teams sampled 232 locations across western Utah during the summers of 2014-2015. Of the 232 sites sampled, only 5 sites resulted in dark kangaroo mouse captures, totaling 15 individuals. These results could indicate a state-wide population decline for this species, both compared to historic population levels and to the populations surveyed less than ten years ago. The rapid decline may be a result of habitat degradation associated with invasive plant species and increasing fire frequency, the effects of which are exacerbated by the dark kangaroo mouse's life history as an ecological specialist. Unless large-scale habitat restoration and preservation is conducted for remaining populations, it is likely the dark kangaroo mouse will continue to decline within the state.

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Shaw, Denice Marie 1958. "Applications of GIS and Remote Sensing for the Characterization of Habitat for Threatened and Endangered Species." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798113/.

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing technologies were used to identify and describe potential habitat for three species endemic to the Southwestern United States; the Golden-cheeked Warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia), the Black-capped Vireo (Vireo atricapillus), and the Texas kangaroo rat (Dipodomys elator). For each species, the computerized classification of digital satellite imagery was integrated with ancillary spatial information (e.g. soils, geology, and land use) to construct a data base to be used for ecological evaluation as well as habitat protection and management measures.

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Haug, Ashley Sagers. "Diversity and Abundance of the Dark Kangaroo Mouse, Microdipodops megacephalus, in Communities of Nocturnal Granivorous Rodents in Western North America." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2404.

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The dark kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops megacephalus, is a sensitive species in the Great Basin Desert. This thesis explores the structure of desert rodent communities of the Great Basin to better understand M. megacephalus' place in the community and the conditions that promote large and stable populations. To determine community structure, I used nestedness analysis to evaluate 99 communities of nocturnal granivorous rodents. I found that the community structure was non-random, indicating the existence of assembly rules and ecological constraints. I also found that M. megacephalus was the second most vulnerable species in the community. To explore the correlation between species diversity and relative abundance, I performed regression analyses on M. megacephalus and five commonly co-occurring species of the nocturnal granivore guild: Perognathus longimembris (little pocket mouse), Perognathus parvus (Great Basin pocket mouse), Dipodomys ordii (Ord's kangaroo rat), Dipodomys microps (chisel-toothed kangaroo rat), and Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse). Results showed a positive correlation between rodent species diversity and relative abundance for M. megacephalus, P. longimembris, P. parvus, and D. microps, and a negative correlation for D. ordii and P. maniculatus. To further understand community composition, I ran interspecific association analyses based on presence-absence data for the six species using chi-square to determine strength of interspecific associations. I found positive interspecific associations between M. megacephalus and P. parvus, between P. longimembris and P. parvus, between P. longimembris and D. microps, and between D. microps and P. maniculatus, and a negative association between P. longimembris and P. maniculatus. A species cluster dendogram with respect to sites in common further supports the interspecific association results. A site cluster dendogram with respect to species abundances implies that dune habitat promotes diversity but not uniformity. All results indicate that M. megacephalus is more abundant and stable at sites with high species richness. The results also provide evidence for the existence of assembly rules, competition, and niche partitioning in desert rodent communities.

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Wolf, Isabelle Diana Felicitas Gudula Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Towards sustainable tourism in outback Australia: the behaviour and impact of nature-based tourists on vegetation and selected wildlife species." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44572.

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Nature-based tourism offers significant socio-economic incentives to successfully replace more intrusive land uses but also causes negative environmental impacts. Currently, knowledge is needed about the effectiveness of specific management actions such as the provision of different access modes and tour experiences at minimizing these impacts while maximizing visitor satisfaction. Nature-based tourism activities were studied in the species-rich gorges of the Flinders Ranges in Outback Australia. This study developed a conceptual framework of visitor-environment relationships, constructed a regional visitor profile, assessed visitor monitoring methods to quantify usage intensity in relation to the access mode (roads vs. hiking trails), examined changes in vegetation and bird communities in relation to usage intensity and access mode, tested effects of approach behaviour among driving vs. hiking tourists on kangaroo behaviour, and designed a framework for a night-time wildlife tour. The usage intensity of gorge sections was best determined from visitor numbers stratified by their behaviour, as the access mode fundamentally changed visitor behaviour in gorges. High compared to low usage recreational tracks altered species community composition, decreased total plant cover, increased non-native species cover, increased or decreased plant diversity depending on the track distance, increased soil compaction, and decreased bird numbers and species richness. Vegetation changes had secondary aversive effects on the bird community. The magnitude and spatial extent of these community impacts were greater along roads than trails. Visitor approach towards kangaroos varied with the access mode and necessitated individual recommendations for low-impact behaviour. The optimal night-time observation tour employed night-vision devices and bat detectors and coupled visitor satisfaction with low impact on wildlife. A range of factors (e.g., weather conditions) moderated the susceptibility of the wildlife to tourism disturbance. To protect wildlife and habitat along recreational tracks in arid-lands gorges, it is recommended to (1) monitor usage intensity and the identified impact indicators within their effect zone, (2) curtail gorge usage by restricting vehicle access to sections and regulating high impact activities (e.g., wild camping), (3) base environmental education upon scientifically tested low-impact visitor behaviour, and (4) engage with tourism operators in the design of low-impact, yet satisfying tours based on scientific principles.

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Pavlovitch, S. C. "The isotopic composition of kangaroo teeth as a tracer of migration and a forensic tool." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/123527.

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This item is only available electronically.
Isotopic analysis of dental and bone tissues can be used to reveal movement and diet in animals. However, the suitability of these methods for tracing migration in an Australian animal has not yet been demonstrated. In this pilot study Sr, C and O isotope profiles were created from 31 individuals selected from four species of kangaroos in South Australia (Macropus rufus, M. fuliginosus, M. giganteous and M. robustus). Primarily, enamel from fourth molars and bone apatite were sampled to document isotopic changes in individuals between the formation of the tissues in the tooth and bone. Variations in the strontium (87Sr/86Sr), carbon (13C) and oxygen (18O) isotopes were used to assess movement of kangaroos across local geological and environmental conditions. Five individuals displayed a marked difference between enamel and bone apatite isotopic composition, indicating movement between distinct geological and environmental regions. The implications of this study to migration reconstruction in the past are discussed
Thesis (B.Sc.(Hons)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2009

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Klövekorn, Henning Andreas. "Endangered bird species in South Australia : are current recovery practices for the Orange-bellied parrot and Kangaroo Island glossy black cockatoo succeeding?" 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envk66.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 108-113. This dissertation givens and analytical overview of the research and recovery actions for the Orange-bellied Parrot and the Kangaroo Island Glossy Black-Cockatoo and evaluates the successful practices and those which have failed. This research shows that new recovery action initiatives can still be found and that not all recommendations in recovery plans are followed, which impairs the efficiency of the recovery efforts. It concludes that a successful recovery effort of these two bird species lies in continued research, a serious compliance with the recommendations made by recovery plans and by further environmental education in society.

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Foster, Claire Nicole. "The interactive effects of fire and herbivory on understorey vegetation and its dependent fauna." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/101192.

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Interactions between multiple disturbances have been shown to have unexpected, and often undesirable effects on ecosystems and biodiversity. Improving our ability to predict and manage the outcomes of multiple disturbances is therefore an important research priority. In this thesis, I focused on the interaction between fire and grazing (or browsing) by large herbivores. Evidence of the individual effects of fire and large herbivores is substantial, but there has been little quantitative synthesis of the effects of native herbivores on biodiversity. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, I found that high densities of large herbivores usually have negative effects on other animals. However, I found that interactions between large herbivores and episodic disturbances, such as fire, remain poorly understood. I therefore designed a field experiment to test the interactive effects of prescribed fire and large herbivores on forest flora and fauna. I used full and partial exclosure fences to create a gradient of herbivore pressure across both burnt and unburnt sites, and measured the responses of vegetation, spiders and small vertebrates. I found that fire and herbivory interacted strongly to affect vegetation, with herbivory limiting the recovery of vegetation from fire. In contrast to the vegetation response, small vertebrates responded to the individual, but not interactive effects of disturbance. I then focused on the mechanisms driving interactive effects on vegetation, and found that the interaction occurred through both numerically mediated (concentration of herbivores in burnt sites) and functionally moderated (stronger effect of herbivores post-fire) pathways. The differing responses of plants and animals to fire and herbivory was at odds with existing literature, where the effects of large herbivores on fauna are usually attributed to vegetation changes. I therefore tested to what extent vegetation mediated the effects of fire and herbivory on web-building spiders – a group sensitive to changes in habitat structure. Vegetation structure partially mediated the negative effect of fire on spider density, while negative effects of large herbivores on spiders were mostly independent of vegetation. Different x types of web builders differed in their responses, resulting in important changes to the spider community following disturbance. The results of my experiments highlight the importance of focusing on mechanistic pathways for understanding and managing disturbance interactions. However, in reviewing recently published fire-grazing studies, I found that most reported only net effects of interactions. I demonstrate how by failing to identify mechanistic pathways, or non-linear effects, such studies are limited in their management applications. I describe adjustments to disturbance interaction studies that would improve their ability to inform effective management and advance theory. Collectively, my research shows that fire and large herbivores can have strong interactive effects on forested ecosystems and their associated biota, and highlights the importance of considering large herbivores in forest fire planning. It also demonstrates the value of a mechanistic understanding of interactions for the management of disturbance regimes. Such considerations are of broad relevance to the management of multiple disturbances, particularly in the context of increasing global change.

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Книги з теми "Kangaroo species"

Gummer, David L. Distribution of Ord's kangaroo rats in southeastern Alberta. Edmonton: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 2003.

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Bender, Darren J. Translocation protocol for the Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodmys ordii). Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Environment, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, 2010.

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Bender, Darren J. Monitoring protocol for the Ord's kangaroo rat. Edmonton: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, 2007.

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Kissner, Kelley J. Beneficial management practices for Ord's kangaroo rat in Alberta. Edmonton: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish & Wildlife Division, Species At Risk, 2009.

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Gummer, David L. Status of the Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) in Alberta. [Edmonton]: Alberta Environmental Protection, Wildlife Management Division, Status and Surveys Branch, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Endangered species act: Information on species protection on nonfederal lands: report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Endangered Species Act: Information on species protection on nonfederal lands : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1994.

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Bender, Darren J. An occurrence-based habitat model for the Ord's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) in Alberta. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, 2010.

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The flying kangaroo, an endangered species?: An economic perspective of Australian international civil aviation policy. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1985.

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Office, General Accounting. Endangered Species Act: Impact of species protection efforts on the 1993 California fire : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Kangaroo species"

Spiegel, Nicole B., and Paul L. Greenwood. "Meat Production from Wild Kangaroo: The Species, Industry, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality Traits." In More than Beef, Pork and Chicken – The Production, Processing, and Quality Traits of Other Sources of Meat for Human Diet, 347–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05484-7_12.

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Andrews, D. F., and A. M. Herzberg. "The Classification of Three Historical Specimens of Grey Kangaroos." In Springer Series in Statistics, 307–17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5098-2_54.

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Needham, T., and L. C. Hoffman. "Chapter 8: Species destined for non-traditional meat production: 1. African game species, cervids, ostriches, crocodiles and kangaroos." In Preslaughter handling and slaughter of meat animals, 313–47. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-924-4_8.

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"Bird Species." In Birds of Kangaroo Island, 26–559. ATF Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpb3vwx.12.

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Mitchell, Peter. "Introducing Horse Nations." In Horse Nations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198703839.003.0006.

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Hidden by rocks near a waterhole in Australia’s desert interior an Aboriginal woman and her children catch their first sight of the shockingly large animal of which they have previously only heard: the newcomer’s kangaroo. Thousands of kilometres to the west and high in southern Africa’s mountains a shaman completes the painting of an animal that does not exist, horned at the front, bushy tail at the rear, a composite of two species, one long familiar, the other new. Across the Atlantic Ocean on the grasslands of Patagonia the burial of an Aónik’enk leader is in its final stages, four of his favourite possessions killed above the grave to ensure his swift passage to the afterlife. To the north in what Americans of European descent call New Mexico, Diné warriors chant the sacred songs that ensure their pursuers will not catch them and that they will return safely home. And on the wintry plains of what is not yet Alberta, Siksikáwa hunters charge into one of the last bison herds they will harvest before the snows bring this year’s hunting to an end. Two things unite these very different scenes. First, though we cannot be sure, the historical, ethnographic, and archaeological sources on which they are based allow for them all happening on precisely the same day, sometime in the 1860s. Second, all concern people’s relationship with one and the same animal—pindi nanto, karkan, kawoi, ∤íí’, ponokáómita·wa—the animal that English speakers know as ‘horse’. And that simple fact provides the basis for this book. For, before 1492, horses were confined to the Old World—Europe, Asia, and Africa north of the tropical rainforests and a line reaching east through South Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia to the sea. They were wholly unknown in Australasia, the Americas, or southern Africa. As a result, the relationships implied by the vignettes I have just sketched, as well as those involving Indigenous populations in Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, Mexico, South Africa, and New Zealand, evolved quickly. And they were still evolving when these societies were finally overwhelmed by European colonization.

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Chen, C. Julian. "Mechanical Design." In Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, 329–42. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856559.003.0013.

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This chapter discusses various mechanical designs for STM and AFM. The central piece of the mechanical design of STM and AFM is the course positioner. Therefore, various types of course positioners are also discussed. The louse and the pocket-size STM are discussed first. It is of significant historical importance but no longer popular today. The single-tube STM has a very simple mechanical structure, and still the basis of the most popular commercial STM and AFM. The Besocke-type or the beetles is very popular among builders of special-purpose STM due its immunity to temperature variation and vibration. For STM requiring superb stability, the walker and the kangaroo are the preferred design. The commercial nanostepper, the Inchworm, is described. It has been successfully used by many designers of special-purpose STM.

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"The report recognized the need to minimize disturbance of fauna and flora and suggested that ‘swimmer’s itch’, caused by avian schistosome cercariae, and mosquito-borne viruses should be investigated. Because the 26 km northern boundary, e.g. Big Bay, Antill Creek, had steeper foreshores and deeper water, it was recommended as a primary site for public access. The 7 km western boundary formed by the dam wall was seen as ideal for viewing opportunities of the lake and surrounding hills and mountains, and for water sports. Because of inaccessibility, potential management difficulties and shallowness, the 47 km southern and eastern margins did not offer significant recreational opportunities. 9.3 Tropical itch mite The stage 1 lake was surrounded with open schlerophyll woodland which afforded kangaroos and wallabies shelter during the hottest times of the day. Part of their exoparasitic fauna is the mite Eutrombicula macropus, whose offspring spend part of their life-cycle hanging off grass stems and other vegetative matter waiting to encounter a new host. Much to their misfortune, campers and bushwalkers consequently often find themselves with an itchy rash called ‘tropical itch’, often around the lines of underclothing. Prior to the filling of the stage 2 lake, the land in the zone between the stage 1 and stage 2 margins was selectively cleared. This probably diverted the macro-pods to other wooded habitat. From November 1990 to 1992, 350 litter samples were processed using Berlese funnels and 40 W incandescent bulbs to drive any inhabitants into sample bottles containing 70 per cent alcohol. No Eutrombicula macropus were collected. Thus clearing would seem to present an effective management option against this pest, as well as having the other benefits detailed below. 9.4 Mosquitoes and arboviruses 9.4.1 Mosquitoes From April 1984 to September 1985 (stage 1), the primary questions related to definition of mosquito taxa and the suitability of different methods of catching adult mosquitoes for surveillance purposes. Twenty-six taxa were collected by all night carbon dioxide supplemented light traps or by human bait collections for one hour after sunset (Barker-Hudson et al. 1993; Jones et al. 1991). The numerically dominant species were Culex annulirostris and Anopheles annulipes (both species groups), which are traditionally associated with temporary fresh water pools along the lake margins, often among emergent vegetation. Of considerable surprise during September 1985 was the discovery of immatures of these species, plus Aedeomyia catasticta, utilizing extensive floating mats of the aquatic weed Hydrilla verticillata which sometimes covered 37 per cent of the surface of the lake." In Water Resources, 142. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-30.

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"As an adjunct to this, egg masses of Austropeplea were hatched out and reared in constant temperature rooms at 15°C, 25°C and 30°C with weekly changes of water and vegetation (Figure 9.5). Shell length was measured weekly until time of reproduction. At 15°C the snails grew slower but lived longer, but at 25°C and 30°C, there was little difference in growth rates, although those at 25°C were marginally larger at equivalent periods. Although water temperatures at the Ross River dam do occasionally drop to 16°C on occasions, generally they average 25–28°C (Hurley et al. 1995). Thus from this, an Austropeplea of 12 mm shell length collected during summer will be around one month old and capable of reproducing. One of 20 mm at either 25°C or 30°C water temperature would be approximately 100 days old. On this basis, it is suggested that monitoring could be comfortably done every two to three months. 9.6 Management options 9.6.1 General conclusions There are several other lakes, man-made or otherwise in northern Queensland, that support diverse recreational activities without apparent mishap. All are subjected to tropical conditions conducive to year round production of mosquitoes, snails, mites and pathogens. What is different about the Ross River dam stage 2A is its shallowness and proximity to large human populations. Nevertheless, the studies carried out in two blocks (1983–1987 and 1990–1995) have defined its mosquito and alphavirus hazard as considerable but no greater in the northern and north-eastern areas of Big Bay, Ti-Tree Bay, Round Island and Antill Creek than that experienced by local residents in everyday life. The relative hazard would change considerably, however, if the responsible local authorities ever decided to mount a broadscale aerial control programme against larval Aedes vigilax, which breed in the extensive intertidal wetlands. Restriction of activities to daylight hours will not only facilitate easier control of the public but will also reduce exposure to key vector species such as Culex annulirostris, Anopheles amictus and Aedes normanensis. However, who takes the responsibility for an estimated 5 billion mosquito larvae found periodically in the floating Hydrilla beds? As discussed, both Culex annulirostris and Anopheles annulipes are quite capable of dispersing from the reservoir into the urban populace. Recreational management issues are probably far less complicated than the moral issues. Whereas land clearance prior to the flooding of the stage 2A lake was effective in controlling tropical itch mites and some mosquito species, it also probably effected a redistribution of the kangaroos and wallabies, known to be most effective intermediate hosts of some arboviruses, including Ross River and the often fatal Murray Valley encephalitis. They have probably been driven towards the quieter eastern areas around Toonpan, where in 1992 Ross River virus was detected in wet season Aedes normanensis at rates as low as 1:217." In Water Resources, 151. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-38.

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