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Статті в журналах з теми "Integral losses"
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Mavrin, A. A., A. V. Demura, D. S. Leont'ev, and V. S. Lisitsa. "Radiatsionnye poteri deytronov, tritonov i al'fa-chastits na ionakh vol'frama v plazme tokamakov-reaktorov ITER i EU–DEMO." Письма в Журнал экспериментальной и теоретической физики 118, no. 11-12 (12) (December 15, 2023): 816–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1234567823230052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Integral radiative losses of deuterons, tritons, and alpha particles on impurity tungsten ions have been calculated for the first time within the statistical theory of the atom for the designed operational regimes of the ITER and EU-DEMO tokamak reactors. It was previously shown within the statistical theory of the atom that specific radiative losses of this new ion channel are comparable with specific electron radiative losses, which also include losses due to bremsstrahlung, radiative and dielectron recombination. Integral radiative losses have been calculated within the numerical model of fusion power isolines, which was previously proposed to study the operational space and design regimes of tokamak reactors. Spatial distributions of the tungsten density with various degrees of peaking in the center of a plasma column have been considered to study the influence of the accumulation of the impurity on integral radiative losses. It has been found that the studied new channel adds about 20 and 30% to the total integral radiative losses on tungsten in the ITER and E-U‑DEMO tokamak reactors, respectively. Consequently, this channel of radiative losses should be taken into account to examine in more detail the working scenarios of these devices.
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Zajtsev, F. S., A. P. Smirnov, and P. N. Yushmanov. "Integral stochastic alpha particle losses in a tokamak reactor." Nuclear Fusion 26, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 1311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/26/10/004.
Повний текст джерела
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Statra, Yazid, Hocine Menana, and Bruno Douine. "Integral Modeling of AC Losses in HTS Tapes With Magnetic Substrates." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 32, no. 2 (March 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2021.3139383.
Повний текст джерела
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Blakyta, Ganna, Olena Matusova, Halyna Lanovska, and Victor Adamenko. "Integral assessment of business environment security." Problems and Perspectives in Management 15, no. 4 (December 25, 2017): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4-1).2017.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The methodological approach to the integral assessment of business environment security is developed in the article; the blocks of factors of business environment security are identified and the indices which affect the formation of economic security of entrepreneurship are analyzed. The integral indicator for assessing business environment security is based on 6 indicators, which are the most significant elements of the business environment formation: the availability of basic economic freedoms, the favorable organizational conditions for doing business, the state of political and legal system, the level (quality) of life, resource provision and infrastructure development, innovation development. A comparative analysis of the integral indicator of business environment security of Ukraine with the Baltic countries, Black Sea region countries and the Visegrad Group countries is carried out. The article identifies interdependence between the business environment security and the share of unprofitable enterprises. The functional relationship of the business environment security with the number of bankrupt enterprises and the level of enterprises losses is substantiated as well. The model shows that the increase of environmental security leads to the decrease of a number of bankruptcies exponentially. The negative and positive factors which influence the formation of economic security of entrepreneurship are revealed.
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Ratcliffe, Matthew, and Louise Richardson. "Grief over Non-Death Losses." Passion: Journal of the European Philosophical Society for the Study of Emotions 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2023): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.59123/passion.v1i1.12287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grief is often thought of as an emotional response to the death of someone we love. However, the term “grief” is also used when referring to losses of various other kinds, as with grief over illness, injury, unemployment, diminished abilities, relationship breakups, or loss of significant personal possessions. Complementing such uses, we propose that grief over a bereavement and other experiences of loss share a common phenomenological structure: one experiences the loss of certain possibilities that were integral to—and perhaps central to—the unfolding structure of one’s life. Grief can thus be conceived of in a broad but still univocal way. To develop this position, we focus on the example of grief over involuntary childlessness, where lack of a concrete, historical object of emotion serves to make explicit the way in which grief concerns future possibilities. We go on to suggest that the phenomenological complexity, diversity, and prevalence of grief are obscured when approached via an abstract, simplified conception of bereavement.
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Mimic, Dajan, Christoph Jätz, and Florian Herbst. "Correlation between total pressure losses of highly loaded annular diffusers and integral stage design parameters." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 2 (August 27, 2018): I9AB30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22261/jgpps.i9ab30.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diffusers convert kinetic flow energy into a rise in static pressure. This pressure recovery is the primary aerodynamic design objective for exhaust gas diffusers in power-generating steam and gas turbines. The total pressure loss is an equally important diffuser design parameter. It is strongly linked to the pressure recovery and the residual kinetic energy of the diffuser outlet flow. A reduction benefits the overall thermodynamic cycle, which requires the adjacent components of a diffuser to be included in the design process. This paper focuses on the total pressure losses in the boundary layer of a highly loaded annular diffuser. Due to its large opening angle the diffuser is susceptible to flow separation under uniform inlet conditions, which is a major source for total pressure losses. However, the unsteady tip leakage vortices of the upstream rotor, which are a source of losses, stabilise the boundary layer and prevent separation. Experiments and unsteady numerical simulation conducted show that the total pressure loss reduction caused by the delayed boundary layer separation exceed the vortex-induced losses by far. This flow interaction between the rotor and diffuser consequently decreases the overall total pressure losses. The intensity of the tip leakage vortex is linked to three rotor design parameters, namely work coefficient, flow coefficient and reduced blade-passing frequency. Based on these parameters, we propose a semi-empiric correlation to predict and evaluate the change in total pressure losses with regards to design operating conditions.
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Suartika, I. Made, Rukmi Sari Hartati, and I. B. G. Manuaba. "Damping Harmonic Distortion Using Active Filter with PID Control at Udayana University Faculty of Engineering Bukit Jimbaran." Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2018.v02.i02.p02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increased THD (Total Harmonics Distortion) in the utility, caused by the increasing operation of non-linear loads. High THD current (THDi) will affect the increase of power losses in the power system. In this study, THD analysis of the simulation results was performed according to IEEE 519-2014 standard on existing condition, shunt active filter operating condition and shunt active filter operating conditions with PID (proportional integral derivative) control, also analyzed losses before and after harmonic impact. The result of losses analysis on existing condition: losses phases R 3.38%, phase S 2.29%, phase T 3.33%. Total losses on existing condition 9.01%. Operation with active shunt filter is obtained losses for phase R 1.60%, phase S 2.46%, phase T 1.67%, so the total losses become 5.73%. While using the active filter with PID control for losses phase R 1.02%, phases S 0.89%, phases T 0.99%, so the total losses fell to 2.18%
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Artemenko, М. Yu, V. М. Mykhalskyi, and І. А. Shapoval. "Active filtration theory of multiphase power supply sys tems aimed at minimizing the power loss in the transmission line." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 11 (2020): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2020.11.039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The active filtration theory of multiphase power supply systems aimed at minimizing the power losses in the transmission line has been further developed. New relations are substantiated, and a new physical content is given for the instantaneous active current and the instantaneous apparent power, which take into account the dependence of the transmission line resistance ratio and correspond to similar integrated values of the periodic mode of a multiphase power supply system. It is shown that the instantaneous and integral values of the minimum possible losses are proportional to the square of the load power and inversely proportional to the short-circuit power. These values can be used to determine the power factors of a given load and gain coefficients for power losses. The calculated ratios for the gain coefficients for the instantaneous and integral power losses when using a shunt active filter with control strategies that form in the transmission line vectors of the active current according to the proposed formulas were obtained. The results of computer simulation confirmed the adequacy of all modified relations for the basic concepts of the active filtration theory of multiphase power supply systems and the advantages of the proposed active filtration strategies.
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Goryslavets, Yu M., O. I. Gluhenky, and V. I. Zalozny. "MODELING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSES IN INDUCTION CHANNEL FURNACES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT METAL FRAMES." Praci Institutu elektrodinamiki Nacionalanoi akademii nauk Ukraini 2023, no. 64 (May 8, 2022): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/publishing2023.64.064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the basis of the formulated mathematical model for the study of electromagnetic processes in a two-phase (two-inductor) induction channel furnace, electrical losses in the metal frameworks of the furnace were calculated for vari-ous options for their sectioning. The influence of the phase angle between the voltages feeding the inductors of the fur-nace on the distribution of specific and integral losses in the frames is determined. Practical recommendations for re-ducing these losses in order to increase the efficiency of melting furnaces are presented. Ref. 5, fig. 5.
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Giussani, Luca, Luca Di Rienzo, Massimo Bechis, and Carlo de Falco. "Losses Computation in Thin Conductive Sheaths of Power Cables via an Integral Approach." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 57, no. 6 (June 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2021.3065673.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Integral losses"
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Lambert, Alex. "Learning function-valued functions in reproducible kernel Hilbert spaces with integral losses : Application to infinite task learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAT016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les méthodes à noyaux sont au coeur de l'apprentissage statistique. Elles permettent de modéliser des fonctions à valeurs réelles dans des espaces de fonctions à fort potentiel représentatif, sur lesquels la minimisation de risques empiriques régularisés est possible et produit des estimateurs dont le comportement statistique est largement étudié. Lorsque les sorties ne sont plus réelles mais de plus grande dimension, les Espaces de Hilbert à Noyaux Reproduisants à valeurs vectorielles (vv-RKHSs) basés sur des Noyaux à Valeurs Opérateurs (OVKs) fournissent des espaces de fonctions similaires et permettent de traiter des problèmes tels que l'apprentissage multi-tâche, la prédiction structurée ou la régression à valeurs fonctionnelles. Dans cette thèse, nous introduisons une extension fonctionnelle originale du cadre multi-tâche appelée Apprentissage d'un Continuum de Tâches (ITL), qui permet de résoudre conjointement un continuum de tâches paramétrées, parmi lesquelles la régression quantile, la classification à coût assymétrique, ou l'estimation de niveaux de densité. Nous proposons un cadre d'apprentissage basé sur des fonctions de pertes intégrales qui comprend à la fois l'ITL et la régression à valeurs fonctionnelles, ainsi que des méthodes d'optimisation pour résoudre les problèmes de minimisation de risque empirique régularisé résultants. Par un échantillonage des pertes intégrales, nous obtenons une représentation de dimension finie des solutions pour différents choix de régularisation ou pénalités liées à la forme des fonctions, tout en gardant un contrôle théorique sur les capacités en généralisation des estimateurs. L'usage de la dualité lagrangienne vient approfondir ces méthodes, en apportant en particulier les moyens d'imposer des estimateurs parcimonieux ou robustes à l'aide de pertes convoluées. Les problèmes de passages à l'échelle sont traités par l'utilisation noyaux approchés, dont les vv-RKHSs associés sont de dimension finie. Nous proposons aussi une architecture composée d'un réseau de neurone et d'une dernière couche à noyaux, qui permet l'apprentissage de représentations appropriées aux noyaux utiles dans les applications avec des données complexes comme les images. Ces techniques sont appliquées à plusieurs problèmes d'ITL, ainsi qu'au problème de régression fonction-à-fonction robuste en présence de valeurs aberrantes. Enfin, nous revisitons les problemes de transfert de style sous l'angle ITL, avec une application au transfert d'émotionKernel methods are regarded as a cornerstone of machine learning.They allow to model real-valued functions in expressive functional spaces, over which regularized empirical risk minimization problems are amenable to optimization and yield estimators whose statistical behavior is well studied. When the outputs are not reals but higher dimensional, vector-valued Reproducible Kernel Hilbert Spaces (vv-RKHSs) based on Operator-Valued Kernels (OVKs) provide similarly powerful spaces of functions, and have proven useful to tackle problems such as multi-task learning, structured prediction, or function-valued regression.In this thesis, we introduce an original functional extension of multi-output learning called Infinite Task Learning (ITL), that allows to jointly solve an infinite number of parameterized tasks, including for instance quantile regression, cost-sensitive classification and density level set estimation.We propose a learning framework based on convex integral losses that encompasses the ITL problem and function-valued regression. Optimization schemes dedicated to solving the associated regularized empirical risk minimization problems are designed. By sampling the integral losses, we derive finite-dimensional representation of the solution under several choices of regularizers or shape constraints penalties, while keeping theoretical guarantees over their generalization capabilities. We also employ dualization techniques with the benefit of bringing desirable properties such as robustness or sparsity to the estimators thanks to the use of convoluted losses. Scalability issues are addressed by deriving optimization algorithms in the the context of approximated OVKs whose corresponding vv-RKHSs are of finite dimension. The use of trainable deep architectures composed by a neural network followed by a shallow kernel layer is also investigated as a way to learn the kernel used in practice on complex data such as images.We apply these techniques to various ITL problems and to robust function-to-function regression, that are tackled in the presence of outliers. We also cast style transfer problems as a vectorial output ITL problem and demonstrate its efficiency in emotion transfer
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Lucca, Walter. "PESO CORPORAL E FITASE NA DIGESTIBILIDADE VERDADEIRA DO FÓSFORO NO FARELO DE ARROZ INTEGRAL PARA SUÍNOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two studies were carried out in the Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, with the objective of determining the effect of body weight and phytase on the total true digestibility (DTVP) and endogenous phosphorus loss (PEL) of rice bran (RB) using linear regression technique. The sample was composed of 24 castrated pigs, being 12 animals with 13 ± 1 kg and 46 days old, and 12 animals with 57 ± 2.5 kg and 86 days old. The animals were divided into six treatments consisted of diets with three levels (5, 10 and 20%) of RB and two levels of phytase (0 and 750 FTU/kg-1). Semi-purified diets were used with inclusion of blood plasma as a source of amino acids and Ca:P ratio of 2:1. Ferric oxide was used as a fecal marker. The experiments were conducted in three periods of 12 days each, being 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for total collection of feces. The total amount of feed was calculated based on the lowest consumption and provided in four meals a day, while water was ad libitum. Between each 12 day-period a diet was provided during three days to meet the nutritional requirements of the animals. Pigs were housed in 24 cages with adjustable metabolisms according to their body weight. The room temperature was maintained at 22°Celsius, using air conditioners. The variables were subjected to analysis of variance using the effect of period, animal, treatments and interactions in the model. The average weight in the piglets did not change in relation to the phytase and the RB. On the other hand, the intake of dry matter DMI(g/d); excreted dry matter DME(g/d) and digestible dry matter DMD(%); ingested phosphorus PI(g/d); excreted phosphorus PE(g/d) and absorbed phosphorus PAbs(g/d) were significant by the level of RB and not significant the phytase, while the digestible the PD(%) was significant for phytase and RB. The DTVP and EPL of RB with and without the addition of phytase resulted 47.51% and 425.2mgP/kgDMI, R2=91% and 34.39% and 461.1 mgP/kgDMI, R2=97%, respectively. The addition of phytase in the diet reduced 6.76% the P excretion and the P coming from the RB reduced 38.46%. In the growth phase, live weight and DMI(g/d) the DME(g/d), DMD(%) and PI(g/d) and PAbs(g/d) were significant for RB. The PE(g/d) and PD(%) were influenced significant by phytase and RB. The DTVP and EPL of RB with and without phytase resulted 58.42% and 439.7mgP/kgDMI, R2 = 92.4% and 32.10% and 260.8mgP/kgDMI, R2 = 93.2%, respectively. There was a reduction of the PE with the addition of phytase in 27.92% and with the P coming from RB the reduction was 36.25%. The use of phytase in semi-purified diets with added RB promoted a reduction of fecal excretion of P in both studied weights and, consequently, there was
an increase in the DTVP. However, the effect of the enzyme was more pronounced in higher body weight of pigs (38 vs 45%). Phosphorus levels in serum did not change in the studied time periods for either phases and RB is rich in P. Much of this P is in the form of phytate with low digestibility, thus phytase has a significant role in providing this mineral, contributing in the increase of RB nutritional value.Dois estudos foram conduzidos no Setor de Suinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com o objetivo de determinar o efeito do peso vivo e da fitase na digestibilidade total verdadeira (DTVP) e perdas endógenas de fósforo (PETP) do farelo de arroz integral (FAI), através da técnica de regressão linear. Utilizaram-se 24 suínos castrados, sendo 12 animais com 13 ± 1 kg e 46 dias de idade e 12 animais com 57 ± 2,5 kg e 86 dias de idade. Os animais foram distribuídos em seis tratamentos, que consistiram de dietas formuladas com três níveis (5, 10 e 20%) de FAI e dois níveis de fitase (0 e 750 FTU/kg-1). Foram utilizadas dietas semipurificadas com inclusão de plasma sanguíneo (Ps) como fonte de aminoácidos e relação Ca:P de 2:1. O óxido férrico foi utilizado como marcador fecal. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em três períodos (blocos) de 12 dias, sendo 7 dias destinados à adaptação e 5 dias destinados à coleta total de fezes. A quantia total de ração fornecida foi calculada com base no menor consumo e fornecida em quatro refeições diárias, enquanto a água foi disponibilizada à vontade. Entre cada período de 12 dias foi fornecida uma dieta formulada para atender as necessidades nutricionais dos animais. Os suínos foram alojados em 24 gaiolas de metabolismo ajustáveis de acordo com o peso corporal. A temperatura ambiente foi mantida em 22ºC, utilizando-se condicionadores de ar. As variáveis foram submetidas à análise de variância utilizado no modelo o efeito do bloco, animal, tratamentos e as interações. O peso médio na fase de creche não sofreu alteração em relação à fitase e ao FAI. Já a matéria seca ingerida MSI (g/d), matéria seca excretada (g/d) e matéria seca digestível (%), fósforo ingerido PI (g/d), fósforo excretado (g/d), fósforo absorvido (g/d) foram significativo aos níveis de FAI, enquanto o fósforo digestível (%) foi significativo a fitase e farelo de arroz integral. A DTVP e PETP no FAI com e sem adição da fitase resultaram (47,51% e 425,2 mgP/kgMSI, R2 = 91,0%) e (34,39% e 461,1mgP/kgMSI, R2 = 97%), respectivamente. A adição da fitase reduziu a excreção de P na dieta em 6,76% e no P oriundo do FAI em 38,46%. Na fase de crescimento não houve significância do peso vivo e MSI (g/d) para fitase e FAI. A MSE (g/d), MSD (%) e PI (g/d) e PAbs (g/d) foram significativos ao FAI. O PE (g/d) e PD (%) foram influenciados significativamente pela fitase e farelo de arroz integral. A DTVP e PETP no FAI com e sem fitase resultaram (58,42% e 439,7 mgP/kgMSI, R2=92,4%) e (32,10% e 260,8 mgP/kgMSI, R2=93,2%), respectivamente. Houve redução do PE com adição de fitase em 27,92% e com o P oriundo do FAI 36,25%. Concluiu-se que o uso de fitase em dietas semipurificadas com adição de FAI promoveu redução da excreção fecal do fósforo em ambos os pesos estudados e, em decorrência, aumentou a DTVP. Entretanto, o efeito da fitase foi mais pronunciado nos suínos de maior peso corporal (38 versus 45%). Os níveis de P no soro sanguíneo não sofreram alteração nos períodos estudados para ambas as fases e o farelo de arroz integral é rico em P, sendo que grande parte desse encontra-se na forma de fitato com baixa digestibilidade, e a fitase tem papel significativo na disponibilização desse mineral, contribuindo no aumento do valor nutricional desse alimento.
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Баранник, Валентин Сергеевич. "Пространственная аэродинамическая оптимизация направляющей решетки осевой турбины". Thesis, НТУ "ХПИ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.05.16 – турбомашины и турбоустановки. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2016. Диссертация посвящена разработке методики пространственной аэродинамической оптимизации направляющих решеток осевых турбин путем поиска оптимальных формы профилей и меридиональных обводов межлопаточных каналов. Использование данной методики позволяет при решении оптимизационной задачи учесть дополнительные резервы повышения эффективности. Поиск оптимального варианта осуществлялся с использованием теории планирования эксперимента и ЛПτ – последовательности. Для описания полимодальных целевых функций исходная формальная макромодель в виде полного квадратичного полинома была уточнена путем замены суперпозиции параболы на суперпозицию кубического интерполяционного сплайна. На основе разработанной методики проведена оптимизация направляющей решетки третьей степени мощной паровой турбины с постоянным по высоте профилем при построении его различными типами кривых. Анализ результатов оптимизации показал, что наибольшее снижение интегральных потерь составило 7% в относительных величинах. Снижение потерь было достигнуто, как в ядре потока, так и в области вторичных течений. Существенно влиять на структуру течения в турбинных решетках, а следовательно получать дополнительных выигрыш при постановке оптимизационной задачи позволяет меридиональное профилирование поверхностей межлопаточного канала. Оптимизация периферийного меридионального обвода с помощью разработанного метода позволила дополнительно снизить интегральные потери 1,4%. в относительных величинах. Построение формы меридионального обвода осуществляется с использованием кривых Безье 4-го порядка для решеток без раскрытия и 3-го порядка – для решеток с раскрытием. Использование лопатки переменного по высоте профиля при постановке оптимизационной задачи также позволяет снизить интегральные потери.Thesis for degree of Candidate of Sciences in Technique for speciality 05.05.16 – turbomachine and turbo-installation. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to development the methods of the three-dimensional aerodynamic optimization of axial turbine nozzle cascades by defining the optimal shape of profiles and nozzle channel meridional shape. The formulation of an optimization problem using this methods allows to consider the additional efficiency reserves.While implementing developed method design of the turbine profiles using different kinds of curves was carried out. For each of the curve types the control parameters that allow to widely vary the profile geometry were determined. The results reliability was confirmed by providing verification of the nozzle and blade cascade simulations with experimental data. Using developed methods the optimization of the third stage nozzle cascade with a constant height profile of the powerful steam turbine using different types of curves was conducted. As a result of optimization the largest reduction of the integral losses by 7% in relative values was shown. Further optimization of the shroud meridional shape using developed optimization method increased this value by 1.4%. Formulation optimization task Using variable nozzle height profile also reduces the integral loses.
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Бараннік, Валентин Сергійович. "Просторова аеродинамічна оптимізація направляючої решітки осьової турбіни". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/22676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.05.16 – турбомашини та турбоустановки. – національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016. Дисертація присвячена розробці методики просторової аеродинамічної оптимізації напрямних решіток осьових турбін шляхом пошуку оптимальних форми профілів та меридіональних обводів міжлопаткових каналів. Використання даної методики дозволяє при постановці оптимізаційної задачі врахувати додаткові резерви підвищення ефективності. При реалізації цієї методики було виконано проектування турбінних профілів з використанням різного роду кривих. Для кожного типу кривої визначені її параметри управління, що дозволяють в широких межах варіювати геометрію профілю. Достовірність отриманих результатів підтверджується проведеною верифікацією на направляючій та робочій решітці. На основі розробленої методики проведено оптимізацію направляючої решітки третього ступеня потужної парової турбіни з постійним по висоті профілем при побудові його різними типами кривих. Аналіз результатів оптимізації показав, що найбільше зниження інтегральних втрат склало 7% у відносних величинах. Подальша оптимізація периферійного меридіонального обводу за допомогою розробленого методу дозволила збільшити цю величину на 1,4%. Використання лопатки перемінного по висоті профілю при постановці оптимізаційної задачі також дозволяє знизити інтегральні втрати.Thesis for degree of Candidate of Sciences in Technique for speciality 05.05.16 – turbomachine and turbo-installation. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to development the methods of the three-dimensional aerodynamic optimization of axial turbine nozzle cascades by defining the optimal shape of profiles and nozzle channel meridional shape. The formulation of an optimization problem using this methods allows to consider the additional efficiency reserves.While implementing developed method design of the turbine profiles using different kinds of curves was carried out. For each of the curve types the control parameters that allow to widely vary the profile geometry were determined. The results reliability was confirmed by providing verification of the nozzle and blade cascade simulations with experimental data. Using developed methods the optimization of the third stage nozzle cascade with a constant height profile of the powerful steam turbine using different types of curves was conducted. As a result of optimization the largest reduction of the integral losses by 7% in relative values was shown. Further optimization of the shroud meridional shape using developed optimization method increased this value by 1.4%. Formulation optimization task Using variable nozzle height profile also reduces the integral loses.
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Statra, Yazid. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la caractérisation des supraconducteurs HTC pour leur intégration dans les machines électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse constituent une contribution à la modélisation et à la caractérisation expérimentale de supraconducteurs à haute température critique (HTC) en vue d’une meilleure intégration dans les machines électriques. Les travaux ont été menés sur deux axes complémentaires : - Développement d'approches de modélisation permettant le calcul des grandeurs électromagnétiques dans les supraconducteurs HTC sous champ propre ou à proximité d’autres sources, et, notamment en présence de pièces ferromagnétiques à perméabilité magnétique linéaire et non linéaire. Un intérêt particulier est porté aux méthodes intégrales qui présentent plusieurs avantages pour la modélisation de tels systèmes. Les résultats obtenus ont été validés par des comparaisons aux mesures et à des calculs numériques par la méthode des éléments finis. - Caractérisation expérimentale de ces matériaux afin de déterminer le courant critique en courant continu (DC) et les pertes dissipées en courant alternatif (AC). L'étude va de l'élément de base (rubans supraconducteurs) au système (machine électrique), montrant les difficultés rencontrées dans une telle caractérisation. Un prototype de machine synchrone à induit supraconducteur a également été réalisé et testé. Les premiers résultats de mesure obtenus sont présentés et validés par modélisationThe research work presented in this thesis constitutes a contribution to the modeling and experimental characterization of high temperature superconductors (HTS) for a better integration in electrical machines. The work was carried out on two complementary axes: - Development of modeling approaches allowing the calculation of electromagnetic quantities in HTS under self-field conditions or with the proximity of other sources, in particular in the presence of ferromagnetic parts with linear and non-linear magnetic permeability. Particular interest is given to integral methods which have several advantages for the modeling of such systems. The results obtained were validated by comparisons with measurements and numerical calculations by the finite element method. - Experimental characterization of such materials in order to determine the critical current and AC losses. The study goes from the sample (superconducting tape) to the system (electrical machine), highlighting the difficulties encountered in such a characterization. A prototype of a synchronous machine with a superconducting armature was also built and tested. The first measurement results obtained are presented and validated by modeling
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Minaya, Salguero Carlos Eduardo. "Planeamiento integral de obra y proceso constructivo de un edificio multipropósito." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2008. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El tema de la presente tesis se centra en mostrar el proceso y los conceptos del
planeamiento integral y proceso constructivo de un edificio que puede utilizarse
para distintos fines, sea comercial o de oficinas, de allí el nombre de multipropósito.
Se realizó una evaluación desde los puntos de vista técnico y económico de
cuatros diferentes sistemas de losa de entrepiso, la losa de viguetas aligeradas
convencional, la losa maciza, la losa aligerada con viguetas pretensadas y la losa
con placa colaborante, asimismo se realizó la evaluación de una escalera de
concreto con una escalera metálica, las últimas mencionadas en cada caso, fueron
las utilizadas en la construcción del edificio multipropósito.
Para desarrollar estos temas, se dividió la tesis en siete capítulos, en el primero se
desarrolla la memoria descriptiva en el cual se hace la presentación del proyecto,
en el segundo se muestran las especificaciones técnicas describiendo los procesos
constructivos de cada una de las partidas que intervienen, en el tercero se
presentan los metrados de obra, en el cuarto se describe el proceso de elaboración
de los análisis de precios unitarios y los análisis comparativos mencionados en el
párrafo anterior, en el quinto se detalla el proceso de elaboración del presupuesto
de obra a nivel de costo directo, en el sexto se detalla el proceso de planeamiento
de obra en base a los datos desarrollados en los capítulos tercero y cuarto con el
soporte de los conceptos desarrollados en los otros capítulos, finalmente en el
capítulo séptimo se muestra el proceso constructivo mediante un reporte fotográfico
de la obra.
A través del desarrollo de la presente tesis se concluyó que el uso del sistema de
entrepiso de losa con placa colaborante y de la escalera metálica, es la opción
idónea para el tipo de proyecto analizado.
Por otro lado a lo largo de la tesis se dan pautas para mejorar y conocer a fondo el
planeamiento de una obra de construcción.Tesis
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Lowe, Krispian Tom Edward. "Infrared polarimetry and integral field spectroscopy of post-asymptotic giant branch stars." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2449.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis, I present the properties of IRAS 19306+1407 central source and its sur- rounding circumstellar envelope (CSE), from the analysis of near-infrared (near-IR) polarimetry and integral field spectroscopy (IFS), with supporting archived HST im- ages and sub-millimetre (sub-mm) photometry. This is supported by axi-symmetric light scattering (ALS), axi-symmetric radiative transfer (DART) and molecular hy-drogen (H2) shock models. The polarimetric images show that IRAS 19306+1407 has a dusty torus, which deviates from axisymmetry and exhibits a ‘twist’ feature. The DART and ALS modelling shows that the CSE consists of Oxygen-rich sub-micrometre dust grains, with a range in temperature from 130±30 to 40±20 K at the inner and outer radius, respectively, with inner and outer radii of 1.9±0.1×1014 and 2.7±0.1×1015 m. The CSE detached 400±10 years ago and the mass loss lasted 5700±160 years, assuming a constant asymptotic giant branch (AGB) outflow speed of 15 km s−1. The dust mass and total mass of the CSE is 8.9±5×10−4 and 1.8±1.0×10 −1 M⊙, assuming a gas-to-dust ratio of 200. The mass loss rate was 3.4±2.1×10−5 M⊙ year−1. The central source is consistent with a B1I-type star with a radius of 3.8 ± 0.6 R⊙, luminosity of 4500 ± 340 L⊙ at a distance of 2.7 ± 0.1 kpc. A purpose built idl package (fus) was developed and used in the SINFONI IFS data critical final reduction steps. It also produced emission line, kinematic and line ratio images. The IFS observations show that H2 is detected throughout the CSE, located in bright arcs and in the bipolar lobes. The velocity of the H2 is greatest at the end of the lobes. Brγ emission originates from, or close, to the central source – produced by a fast jump (J) shock or photo-ionised atomic gas. The 1-0 S(1)/2- 1 S(1) and 1-0 S(1)/3-2 S(3) ratios were used as a diagnostic and determined that H2 was excited by bow shaped shocks; however, these shock models could not wholly explain the observed rotational and vibrational temperatures. The CDR values were fitted by combining continuous (C) or J-bow shock and fluorescence models, with a contribution from the latter, observed throughout the CSE (5–77 per cent). The majority of shock can be described by a C-bow shock model with B = 0.02 to 1.28 mG. Shocks are predominately seen in the equatorial regions. Polarimetry and IFS highlight a ‘twist’ feature, which could be due to an episodic jet undergoing a recent change in the outflow direction. The sub-arcsecond IFS observations reveal a flocculent structure in the south- east bright arc, consisting of several clumps interpreted as a fast-wind eroding an equatorial torus, possibly forming H2 knots seen in (some) evolved planetary nebulae (PNe). My analysis has effectively constrained the following: spectral type, stellar radius, luminosity and distance, chemistry, dust grain properties, geometry, age, mass loss, excitation mechanism and evolutionary state of the post-AGB star and its surrounding CSE. I conclude that IRAS 19306+1407 is a post-AGB object on the verge becoming a PN.
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Rahman, M. E. "Integrated full vectorial FEM, FDTD and diffraction integrals in characterising visible light propagation through lossy biological media." Thesis, City, University of London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15935/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis, the propagation characteristics of the biological optical waveguides, considering the materials as lossy in the optical frequencies, have been analysed. It has been found that the losses present in the biological materials in optical frequencies are not negligible, and the loss values have significant effects on the propagation characteristics of these waveguides. In biological optical waveguides, each waveguide is surrounded by parallel waveguides so that the propagation characteristics would be different from that of single waveguide present in a homogeneous material. In this thesis, the impacts of the presence of the neighbouring waveguides on the propagation characteristics of a waveguide are studied in details. Dispersion characteristics of the waveguides have been investigated, and the effects of the material loss, presence of the neighbouring waveguides and the presence of multi-layer W-fibre like structure on the dispersion characteristics have also been studied. The modal characteristics, the time-domain evolution of the signal and the diffraction characteristics have been integrated to explain some of the still unanswered questions in the visual systems. An attempt has been made to explain the Stiles-Crawford effect of human retina in light of the findings of this thesis. A full-vectorial H-field based finite element method (FEM) is used for the modal solutions, Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) is used to study the time evolution of the signals through the waveguides, and the Diffraction profiles have been obtained by Rayleigh-Sommerfeld(RS) diffraction integral.
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Vasconcellos, Vagner. "Proposição de um sistema integrado de gestão de transformadores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-13082007-154218/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O transformador de potência é o ativo mais valioso e importante de uma subestação, razão pela qual se faz necessário um acompanhamento especial para estes equipamentos. A operação de qualquer equipamento fora de suas condições nominais é sempre uma situação de risco, porém, tal risco pode ser minimizado através de estudos e análises particulares para cada equipamento.Com os transformadores de potência isso não é diferente, as normas e guias de aplicação de cargas em transformadores prevêem períodos de sobrecarga dentro de algumas condições, porém, há uma grande incerteza nesses dados já que cada transformador envelhece de forma diferente ainda que sejam idênticos de projeto e fabricação. Por essa razão se faz necessária uma análise particular de cada equipamento onde serão identificados os riscos em potencial e a partir daí determinado o grau de confiabilidade do equipamento. Com base em informações históricas dos equipamentos e algoritmos desenvolvidos com base nas normas vigentes, foi desenvolvido o Sistema Integrado de Gestão denominado SGT. Através deste sistema será possível armazenar de forma organizada as informações de todas as unidades fornecendo subsídios para uma tomada de decisão minimizando os riscos. Através do Sistema Integrado será possível estabelecer uma base única de consultas, promovendo assim a otimização destes equipamentos face a regulação do setor elétrico.The power transformer is the most valuable and important assets of a substation, for that reason is necessary a special attendance for these equipments. The operation of any equipment out of their nominal conditions it is always a risk situation, however, such a risk can be minimized through studies and private analyses for each equipment. Power transformers are not different, the norms and guides of load application foresee overload periods under some conditions, however, and there is a great uncertainty in those data since each transformer ages in a different way although they are identical of project and production. For that reason are necessary peculiar analysis of each equipment where you/they will be identified the potential risks and since then certain the degree of reliability of the equipment. Based in historical informations of the equipments and algorithms developed in agreement with the effective norms, the Integrated System of Management was developed and denominated SGT. Through this system it will be possible to store in an organized way the information of all of the units, supplying subsidies to have a safe decision minimizing the risks. Through the Integrated System it will be possible to establish an only base of consultations, promoting the assets optimization based in the new regulation of the electric section.
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Gil, Camilo. "An Optimal Control Approach for Determiniation of the Heat Loss Coefficient in an ICS Solar Domestic Water Heating System." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2567.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water heating in a typical home in the U.S. accounts for a significant portion (between 14% and 25%) of the total home's annual energy consumption. The objective of considerably reducing the home's energy consumption from the utilities calls for the use of onsite renewable energy systems. Integral Collector Storage (ICS) solar domestic water heating systems are an alternative to help meet the hot water energy demands in a household. In order to evaluate the potential benefits and contributions from the ICS system, it is important that the parameter values included in the model used to estimate the system's performance are as accurate as possible. The overall heat loss coefficient (Uloss) in the model plays an important role in the performance prediction methodology of the ICS. This work presents a new and improved methodology to determine Uloss as a function of time in an ICS system using a systematic optimal control theoretic approach. This methodology is based on the derivation of a new nonlinear state space model of the system, and the formulation of a quadratic performance function whose minimization yields estimates of Uloss values that can be used in computer simulations to improve the performance prediction of the ICS system, depending on the desired time of the year and hot water draw profile. Simulation results show that predictions of the system's performance based on these estimates of Uloss are considerably more accurate than the predictions based on current existing methods for estimating Uloss.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering PhD
Книги з теми "Integral losses"
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Gloudemans, J. R. Once-through integral system (OTIS): Final report. Washington, DC: Division of Reactor System Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.
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2
Gloudemans, J. R. Once-through integral system (OTIS): Final report. Washington, DC: Division of Reactor System Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.
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3
Gloudemans, J. R. Once-through integral system (OTIS): Final report. Washington, DC: Division of Reactor System Safety, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.
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4
Neukum, Cathe. Clínica Mayo soluciones integrales: Perder peso. ̌Mxico: Gaiam Americas, 2009.
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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research and Laboratory for Thermal-Hydraulics (Paul Scherrer Institut), eds. Developmental assessment of RELAP5/MOD3.1 with separate-effect and integral test experiments: Model changes and options. Washington, DC: Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998.
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6
Diet for a New Life: An 8-step Integral Solution to Weight Loss and Well-being. BookSurge Publishing, 2007.
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7
Bozesan, Mariana. Diet for a New Life: An 8-step Integral Solution to Weight Loss and Well-being. BookSurge Publishing, 2007.
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Ebm, Claudia, and Andrew Rhodes. Post-operative fluid and circulatory management in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fluid and circulatory management is an integral part of the peri-operative care of critically-ill patients. Precisely estimating the volumetric needs of post-operative patients remains difficult. While the majority of patients tolerate intra-operative fluid loss easily, patients with reduced physiological reserve present more of a challenge. Targeting specific physiological goals and optimizing haemodynamics with fluids and inotropes, means outcomes of these patients can be improved. This approach is often referred as goal-directed therapy (GDT). ‘Individualized goal-directed therapy’ can vary in timing, monitoring techniques, and endpoints used. The emergence of minimal invasive devises has allowed us to integrate cardiac output monitoring as a safe and reliable tool in the routine care of high risk patients. This dynamic assessment of haemodynamics provides a reliable technique to assess volume responsiveness and guide fluids to optimize cardiac output and oxygen delivery.
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Gavrilyuk, Paul L. Modern Orthodox Thinkers. Edited by William J. Abraham and Frederick D. Aquino. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662241.013.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter discusses four general features of modern Orthodox epistemology of theology—ontologism, apophaticism, integral knowledge, and the noetic implications of theosis—and the contributions of individual Orthodox authors, including Berdyaev, Bulgakov, Florensky, Florovsky, Frank, Khomiakov, Lossky, Solovyov, and Zizioulas. Ontologism is a philosophical stance that subordinates epistemology to metaphysics; apophaticism is an attitude towards the mystery of God with implications for theories of religious language, religious experience, and metaphysics; a theory of integral knowledge challenges one-sided epistemologies developed in modernity; and the idea of theosis indicates human participation in the life of God, which has implications for the process of coming to know God. Gavrilyuk highlights the retrieval by Orthodox neopatristic theologians of important pre-modern epistemological insights as well as their contributions to personalism, reliabilism, and social and virtue epistemology that remain unknown in Western scholarly literature.
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Cox, Fiona. Ali Smith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779889.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ali Smith is one of the most exuberant and Ovidian of contemporary writers, as was revealed particularly by her rewriting of the myth of Iphis and Ianthe in Girl Meets Boy. This chapter focuses on three of her later works—Artful, Public Library, and Autumn—where her reworking of Ovid becomes integral to her condemnation of recent government policies in the UK, including a healthcare postcode lottery, the closure of hundreds of public libraries, and the Brexit referendum. Ovidian wordplay and humour infuses Smith’s mordant wit as she attacks the inequalities she perceives within British society, even as Ovidian pathos deepens the melancholy of her sense of loss.
Частини книг з теми "Integral losses"
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Scheibenbogen, Oliver, and Michael Musalek. "The Will to Beauty as a Therapeutic Agent: Aesthetic Values in the Treatment of Addictive Disorders." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 59–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAddiction and its comorbid disorders lead not only to massive losses in lifestyle but also to a loss of values. On the other hand, therapy and thus healing always means a resumption of the value discussion. In the present case vignette, the change in values of an alcohol-dependent woman and her turn to the beautiful in the sense of a resource-oriented therapy are described. Enjoying beautiful things led the patient to increase the self-efficacy expectation; at the same time, it was the initial step to emerge from the victim role and to start a self-responsible life again. The Will to Beauty is an integral part of the Orpheus Programme, a resource-oriented therapy for treating substance use disorders and behavioural addictions.
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Dobermann, Achim, Tom Bruulsema, Ismail Cakmak, Bruno Gerard, Kaushik Majumdar, Michael McLaughlin, Pytrik Reidsma, et al. "A New Paradigm for Plant Nutrition." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 361–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractNutrient inputs play a critical role in raising crops and livestock for food security, human nutrition and other uses in the bioeconomy. Their production and management must change so as to nourish crops, reduce harmful environmental impacts caused by nutrient losses and contribute to the restoration of soil health more effectively. A new paradigm for plant nutrition follows a food system approach in which multiple socioeconomic, environmental and health objectives must be achieved. The coming 10–20 years will be most critical for making the transition to a global food system in which all stakeholders look at food and nutrients in a holistic manner, including in regard to their hidden environmental, health and socioeconomic costs. Consumers, as well as governments and other stakeholders, need to support such a transformation, because farmers and the industry supporting them will not be able to implement all of the required actions alone. The outcome of this transformation will be a new societal plant nutrition optimum, rather than a purely economic optimum. The new nutrient economy will become an integral component of a low-carbon emission, environment-friendly and circular economy, supporting the food and nutrition requirements of a rising global population and improving the income and livelihood of farmers worldwide.
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Kopal, Zdeněk. "Loss of Light as Integral Transforms." In Mathematical Theory of Stellar Eclipses, 41–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0539-9_3.
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Shchepakina, Elena. "Delayed Stability Loss Scenarios for a Slow Integral Manifold." In Trends in Mathematics, 71–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01153-6_13.
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Topping, Peter M. "Loss of Initial Data Under Limits of Ricci Flows." In Minimal Surfaces: Integrable Systems and Visualisation, 257–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68541-6_15.
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Zhang, J. C., D. L. DeAngelis, and J. Y. Zhuang. "Calculation of Water and Sediment Discharge Using an Integral Calculus Method." In Theory and Practice of Soil Loss Control in Eastern China, 31–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9679-4_2.
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Mayag, Brice. "A 2-Additive Choquet Integral Model for French Hospitals Rankings in Weight Loss Surgery." In Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, 101–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40596-4_10.
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Rančić, Milica, Radoslav Jankoski, Sergei Silvestrov, and Slavoljub Aleksić. "Analysis of Horizontal Thin-Wire Conductor Buried in Lossy Ground: New Model for Sommerfeld Type Integral." In Engineering Mathematics I, 33–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42082-0_3.
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De Strooper, B., A. Herreman, P. Cupers, K. Craessaerts, L. Serneels, and W. Annaert. "The Putative Role of Presenilins in the Transmembrane Domain Cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein and Other Integral Membrane Proteins." In Neurodegenerative Disorders: Loss of Function Through Gain of Function, 129–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04399-8_9.
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Sinha, J. P., Ashwani Kumar, and Elmar Weissmann. "Seed Processing for Quality Upgradation." In Seed Science and Technology, 213–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractPre-harvest and post-harvest operations are integral parts of the quality seed production system. If due attention is not paid during the first phase, probably therewill not be any means left to obtain quality seed. Similarly, good quality seed produced with utmost care may lose much of its value if proper management is not followed during the post-harvest period. The seed quality attributes are genetic purity, appearance and physical purity, germination potential, vigour and seed health. Proper attention should be given during both the phases of seed production, regarding all the attributes of seed quality. Genetic purity is primarily linked with production or pre-harvest phase. Whereas, physical purity is primarily achieved in post-harvest phase. The harvested raw seed mass consists of various materials other than seed (MOS). MOS may be trash, plant parts, inert matter, weeds, other crop seeds and non-viable seeds, e.g. cut grains, insect pest damaged, off sized or physically damaged kernels, etc. Such contaminants reduce seed quality and increase the volume of harvested seed mass that requires additional space during storage. Moreover, these contaminants often attract pest infestation, which can further cause seed loss both in terms of quality and quantity. Proper storage of processed and clean seed is also an essential component of seed programmes as the sowing season normally falls at least six to nine months after the production season.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Integral losses"
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Mazzinghi, A., A. Freni, and A. Albani. "A rigorous integral approach for conductor losses modelling in RLSA antennas." In 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eucap.2012.6205980.
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Figueroa Ibarra, Luis R., J. Hugo Rodri´guez Marti´nez, Ce´sar A. Romo Millares, and Laura E. Sa´nchez Herna´ndez. "Using Integral Power Plant Diagnosis to Boost Maintenance Efficiency." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88103.
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Significant decrements in generated power at fossil fuel power plants occur in the few months following annual maintenance which, besides causing economic losses for the power plants, reduce their availability. In order to determine the causes of these decrements, it is a common practice to carry out tests to evaluate the performance of the equipment in which the problem supposedly originates. Because these tests are made individually in the equipment, it is not possible to have an integral vision of the plant operation as a whole and, therefore, the problem related to energy efficiency is not attacked from the root [1]. This paper shows a practical method using in-situ measurements and a commercial simulation computer tool that allows the power plant operators to make an integral thermodynamic assessment. It makes possible to identify the causes of efficiency decrease (for the whole plant and its components) and to quantify the contribution of each equipment to the total power loss. As a result, priorities on the maintenance of the equipment can be determined to tackle the most important energy losses, and obtaining a total solution to the problem of energy decrement. The paper includes the results obtained from the application of this methodology to assess a 158 MW fossil fuel power plant unit in Mexico.
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Bozzi, Maurizio, Luca Perregrini, and Ke Wu. "Modeling of losses in substrate integrated waveguide by Boundary Integral-Resonant Mode Expansion method." In 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest - MTT 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2008.4633216.
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Brachmanski, Roland, and Reinhard Niehuis. "About the Distribution of the Mach Number and Losses Under Consideration of the Diffusion Factor: Profile Distribution and Losses for Low Pressure Turbine Profiles With High Diffusion Factors Under Steady Flow Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57750.
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The results of this investigation consist of two linear cascades at high diffusion factors. The present measurements for each low pressure turbine profile were conducted at midspan under a range of Reynolds- and exit Mach numbers. The exit Mach number was varied in a range covering low subsonic up to values where a transonic flow regime on the suction side of the blade could be expected. The variation of the exit Mach number was also used to create different locations of the maximum Mach number and to evaluate the resulting total pressure losses. This work focuses on two profiles with a diffusion factor in a range of 0.18 ≤ DF ≤ 0.22, which is considered as a comparable level for the two cascades. The profile A is a front-loaded design and has shown no obvious flow separation on the suction side of the blade. Compared to the profile A the design B is a more aft-loaded profile which indicates flow separation on the suction side for all investigated Reynolds numbers. The integral total pressure losses were evaluated by wake traverses downstream of the profile. To determine the isentropic Mach numbers and the character of the boundary layer along the suction side of the profile, static pressure tappings and measurements with a flattened Pitot probe were carried out. Numerical studies were also conducted to investigate further the influence of a reduced turbulence intensity on the boundary layer of the suction side of design B. The results show that the optimum of the integral total pressure losses are significantly dependent on the Reynolds number. Therefore a correlation between the maximum Mach number on the suction side and the integral total pressure losses has been successfully established. A significant change of the turbulence intensity at the inlet of the cascade leads to shift of the location of the maximum Mach number. It also results in an equivalent change of the total pressure losses, which has been predicted by the trend line. However, the trend lines, which are based on the data of the integral total pressure losses of an attached boundary layer, are not able to predict the integral total pressure loss or the location of the maximum Mach number on the suction side of the blade since an open separation bubble occurs.
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Barglik, J. "3D integral model of eddy currents and losses in thin nonmagnetic structures in linear media." In Proceedings of CEM 2002 - 4th International Conference on Computation in Electromagnetics. IEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20020142.
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Hine, Rory D., Judith R. Farman, Sam D. Grimshaw, and James V. Taylor. "Short Ducted Fan Diffusers With Integral Splitter Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-102165.
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Abstract To maximise the range of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, the hover efficiency of ducted fan propulsors should be optimised. Diffusers at the outlet of ducted fans increase thrust, for a given power input, by converting otherwise wasted kinetic energy into a static pressure rise. The weight, and therefore length, of diffusers must be minimised to maximise the net thrust added. However, reducing length increases the adverse, axial pressure gradient which increases flow separation and stagnation pressure losses. In this paper, circumferential splitter blades are used to control loading distributions and reduce the size of separations by modifying pressure gradients. The aim is to increase the pressure recovered by short diffusers. Using 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and pattern search optimisation, the performance and geometric trends of optimised diffusers are mapped as non-dimensional length (L/h) and splitter count (Ns) vary. Two different pressure maximising strategies are identified for diffusers with two splitters (Ns = 2). The first minimises stagnation pressure loss by positioning a splitter near to the hub to inhibit endwall separation. The second maximises the pressure recovered through diffusion by modifying the loading distribution between splitter divided sub-passages. These strategies guide the development of short diffusers for different operational requirements. To validate simulations, an experimental rig is used to study the inlet and outlet flow fields of short, optimised, Ns = 0 and Ns = 2 diffusers. The experimentally measured stagnation pressure loss suffered by the optimised Ns = 2 diffuser is half that of the Ns = 0 design. This is primarily due to the alleviation of casing endwall separations. Flow mechanisms are identified using CFD simulated limiting surface streamlines and experimental flow visualisation.
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Ramdane, B., G. Meunier, G. Escamez, O. Chadebec, A. Badel, and P. Tixador. "3D volume integral formulation based on facet elements for the computation of AC losses in superconductors." In 2016 IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cefc.2016.7816168.
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Codd, Daniel S., and Alexander H. Slocum. "Direct Absorption Volumetric Molten Salt Receiver With Integral Storage." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54175.
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A new design is presented for a concentrating solar power central receiver system with integrated thermal storage. Concentrated sunlight penetrates and is absorbed within a passive molten salt pool, also acting as a single-tank assisted thermocline storage system. The receiver has a relatively small aperture, open to the environment without requiring a transparent window to isolate the system, exhibiting low losses while achieving high temperatures needed for efficient power generation. The use of an insulated divider plate provides a physical and thermal barrier to separate the hot and cold salt layers within the receiver. The position of the divider plate is controlled throughout the day to enhance the natural thermocline which forms within the salt. As a result, continuous, high temperature heat extraction is possible even as the average temperature of the salt is declining. Experimental results are presented for an optically heated 5 L capacity sodium-potassium nitrate salt volumetric receiver equipped with a movable divider plate.
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Sharma, O. P., and T. L. Butler. "Predictions of Endwall Losses and Secondary Flows in Axial Flow Turbine Cascades." In ASME 1986 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-228.
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The development of a semi-empirical model for estimating endwall losses is described in this paper. The model has been developed from improved understanding of complex endwall secondary flows, acquired through review of flow visualization and pressure loss data for axial flow turbomachine cascades. The flow visualization data together with detailed measurements of viscous flow development through cascades have permitted more realistic interpretation of the classical secondary flow theories for axial turbomachine cascades. The re-interpreted secondary flow theories together with integral boundary layer concepts are used to formulate a calculation procedure for predicting losses due to the endwall secondary flows. The proposed model is evaluated against data from published literature and improved agreement between the data and predictions is demonstrated.
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Zhou, D. M., Z. G. Zhang, and Y. S. Li. "Numerical Prediction of Profile and Endwall Losses for Multi-Splitter Turbine Cascades." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A simple numerical method for predicting the profile loss and the endwall secondary loss of multi-splitter turbine cascade in subsonic flow is presented. A variational finite element potential flow solver is used to obtain the main flow through the blade passages, the loss due to the surface friction is calculated using an integral boundary layer method, the trailing-edge loss is calculated directly from the empirical correlation, and a semi-empirical model for estimating the endwall secondary loss is also provided. The rationality of the approach is justified by the agreement of the prediction with a range of experimental measurement.
Звіти організацій з теми "Integral losses"
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Ter-Minassian, Teresa, and Andrés Muñoz Miranda. Options for a Reform of the Mexican Intergovernmental Transfer System in Light of International Experiences. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004217.
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This paper focuses on the design of intergovernmental transfers to reduce vertical and horizontal fiscal imbalances and improve the performance of subnational governments. It provides an overview of international experiences, especially of large federations, with a view to devising viable options for reform of the transfer system in Mexico. While there is no one-size-fits-all ideal model of design and implementation of intergovernmental transfer systems, this analysis points to some lessons that can inform reforms, including the need to view intergovernmental transfers as an integral part of the overall system of intergovernmental fiscal relations; the use of different types of intergovernmental transfers that are best suited to fulfill different objectives; and the incorporation of equalization schemes to address regional disparities. In the light of these experiences, we find that the current Mexican transfer system is too fragmented, is linked to volatile oil revenues, involves substantial discretion in the allocation of a significant portion of the transfers, and lacks sufficient equalizing power. This paper presents and discusses possible reform options and demonstrates that it is altogether possible to reduce transfer dependence to promote effort and fiscal responsibility; simplify the system to increase predictability and ease its administration; eliminate discretion to increase transparency and establish stronger subnational budget constraints; and improve fiscal equalization to promote equity in subnational service delivery. Careful consideration of political economy dynamics is given in the simulations of possible reforms, with a view to minimizing short-term gains and losses as well as political opposition.
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Perera, Duminda, Ousmane Seidou, Jetal Agnihotri, Mohamed Rasmy, Vladimir Smakhtin, Paulin Coulibaly, and Hamid Mehmood. Flood Early Warning Systems: A Review Of Benefits, Challenges And Prospects. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mjfq3791.
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Floods are major water-related disasters that affect millions of people resulting in thousands of mortalities and billiondollar losses globally every year. Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWS) - one of the floods risk management measures - are currently operational in many countries. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction recognises their importance and strongly advocates for an increase in their availability under the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, despite widespread recognition of the importance of FEWS for disaster risk reduction (DRR), there’s a lack of information on their availability and status around the world, their benefits and costs, challenges and trends associated with their development. This report contributes to bridging these gaps by analyzing the responses to a comprehensive online survey with over 80 questions on various components of FEWS (risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and communication, and response capabilities), investments into FEWS, their operational effectiveness, benefits, and challenges. FEWS were classified as technologically “basic”, “intermediate” and “advanced” depending on the existence and sophistication of FEWS` components such as hydrological data = collection systems, data transfer systems, flood forecasting methods, and early warning communication methods. The survey questionnaire was distributed to flood forecasting and warning centers around the globe; the primary focus was developing and least-developed countries (LDCs). The questionnaire is available here: https://inweh.unu.edu/questionnaireevaluation-of-flood-early-warning-systems/ and can be useful in its own right for similar studies at national or regional scales, in its current form or with case-specific modifications. Survey responses were received from 47 developing (including LDCs) and six developed countries. Additional information for some countries was extracted from available literature. Analysis of these data suggests the existence of an equal number of “intermediate” and “advanced” FEWS in surveyed river basins. While developing countries overall appear to progress well in FEWS implementation, LDCs are still lagging behind since most of them have “basic” FEWS. The difference between types of operational systems in developing and developed countries appear to be insignificant; presence of basic, intermediate or advanced FEWS depends on available investments for system developments and continuous financing for their operations, and there is evidence of more financial support — on the order of USD 100 million — to FEWS in developing countries thanks to international aid. However, training the staff and maintaining the FEWS for long-term operations are challenging. About 75% of responses indicate that river basins have inadequate hydrological network coverage and back-up equipment. Almost half of the responders indicated that their models are not advanced and accurate enough to produce reliable forecasts. Lack of technical expertise and limited skilled manpower to perform forecasts was cited by 50% of respondents. The primary reason for establishing FEWS, based on the survey, is to avoid property damage; minimizing causalities and agricultural losses appear to be secondary reasons. The range of the community benefited by FEWS varies, but 55% of FEWS operate in the range between 100,000 to 1 million of population. The number of flood disasters and their causalities has declined since the year 2000, while 50% of currently operating FEWS were established over the same period. This decline may be attributed to the combined DRR efforts, of which FEWS are an integral part. In lower-middle-income and low-income countries, economic losses due to flood disasters may be smaller in absolute terms, but they represent a higher percentage of such countries’ GDP. In high-income countries, higher flood-related losses accounted for a small percentage of their GDP. To improve global knowledge on FEWS status and implementation in the context of Sendai Framework and SDGs, the report’s recommendations include: i) coordinate global investments in FEWS development and standardise investment reporting; ii) establish an international hub to monitor the status of FEWS in collaboration with the national responsible agencies. This will support the sharing of FEWS-related information for accelerated global progress in DRR; iii) develop a comprehensive, index-based ranking system for FEWS according to their effectiveness in flood disaster mitigation. This will provide clear standards and a roadmap for improving FEWS’ effectiveness, and iv) improve coordination between institutions responsible for flood forecasting and those responsible for communicating warnings and community preparedness and awareness.
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Sevy, R. H. Sudden loss of flow in an Integral Fast Reactor. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10197949.
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Leis and Zhu. PR-003-103603-R01 Assessing Corrosion Severity for High-Strength Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010821.
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This project was directed at isolating the effects of the metal-loss geometry and the properties of the steels, as the basis to quantify the effects of the metal loss geometry and to seamlessly consolidate the databases and integrate severity criteria for the vintage and higher-strength grades, to make corrosion management seamless across grade.
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Gloudemans, J. Multiloop integral system test (MIST): Test Group 32, SBLOCA (small-break loss-of-coolant accidents) with altered leak and HPI (high-pressure injection) configurations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5497167.
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Balali, Vahid. System-of-Systems Integration for Civil Infrastructures Resiliency Toward MultiHazard Events. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2245.
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Civil infrastructure systems—facilities that supply principal services, such as electricity, water, transportation, etc., to a community—are the backbone of modern society. These systems are frequently subject to multi-hazard events, such as earthquakes. The poor resiliency of these infrastructures results in many human casualties and significant economic losses every year. An outline of a holistic view that considers how different civil infrastructure systems operate independently and how they interact and communicate with each other is required to have a resilient infrastructure system. More specifically a systems engineering approach is required to enable infrastructure to remain resilient in the case of extreme events, including natural disasters. To address these challenges, this research builds on the proposal that the infrastructure systems be equipped with state-of-the-art sensor networks that continuously record the condition and performance of the infrastructure. The sensor data from each infrastructure are then transferred to a data analysis system component that employs artificial intelligence techniques to constantly analyze the infrastructure’s resiliency and energy efficiency performance. This research models the resilient infrastructure problem as a System of Systems (SoS) comprised of the abovementioned components. It explores system integration and operability challenges and proposes solutions to meet the requirements of the SoS. An integration ontology, as well as a data-centric architecture, is developed to enable infrastructure resiliency toward multi-hazard events. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and infrastructure managers, such as Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), can learn from and integrate these solutions to make civil infrastructure systems more resilient for all.
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Castro, Carlos, and Karen Garcia. Default Risk in Agricultural Lending: The Effects of Commodity Price Volatility and Climate. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006991.
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This paper proposes and estimates a default risk model for agricultural lenders that explicitly accounts for two risks that are endemic to agricultural activities: commodity price volatility and climate. The results indicate that both factors are relevant in explaining the occurrence of default in the portfolio of a rural bank. In addition, the paper illustrates how to integrate the default risk model into standard techniques of portfolio credit risk modeling. The portfolio credit risk model provides a quantitative tool to estimate the loss distribution and the economic capital for a rural bank. The estimated parameters of the default risk model, along with scenarios for the evolution of the risk factors, are used to construct stress tests on the portfolio of a rural bank. These stress tests indicate that climate factors have a larger effect on economic capital than commodity price volatility.
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Guerra, Flávia, Alex Caldera-Ortega, Daniel Tagle Zamora, Gorka Zubicaray, Acoyani Adame, Michael Roll, and Lucas Turmena. TUC City Profile: León, Mexico. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/gjss3214.
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Economic dynamism has been maintained at the expense of rising socio-environmental issues in León, namely the deterioration of air and water quality, the overexploitation of groundwater sources, soil erosion and contamination, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, urban sprawl and inequality. These issues contribute to, and are worsened by, climate change. Climate governance in León began to materialize in the early 2010s, largely emulating the state’s legal and institutional framework. It has since progressed incrementally with each municipal administration. Nevertheless, mainstreaming of the climate agenda is hampered by several factors, including lack of effective coordination across government bodies and insufficient funding. Climate change mitigation projects implemented in León have mostly been aimed at addressing sectoral urban problems, only contributing to reducing emissions implicitly and marginally. Changing this trend requires all urban actors to explicitly integrate climate goals in their agendas and implement them collaboratively. León’s civil society has increasingly denounced social and environmental injustices associated with both public and private projects. It demands greater participation in urban decisions around topics such as air quality and transport, water, green public spaces and urban reforestation, and gender – all of which could be entry points for transformative climate action.
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Dolatowski, Emily, Burton Suedel, Jon Calabria, Matthew Bilskie, James Byers, Kelsey Broich, S. McKay, Amanda Tritinger, and C. Woodson. Embracing biodiversity on engineered coastal infrastructure through structured decision-making and Engineering With Nature®. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48395.
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Extreme weather variation, natural disasters, and anthropogenic actions negatively impact coastal communities through flooding and erosion. To safeguard coastal settlements, shorelines are frequently reinforced with seawalls and bulkheads. Hardened shorelines, however, result in biodiversity loss and environmental deterioration. The creation of sustainable solutions that engineer with nature is required to lessen natural and anthropogenic pressures. Nature-based solutions (NbS) are a means to enhance biodiversity and improve the environment while meeting engineering goals. To address this urgent need, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineering With Nature® (EWN) program balances economic, environmental, and social benefits through collaboration. This report presents how design and engineering practice can be enhanced through organized decision-making and landscape architectural renderings that integrate engineering, science, and NbS to increase biodiversity in coastal marine habitats. When developing new infrastructure or updating or repairing existing infrastructure, such integration can be greatly beneficial. Further, drawings and renderings exhibiting EWN concepts can assist in decision-making by aiding in the communication of NbS designs. Our practical experiences with the application of EWN have shown that involving landscape architects can play a critical role in effective collaboration and result in solutions that safeguard coastal communities while maintaining or enhancing biodiversity.
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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.
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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.