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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Joint power"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Joint power"

TANIGUCHI, Katsunori. "PCC : IEEJ/IEEE Joint IAS Power Conversion Conference." Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 136, no. 4 (2016): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.136.214.

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Wang, Bo, Kailin Pan, Yubing Gong, Yuhong Long, and Kai Shi. "Effect of ultrasonic power on wettability, porosity and mechanical properties of ultrasonic-aided laser reflow soldering." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 05 (February 2, 2021): 2150063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221500636.

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Wettability, porosity and mechanical properties of ultrasonic-aided laser reflow soldering lead-free solder Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) on Cu pad have been investigated at ultrasonic vibration (USV) of different power. The parameters of laser reflow soldering are determined by the wetting experiment, and the effects of different ultrasonic powers on the performance of the solder joint are studied. Results showed that USV can improve wettability without keyholes on top of the solder joint, and the contact angle between the solder joint and the substrate decreases first and then increases as the ultrasonic power increases. The cavitation effect caused by USV effectively reduces the porosity of the solder joints. When the ultrasonic power is 225 W, the porosity of the solder joint is reduced from the initial 13.2% to 5.2%. Through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis of the solder joint matrix, all solder joints have diffraction peaks of [Formula: see text]-Sn, Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn, and the solder joints show higher diffraction peak intensity with USV treated. Furthermore, the solder joints prepared by ultrasonic-aided laser reflow soldering show better shear strength compared with laser reflow soldering.

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Zhao, Ying Na, Jia Chen Liu, Hai Xu, and Wen Li Zhang. "Microwave Joining 95-Al₂O₃ Ceramics Used Al-Si Alloy as Interlayer." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1313.

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Absorber-microwave material Al-Si alloy powder was used as interlayer to join the 95-Al2O3ceramics. The behaviors curves of time-temperature for Al-Si alloy interlayer and 95-Al2O3ceramics at different microwave power were researched. The interlayer morphology of the joints region was characterized by SEM and the element and phase components were analyzed by EDX and XRD. The results indicated that the loact heating around 95-Al2O3ceramics could be achieved by microwave sintering. The joint interfaces of Al-Si/95-Al2O3formed at microwave 2KW/20min→0KW and the joint mechanism of 95-Al2O3ceramics was transient liquid phase diffusion bond.

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He, Dajiang, Bohan Liu, Zhenwu Wang, You Shu, and Minghui Liu. "Study on Fault Optimization of Intermediate Joint of Power Cable." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012025.

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Abstract Cable joints are often prone to failure due to loose contact, small contact area and increased contact resistance, resulting in obvious heating. In the existing cable emergency repair work, the cable joints of the original section of the cable and the access end are made on site. Due to the long production time, the emergency repair speed is reduced. Therefore, this paper studies the connection mode of the new cable joint to make the contact between conductors more sufficient and the contact resistance smaller, and designs a scheme of three-phase cable plug-in intermediate joint with high safety and simple installation; at the position of cable joint, three kinds of flexible conductive polymer materials suitable for joint connection are proposed to be used at the contact gap between conductor and conductor, conductor and conductor sleeve, so as to make close contact, reduce contact resistance and further reduce the incidence of cable joint failure.

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McDaniel, John, N. Scott Behjani, Steven J. Elmer, Nicholas A. T. Brown, and James C. Martin. "Joint-Specific Power-Pedaling Rate Relationships During Maximal Cycling." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 3 (June 2014): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0246.

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Previous authors have reported power-pedaling rate relationships for maximal cycling. However, the joint-specific power-pedaling rate relationships that contribute to pedal power have not been reported. We determined absolute and relative contributions of joint-specific powers to pedal power across a range of pedaling rates during maximal cycling. Ten cyclists performed maximal 3 s cycling trials at 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 rpm. Joint-specific powers were averaged over complete pedal cycles, and extension and flexion actions. Effects of pedaling rate on relative joint-specific power, velocity, and excursion were assessed with regression analyses and repeated-measures ANOVA. Relative ankle plantar flexion power (25 to 8%;P= .01;R2= .90) decreased with increasing pedaling rate, whereas relative hip extension power (41 to 59%;P< .01;R2= .92) and knee flexion power (34 to 49%;P< .01;R2= .94) increased with increasing pedaling rate. Knee extension powers did not differ across pedaling rates. Ankle joint angular excursion decreased with increasing pedaling rate (48 to 20 deg) whereas hip joint excursion increased (42 to 48 deg). These results demonstrate that the often-reported quadratic power-pedaling rate relationship arises from combined effects of dissimilar joint-specific power-pedaling rate relationships. These dissimilar relationships are likely influenced by musculoskeletal constraints (ie, muscle architecture, morphology) and/or motor control strategies.

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Dobney, J. A., M. R. Owen, G. R. Colborne, and N. J. Burton. "Joint angle, moment and power compensations in dogs with fragmented medial coronoid process." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 21, no. 02 (2008): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-07-04-0038.

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SummaryFragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) is the most common cause of forelimb lameness in juvenile medium and large breed dogs; however methods of assessing the disruption to their gait remain subjective. The purpose of this study was to objectively quantify the mechanical disruptions to gait in dogs with arthroscopically confirmed unilateral FMCP. Seven dogs underwent full inverse dynamic analysis at the time of diagnosis. Kinematic and force data were collected from both forelimbs at trot. Stance phase joint angles, net joint moments and net joint powers were calculated using custom software. There were gross differences in kinetic and kinematic patterns between FMCP affected and compensating forelimbs. Stance time was 0.24 sec on the lame side and 0.26 sec on the compensating side. The shoulder and the elbow were more flexed at ground contact, and elbow, carpal and MCP joints had smaller ranges of motion on the lame side. Net joint moments were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the elbow, carpal and MCP joints of the FMCP affected limb. Net joint powers were likewise significantly smaller (P<0.05). However, the overall moment and power patterns persisted. Total limb support moment was significantly smaller on the affected side (P<0.05). Total limb power was significantly reduced on the affected side (P<0.05) being most affected in its propulsive phase in the second half of stance. Inverse dynamic analysis of this clinical condition is an objective means by which to assess the mechanical disruption to gait.

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Lyons, Samuel M., Jeffery J. Morgan, Salinda K. Chan, and Emily A. Kraus. "Altered Joint Powers During Running After Tibial Bone Stress Injury." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 5_suppl2 (May 1, 2022): 2325967121S0049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00493.

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Background: Tibial bone stress injuries (tib-BSI) are common in adolescent runners. Previous research has examined running mechanics as possible risk factors for tib-BSI’s and implications have been observed for both kinematic and kinetic measures. Combining these measures to examine power absorption and production of the lower extremity can provide context on mechanical differences in individuals with a history of tib-BSI. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine total limb power and percent joint contribution in healthy adolescent runners compared to peers with a history of tib-BSI. It was hypothesized that runners with a history of tib-BSI would have a greater contribution of power production and absorption at the ankle, and less at the hip and knee joints, with no difference in total power. Methods: Twenty-six runners were divided into groups: history of tib-BSI (n=14; male=10, female=4; age=16±2) and healthy controls (n=12; male=5, female=7; age=18±7). Data were collected using 3D motion capture with embedded force plates during overground running at self-selected pace. Total limb power and percent joint contribution were calculated from joint work. Positive and negative joint work was summed from the integrations of the joint power-time curve in each plane. Joint work was divided by step-time to obtain total joint power. Joint powers for the hip, knee, and ankle were summed to determine total limb power and percentage of limb power was calculated for each joint. Variables were grouped by control limb (CON), uninvolved limb (UNI), and involved limb (BSI). Both limbs in the healthy controls were averaged to generate the CON group. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the variables of limb and joint power. Results: There were no significant differences between BSI and UNI limbs for any variables measured. The CON group exhibited significantly greater hip negative power compared to the BSI group (p=0.047), and significantly less ankle negative power compared to the BSI (p=0.001) and UNI groups (p=0.002). Despite a significant difference in total positive power between groups (p=0.04), there were no differences in joint positive power. Variables are presented in Table 1. Conclusion: This study is preliminary evidence that adolescent runners with a history of tib-BSI can present with adaptations in running mechanics that are not limited to the injured leg. Negative power may be more sensitive to change with the ankle increasing its contribution, comparatively. Clinicians and researchers should be aware of this adaptation after injury as it may influence treatment.

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Višniakov, Nikolaj, Jelena Škamat, Olegas Černašėjus, and Artūras Kilikevičius. "Flash Welding of Microcomposite Wires for Pulsed Power Applications." Metals 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081053.

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This paper presents the experimental results of Cu-Nb wire joining upon applying flash welding technology. The present research is aimed at investigating the structure, electrical and mechanical properties of butt welding joints of Cu-Nb conductors, usable for coils of pulsed magnetic systems. The butt joint structure was found to be free of welding defects. The structure of the butt welded joint provides an insignificant increase in electrical resistance and sufficient ultimate strength and plasticity of the joint. The tensile strength of the welded sample reaches 630 MPa.

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Topete, Martha, Nathan Betancourt, and Flore Bridoux. "Position Power and Joint Creativity." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (August 2021): 10023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.10023abstract.

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Reuvid, J. "Power to the joint venture." Engineering & Technology 3, no. 3 (February 23, 2008): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et:20080321.

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Дисертації з теми "Joint power"

Khojastehnia, Mahdi. "Massive MIMO Channels Under the Joint Power Constraints." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39992.

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Massive MIMO has been recognized as a key technology for 5G systems due to its high spectral efficiency. The capacity and optimal signaling for a MIMO channel under the total power constraint (TPC) are well-known and can be obtained by the water-filling (WF) procedure. However, much less is known about optimal signaling under the per-antenna power constraint constraint (PAC) or under the joint power constraints (TPC+PAC). In this thesis, we consider a massive MIMO Gaussian channel under favorable propagation (FP) and obtain the optimal transmit covariance under the joint constraints. The effect of the joint constraints on the optimal power allocation (OPA) is shown. While it has some similarities to the standard WF, it also has number of notable differences. The numbers of active streams and active PACs are obtained, and a closed-form expression for the optimal dual variable is given. A capped water-filling interpretation of the OPA is given, which is similar to the standard WF, where a container has both floor and ceiling profiles. An iterative water-filling algorithm is proposed to find the OPA under the joint constraints, and its convergence to the OPA is proven. The robustness of optimal signaling under FP is demonstrated in which it becomes nearly optimal for a nearly favorable propagation channel. An upper bound of the sub-optimality gap is given which characterizes nearly (or eps)-favorable propagation. This upper bound quantifies how close the channel is to the FP. A bisection algorithm is developed to numerically compute the optimal dual variable. Newton-barrier and Monte-Carlo algorithms are developed to find the optimal signaling under the joint constraints for an arbitrary channel, not necessarily for a favorable propagation channel. When the diagonal entries of the channel Gram matrix are fixed, it is shown that a favorable propagation channel is not necessarily the best among all possible propagation scenarios capacity-wise. We further show that the main theorems in [1] on favorable propagation are not correct in general. To make their conclusions valid, some modifications as well as additional assumptions are needed, which are given here.

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Liu, Xingsheng. "Processing and Reliability Assessment of Solder Joint Interconnection for Power Chips." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26691.

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Circuit assembly and packaging technologies for power electronics have not kept pace with those for digital electronics. Inside those packaged power devices as well as the state-of-the-art power modules, interconnection of power chips is accomplished with wirebonds. Wirebonds in power devices and modules are prone to resistance, noise, parasitic oscillations, fatigue and eventual failure. Furthermore, there has been an increase demand for higher power density and better efficiency for power converters. Power semiconductor suppliers have been concentrating on improving device structure, density, and process technology to lower the on-resistance of MOSFETs and voltage drop of IGBTs. Recent advances made in power semiconductor technology are pushing packaging technology to the limits for performance of these power systems since the resistance and parasitics contribution by the package and the wirebonds are roughly the same as that on the silicon. In recent years, an integrated systems approach to standardizing power electronics components and packaging techniques in the form of power electronics building blocks has emerged as a new concept in the area of power electronics. As a result, it has been envisioned that the packaging of three-dimensional high-density multichip modules (MCMs) can meet the requirement for future power electronics systems. However, the conventional wirebond interconnected power devices are excluded from three-dimensional MCMs because of their large size, limited thermal management, and incompatible processing techniques. On the other hand, advanced solder joint area-array technologies, such as flip-chip technology, has emerged in microelectronics industry due to increased speed, higher packaging density, and performance, improved reliability and low cost these technologies offer. With all these benefits to offer, solder joint area-array technology has yet to be implemented for power electronics packaging. Therefore, the first objective of this study is to design and develop a solder joint area-array interconnection technique for power chips. Solder joint reliability is a major concern for area array technologies and power chip interconnection, thus the second objective of this study is to evaluate solder joint reliability, investigate the fatigue failure behavior of solder joint and improve solder joint reliability by developing a new solder bumping process for improved solder joint geometry, underfilling solder joint with encapsulant and applying flexible substrate in the assembly. The third objective is the implementation of solder joint interconnection technique in developing chip-scale power packages and a three-dimensional integrated power electronics module structure. Solder joint area array interconnection for power chips has been designed with the considerations of parasitic resistance and inductance reduction, current handling capability, thermal management, reliability improvement and manufacturability. A new solder joint fabrication process, which is able to produce high standoff hourglass-shaped solder joint that consists of an inner cap, middle ball and outer cap, as well as the conventional solder bumping process have been successfully developed for power chips by using stencil printing. This solder bumping technology is compatible with the existing surface-mount assembly operations and potentially low cost. The fabricated solder joints have been characterized for their structure integrity, mechanical strength and electrical performances. Solder joint reliability has been improved by optimizing solder joint geometry, underfilling flipped power chip and utilizing compliant substrate. Solder joint reliability was evaluated using accelerated temperate cycling and adhesion tests. The interfaces of the triple-stacked solder joints were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for the integrity of the joint. Acoustic microscopy imaging (nondestructive evaluation) was utilized to examine the quality of the bonded interfaces and to detect cracks and other defects before and during accelerated fatigue tests. Adhesion strength of both single bump barrel-shaped and stacked hourglass-shaped solder joints to bonding pads was characterized and analyzed. It was found that stacked hourglass-shaped solder joint have higher fracture stress than barrel-shaped solder joint. This verifies that hourglass-shaped solder joint has lower stress singularity at the interface between the solder bump and the silicon die as well as at the interface between the solder bump and substrate than barrel-shaped solder joint, especially around the corners of the interfaces. Furthermore, the adhesion strength of barrel-shaped solder joint decreases much faster than that of high standoff hourglass-shaped solder joint under temperature cycling, which indicates that the latter has high reliability than the former. Our accelerated temperature cycling test clearly shows that solder joint fatigue failure process consists of three phases: crack initiation, crack propagation and catastrophic failure. Solder joint geometry, underfilling and substrate flexibility were proved to affect solder joint reliability. The effects of solder joint shape and standoff height on reliability have been systematically studied experimentally for the first time. Our experimental results indicated that both hourglass shape and great standoff height could improve solder joint fatigue lifetime, with standoff height being the more effective factor. The fatigue lifetime of high standoff hourglass-shaped solder joint is improved mainly by prolonged crack propagation time, with slight improvement in crack initiation time. Experimental data suggested that shape is the dominant factor affecting crack initiation time while standoff height is the major factor influencing crack propagation time. Underfilling and flexible substrate improved the lifetime of both barrel and hourglass-shaped solder joints. The effect of underfill on solder joint reliability is well known in microelectronics packaging field. However, for the first time, it is reported in this study that flex substrate could improve solder joint reliability. It has been found that flex substrate bucks during temperature cycling and thus reduces thermal strain in solder joints, which in turn improves solder joint fatigue lifetime. Chip scale packaging can enable a few very important concepts and advantages in power electronics packaging. It offers high silicon to package footprint ratio, provides a known good die solution to power chips, improves electrical as well as thermal performance and creates an opportunity for power component standardization. Two kinds of chip-scale power packages have been developed in this research. One is called cavity down flip chip on flex; the other is termed Die Dimensional Ball Grid Array (D2BGA). Both utilize solder joint as chip-level interconnection. Electrical tests show that the VCE(sat) of the high speed IGBT chip-scale packages is improved by 20% to 30% by eliminating the deviceÂ¡Â¯s wirebonds and other external interconnections, such as leadframe. Double-sided cooling is realized in these CSPs. Temperature cycling test shows that the CSPs are reliable. Integrated power electronics modules (IPEMs) are envisioned as integrated power modules consisting of power semiconductor devices, power integrated circuits, sensors, and protection circuits for a wide range of power electronics applications, such as inverters for motor drives and converters for power processing equipment. We have developed a three-dimensional approach, termed flip chip on flex (FCOF), for packaging high-performance IPEMs. The new concept is based on the use of solder joint (D2BGA chip scale package), not bonding wires, to interconnect power devices. This packaging approach has the potential to produce modules having superior electrical and thermal performance and improved reliability. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach by constructing half-bridge converters (consisting of two IGBTs, two power diodes, and a simple gate driver circuitry) which have been successfully tested at power levels over 30 kW. Switching tests have shown that parasitic inductance of the FCOF module has been reduced by 40% to 50% over conventional wire bond power modules. Better thermal management can be achieved in this three-dimensional power module structure. Compared with the state-of-the-art half-bridge power modules, the volume of the half-bridge FCOF power module is reduced by at least 65%. Reliability test shows that this flip chip on flex power module structure is potentially more reliable than wire bond power module.
Ph. D.

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Tervo, V. (Valtteri). "Joint multiuser power allocation and iterative multi-antenna receiver design." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207292.

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Abstract This thesis concentrates on joint optimization of transmit power allocation and receive filtering in multiuser, multi-antenna communications. Due to the increasing number of wireless devices, the design of energy-efficient communication links is becoming increasingly important. In cellular mobile communications, reducing the average power consumption in uplink transmission is beneficial for users in order to extend battery life and, hence, energy efficiency in general. However, the power consumption of the high power amplifier (HPA) at the transmitter depends on the peak power of the transmission. This thesis focuses on power allocation problems for single-carrier (SC) frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) transmission assuming iterative reception. The goal in the first scheme presented in this thesis is to reduce the average power consumption by designing a power allocation method that takes into account the convergence properties of an iterative receiver in multiuser uplink communications. The proposed scheme can guarantee that the desired quality of service (QoS) is achieved after a sufficient number of iterations. Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in any transmission system is beneficial because it allows the use of inexpensive, energy-efficient power amplifiers. The goal in the second scheme presented in this thesis is to control the PAPR of the transmitted signal. Hence, in addition to the QoS constraint, the instantaneous PAPR constraint is derived for SC-FDMA and OFDMA transmission. Moreover, a statistical approach is considered in which the power variance of the transmitted waveform is controlled. The QoS and PAPR constraints are considered jointly and, therefore, the proposed power allocation strategy jointly takes into account the channel quality and the PAPR characteristics of the power amplifier. However, the PAPR constraint can be adopted to any SC-FDMA or OFDMA framework and it is not restricted to the scheme presented in this thesis. The objective of the optimization problems considered throughout the thesis is to minimize the sum power. The majority of the derived constraints are non-convex and therefore, two alternative successive convex approximations (SCAs) are derived for all the non-convex constraints considered. The numerical results show that the proposed power allocation strategies can significantly reduce the average transmission power of users while allowing flexible PAPR control. Hence, the proposed methods can be used to extend battery life for users and especially improve the QoS at the cell edges
Tiivistelmä Väitöskirjassa tutkitaan lähettimessä tapahtuvan tehoallokoinnin sekä vastaanottimessa tapahtuvan signaalin suodatuksen yhteisoptimointia monikäyttöön suunnatussa langattomassa moniantennikommunikaatiossa. Langattomien laitteiden lukumäärän kasvaessa energiatehokkuuden merkitys tiedonsiirtolinkkien suunnittelussa korostuu. Soluihin perustuvassa langattomassa tietoliikenteessä keskimääräisen tehonkulutuksen pienentäminen ylälinkkilähetyksessä (käyttäjältä tukiasemaan) on tärkeää käyttäjän kannalta, sillä se pidentää laitteen akun kestoa. Lähettimen tehovahvistimen (high power amplifier (HPA)) tehonkulutus on kuitenkin verrannollinen lähetyksen huipputehoon. Väitöskirjassa luodaaan uusia menetelmiä sekä vertaillaan tehoallokointia yhden kantoaallon taajuustason monikäyttöön (single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA)) ja ortogonaalisen taajuustason monikäyttöön (orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA)) perustuvissa lähetysteknologioissa. Työn ensimmäisessä osiossa tavoitteena on keskimääräisen tehonkulutuksen pienentäminen monen käyttäjän ylälinkkikommunikaatiossa suunnittelemalla tehoallokointimenetelmä, joka ottaa huomioon iteratiivisen vastaanottimen konvergenssiominaisuudet. Työssä ehdotettu menetelmä takaa vastaanotetun informaation halutun laadun (quality of service (QoS)) riittävän monen vastaanottimessa tehdyn iteraation jälkeen. Huipputehon ja keskitehon suhteen (peak to average power ratio (PAPR)) pienentäminen missä tahansa lähetyksessä on hyödyllistä, sillä sen ansiosta voidaan käyttää energiatehokkaampia ja halvempia tehovahvistimia. Työn jälkimmäisessä osiossa tavoitteena on kontrolloida lähetetyn signaalin huipputehon ja keskitehon suhdetta. Työn ensimmäisessä osiossa esitetyn QoS-rajoitteen lisäksi tehoallokointia rajoitetaan symbolisekvenssikohtaisella PAPR-rajoitteella SCFDMA- ja OFDMA-lähetyksessä. Lisäksi esitetään tilastollinen menetelmä, jossa rajoitetaan lähetetyn signaalin tehon varianssia. Kun käytetään yhtäaikaisesti QoS- ja PAPR-rajoitteita, voidaan tiedonsiirtokanavaan suunnitella optimaalinen tehoallokointi ottaen huomioon tehovahvistimen epälineaarisuudet. Työssä esitetty PAPR-rajoite on kuitenkin geneerinen, ja se voidaan sovittaa mihin tahansa SCFDMA- tai OFDMA- optimointikehykseen. Työssä esitettävien optimointiongelmien tavoitteena on käyttäjien summatehon minimointi. Suurin osa työssä esiintyvistä ongelmista on ei-konvekseja, joten siinä esitetään kaksi vaihtoehtoista peräkkäinen konveksi approksimaatio (successive convex approximation (SCA)) -menetelmää kaikille ei-konvekseille rajoitteille. Numeeriset tulokset osoittavat, että esitetyt tehoallokointimenetelmät pienentävät merkittävästi keskimääräistä tehonkulutusta mahdollistaen lisäksi adaptiivisen PAPR-kontrolloinnin. Väitöskirjassa esitettyjen menetelmien avulla voidaan pidentää mobiilikäyttäjien akun kestoa sekä erityisesti parantaa solun reunakäyttäjien palvelun laatua

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Hamilton, Stephanie E. "The influence of passive ankle joint power on balance recovery." Thesis, Michigan Technological University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3724620.

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Over one–third of Americans over the age of 65 fall each year, costing more than $19 billion in health care costs in 2000. Many adults 65+ who have not experienced a fall still fear falling, and fear can decrease quality of life and increase the likelihood of falls. Several factors such as muscle strength, power, stiffness and tendon properties change in the human body with age affecting balance, which has been tagged as a fall risk predictor. Additionally, balance recovery strategies also differ between young and older adults, with young adults primarily utilizing their ankle joint and older adults utilizing their hip. The role of passive ankle joint power in balance recovery is unknown. Therefore, we conducted three studies. In Study 1, we investigated the role of passive ankle joint power in balance recovery of young subjects and tested if the contribution of passive power to net ankle joint power changed with perturbation speed. In Study 2, we explored the factor of age in the contribution of passive ankle joint power to net ankle joint power. In Study 3, we searched for a link between the contribution of passive ankle joint power to net ankle joint power and balance recovery strategy. Passive joint torque through the full range of motion was collected for each subject. Each subject performed 5 stepping tasks at two speeds, fast and slow. Joint kinematics and kinetics were collected for each trial. Inverse dynamics were performed and net ankle joint torque and net ankle joint work were computed. Passive ankle joint torque models were optimized for each subject, and passive ankle joint powers were determined. In Study 1, there appeared to be no difference in net or passive joint powers with respect to perturbation speed. In Study 2, age affected net ankle joint powers and passive uniarticular plantar- and dorsiflexor powers. In Study 3, we noted a change in balance recovery strategy between young and older adults. We were unable to predict balance recovery strategy index based off of the percent contribution of passive ankle joint work to net ankle joint work. These studies bring greater clarity to the role of passive ankle joint power with respect to balance recovery.

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PERCIA, GUILHERME ZENKNER. "JOINT POWER CONTROL AND CHANNEL ALOCATIN IN CELLULAR WIRELESS SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8630@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Este trabalho investiga o comportamento de três métodos de alocação de canais para Sistemas Móveis Celulares quando associados a três algoritmos de controle de potência distribuídos. Os objetivos desta associação são uma maior capacidade comparada à obtida com a aplicação isolada de alocação de canais, e uma melhor distribuição da Razão Sina- Interferência, através do uso otimizado da potência de transmissão. Resultados de simulações mostram que estes dois objetivos podem ser atingidos, mas com alguns custos.
This work investigates the behavior if three channel allocation schemes for Mobile Cellular Systems, when associated to three different automatic uplink power control schemes. The two objectives sought with this association are improved capacity over the isoladed use of the allocation schemes, and a better distribuition of the Signal to Interference Ratio (SRI) due to an optimized use of transmission power. Simulation results show that indeed this can be achieved, but not without some costs.

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Moety, Farah. "Joint minimization of power and delay in wireless access networks." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S108/document.

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Dans les réseaux d'accès sans fil, l'un des défis les plus récents est la réduction de la consommation d'énergie du réseau, tout en préservant la qualité de service perçue par les utilisateurs finaux. Cette thèse propose des solutions à ce problème difficile considérant deux objectifs, l'économie d'énergie et la minimisation du délai de transmission. Comme ces objectifs sont contradictoires, un compromis devient inévitable. Par conséquent, nous formulons un problème d’optimisation multi-objectif dont le but est la minimisation conjointe de la puissance consommée et du délai de transmission dans les réseaux sans-fil. La minimisation de la puissance est réalisée en ajustant le mode de fonctionnement des stations de base (BS) du réseau d’un niveau élevé de puissance d’émission vers un niveau d'émission plus faible ou même en mode veille. La minimisation du délai de transmission est réalisée par le meilleur rattachement des utilisateurs avec les BS du réseau. Nous couvrons deux réseaux sans-fil différents en raison de leur pertinence : les réseaux locaux sans-fil (IEEE 802.11 WLAN) et les réseaux cellulaires dotés de la technologie LTE
In wireless access networks, one of the most recent challenges is reducing the power consumption of the network, while preserving the quality of service perceived by the end users. The present thesis provides solutions to this challenging problem considering two objectives, namely, saving power and minimizing the transmission delay. Since these objectives are conflicting, a tradeoff becomes inevitable. Therefore, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem with aims of minimizing the network power consumption and transmission delay. Power saving is achieved by adjusting the operation mode of the network Base Stations (BSs) from high transmit power levels to low transmit levels or even sleep mode. Minimizing the transmission delay is achieved by selecting the best user association with the network BSs. We cover two different wireless networks, namely IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks and LTE cellular networks

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Sanchez, Lynda M. "Using the Power of 3 with Total Joint Surgery Patients." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2057.

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The purpose of patient education is to provide patients and their families with the tools needed to care for themselves after discharge from the hospital, but shortened hospital stays, limited health literacy, language, and age can impede the patient's comprehension of the information provided. Researchers have found that the lack of effective patient education is related to 30-day hospital readmissions. The Power of 3 educational tool, designed by Sanchez and Cooknell, addressed the factors that impeded effective patient teaching by using the adult learning theory and low health literacy concepts. The Power of 3 was implemented as a quality improvement project in the Total Joint Center in October 2014. The purpose of this project was to assess the effect of an adult learning-based educational tool on the readmission rates for venous thrombus embolism and infection and on the effect on mobility in total joint surgery patients. This goal was accomplished by performing a retrospective chart review on 90 randomized patients, 45 before and 45 after implementation. The Power of 3 demonstrated a statistically significant change in the length of time a patient remained out of bed on the day of surgery after implementing the educational tool (0.75 hours vs. 1.514 hours, p = 0.0182, CI 95%). In addition, the number of patients that nursing staff documented who were out of bed was also statistically significant on the day of surgery (12 patients vs. 24, p = 0.0461, CI 95%). This educational tool can facilitate patient teaching by addressing language and educational barriers between patients and health care workers.

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Abdul, Aziz Hasan Ali Aamir, and Muhammad Adil Shahzad. "A Joint Subcarrier/Power allocation Scheme for OFDMA-based Cellular Networks." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-91310.

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The assignment of this master thesis consists of initiating power, subcarrier allocation in a dynamic FFR based scheme designed for multi-cell OFDMA networks and to enhance the throughput of all center users in bandwidth hungry borrower cells (overloaded cells) which was previously degraded by original FFR3 scheme as a result of partitioning of system bandwidth into center and edge bands respectively. The method uses band borrowing to compensate center user’s throughput loss in a semi and fully overloaded system. The scheme uses dynamic programming method (0/1 knapsack problem) to bargain an edge band on various power levels and tends to check the best combination (power and sub-carrier) which the system can utilize while still maintaining acceptable throughput loss for the users at the edge of the neighboring cell (lender cell). The algorithm consists of generating a borrowing request to neighboring cells for utilizing their edge bands by the overloaded borrower cell if their average center user throughput reaches below a minimum threshold value set in the system. The borrowing method uses 0/1 knapsack problem to capture an edge band based on limiting factors of total cost in average throughput losses by neighbors (Ci) and Un (tolerable mean user edge user throughput loss by lending cell). While solving knapsack problem the lender (neighbors) will check Ci and Un before granting the right to use its edge band. The later stage requires reducing subcarrier power level in order to utilize the lenders edge band using "soft borrower" mode. The borrowed sub-carriers will be activated take power from the original center band sub-carriers of the overloaded cell by taking into account the interference between the lender and the borrower. In case of negative (0) reply from the lender cell after the first request, multiple requests are generated at reduce power level at every step to order to acquire more bands. If a neighbor has band borrowing requests from multiple overloaded base stations, the band will be granted to the one which gives minimal loss in terms of throughput to the lender cell. The simulation results are analyzed w.r.t reuse-1 and FFR3 scheme of a multi cell regular and irregular scenarios comprising of lightly to heavily overloaded cells with various subcarrier allocation patterns. An overhead and time assessment is also presented between borrower and lender cells. Simulation results show an increase of 60% in center user’s throughput w.r.t original FFR3 scheme with an acceptable loss of 18% at the edges in complex overloaded scenarios while the overall system throughout increases by 35%.

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Yang, Min Li. "Bargaining power, ownership and control of international joint ventures in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1443/.

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This thesis provides an empirical analysis of international joint venture activities in Taiwan. The primary purpose is to examine control and its antecedents in terms of ownership, bargaining power, resources contribution, and motivation for forming international joint ventures. Primary data collected by a mail questionnaire is analysed along five core dimensions of international joint venture activities. First, the mechanism, focus, and extent of parent control is identified and tested in a number of sample characteristics. These empirical results also reveal that most joint ventures in Taiwan have higher autonomy and have more autonomy on the appointment of key function managers. Parent firms seek to focus their control over specific activities of the joint ventures rather than attempting to control the entire range of joint venture activities. Second, the results of equity shares held by the host country parents and foreign parents show that both parents have minority shareholding in the joint ventures. A higher ownership by the parents in joint ventures indicates that they have a higher percentage of board members. Third, the relative importance of a set of bargaining power is identified with hypothesis testing of the relationship between control and bargaining power. There is little evidence that the relationship between bargaining power and control is not closely associated. Fourth, the relative importance of resource contribution by parents is identified and hypotheses are tested on the relationship between control and resource contribution factors. The results are strongly supported that the relationships between resource contributions in terms of physical, invisible, financial, human, and organizational ability of parents and their control has significant and positive associations. Fifth, the relative importance of a set of motives for international joint venture formation is identified and hypotheses are tested on the relationship between control and motivation factors in terms of technological acquisition, knowledge learning, risk sharing, competitive strategy consideration, resource complementarily, market expansion. The findings reveal a limited number of significant correlations between motivation factors and control.

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Simões, Carla Costa. "A joint venture contratual e o direito concorrencial." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1066.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Costa Simoes.pdf: 455883 bytes, checksum: a4c94c8859d2103e45da95662f2396a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-04
The contractual joint venture comes from an association of interests synthesized in a contract, which will determine all wills and goals of co-venturers. The connection between contractual joint venture and competition law occurs when a non corporate joint venture s creation, being a contractual legal instrument as is, can be adjusted by the parties as best fit them. Such a contractual association may aim to infringe freedom of competition, which affects the economic power, and, as a result of the relationship merely contractual, it is difficult for the State to monitor this conduct.
A joint venture contratual advém de uma associação de interesses sintetizada em um contrato, que determinará todas as vontades e objetivos dos coventurers. A ligação do instituto da joint venture contratual com o direito da concorrência ocorre na medida em que a criação de uma non corporate joint venture, sendo um instrumento jurídico contratual como é, pode ser ajustada pelas partes como melhor lhes aprouverem. Tal associação contratual poderá ter como objetivo infringir a livre concorrência, o que afeta o Poder Econômico, e, em razão da relação meramente contratual, é difícil para o Estado fiscalizar este tipo de conduta.

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Книги з теми "Joint power"

Jasjit, Singh, ed. Air power and joint operations. New Delhi: Knowledge World in association with Centre for Air Power Studies, 2003.

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Tramoundanis, D. Australian air power in joint operations. Fairbairn Base, Australia: Air Power Studies Centre, Royal Australian Air Force, 1995.

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System, International Nuclear Information, Energy Technology Data Exchange, and International Atomic Energy Agency, eds. Joint thesaurus. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2007.

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United States. Navy Dept, ed. Sea power 21: Projecting decisive joint capabilities. [Washington, D.C.?: Dept. of the Navy, 2004.

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International Joint Power Generation Conference (1995 Minneapolis, Minn.). Proceedings of the 1995 International Joint Power Generation Conference: Presented at the 1995 International Joint Power Generation Conference, October 8-12, 1995, Minneapolis, Minnesota. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995.

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1941-, Besant-Jones John, and World Bank, eds. Private sector participation in power through BOOT schemes. Washington, D.C. (1818 H St., N.W., Washington 20433): World Bank, 1990.

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International, Joint Power Generation Conference (1996 Houston Tex ). Proceedings of the 1996 International Joint Power Generation Conference: Presented at the 1996 International Joint Power Generation Conference, October 13-17, 1996, Houston, Texas. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996.

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International Joint Power Generation Conference (2003 Atlanta, Ga.). Proceedings of the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference: Presented at the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference : June 16-19, 2003, Atlanta, Georgia. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2003.

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International Joint Power Generation Conference (2002 Scottsdale, Ariz.). Proceedings of the IJPGC 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference: Presented at the 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference : June 24-26, 2002, Scottsdale, Arizona. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2002.

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International Joint Power Generation Conference (1997 Denver, Colorado). Proceedings of the 1997 International Joint Power Generation Conference: Presented at the 1997 International Joint Power Generation Conference, November 2-5, 1997, Denver, Colorado. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Joint power"

Kim, Younghyun, and Naehyuck Chang. "Joint Optimization with Power Sources." In Design and Management of Energy-Efficient Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage Systems, 55–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07281-4_5.

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Wu, Feng, Chong Luo, and Hancheng Lu. "Joint Bandwidth and Power Allocation." In Uncoded Multimedia Transmission, 91–110. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003118688-9.

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Montaño, Juan-Carlos, Juan-Carlos Bravo, and María-Dolores Borrás. "Joint Time–Frequency Analysis of the Electrical Signal." In Power Quality, 41–72. London: Springer London, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-772-5_3.

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Grove, Eric. "BR1806, Joint Doctrine and Beyond." In The Changing Face of Maritime Power, 57–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509610_5.

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Hartley, Keith. "The Economics of Joint Forces." In The Changing Face of Military Power, 201–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502161_10.

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Paoletti, Emanuela. "Joint Measures on Migration." In The Migration of Power and North-South Inequalities, 139–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230299283_7.

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Wu, Feng, Chong Luo, and Hancheng Lu. "Joint Subcarrier Matching and Power Allocation." In Uncoded Multimedia Transmission, 147–72. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003118688-12.

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Darbinyan, Hrayr. "Surface and Kinematical Joint Formation from Standpoint of Task Based Conceptual Design Method." In Power Transmissions, 269–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6558-0_19.

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Tischler, Julia. "The End of Joint Development: Planning Lake Kariba." In Light and Power for a Multiracial Nation, 214–22. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137268778_6.

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Liu, Zuoliang, and Shanxue Chen. "Joint Transmit Power Allocation and Power Splitting for SWIPT System with Time Reversal." In Simulation Tools and Techniques, 427–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32216-8_41.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Joint power"

Yokell, Stanley. "Assuring Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint Tightness and Strength." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55017.

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This paper describes preparing mockup tubesheet specimens for visual examination using a digital microscope to determine that tube joint welds are of the specified size and that expanded joints are satisfactory for the intended purpose. It discusses nondestructive examinations (NDE) of tubesheets and tube joints intended to assure achieving sufficient tightness and strength to satisfy the uses to which the exchangers will be put. The paper refers to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Code) paragraphs that apply to tube joint welds and expanded joints including shear load testing when the Code requires it.[1] The discussion also addresses the need for manufacturers to have qualified tube joining procedures and personnel who use the procedures. The work concludes with a summary of ways to assure tube joint tightness and strength.

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HAMLEY, JOHN, and GERALD HILL. "Power electronics for low power arcjets." In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1991.

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"Joint International Power Conference "Athens Power Tech" Proceedings." In Proceedings. Joint International Power Conference Athens Power Tech. IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apt.1993.673852.

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Lu, Guo-Quan, Xingsheng Liu, Sihua Wen, Jesus Noel Calata, and John G. Bai. "Strategies for Improving Reliability of Solder Joints on Power Semiconductor Devices." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41993.

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There has been a significant research effort on area-array flip-chip solder joint technology in order to reduce package footprint, enhance current handling capability, and improve heat dissipation. However, there is a lingering concern over cyclic fatigue of solder alloys by thermo-mechanical stresses arising from mismatched thermal expansion coefficients of expansion among the various components of the package. In this paper, some strategies taken to improve the reliability of solder joints on power devices in single-device and multi-chip packages are presented. A strategy for improving solder joint reliability by adjusting solder joint geometry, underfilling and utilization of flexible substrates is discussed with emphasis on triple-stacked solder joints that resemble the shape of an hourglass. The hourglass shape relocates the highest inelastic strain away from the weaker interface with the chip to the bulk region of the joint while the underfill provides a load transfer from the joints. Flexible substrates can deform to relieve thermo-mechanical stresses. Thermal cycling data show significant improvements in reliability when these techniques are used. The design, testing, and finite-element analyses of an interconnection structure, termed the Dimple-Array Interconnect (DAI), for improving the solder joint reliability is also presented. In the DAI structure, a solder is used to join arrays of dimples pre-formed on a metal sheet onto the bonding pads of a device. Finite-element thermo-mechanical analyses and thermal cycling data show that the dimple-array solder joints are more fatigue-resistant than the conventional barrel-shaped solder joints in flip-chip IC packages.

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Allam, Mahdi A., Andre Bazergui, Luc Marchand, and Michel Derenne. "Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints: Maximum Tensile Stress and Contact Pressure Due to Thermal Loading and Temperature Cycling." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26082.

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Service reliability and durability of tubular heat exchangers and steam generators are much dependent on the proper response of the tube-to-tubesheet joints to the operating conditions. In this paper a 2-D axisymmetric finite element model is proposed and compared to a 3-D finite element solution for the purpose of predicting the temperature effect on the residual contact pressure and maximum tensile residual stresses of such joints. A parametric study using the finite element results shows that, although thermal loading and temperature cycling have a negligible effect on the maximum tensile residual stresses, the room-temperature initial residual contact pressure may be completely relieved following the initiation of plastic deformation in either the tube or the tubesheet during thermal loading. A comparison between the results of the proposed finite element model and those obtained from the literature shows good agreement. A simplified analytical approach, which may be used for the design of tube-to-tubesheet joints, is also proposed to predict the joint behavior at the operating conditions.

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Thurston, David F. "Power Over CTC, A Novel Way to Control Signal Power Supplies." In 2022 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2022-77801.

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Abstract The electrical energy that powers the signal systems for railways is typically provided by commercial services adjacent or near the enclosures housing the signal equipment. In remote or areas of challenging terrain, railways have installed their own signal power lines to maintain a high level of reliability while lowering the cost of energy supply. These power lines are typically fed from a commercial power source and fed to the railway at a lower voltage (< 1KV). These lines are controlled from local manipulation of fuse cutouts and do not provide for any redundancy. When there is trouble on the signal power line, the response requires railway staff to go to each site on the line to investigate the trouble and provide corrective or temporary measures to restore service. This paper proposes to utilize existing infrastructure to control and indicate the signal power lines that includes sectionalization, remote stop/start of standby generators, and other function. Most signal power lines are concentrated at Centralized Traffic Control (CTC) points. These locations have connectivity to the central dispatching office via “Code Line” that can be expanded to incorporate a separate controls and indications for the signal power systems. Just as Dispatchers have software to help manage traffic on the railway; the new separate controls for the power system can be created to mimic safety protocols for system operation.

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ZIMMERMANN, FRANK, and KATHY HODGE. "Propulsion element requirements using electrical power system unscheduled power." In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2612.

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Li, Yan, Peter A. A. F. Wouters, Paul Wagenaars, Peter C. J. M. van der Wielen, and E. Fred Steennis. "Power cable joint modelin high frequency." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cmd.2012.6416243.

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Thorvaldsson, B. "Joint operation HVDC/SVC." In Sixth International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19960371.

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Guyot, Paul, Alexis Drogoul, and Shinichi Honiden. "Power and negotiation." In the fifth international joint conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1160633.1160636.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Joint power"

Gough, Michael J. Joint Air Power, Transformation, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422776.

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Fulwider, Ryan T. Air-Sea Battle through Joint Training: Power Projection Sustainability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609320.

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Davee, John T., James A. Colley, and II. Air Power Training in the USAF: Realistic and Joint,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328414.

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Reese, Robert J. Joint Task Force Support Hope: Lessons for Power Projection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada301121.

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Galbreath, Charles S. The Space Triad: A Joint Concept for Space Power. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada515621.

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Bradley, Thomas. The Use of Air Power in Joint Maritime Operations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada215914.

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Wilson, Suzanne H. Joint Military Bases: Power Projection Platforms for the 21st Century. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326980.

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Clark, Andrew, Jacob James, Jamal Mohmand, Christopher Lamb, Lee Maccarone, and Michael Rowland. Evaluation of Joint Cyber/Safety Risk in Nuclear Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1861982.

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Megahan, Rick. Dragon in the City: Joint Power Projection and Joint Urban Operations - An Unavoidable Situation in the New Future. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363931.

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Lewis, James C. Power Projection Ashore: An Expanding Problem for the Joint Force Commander. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535593.

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