Готові списки джерел за темами / IRMq

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "IRMq"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "IRMq":

1

Lion, S., F. Fortin, A. Pawlik, C. Oppenheim, S. Rodrigo, N. Assaf, and J. F. Méder. "IRM fonctionnelle (IRMf) cerebrale en temps reel." Journal de Radiologie 87, no. 10 (October 2006): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0221-0363(06)87146-5.

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2

Clack, Lauren, Simone Passerini, Aline Wolfensberger, Hugo Sax, and Tanja Manser. "Frequency and Nature of Infectious Risk Moments During Acute Care Based on the INFORM Structured Classification Taxonomy." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 3 (March 2018): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.326.

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OBJECTIVEIn this study, we sought to establish a comprehensive inventory of infectious risk moments (IRMs), defined as seemingly innocuous yet frequently occurring care manipulations potentially resulting in transfer of pathogens to patients. We also aimed to develop and employ an observational taxonomy to quantify the frequency and nature of IRMs in acute-care settings.DESIGNProspective observational study and establishment of observational taxonomy.SETTINGIntensive care unit, general medical ward, and emergency ward of a university-affiliated hospital.PARTICIPANTSHealthcare workers (HCWs)METHODSExploratory observations were conducted to identify IRMs, which were coded based on the surfaces involved in the transmission pathway to establish a structured taxonomy. Structured observations were performed using this taxonomy to quantify IRMs in all 3 settings.RESULTSFollowing 129.17 hours of exploratory observations, identified IRMs involved HCW hands, gloves, care devices, mobile objects, and HCW clothing and accessories. A structured taxonomy called INFORM (INFectiOus Risk Moment) was established to classify each IRM according to the source, vector, and endpoint of potential pathogen transfer. We observed 1,138 IRMs during 53.77 hours of structured observations (31.25 active care hours) for an average foundation of 42.8 IRMs per active care hour overall, and average densities of 34.9, 36.8, and 56.3 IRMs in the intensive care, medical, and emergency wards, respectively.CONCLUSIONSHands and gloves remain among the most important contributors to the transfer of pathogens within the healthcare setting, but medical devices, mobile objects, invasive devices, and HCW clothing and accessories may also contribute to patient colonization and/or infection. The INFORM observational taxonomy and IRM inventory presented may benefit clinical risk assessment, training and education, and future research.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:272–279
3

Clack, Lauren, Jan Schmutz, Tanja Manser, and Hugo Sax. "Infectious Risk Moments: A Novel, Human Factors–Informed Approach to Infection Prevention." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 35, no. 8 (August 2014): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/677166.

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We pilot tested a novel human factors–informed concept to identify infectious risk moments (IRMs) that occur with high frequency during routine intensive care. Following 30 observation-hours, 28 potential IRMs related to hand hygiene, gloves, and objects were expert rated. A comprehensive IRM inventory may provide valuable taxonomy for research, training, and intervention.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(8):1051–1055
4

Kim, Jae Young, Ji-Hye Lee, Jong Min Yang, Seo-Yong Lee, Sun Young Park, Jong Sook Jin, Dohyun Kim, et al. "Production of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Type O and A Vaccine Antigens on a Pilot Scale and Determination of Optimal Amount of Antigen for Monovalent Vaccines." Vaccines 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2023): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071156.

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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The Type O PanAsia-2 (O PA-2) vaccine strain is protective against a wide range of serotype O FMD virus (FMDV) strains in East Asia, and A22 Iraq/24/64 (A22 IRQ) is the most widely used vaccine strain in FMD vaccine antigen banks. The aim of this study was to produce antigens from O PA-2 and A22 IRQ viruses using a 100 L bioreactor and evaluate the protective efficacy of varying antigen concentrations in pigs. More than 2 μg/mL of the antigen was recovered from the O PA-2 and A22 IRQ virus-infected supernatants. Further, inactivation of O PA-2 and A22 IRQ by binary ethyleneimine revealed that the viral titers decreased below 10−7 TCID50/mL within 13 h and 9 h, respectively. The O PA-2 and A22 IRQ vaccines, containing 10 μg and 5 μg of antigen, respectively, provided protection against homologous viruses in pigs. This is the first report demonstrating that the antigens obtained from the pilot-scale production of O PA-2 and A22 IRQ are viable candidate vaccines. These results will pave the way for industrial-scale FMD vaccine production in South Korea.
5

Rodionova, Valeria, Irina Dzhun, Kseniay Chichay, Sergey Shevyrtalov, and Nikolai Chechenin. "Enhancement of Exchange Bias in NiFe/IrM, IrMn/NiFe and NiFe/IrMn/NiFe Structures with Different Thickness of Antiferromagnetic Layer." Solid State Phenomena 233-234 (July 2015): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.427.

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The Influence of the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) layers position and of the thickness of antiferromagnetic (AFM) layer on magnetic properties of FM/AFM bilayer structures was studied. Angular dependences of the coercive force and exchange bias field were analyzed for NiFe/IrMn bilayer structures with different thickness of AFM layer. In some samples we observed the maximum values of the exchange bias field in the directions different from the magnetic easy axis.
6

Cole, Azadeh D., John Blackwell, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Thomas M. Egan, and Marie Muller. "Using random matrix theory to quantify pulmonary fibrosis: Investigating the effect of time window duration." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016319.

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Random matrix theory (RMT) exploits the distribution of singular values of the inter-element response matrix (IRM). If multiple scattering dominates the propagation, the singular value distribution follows the quarter circle law. However, dominance of single scattering results in Henkel function behavior of the singular value distribution. In our previous work, we have shown that this can be exploited to estimate severity of bleomycin-induced fibrosis (measured by histology) in rodent lungs. We showed that E( x), the expected value of the singular value distribution, as well as the singular value with the highest probability, correlated significantly with histology scores. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of these metrics to the time window duration used for the Singular Value Decomposition of the IRM, which is performed in the frequency domain, using overlapping time windows. A linear transducer with a central frequency of 7.8 MHz and a Verasonics scanner were used to obtain IRMs in 24 rat lungs. Different degrees of pulmonary fibrosis were induced using bleomycin in 18 rats while 6 rats were left as controls. The IRMs were time-windowed with different duration of 2T, 4T, and 6T where T is the transmitted pulse period. E(x) and were evaluated for each time window duration for all rat lungs. For all time window durations significant correlations were observed between and E(x), and histology scores. Wilcoxon ranksum tests show that the distributions obtained for and E(x) are not affected by the time window duration.
7

Zhou, Shun, Jian Xu, Dong Wang, Yong Wang, and Lijuan Meng. "Development an Immune-Related MicroRNA Risk Index in Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Journal of Oncology 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5224434.

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Purpose. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) has emerged as one of the most prevalent malignancies on a global scale. Recently, immunotherapy has achieved favorable effectiveness in the management of multiple cancers. However, there are limited therapeutic options for advanced HC. As the liver is a special immune organ, we intend to uncover potential and effective immunotherapeutic modalities for HC. Our study was designed to develop specific immune-related miRNAs (IRMs) for outcome assessment and individualized strategies for the management of HC. Methods. The miRNA-seq and survival data of TCGA-LIHC dataset was enrolled into this program. We first collected IRMs from Immune-miR website. Differentially expression analysis was applied to screen aberrantly expressed IRMs. In order to set up an IRM-related index (IRMRI) in HC, we conducted the Cox relevant methods. Next, the statistical approaches (survival curve and ROC curve analyses) were utilized to detect the evaluation capacity of our IRMRI. Subsequently, we obtained the target genes of hub miRNAs from IRMRI through three miRNA-related predictive online tools (miRDB, miRTarBase, and TargetScan websites). Results. Five IRMs were determined to develop the IRMRI. It can effectively segregate all HC cases from two different risk subgroups. We identified a marked discrepancy in survival outcome between the two groups by survival analysis and confirmed the reliability of IRMRI in two testing sets. Moreover, we collected 10 hub target genes (ESR1, IGF1, PDGFRB, JUN, MYC, ZWINT, MAD2L1, TOP2A, KIF11, and CDCA8) which were strongly linked to HC progression and malignant behavior. Conclusion. We screened out five hub IRMs with clinical value and constructed a risk index model in HC, which can precisely assess the risk status and outcome of patients to a certain extent.
8

AL-BEDRI, M. B. H., and I. J. ABDUL GHANI. "ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER BY PIXE TECHNIQUE." International Journal of PIXE 22, no. 03n04 (January 2012): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083512400384.

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Analysis of trace and toxic metals in untreated rainwater has been carried out using nondestructive proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) in combination with pre-concentration technique. The pre-concentration technique used for this purpose was carried out by evaporation of the rainwater samples at 50°C under atmospheric pressure. Untreated rainwater samples were collected from 10 different locations across Baghdad city, Iraq. The mean concentration values of the elements ( Al, Ca, Co, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Br, Rb and Sr ) in rainwater samples were determined simultaneously at the parts per billion (ppb) levels. The rainwater samples and certified reference materials (CRMs) were irradiated with 2.0 MeV proton beam from Van de Graaff accelerator. The accuracy of the results was proved by using certified reference materials (GSP-2). The results were compared with the published data, Iraqi standards (IRQ), European standards (EU), and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. The purpose of this work was to obtain the total elemental compositions of rainwater in Iraq.
9

Wijayanto, Gatot, Yuyus Suryana, Yevis Marty Oesman, and Arief Helmi. "THE PERCEPTION OF CUSTOMER VALUE AND ITS INFLUENCE TO SELF CONSEPT IN USING CREDIT CARD." International Review of Management and Marketing 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/irmm.

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10

Clack, Lauren, Simone Passerini, Tanja Manser, and Hugo Sax. "Likelihood of Infectious Outcomes Following Infectious Risk Moments During Patient Care—An International Expert Consensus Study and Quantitative Risk Index." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 3 (March 2018): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.327.

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OBJECTIVETo elicit expert consensus on the likelihood of infectious outcomes (patient colonization or infection) following a broad range of infectious risk moments (IRMs) from observations in acute care.DESIGNExpert consensus study using modified Delphi technique.PARTICIPANTSPanel of 40 international experts including nurses, physicians and microbiologists specialized in infectious diseases and infection prevention and control (IPC).METHODSThe modified Delphi process consisted of 3 online survey rounds, with feedback of mean ratings and expert comments between rounds. The Delphi survey comprised 52 care scenarios representing observed IRMs organized into 6 sections: hands, gloves, medical devices, mobile objects, invasive procedures, and additional moments. For each scenario, experts indicated the likelihood of both patient colonization and infection on a scale from 0 to 5 (high). Expert ratings were plotted against frequencies of IRMs observed during actual patient care resulting in a risk index.RESULTSFollowing 3 rounds, consensus was achieved for 92 of 104 items (88.5%). The mean ratings across all scenarios for likelihood of colonization and infection were 2.68 and 2.02, respectively. The likelihood of colonization was rated higher than infection for 48 of 52 scenarios. Ratings were significantly higher for colonization (P=.001) and infection (P<.0005) when the scenario involved transfer of pathogens to critical patient sites.CONCLUSIONSThe design of effective IPC strategies requires the selection of behaviors according to their impact on patient outcomes. The IRM index reported here provides a basis for standardizing and prioritizing targets for quality improvement initiatives, training, and future research in acute health care.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:280–289
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "IRMq":

1

Kadalie, Emile. "Development of multi-parametric human MRI at 3T." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0493.

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L'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) est une méthode de choix pour le diagnostic, le pronostic et le suivi de pathologies des tissus mous. En effet, les forts contrastes entre les tissus peuvent être modulés à la demande. Cette technique n’a jusqu’à présent montré aucune influence néfaste, permettant des examens répétitifs à haute résolution.L’IRM quantitative (IRMq) est extrêmement intéressante, car elle fournit des cartes dans lesquelles chaque pixel contient une mesure d’un paramètre physique. Contrairement aux images conventionnelles, cette quantification aide à l’interprétation objective des images et fournit une échelle de comparaison entre examens et entre les patients.Parmi les paramètres physiques quantifiables, les temps de relaxation longitudinale (T1) et transversale (T2) sont les plus courants.La séquence Dual Echo Steady State (DESS) est utilisée en IRM ostéoarticulaire pour obtenir rapidement des images anatomiques et une cartographie T2 3D. En acquérant deux échos distincts, deux images à contrastes différents sont reconstruites. Leur rapport est utilisé pour obtenir des cartes T2, en le faisant correspondre à un dictionnaire calculé à partir de nombreux signaux simulés. Néanmoins, la séquence est sensible au mouvement, générant des artefacts et des variations dans les mesures de T2. Par conséquent, l’objectif principal de mon travail a été de développer une séquence DESS 3D rapide pour l’imagerie cérébrale permettant une estimation précise de T2 et une répétabilité élevée à 3T.Pour cela, j'ai d'abord identifié la cause de l'artefact présent sur les images cérébrales, grâce à l'insertion d'un module d’auto-synchronisation (SG). Sa phase étant corrélée au signal d'une ceinture respiratoire, les variations de B0 dues à la respiration ont ainsi été identifiées comme la source des artefact.Pour corriger cet artefact, une trajectoire spécifique à la technique Compressed Sensing (CS) a été optimisée pour regrouper rétrospectivement les données en plusieurs phases respiratoires et reconstruire les espaces de Fourier sous-échantillonnés en images de haute qualité. Pour augmenter la répétabilité de la méthode, l’encodage cartésien conventionnel a été remplacé par un encodage cartésien spiralé, qui répartit l'artefact sous forme de bruit sur les images. Des cartes 3D T2 ont ensuite été acquises avec une résolution spatiale isotrope de 1,2 mm, et étaient de haute qualité et reproductibles sur tous les volontaires.J’ai prouvé que la méthode d’acquisition couplée à la méthode de reconstruction mises en place au cours de cette thèse pouvait être utilisée sur des images obtenues à partir de différents imageurs, et de différents champs magnétiques (1,5T et 7T).Malgré ces améliorations, les valeurs de T2 sont courtes par rapport à une séquence Spin-Echo. Des simulations ont mis en évidence l’influence des variations de B0 sur les erreurs de T2, ainsi que la forte sensibilité de la DESS aux composantes à T2 courts. Pour corriger les mesures, un dictionnaire incluant des variations de B0 a été créé dans le cas où la séquence DESS serait appliquée sur un organe en mouvement comme le foie.Comme le T1 et le B1 doivent être mesurés pour corriger les mesures de T2, une estimation simultanée du T1 et T2 a été étudiée. Les trains d'écho de gradient au sein de la séquence MP2RAGE ont ainsi été remplacés par des trains DESS. L'optimisation des paramètres de séquence a été explorée via la méthode Cramer Rao Lower Bound afin d'obtenir des cartes T1 et T2 précises.En conclusion, grâce à l’implémentation d'un module d'auto-synchronisation, d'un encodage cartésien spiralé et d'une reconstruction Compressed-Sensing, la nouvelle séquence DESS permet une estimation rapide et répétable du T2 dans l'ensemble du cerveau, en 3D, à plusieurs champs magnétiques.Des améliorations sont nécessaires pour améliorer la précision du T2 et quantifier simultanément plusieurs paramètres via l'application d'une seule séquence
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a method of choice for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of pathologies in soft tissues. Indeed, strong contrasts between tissues are obtained and can be modulated on demand. This imaging technique has not shown any harmful influence, enabling repetitive high-resolution exams.Quantitative MRI (qMRI) has become incredibly interesting these last ten years, as it provides maps in which each pixel contains a measurement of a physical parameter. As such, contrarily to conventional images obtained on a gray scale, this MR quantification can be employed to obtain objective interpretations of the images, and to provide a scale for comparing time points and patients.Among the physics parameters that can be quantified, the longitudinal (T1) and the transversal (T2) relaxation times are the most common.The Dual Echo Steady State (DESS) sequence has often been used in musculo-skeletal MRI to rapidly obtain high-contrast morphological images and 3D quantitative T2 mapping. By acquiring two distinct steady-state free precession echoes, two images with different contrasts are built, whose ratio can be used to procure T2 maps by matching it to a computed dictionary of many simulated signals. Nonetheless, the sequence has often been described as sensitive to physiological motion, generating artifacts as well as discrepancies in T2 values. Consequently, the main objective of my work was to implement a rapid 3D DESS sequence for brain imaging that enables T2 estimation accurately and with high repeatability at 3T.To do so, I first identified the cause of the ghosting artifact present in the DESS brain images, through the insertion of a Self-Gating (SG) module. As, its phase was correlated to the signal retrieved from a respiratory belt, B0 variations due to breathing were consequently identified as the source of the ghosting on the brain images.To correct this artifact, a Compressed Sensing dedicated trajectory was implemented so as to retrospectively bin the data into multiple respiratory phases, and reconstruct undersampled k-spaces into images with high quality. To increase the repeatability of the method, the conventional Cartesian encoding was replaced by a Spiral Cartesian encoding, which further distributed the artifact as noise on the images. 3D T2 maps were then acquired with a spatial resolution of 1.2mm isotropic, and were of high quality and repeatable on all the volunteers.The new methodology was then implemented on a 1.5T and a 7T Siemens scanners. This proved that the corrected DESS method set in place during this PhD can be used on images obtained from different scanners, and different magnetic fields.Despite these improvements, the brain T2 values remained short compared to a Spin-Echo sequence. To investigate this issue, several simulations were performed and highlighted the influence of B0 variations in the T2 errors, as well as the high sensitivity to short T2 components. To correct the measurements, a dictionary taking into account multiple B0 variations was created. This will be useful in the case where the DESS sequence is applied on a moving organ like the liver.Also, as additional sequences have to be inserted into the protocol to correct the T2 measurements, a simultaneous T1 and T2 estimation was investigated. To reach this goal, the gradient echo trains within the MP2RAGE sequence were replaced by DESS trains. Sequence parameter optimization was explored via the Cramer Rao Lower Bound method so as to obtain both accurate T1 and T2 maps.In conclusion, through the implementation of a self-gating module, a spiral Cartesian encoding and a Compressed-Sensing acceleration, the new DESS sequence allows a rapid and repeatable estimation of T2 in the whole brain in 3D at multiple magnetic fields.Further improvements are needed to improve the T2 accuracy, and to simultaneously measure multiple quantitative parameters though the application of one sequence
2

Renauld, Emmanuelle. "Les morphologies du thalamus, du corps géniculé latéral et de la radiation optique n'influencent pas les ondes alpha EEG." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6810.

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Résumé : Au repos, l'activité du cerveau d'un humain sain est caractérisée par de larges fluctuations dans la bande de fréquences de 8-13 Hz d'un électroencéphalogramme (EEG), connue sous le nom de bande alpha. Bien qu'il soit établi que son activité varie d'un individu à l'autre, peu d'études se sont intéressées à la façon dont elle peut être reliée aux variations morphologiques des structures du cerveau. Entre autres, on pense que le corps géniculé latéral (CGL) et ses fibres efférentes (la radiation optique) jouent un rôle clé sur l'activité alpha, bien qu'il n'est pas certain que leur forme ou leur grosseur contribuent à sa variabilité inter-individuelle. Considérant l'utilisation courante d'EEG dans la recherche fondamentale ou clinique, ce sujet est important, mais difficile à traiter vu les problèmes associés à une bonne segmentation du CGL et de la radiation optique. Pour cette raison, nous avons utilisé la résonance magnétique de diffusion (IRMd), la résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) et l'EEG sur 20 sujets sains pour mesurer la structure et la fonction, respectivement. L'analyse de la structure a nécessité une nouvelle approche semi-automatique pour segmenter le CGL et la radiation optique, qui nous a permis de mesurer plusieurs variables, telles que le volume et la position. Ces mesures correspondent bien aux connaissances sur la morphologie de ces structures basées sur des études post-mortem, et pourtant, nous avons trouvé que leur variabilité inter-sujet n'influençait pas la puissance des ondes alpha ou leur fréquence-type (p>0.05). Ces résultats suggèrent que la variabilité alpha soit médiée par d'autres sources structurelles. Notre méthodologie pourra servir pour de futures recherches sur l'influence de l'anatomie sur la fonction en IRMf, tomographie par émission de positron (TEP), EEG, etc., ou pour améliorer les recherches cliniques sur la radiation optique.
Abstract : At rest, healthy human brain activity is characterized by large electroencephalography (EEG) fluctuations in the 8-13 Hz range, commonly referred to as the alpha band. Although it is well known that EEG alpha activity varies across individuals, few studies have investigated how this may be related to underlying morphological variations in brain structure. Specifically, it is generally believed that the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and its efferent fibres (optic radiation, OR) play a key role in alpha activity, yet it is unclear whether their shape or size variations contribute to its inter-subject variability. Given the widespread use of EEG alpha in basic and clinical research, addressing this is important, though difficult given the problems associated with reliably segmenting the LGN and OR. For this, we employed a multi-modal approach and combined diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and EEG in 20 healthy subjects to measure structure and function, respectively. For the former, we developed a new, semi-automated approach for segmenting the OR and LGN, from which we extracted several structural metrics such as volume, position and diffusivity. Although these measures corresponded well with known morphology based on previous post-mortem studies, we nonetheless found that their inter-subject variability was not significantly correlated to alpha power or peak frequency (p > 0.05). Our results therefore suggest that alpha variability may be mediated by an alternative structural source and our proposed methodology may in general help in better understanding the influence of anatomy on function.
3

Vigneau-Roy, Nicolas. "Structure et fonction du cerveau : lien entre la densité vasculaire régionale et l'amplitude du signal BOLD." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6370.

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Résumé: L’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle est devenue un des outils principaux pour mesurer l’activité cérébrale chez l’Homme de façon non-invasive. Le type de séquence plus fréquemment utilisé à ces fins est le signal dépendant du niveau d'oxvgène sanguin (BOLD signal) car il reflète les changements hémodynamiques associés à l’activité cérébrale et offr l’avantage d'être relativement facile à mesurer. Cependant, cette mesure est dépendante du niveau de désoxyhémoglobine, présent dans les veines. L'architecture structurelle de ces dernières varie considérablement d'une région du cerveau à l'autre et cela fait en sorte qu'il est ardu de savoir si les différences inter-régionales sont dues à des différences au niveau de l’activité neuronale ou de la structure vasculaire. C'est pour répondre à cette question que nous avons observé la relation entre les variations régionales de densité vasculaire (VAD) et l’amplitude du signal BOLD au repos et en présence d'un stimulus. Nous avons implémenté une méthode de segmentation des veines pour des images en pondération de susceptibilité (SWI). Nous avons également utilisé une méthode de segmentation des tissus (Morphométrie Basée sur les Voxels (VBM )) pour séparer les tissus et calculer une mesure de densité de matière. Nous avons trouvé qu'indépendamment de la taille des voxels, les variations régionales d'amplitude du signal BOLD au repos et du signal évoqué par une tâche sont mieux corrélées avec la VAD qu'avec la densité de matière grise. En utilisant un modèle linéaire général, nous avons observé qu'une grande partie des variations régionales au repos pouvait être modélisée par la VAD. En somme, nos résultats suggèrent que le signal BOLD au repos est intimement relié à la structure vasculaire. Utiliser la densité vasculaire afin de calibrer les mesures d'amplitude du signal BOLD au repos nous permettra d'interpréter de façon plus précise et d'obtenir de meilleures informations sur les différences observées entre plusieurs groupes de sujets et de patients. // Abstract: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has become one of the primary tools used for non-invasively measuring brain activity in humans. For the most part, the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast is used, which reflects changes in heinodynamics associated with active brain tissue. The main advantage of the BOLD signal is that it is relatively easy to measure and thus is often used as a proxy for comparing brain function across population groups (i.e. control vs. patient). However, it is particularly weighted towards veins whose structural architecture is known to vary considerably across the brain. This makes it difficult to interpret whether differences in BOLD between cortical areas reflect true differences in neu-ral activity or vascular structure. We therefore investigated how regional variations of vascular density (VAD) relate to the amplitude of resting-state and task-evoked BOLD signals. To address this, we first developed an automated method for segmen-ting veins in images acquired with susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), allowing us to visualize the venoms vascular tree across the brain. In 19 healthy subjects, we then applied Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBNI) to Ti-weighted images and compu-ted regional measures of gray matter density (GNID). We found that, independent of spatial scale. regional variations in resting-state and task-evoked fNIRI amplitude was better correlated to VAD compared to GRID. Using a general linear model (GLNI). it was observed that the bulk of regional variance in resting-state activity could be modelled by VAD. Taken together, our results suggest that resting-state BOLD signals are signifi-cantly related to the underlying structure of the brain vascular system. Calibrating resting BOLD activity by venous structure may result in a more accurate interpreta-tion of differences observed between cortical areas and/or individuals.
4

Atherton, Karen. "Irma." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/647.

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5

Bradley, Judah C. "Iraq Reconstruction." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11492.

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The invasion planning, execution and ongoing reconstruction operations in Iraq are extremely complex. Using research, personal experience and experience of deployed members, this paper documents reconstruction events which led to the current situation in Iraq, discusses reconstruction lesson learned and offers alternative approaches which may decrease time and budget requirements for future reconstruction operations.
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Brewer, Joshua J. "Iraq, Reconsidered." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/27.

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This paper sets itself upon analyzing the Iraq War of 2003 through the lens of modern Just War Theory. We will begin with a curt summary of Iraq’s history, focusing particularly on its determinedly odious leader, Saddam Hussein. Thereon, we will be analyzing a pro-war security argument, the aim of which is to assess the threat of Hussein’s weaponry ambitions and what that threat meant to the world. Next, we will be going over the tenets of Just War Theory itself, tracing its history from Rome to the modern doorstep, and applying the security argument to its dictum. Afterwards, we move into the anti-war segment and shall unpack the subject of Iraq's oil resources and whether or not the United States' actions disqualify the intervention from achieving Just War status. Then, our next section shall be addressing the same question of potential disqualification, only this time from the angle of the war’s questionable legality. Finally, we shall conclude on the ultimate query of this paper: was the U.S. decision to intervene in 2003’s Iraq compatible with the modern principles of Just War Theory?
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Al-Ali, Dhurgham Fadhil Hussein. "Modernising Iraq : a legislative proposal to regulate timesharing agreements in Iraq." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modernising-iraq-a-legislative-proposal-to-regulate-timesharing-agreements-in-iraq(ebdf5d1b-ca86-4f12-b00d-a302441e6425).html.

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This thesis seeks to provide the Iraqi legislature with a proposal to regulate the timesharing industry in Iraq. The aim of the primary research question of the thesis is to ascertain what features of legal regimes for timeshare are likely to provide the optimal system of a timeshare operation in any jurisdiction, from which a legislative proposal for Iraq will be suggested. In answering this research question, the thesis has analysed the problems associated with the timeshare market. The analysis of the problems has been done by consulting the European Timeshare Directives, European timeshare policy documents, key cases and relevant literature. This is to establish an evaluative framework from which a set of questions has been derived. These questions have then been used to carry out a functional analysis in respect of timeshare models which are in use in the common law jurisdictions of England and Wales and some of the States in America because a significant proportion of the world’s timesharing projects occur in these jurisdictions. The thesis has also considered the timeshare models which are in use in the civil law jurisdictions of France and Egypt as timeshare projects are prevalent in those countries, and also the Iraqi civil code is based upon the civil codes of France and Egypt. This is to determine the features of legal regimes which are likely to lead to the optimal system of timeshare in any jurisdiction. Once this has been achieved, the thesis will then move to assess the extracted optimal features in terms of compatibility to Iraqi law in order to make a legislative proposal for Iraq in respect of timeshare. This thesis is a doctrinal legal research, and it has largely used the comparative law methodology, as it is extremely useful for law reform in developing countries.
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Kadhum, Oula. "Diasporic interventions : state-building in Iraq following the 2003 Iraq war." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/93250/.

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This study addresses how the UK and the Swedish Iraqi diaspora mobilised towards state-building in Iraq following the 2003 US led intervention. It explores why some diaspora mobilised towards state-building processes through institution-building and governance while others through civil society. While the literature has explored diasporic development and peace-building, it has not systematically addressed diaspora mobilisation for state-building. Neither has it paid sufficient attention to the factors that shape diasporic political choices in intervention and conflict settings. My thesis contributes to this body of literature and argues that an overlooked dimension of state-building, is that of civil society. State-building involves top-down approaches of institution-building but also bottom-up approaches of participatory politics that encourage democratic practices. I thus develop a new two-category operationalization of state-building to capture the interventions and transnational fields of different diaspora groups and individuals. My findings show that during different time periods, three factors have shaped the mobilisation of the UK and Swedish Iraqi diaspora towards state-building; diaspora profiles, hostland foreign policies towards the homeland and links to homeland political parties in Iraq. Theoretically these findings demonstrate that diaspora's socio-economic profiles and networks are key to understanding the type of politics that diaspora can engage in. Meanwhile, hostland foreign policies can shape diasporic interventions by creating different relationships with homelands and thus different opportunities for engagement. Furthermore, in divided societies, diaspora connected to homeland political parties, or represented by them, are more likely to be involved in the apparatus of the state, where as those excluded are more likely to engage outside the structures of power through civil society. Finally, my study demonstrates that temporal vii dimensions are crucial for understanding, which factors mattered, when and why. Empirically, this thesis also contributes original knowledge about the UK and Swedish Iraqi diaspora. It sheds new light into the myriad ways that diaspora in these two countries have been attempting to rebuild the country after the 2003 intervention by illustrating their efforts and experiences, and how it has informed their current relationship to Iraq.
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AL, Baldawi Wisam Qusay Majeed. "Translating Iraq: The “Unknown Soldiers” of the US Occupation of Iraq." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308165447.

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10

Al-Bidery, Sinan Abdulhamza. "Modernising Iraq : a vision for a comprehensive petroleum arbitration regime in Iraq." Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modernising-iraq--a-vision-for-a-comprehensive-petroleum-arbitration-regime-in-iraq(de87888f-2890-4104-bcdf-091c8c488561).html.

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This PhD research is concerned with the legal system for the settlement of petroleum disputes according to Iraqi law. It deals with international commercial arbitration as a means of resolving such disputes under Iraqi law, since Iraq does not have an adequate legal system for resolving disputes arising from petroleum agreements. It has not yet enacted specific legislation regulating or governing international commercial arbitration in general, and petroleum arbitration in particular. It is still dependent on the Code of Civil Procedure of 1969, which does not suffice to attract international investment. In addition, Iraq has not yet ratified or signed the leading international conventions concerning arbitration, such as the New York Convention of 1958 or the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The thesis of this PhD is that Iraq needs special rules for the arbitration of petroleum disputes. These rules should achieve the balance between the needs of Iraq in its transitional period and foreign investors’ interests. The promulgation of a petroleum arbitration laws is an important legal guarantee which can attract international petroleum companies to Iraq. Both referencing and black- letter analysis methodology is followed in this thesis. The referancing approach consists of referance to the laws of selected developing countries, especially China and the United Arab Emirates, which have experience and expertise in investment and arbitration. The black- letter analysis approach is also deployed to analyse Iraqi attitudes towards arbitration, the legal nature of petroleum agreements and the challenges facing Iraq causing reluctant and hesitation in developing a comprehensive petroleum arbitration regime. This study tests, and finds it convincing that petroleum agreements are, indeed a special kind of investment agreement. The subject matter of this agreement is of exceptional monetary value and belongs to the Iraqi people. Article 111 of the Iraqi Constitutional of 2005 provides that “Oil and Gas are owned by all the people of Iraq in all regions and governorates”.1 Therefore, these agreements should be treated differently by subjecting them to a specialised arbitration regime rather than ordinary international commercial arbitration. The author’s vision, set out in this work, is that Iraq should promulgate petroleum arbitration laws and develop a specialised system to support this. These laws would lend weight to the application of Iraqi national law, and make the country more attractive for foreign investment. An independent petroleum arbitration centre should be established along the lines of Dubai’s International Arbitration Center and the Chinese International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission. Its awards should be considered as final and enforced in the same manner as domestic awards. 1 Iraqi Constitution of 2005 publishes in Official Gazette issue 4012 of 28 May 2005. An English Language translation of the 2005 Constitution is available at http://investpromo.gov.iq/policies-and-laws/ (accessed on 10 April 2014).
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Книги з теми "IRMq":

1

Papadopoulos, Athanase, ed. Topology and Geometry. Zuerich, Switzerland: European Mathematical Society Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/irma/33.

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2

Devine, Marjorie. Irma. Toronto: Vauve Press, 2002.

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3

Sonneborn, Liz. Iraq. New York: Children's Press, 2012.

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4

Paul, Mason. Iraq. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2012.

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5

Niblock, Tim. Iraq. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252719.

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6

El-Shibiny, Mohamed. Iraq. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230107731.

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7

Hassig, Susan M. Iraq. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1993.

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8

Hassig, Susan M. Iraq. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1993.

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9

Rowell, Rebecca. Iraq. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co., 2011.

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10

Crusoe, Jonathan. Iraq. London: Middle East Economic Digest, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "IRMq":

1

Taylor, Ann C. M. "Iraq." In International Handbook of Universities, 475–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12912-6_68.

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2

Chaichan, Miqdam Tariq, and Hussein A. Kazem. "Iraq." In Generating Electricity Using Photovoltaic Solar Plants in Iraq, 11–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75031-6_2.

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3

Eberhard, F. "Iraq." In International Handbook of Universities, 568–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09323-6_49.

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4

Turner, Barry. "Iraq." In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 665–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_189.

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5

Turner, Barry. "Iraq." In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 667–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_189.

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6

El-Shaarawi, Nadia. "Iraq." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 946–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_425.

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7

Rammo, N. N. "Iraq." In World Directory of Crystallographers, 93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3697-8_32.

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8

Rammo, N. N. "Iraq." In World Directory of Crystallographers, 85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3701-2_30.

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9

Rammo, N. N. "Iraq." In World Directory of Crystallographers, 88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3703-6_30.

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10

Hehir, Aidan. "Iraq." In Humanitarian Intervention, 244–64. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-30157-4_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "IRMq":

1

Najaf, A. A. "Hydrocarbon Potential of the Sargelu Formation, North Iraq." In Second EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131470.

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2

Attar, A. A. "Treatment of Missing and Corrupted Data in Waterfloods using the Reservoir Simple Models." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414382.

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3

Wells, M., R. Brown, A. Bowman, D. Kitching, D. Finucane, and B. Kostic. "Early Cretaceous Deltaic Deposits of the Zubair Formation, SE Iraq: Depositional Controls on Reservoir Performance." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414357.

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4

Lehmann, C., J. Gardner, K. Totton, M. Fuchs, A. Holden, and O. J. Olatoke. "Sequence Stratigraphy and Reservoir Heterogeneity Related to the Mishrif Formation, Rumaila Field, Southern Iraq." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414349.

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5

Yose, L. A., H. Alqassab, S. Fullmer, S. Van Simaeys, D. Viator, A. Wawrrzynski, and N. Stephens. "Impact of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Field Development and Reservoir Management of the Mishrif Reservoir, West Qurna I, Southern Iraq." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414350.

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6

Davies, Q., D. Green, N. Belyaeva, A. Chistyakov, T. Ershov, and S. Yakubovskiy. "Sequence Stratigraphy of the Mishrif Formation West Qurna-2 Field." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414351.

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7

Van Simaeys, S., S. Fullmer, L. Yose, and N. Stephens. "Preliminary Sequence-Stratigraphic Framework and Reservoir Characteristics of the Mauddud Reservoir, West Qurna 1 Field, Iraq." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414352.

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8

Olatoke, O. J., K. Tough, C. Lehmann, and J. Gardner. "Using Multiple Seismic Attributes to Improve Characteristics of the Complex Mishrif Carbonate Reservoir, Rumaila Field, South East Iraq." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414353.

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9

Bhan Rai, U., A. Adwani, H. Mishra, E. Follows, F. Abbas, and M. A. Mohammed. "Review of Lost Circulation Mechanisms in a Southern Iraq Oil Field." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414354.

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10

Luoni, F., A. Amato del Monte, C. Chinigo, A. Corrao, M. Fervari, S. Miraglia, J. Rodrigues, and E. Sanguinetti. "A Seismic Case Study in Southern Iraq: From 3D Acquisition to Seismic Characterization of Mishrif Reservoir." In Third EAGE Workshop on Iraq. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201414355.

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Звіти організацій з теми "IRMq":

1

Post, Jerrold M., and Amatzia Baram. Saddam is Iraq: Iraq is Saddam"". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424787.

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2

Levinson-LaBrosse, Alana Marie. Poems from Iraq. Autumn Hill Books, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26598/auis_ug_kash_2017_01_01.

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3

Alkubaisi, Hassan M. Entanglement in Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424179.

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4

Kelly, Thomas E. Crossroads in Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada479202.

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5

Harvey, Thomas H. Between Iraq and a Hard Place: US Policy Toward Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436533.

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6

Cramer, Joseph F. Operational Insights of Iraq Gleamed from the Iran-Iraq War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236758.

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7

Bouchard, Ronald M. Information Operations in Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363160.

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8

Russell, James A., and James J. Wirtz. Preventive War against Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada525423.

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9

Carlucci, Renee, Ashley Francis, and Charles Weko. Retrograde from Iraq (RFI). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603979.

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10

Alaaldin, Ranj. Proxy War in Iraq. VT Publishing, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/proxy-wars-alaaldin.

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