Готові списки джерел за темами / Isolation methods

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Isolation methods"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Isolation methods"

Moťková, P., and J. Vytřasová. "Comparison of methods for isolating fungal DNA." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, Special Issue (January 4, 2012): S76—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/266/2011-cjfs.

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In this study methods of fungal DNA isolation were optimised and compared. The aim of the isolation processes was to obtain DNA of sufficient quality and quantity necessary for its amplification, as most detection techniques require DNA amplification before the proper DNA detection itself. For this purpose, classic methods of DNA extraction were compared and optimised while isolations using commercial kits were also done. The methods were evaluated from several perspectives, with focus especially laid on the isolated DNA not contain PCR inhibitors which would prevent DNA amplification, thus inhibiting the detection itself. For optimising the individual methods, collection strains of the genus Aspergillus were used. After the evaluation, two most suitable methods were selected and chosen for isolating potentially aflatoxigenic moulds taken from food samples. These methods were the commercially supplied kit for isolating DNA from plant leaves from Sigma and a classic method according Cenis in combination with the cell wall disruption by means of liquid nitrogen.

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Pariset, Eloise, Vincent Agache, and Arnaud Millet. "Extracellular Vesicles: Isolation Methods." Advanced Biosystems 1, no. 5 (April 24, 2017): 1700040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adbi.201700040.

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Gilmore, Paul, and Umesh Gandhi. "Development of disc spring stack containment methods for vibration isolation." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2865.

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Cone disc springs exhibit quasi-zero stiffness behavior that is useful in isolating objects from low frequency vibrations. However, the stroke of a single disc spring is too low for most applications, and springs are stacked to increase the displacement. A method to contain the isolator stack then becomes critical for practical uses. Many challenges in developing these containment methods have been identified and can be collectively described as how to appropriately contain the stack without affecting isolation performance. In this work, three designs are considered: a retaining ring design, tube and shaft design, and zero poisson ratio sleeve design. Disc spring stacks with containment method are built, and load-deflection curves are measured and compared with standalone stacks. Under quasi-static compression testing, each containment method has minimal effect on the standalone stack load-deflection curve. However, significant differences in isolation performance are observed in vibration testing and found to depend on characteristics such as lateral stability, lateral strength, and degrees of freedom. Lastly, advantages, disadvantages, and appropriate applications for each containment method are summarized. The conclusions of this work are that containment method is an important variable in the application of disc spring isolators and robust, versatile containment designs have been demonstrated.

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Kallergi, Galatea, Eleni Politaki, Saad Alkahtani, Christos Stournaras, and Vassilis Georgoulias. "Evaluation of Isolation Methods for Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs)." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 40, no. 3-4 (2016): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452556.

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Background: Detection of CTCs is a poor prognostic factor for many cancer types; however, their very low frequency represents an obstacle for their detection. The objective of the current study was to compare the performance of commonly used methods for CTCs isolation. Methods: The evaluated methods using spiking experiments of MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were (i) ficoll density gradient separation (DGS), (ii) red blood cell lysis (Erythrolysis) isolation, (iii) positive immunomagnetic selection (EpCAM Dynal beads), (iv) two different negative immunomagnetic separation systems (Dynal vs Miltenyi CD45 beads) as well as (v) the Cell Search platform and (vi) the ISET system. Results: The recovery rates of Erythrolysis and DGS were 39% and 24%, respectively. Magnetic isolations are ranked from the worse to the best recovery rate as follows:, Myltenyi-anti-CD45 microbeads (24%); Dynal-anti-EpCAM beads (75%); Dynabeads-anti-CD45 (97%). CTCs isolation from blood samples using the CellSearch and ISET systems revealed that the recovery rate for Cell Search and ISET was 52% and 95%, respectively. Conclusions: Dynal-anti-CD45 beads have the best recovery rate compared to other magnetic methods. Furthermore the recovery rate of ISET was higher compared to Cell Search, especially for the more aggressive MDA-MB 231 cell line.

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Hosek, J., P. Svastova, M. Moravkova, I. Pavlik, and M. Bartos. "Methods of mycobacterial DNA isolation from different biological material: a review." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 5 (March 20, 2012): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5538-vetmed.

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Mycobacteria cause serious infections in animals and human beings. Huge economic losses on farms are caused by selected species of this wide family. A high risk of transmission of infection from animal to human exists. The knowledge of exact pathogen characteristics is an important factor which can improve quick and adequate healing. Cultivation and determination of phenotype is still the “gold standard”, but has the disadvantage of taking a long time and also low detection limit. Biochemical characterisation of isolates is not exact, and it is expensive. A more popular method used is the amplification of specific loci by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For this method, the isolation of sufficient amounts of purified DNA is necessary. In this paper the most frequently used method for DNA isolation from live mycobacterial cells, body fluids, tissues, histological samples and forensic materials are outlined. This paper assists only as guide for these methods, so we describe them briefly.

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Sadrtdinova, G. R. "K. OXYTOCA BACTERIOPHAGES ISOLATION METHODS IMPROVEMENT." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 7, no. 4 (January 1, 2017): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2017-4-413-418.

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Fox, Gary L. "Methods and Apparatus for Isolation System." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 2 (2011): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3625660.

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Veksler, Naum, Jean-Louis Izbicki, Jean-Marc Conoir, and Pascal Rembert. "Methods of Isolation of Modal Resonances." Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 449–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3099015.

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The scattering problem by immersed targets involves the resonance phenomenon. Different methods of isolation of modal resonances are discussed: the Resonant Scattering Theory (the different backgrounds used in this method are considered), the phase gradient method (which is partly independent of the background choice), and the Argand diagram method (leading to both theoretical and experimental determination of the frequency and the width of resonances) and an exact description of the resonance components of partial modes (involving the determination of the roots of the characteristic equation in the complex frequency plane). The results provided by these methods are compared, their validity domain is discussed. Whatever the method, the resonant components appear as Breit-Wigner functions: this is the common point between the different methods. This review article includes 119 references.

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Teti, Anna, Anna Taranta, Ida Villanova, Irene Recchia, and Silvia Migliaccio. "Osteoclast Isolation: New Developments and Methods." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 14, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 1251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.7.1251.

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POWELL, T. "Methods of isolation of cardiac myocytes." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 18 (1986): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2828(86)80571-5.

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Дисертації з теми "Isolation methods"

McKinnell, Robert James. "Active isolation of vibration." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306465.

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Pannifer, Susan. "Novel methods for the isolation and purification of exoglycosidases." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26600.

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A number of exoglycosidases have been prepared from bacterial and plant sources using established methods for the separation of enzymes, in conjunction with certain novel purification systems hitherto not described in the literature for these enzymes. The enzyme, beta-galactosidase from E. coli has been prepared using previously described methods of phase separation and ion-exchange chromatography. As a final step in this purification, the use of a new hydroxyl-rich chromatographic support for the isolation of high-grade enzyme suitable for use in enzyme immunoassays was investigated. Methods have also been studied for the recovery of alpha-mannosidase as a by-product of the procedure used for the extraction of urease from jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). The inclusion of a novel step involving the use of hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose led to excellent recoveries of enzyme suitable for commercial use. Studies on a second glycosidase, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, from the same source (jack bean) paved the way for an adaptation of existing purification methods to provide increased yields and an improved quality of enzyme. Since the research unit in which this work was performed is associated with commercial organizations responsible for the preparation and marketing of biologically active products, it is important that the methods of purification described in this thesis are compatible with the requirements for largescale purification.

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楊謹鴻 and Kim-fong Roseline Yong. "Exploring hikikomori: a mixed methods qualitative research." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41712146.

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Yong, Kim-fong Roseline. "Exploring hikikomori a mixed methods qualitative research /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41712146.

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Xu, Yue, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Food Science. "Isolation and characterization of components from whey." THESIS_FSTA_SFS_Xu_Y.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/248.

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The structure, functionality, isolation methods and applications of whey components, particularly the proteins and lactose, have been extensively studied. These studies have had a great impact on the food industry where whey components are increasingly being used as food ingredients. Two generations of whey protein product, namely Lactalbumin, produced by heat-induced precipitation, and Whey Protein Concentration/ Isloate, produced by ultrafiltration/ ion exchange chromatography, have been commercialised. Crystalline lactose in the food and pharmaceutical grades is also being produced. Recently, research activities in whey fractionation have shifted to the isolation of the minor components. This thesis is aimed at developing a Total Whey Utilization strategy by which the several components of the whey stream would be completely recovered by fractionation, resulting in little or no residue to be disposed of in the wastewater stream. Therefore, this study was initially dedicated to the development of novel separation methods which would be suitable for the Total Whey Utilization process. The development of those techniques revealed some previously unknown feature of whey components. The mechanisms of the separation methods have been also investigated. Although crystallization is an efficient method for fractionation or purification, its disadvantage is that the mother liquor is a wastewater containing high salt and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). The chromatographic method has been investigated in this work to separate the mother liquor or permeate into lactose and mineral fractions such that a goal of this thesis, namely a 'clean' water stream after processing whey, can be finally achieved. These studies have focused on the effect of resin type, salt form of the resin and the operating conditions on the separation of the lactose and mineral fraction.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Rattfält, Linda. "A comparative study of two structural methods for fault isolation analysis." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2222.

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Technical systems of today are often complex and integrated. If a fault occurs, the consequences can be disastrous both for the system itself and its surroundings. To maintain the operation and the security it is necessary to have a surveillance system which can detect a fault in an early stage.

In this thesis two structural methods for fault isolation analysis are discussed. The result from the studied algorithms shows what fault isolation properties a diagnostic model is expected to have. If the isolability is not good enough, it also gives information on where further modelling needs to be done.

To base a comparison of the two structural analysis algorithms on, four criteria are defined concerning for example realizability of residuals and time complexity. One interesting part of the methods is how dynamic models are handled. It is shown how differential constraints can end up in differential cycles which implies calculatory problems and what effects structural differentiation has on a system.

The algorithms have been tested on an application from the research training network DAMADICS. The result shows how different types of input models in this case give the same result.

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Reiman, Lucy. "Development of isolation and identification methods for emerging species of Campylobacteraceae." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439655.

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Mead, Kenneth Ross. "Expedient methods for patient isolation during natural or manmade epidemic response." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2008.

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Hagardson, Karin. "Comparison of DNA isolation methods to detect Leishmania parasites in blood samples." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7014.

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Leishmaniasis is a disease affecting more than 12 million people worldwide. It is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania, which is transmitted to humans and dog hosts through bites of infected sand flies belonging to genus Phlebotomine. Several studies have shown Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to be effective for the diagnosis of VL in clinical samples compared to the classical methods. The aims of this study were first to compare four different sample preparation methods for the PCR diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using peripheral blood samples and furthermore to find a method that is sensitive, rapid, cost benefit, simple and easy to perform. Two preparation methods were compared for the isolation of leukocytes (with Ficoll and Tris –EDTA buffer) and two DNA isolation methods (with Proteinase K and QIAgen kit). From the methods that were compared, lysis of erythrocytes with TE and the QIAgen kit seems to be the most suitable to use.

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Atty, Nicholas Martin. "Isolation of cloned DNA sequences encoding wheat ribosomal proteins by immunological methods." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329973.

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Книги з теми "Isolation methods"

1912-, Polson Alfred, ed. Virus separation and purification methods. New York: Dekker, 1993.

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R, Taylor Angela E., and Baker John R, eds. In vitro methods for parasite cultivation. London: Academic Press, 1987.

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Tschesche, Harald. Methods in protein biochemistry. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012.

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Kolpashchikov, Dmitry M., and Yulia V. Gerasimova. Nucleic acid detection: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana Press, 2013.

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Farrell, Robert E. RNA methodologies: Laboratory guide for isolation and characterization. 4th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2010.

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Influenza virus: Methods and protocols. New York: Humana, 2012.

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D, Rozycki Michael, and Edelstein Stuart J, eds. Protein methods. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1996.

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Bollag, Daniel M. Protein methods. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1991.

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Hervé, Thiellement, ed. Plant proteomics: Methods and protocols. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2007.

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M, Colegate Steven, and Molyneux Russell J, eds. Bioactive natural products: Detection, isolation, andstructural determination. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.

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Частини книг з теми "Isolation methods"

Venkat, Ed, and Srinivas Kothandaraman. "Supercritical Fluid Methods." In Natural Products Isolation, 91–109. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-256-2_3.

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Tabor, M. Wilson, and John C. Loper. "Mutagen Isolation Methods." In Advances in Chemistry, 401–21. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1987-0214.ch019.

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Dufresne, Claude. "Isolation by Ion-Exchange Methods." In Natural Products Isolation, 141–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-256-2_5.

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Durham, David G. "Isolation by Ion-Exchange Methods." In Natural Products Isolation, 159–83. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-955-9:159.

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Dennison, Clive. "Immunological methods." In A Guide to Protein Isolation, 178–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0269-0_7.

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Huang, Hsin-Yi, and René F. Ketting. "Isolation of Zebrafish Gonads for RNA Isolation." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 183–94. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-694-8_15.

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King, Linda A., Richard Hitchman, and Robert D. Possee. "Recombinant Baculovirus Isolation." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 73–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_4.

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Krauss, Scott, David Walker, and Robert G. Webster. "Influenza Virus Isolation." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 11–24. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-621-0_2.

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Dennison, Clive. "Some common practical methods." In A Guide to Protein Isolation, 210–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0269-0_8.

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Puente, Lawrence G., and Lynn A. Megeney. "Isolation of Phosphoproteins." In Methods in Molecular Biology™, 365–72. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-064-9_28.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Isolation methods"

Domaneschi, Marco, and Gian Paolo Cimellaro. "3D BASE ISOLATION OF BUILDINGS." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.7055.19827.

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Salvatori, Antonello, Antonio Di Cicco, and Paolo Clemente. "SEISMIC MONITORING OF BUILDING WITH BASE ISOLATION." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.7301.19221.

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Markou, Athanasios, George Stefanou, and George Manolis. "STOCHASTIC RESPONSE OF NONLINEAR BASE ISOLATION SYSTEMS." In 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120117.5757.17761.

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Katsamakas, Antonios, Gabriel Belser, Michalis Vassiliou, M. Blondet, and Bozidar Stojadinovic. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SPHERICAL RUBBER SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS." In 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research National Technical University of Athens, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120121.8760.18982.

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Karatzia, Xenia, and George Mylonakis. "GEOTECHNICAL SEISMIC ISOLATION USING EPS GEOFOAM AROUND PILES." In 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120117.5475.17924.

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Numayr, Karim, Rami Haddad, Qusai Ailabouni, and Madhar Haddad. "PASSIVE BASE ISOLATION SYSTEM FOR AN ASYMMETRIC BUILDING." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.6932.20738.

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Si, Shushu, and Qing Hu. "Research on two methods of acoustic isolation." In 2016 IEEE/OES China Ocean Acoustics (COA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coa.2016.7535762.

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Cox, Anne J. "Combating isolation: Building mutual mentoring networks." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2015 (ICCMSE 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4937709.

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Casagrande, Lorenzo, Antonio Bonati, Antonio Occhiuzzi, and Ferdinando Auricchio. "A PSEUDOELASTIC FLOOR ISOLATION SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL SEISMIC RETROFITTING." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.7300.19056.

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De Stefano, Alessandro, Paolo Clemente, Stefano Invernizzi, Emiliano Matta, and Antonino Quattrone. "INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE BASE ISOLATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS." In 5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120115.3403.1825.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Isolation methods"

E. Blanford, E. Keldrauk, M. Laufer, M. Mieler, J. Wei, B. Stojadinovic, and P.F. Peterson. ADVANCED SEISMIC BASE ISOLATION METHODS FOR MODULAR REACTORS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1004114.

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Wilbur, Daniel Scott. Evaluation of Novel Wet Chemistry Separation and Purification Methods to Facilitate Automation of Astatine-211 Isolation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1335515.

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Westsik, G. A. Nondestructive measurements in support of Waste Isolation Pilot Plant at Rockwell Hanford Operations: problems and methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5345493.

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Christiansen, R. L., and S. M. Howarth. Literature review and recommendation of methods for measuring relative permeability of anhydrite from the Salado Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/100218.

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Rudman, Debbie Laliberte, and Rebecca M. Aldrich. Social Isolation, Third Places, and Precarious Employment Circumstances: A Scoping Review. University of Western Ontario, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/otpub.2022.54.

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Rising rates of social isolation in Canada and other middle- and high-income countries have turned scholarly attention to the kinds of places that facilitate social connections. “Third places” - physical and virtual places beyond home (first places) and work (second places) - are thought to foster social interaction, connection, belonging, and support. This evidence brief reports on a SSHRC funded knowledge synthesis that linked understandings about “third places” with situations of precarious employment, given that people facing precarious employment circumstances often lack the social opportunities and resources associated with stable workplaces. This scoping review assessed what is known about the types and characteristics of “third places” that help maintain social connectedness and address social isolation for adults experiencing precarious employment circumstances. The project examined English-language research articles published in multidisciplinary academic journals between 2012 and 2022. The review captured diverse forms of employment (i.e., gig work, involuntary part-time work, seasonal work, temporary migrant work) characterized as transient, non-permanent, unpredictable, having few worker protections or rights, and associated with low or unpredictable remuneration, as well as cyclical and long-term unemployment. In addition to synthesizing study results, findings attend to how studies addressed diverse social positions and studies’ geographic locations, methodologies, methods, and quality. The goal of the project was to understand the current state of knowledge on this topic; create dialogue about how social isolation can be addressed through precarious workers’ engagement with “third places”; and identify opportunities for stakeholders to partner on place-based interventions with people experiencing precarious employment circumstances.

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Brodsky, N. S. Crack closure and healing studies in WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) salt using compressional wave velocity and attenuation measurements: Test methods and results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6197248.

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Berube, Paul M., Scott M. Gifford, Bonnie Hurwitz, Bethany Jenkins, Adrian Marchetti, and Alyson E. Santoro. Roadmap Towards Communitywide Intercalibration and Standardization of Ocean Nucleic Acids ‘Omics Measurements. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/28054.

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In January 2020, the US Ocean Carbon & Biogeochemistry (OCB) Project Office funded the Ocean Nucleic Acids 'omics Intercalibration and Standardization workshop held at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Thirty-two participants from across the US, along with guests from Canada and France, met to develop a framework for standardization and intercalibration (S&I) of ocean nucleic acid ‘omics (na’omics) approaches (i.e., amplicon sequencing, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics). During the three-day workshop, participants discussed numerous topics, including: a) sample biomass collection and nucleic acid preservation for downstream analysis, b) extraction protocols for nucleic acids, c) addition of standard reference material to nucleic acid isolation protocols, d) isolation methods unique to RNA, e) sequence library construction, and f ) integration of bioinformatic considerations. This report provides a summary of these and other topics covered during the workshop and a series of recommendations for future S&I activities for na’omics approaches.

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Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright, and Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.

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Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.

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Levisohn, Sharon, Maricarmen Garcia, David Yogev, and Stanley Kleven. Targeted Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Avian Mycoplasmas. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695853.bard.

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Intraspecies identification (DNA "fingerprinting") of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas is a powerful tool for epidemiological studies and monitoring strain identity. However the only widely method available for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS)wasrandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This project aimed to develop alternative and supplementary typing methods that will overcome the major constraints of RAPD, such as the need for isolation of the organism in pure culture and the lack of reproducibility intrinsic in the method. Our strategy focussed on recognition of molecular markers enabling identification of MG and MS vaccine strains and, by extension, pathogenic potential of field isolates. Our first aim was to develop PCR-based systems which will allow amplification of specific targeted genes directly from clinical material. For this purpose we evaluated the degree of intraspecies heterogeneity in genes encoding variable surface antigens uniquely found in MG all of which are putative pathogenicity factors. Phylogenic analysis of targeted sequences of selected genes (pvpA, gapA, mgc2, and lp) was employed to determine the relationship among MG strains.. This method, designated gene targeted sequencing (GTS), was successfully employed to identify strains and to establish epidemiologically-linked strain clusters. Diagnostic PCR tests were designed and validated for each of the target genes, allowing amplification of specific nucleotide sequences from clinical samples. An mgc2-PCR-RFLP test was designed for rapid differential diagnosis of MG vaccine strains in Israel. Addressing other project goals, we used transposon mutagenesis and in vivo and in vitro models for pathogenicity to correlated specific changes in target genes with biological properties that may impact the course of infection. An innovative method for specific detection and typing of MS strains was based on the hemagglutinin-encoding gene vlhA, uniquely found in this species. In parallel, we evaluated the application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in avian mycoplasmas. AFLP is a highly discriminatory method that scans the entire genome using infrequent restriction site PCR. As a first step the method was found to be highly correlated with other DNA typing methods for MG species and strain differentiation. The method is highly reproducible and relatively rapid, although it is necessary to isolate the strain to be tested. Both AFLP and GTS are readily to amenable to computer-assisted analysis of similarity and construction of a data-base resource. The availability of improved and diverse tools will help realize the full potential of molecular typing of avian mycoplasmas as an integral and essential part of mycoplasma control programs.

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Boak, D. M., N. H. Prindle, and R. Lincoln. Summary of the systems prioritization method as a decision-aiding method for the waste isolation pilot plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/434423.

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